Provided by: x11vnc_0.9.13-3_amd64 bug

NAME

       x11vnc - allow VNC connections to real X11 displays
                version: 0.9.13, lastmod: 2011-08-10

SYNOPSIS

       x11vnc [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION

       Typical usage is:

              Run  this  command  in  a shell on the remote machine "far-host" with X session you
              wish to view:

              x11vnc -display :0

              Then run this in another window on the machine you are sitting at:

              vncviewer far-host:0

       Once x11vnc establishes connections with the X11 server and  starts  listening  as  a  VNC
       server it will print out a string: PORT=XXXX where XXXX is typically 5900 (the default VNC
       server port).  One would next run something like this on  the  local  machine:  "vncviewer
       hostname:N"  where  "hostname"  is  the name of the machine running x11vnc and N is XXXX -
       5900, i.e. usually "vncviewer hostname:0".

       By default x11vnc will not allow the screen to be shared and it will exit as soon  as  the
       client  disconnects.   See  -shared and -forever below to override these protections.  See
       the FAQ for details how to tunnel the VNC connection through an encrypted channel such  as
       ssh(1).  In brief:

              ssh -t -L 5900:localhost:5900 far-host 'x11vnc -localhost -display :0'

       % vncviewer -encodings 'copyrect tight zrle hextile' localhost:0

       Also, use of a VNC password (-rfbauth or -passwdfile) is strongly recommended.

       For       additional       info       see:       http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/      and
       http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html

       Config file support: if the file $HOME/.x11vncrc exists then each line in it is treated as
       a  single  command  line  option.   Disable with -norc.  For each option name, the leading
       character "-" is not required.  E.g. a line that is either "forever" or "-forever" may  be
       used and are equivalent.  Likewise "wait 100" or "-wait 100" are acceptable and equivalent
       lines.  The "#" character comments out to the end of the line in the usual way  (backslash
       it  for  a  literal).   Leading  and  trailing  whitespace  is  trimmed off.  Lines may be
       continued with a "\" as the last character of a line (it becomes a space character).

OPTIONS

       -display disp

              X11 server display to connect to, usually :0.  The X server process must be running
              on same machine and support MIT-SHM.  Equivalent to setting the DISPLAY environment
              variable to disp.

              See the description below of  the  "-display  WAIT:..."   extensions,  where  alias
              "-find"  will  find  the  user's display automatically, and "-create" will create a
              Xvfb session if no session is found.

       -auth file

              Set the X  authority  file  to  be  file,  equivalent  to  setting  the  XAUTHORITY
              environment   variable   to  file  before  startup.   Same  as  -xauth  file.   See
              Xsecurity(7) , xauth(1) man pages for more info.

              Use '-auth guess' to have x11vnc use its -findauth mechanism (described  below)  to
              try to guess the XAUTHORITY filename and use it.

              XDM/GDM/KDM:  if  you  are  running  x11vnc as root and want to find the XAUTHORITY
              before anyone has logged into an X session yet, use:  x11vnc  -env  FD_XDM=1  -auth
              guess ...  (This will also find the XAUTHORITY if a user is already logged into the
              X session.)  When running as root, FD_XDM=1 will be  tried  if  the  initial  -auth
              guess fails.

       -N

              If the X display is :N, try to set the VNC display to also be :N This just sets the
              -rfbport option to 5900+N The program will exit immediately if  that  port  is  not
              available.  The  -N option only works with normal -display usage, e.g. :0 or :8, -N
              is ignored in the -display WAIT:..., -create, -find, -svc, -redirect, etc modes.

       -autoport n

              Automatically probe for a free VNC port starting at n.  The  default  is  to  start
              probing at 5900.  Use this to stay away from other VNC servers near 5900.

       -rfbport str

              The  VNC  port  to  listen  on  (a LibVNCServer option), e.g.  5900, 5901, etc.  If
              specified as "-rfbport PROMPT" then the x11vnc -gui is used to prompt the  user  to
              enter the port number.

       -6

              IPv6  listening  support.  In addition to IPv4, the IPv6 address is listened on for
              incoming connections.  The same port number as IPv4 is used.

              NOTE:  This x11vnc binary was compiled to have the "-6" IPv6 listening mode ENABLED
              by  default  (CPPFLAGS  -DX11VNC_LISTEN6=1).  So to disable IPv6 listening mode you
              MUST supply the "-no6" option (see below.)

              The "-6" mode works for both normal connections and -ssl  encrypted  ones.   Nearly
              everything  is  supported  for  the IPv6 case, but there are a few exceptions.  See
              -stunnel for its IPv6 support.

              Currently, for absolutely everything to work correctly the machine may need to have
              some  IPv4  support,  at the least for the loopback interface.  However, for nearly
              all usage modes no IPv4 support is required. See -nopiv4.

              If you have trouble compiling or running  in  IPv6  mode,  set  -DX11VNC_IPV6=0  in
              CPPFLAGS when configuring to disable IPv6 support.

       -no6

              Disable  IPv6  listening support (only useful if the "-6" mode is compiled in to be
              the default; see the X11VNC_LISTEN6 description above under "-6".)

       -noipv6

              Do not try to use IPv6 for any listening or connecting sockets.  This includes both
              the   listening   service   port(s)   and   outgoing   connections  from  -connect,
              -connect_or_exit, or -proxy.  Use this if you are having problems due to IPv6.

       -noipv4

              Do not try to use IPv4 for any listening or connecting sockets.  This is mainly for
              exploring the behavior of x11vnc on an IPv6-only system, but may have other uses.

       -reopen

              If  the X server connection is disconnected, try to reopen the X display (up to one
              time.)  This is of use for display managers like GDM (KillInitClients option)  that
              kill  x11vnc just after the user logs into the X session.  Note: the reopened state
              may  be  unstable.   Set  X11VNC_REOPEN_DISPLAY=n  to  reopen  n  times   and   set
              X11VNC_REOPEN_SLEEP_MAX  to  the  number  of seconds, default 10, to keep trying to
              reopen the display (once per second.)

              Update: as of 0.9.9, x11vnc tries  to  automatically  avoid  being  killed  by  the
              display  manager  by  delaying  creating windows or using XFIXES.  So you shouldn't
              need to use KillInitClients=false as long as you log in quickly enough  (within  45
              seconds     of     connecting.)      You    can    disable    this    by    setting
              X11VNC_AVOID_WINDOWS=never.  You can also set it to the number of seconds to delay.

       -reflect host:N

              Instead of connecting to and polling an X display, connect to the remote VNC server
              host:N and be a reflector/repeater for it.  This is useful for trying to manage the
              case of many simultaneous VNC viewers (e.g. classroom broadcasting) where, e.g. you
              put  a repeater on each network switch, etc, to improve performance by distributing
              the load and network traffic.  Implies -shared (use -noshared as a later option  to
              disable). See the discussion below under -rawfb vnc:host:N for more details.

       -id windowid

              Show  the  X  window corresponding to windowid not the entire display.  New windows
              like popup menus, transient toplevels, etc, may not be  seen  or  may  be  clipped.
              Disabling  SaveUnders  or  BackingStore in the X server may help show them.  x11vnc
              may crash  if  the  window  is  initially  partially  obscured,  changes  size,  is
              iconified,  etc.   Some  steps are taken to avoid this and the -xrandr mechanism is
              used to track resizes.  Use xwininfo(1) to get the window id, or use "-id pick"  to
              have  x11vnc  run xwininfo(1) for you and extract the id.  The -id option is useful
              for exporting very simple applications (e.g. the current view on a webcam).

       -sid windowid

              As -id, but instead of using the window directly it shifts a root view to it:  this
              shows  SaveUnders  menus,  etc, although they will be clipped if they extend beyond
              the window.

       -tag str

              This option is ignored, but allows you to specify a unique  string  on  the  x11vnc
              command  line,  for  example "-tag test34934z", this could enable a reliable way to
              identify different x11vnc processes via their command lines (see ps(1) , pgrep(1) ,
              and pkill(1) and /proc/PID/cmdline.)

       -appshare

              Simple  application  sharing  based  on the -id/-sid mechanism.  Every new toplevel
              window that the application creates induces a  new  viewer  window  via  a  reverse
              connection.  The -id/-sid and -connect options are required.  Run 'x11vnc -appshare
              -help' for more info.

       -clip WxH+X+Y

              Only show the sub-region of the full display  that  corresponds  to  the  rectangle
              geometry with size WxH and offset +X+Y.  The VNC display has size WxH (i.e. smaller
              than the full display).  This also works for -id/-sid  mode  where  the  offset  is
              relative  to  the upper left corner of the selected window.  An example use of this
              option would be to split a large (e.g. Xinerama)  display  into  two  parts  to  be
              accessed via separate viewers by running a separate x11vnc on each part.

              Use  '-clip  xinerama0'  to  clip  to the first xinerama sub-screen (if xinerama is
              active).  xinerama1 for the 2nd sub-screen, etc.  This way you don't need to figure
              out  the  WxH+X+Y  of  the  desired  xinerama  sub-screen.   screens  are sorted in
              increasing distance from the (0,0) origin (I.e. not the Xserver's order).

       -flashcmap

              In 8bpp indexed color, let the installed colormap flash as the pointer  moves  from
              window to window (slow).  Also try the -8to24 option to avoid flash altogether.

       -shiftcmap n

              Rare  problem,  but  some 8bpp displays use less than 256 colorcells (e.g. 16-color
              grayscale, perhaps the other bits are used for double buffering) *and* also need to
              shift  the  pixels  values  away  from  0, .., ncells.  n indicates the shift to be
              applied to the pixel values.  To see the pixel values set DEBUG_CMAP=1 to print out
              a colormap histogram.  Example: -shiftcmap 240

       -notruecolor

              For 8bpp displays, force indexed color (i.e. a colormap) even if it looks like 8bpp
              TrueColor (rare problem).

       -advertise_truecolor

              If the X11 display is indexed color, lie to clients  when  they  first  connect  by
              telling  them  it  is truecolor.  To workaround RealVNC: inPF has colourMap but not
              8bpp Use '-advertise_truecolor reset' to reset client fb too.

       -visual n

              This option probably does not do what you think.  It  simply  *forces*  the  visual
              used  for  the  framebuffer;  this  may be a bad thing... (e.g. messes up colors or
              cause a crash). It is useful for testing and for some  workarounds.   n  may  be  a
              decimal  number,  or  0x  hex.   Run  xdpyinfo(1) for the values.  One may also use
              "TrueColor", etc. see <X11/X.h> for a list.  If the string ends in  ":m"  then  for
              better or for worse the visual depth is forced to be m.  You may want to use -noshm
              when using this option (so XGetImage may automatically translate the pixel data).

       -overlay

              Handle multiple depth visuals on one screen, e.g. 8+24  and  24+8  overlay  visuals
              (the 32 bits per pixel are packed with 8 for PseudoColor and 24 for TrueColor).

              Currently  -overlay  only  works  on  Solaris  via XReadScreen(3X11) and IRIX using
              XReadDisplay(3).  On Solaris there  is  a  problem  with  image  "bleeding"  around
              transient  popup  menus  (but  not for the menu itself): a workaround is to disable
              SaveUnders by passing the "-su" argument to Xsun (in /etc/dt/config/Xservers).

              Use -overlay as a workaround for situations like these:  Some  legacy  applications
              require  the  default  visual  to be 8bpp (8+24), or they will use 8bpp PseudoColor
              even when the default visual is depth 24 TrueColor (24+8).  In these  cases  colors
              in  some  windows will be incorrect in x11vnc unless -overlay is used.  Another use
              of -overlay is to enable showing the exact mouse cursor shape (details below).

              Under -overlay, performance  will  be  somewhat  slower  due  to  the  extra  image
              transformations  required.  For optimal performance do not use -overlay, but rather
              configure the X server so that the default visual is depth 24 TrueColor and try  to
              have all apps use that visual (e.g. some apps have -use24 or -visual options).

       -overlay_nocursor

              Sets  -overlay,  but  does  not  try to draw the exact mouse cursor shape using the
              overlay mechanism.

       -8to24 [opts]

              Try this option if -overlay is not supported on your OS, and you have a legacy 8bpp
              app that you want to view on a multi-depth display with default depth 24 (and is 32
              bpp) OR have a default depth 8 display with depth 24 overlay windows for some apps.
              This  option may not work on all X servers and hardware (tested on XFree86/Xorg mga
              driver and Xsun).  The "opts" string is not required and is described below.

              This mode enables a hack where x11vnc monitors windows within  3  levels  from  the
              root  window.   If  it  finds any that are 8bpp it extracts the indexed color pixel
              values using XGetImage() and then applies a transformation using the colormap(s) to
              create  TrueColor  RGB  values  that  it  in  turn  inserts  into  bits 1-24 of the
              framebuffer.  This creates a depth 24 "view" of the display that is  then  exported
              via VNC.

              Conversely,  for  default  depth  8  displays,  the  depth  24  regions are read by
              XGetImage() and everything is transformed and inserted into a  depth  24  TrueColor
              framebuffer.

              Note that even if there are *no* depth 24 visuals or windows (i.e. pure 8bpp), this
              mode is potentially an improvement over -flashcmap because it avoids  the  flashing
              and shows each window in the correct color.

              This  method works OK, but may still have bugs and it does hog resources.  If there
              are multiple 8bpp windows using different colormaps, one may have  to  iconify  all
              but one for the colors to be correct.

              There may be painting errors for clipping and switching between windows of depths 8
              and 24.  Heuristics are applied to try to minimize the painting  errors.   One  can
              also  press  3  Alt_L's in a row to refresh the screen if the error does not repair
              itself.  Also the option -fixscreen 8=3.0  or  -fixscreen  V=3.0  may  be  used  to
              periodically  refresh  the  screen  at  the cost of bandwidth (every 3 sec for this
              example).

              The [opts] string can  contain  the  following  settings.   Multiple  settings  are
              separated by commas.

              For  for  some  X  servers  with default depth 24 a speedup may be achieved via the
              option "nogetimage".  This enables  a  scheme  were  XGetImage()  is  not  used  to
              retrieve the 8bpp data.  Instead, it assumes that the 8bpp data is in bits 25-32 of
              the 32bit X pixels.  There is no requirement that the X server should put the  data
              there  for our poll requests, but some do and so the extra steps to retrieve it can
              be skipped.  Tested with mga driver with XFree86/Xorg.  For  the  default  depth  8
              case this option is ignored.

              To  adjust how often XGetImage() is used to poll the non-default visual regions for
              changes, use the option "poll=t" where "t" is a  floating  point  time.   (default:
              0.05)

              Setting the option "level2" will limit the search for non-default visual windows to
              two levels from the root window.  Do this on  slow  machines  where  you  know  the
              window  manager  only  imposes one extra window between the app window and the root
              window.

              Also for very slow machines use "cachewin=t" where t is a floating point amount  of
              time  to  cache XGetWindowAttributes results.  E.g. cachewin=5.0.  This may lead to
              the windows being unnoticed for this amount of  time  when  deiconifying,  painting
              errors, etc.

              While  testing  on  a  very  old SS20 these options gave tolerable response: -8to24
              poll=0.2,cachewin=5.0. For this machine -overlay  is  supported  and  gives  better
              response.

              Debugging for this mode can be enabled by setting "dbg=1", "dbg=2", or "dbg=3".

       -24to32

              Very rare problem: if the framebuffer (X display or -rawfb) is 24bpp instead of the
              usual 32bpp, then dynamically transform the pixels to 32bpp.  This will be  slower,
              but can be used to work around problems where VNC viewers cannot handle 24bpp (e.g.
              "main: setPF: not 8, 16 or 32 bpp?").  See the FAQ for more info.

              In the case of -rawfb mode, the pixels are directly modified by inserting a 0  byte
              to  pad  them out to 32bpp.  For X displays, a kludge is done that is equivalent to
              "-noshm -visual TrueColor:32".  (If better performance is needed  for  the  latter,
              feel free to ask).

       -scale fraction

              Scale the framebuffer by factor fraction.  Values less than 1 shrink the fb, larger
              ones expand it. Note: the image may not be sharp and response may  be  slower.   If
              fraction  contains  a  decimal  point  "."  it is taken as a floating point number,
              alternatively the notation "m/n" may be used  to  denote  fractions  exactly,  e.g.
              -scale 2/3

              To  scale  asymmetrically  in the horizontal and vertical directions, specify a WxH
              geometry to stretch to: e.g. '-scale 1024x768', or also '-scale 0.9x0.75'

              Scaling Options: can be added after  fraction  via  ":",  to  supply  multiple  ":"
              options  use  commas.   If  you  just want a quick, rough scaling without blending,
              append ":nb" to fraction (e.g. -scale 1/3:nb).  No blending is the default for 8bpp
              indexed color, to force blending for this case use ":fb".

              To disable -scrollcopyrect and -wirecopyrect under -scale use ":nocr".  If you need
              to to enable them use ":cr" or specify them explicitly on the command line.   If  a
              slow link is detected, ":nocr" may be applied automatically.  Default: :cr

              More  esoteric  options:  for  compatibility  with  vncviewers  the scaled width is
              adjusted to be a multiple of 4: to disable this use ":n4".  ":in" use interpolation
              scheme  even  when shrinking, ":pad" pad scaled width and height to be multiples of
              scaling denominator (e.g. 3 for 2/3).

       -geometry WxH

              Same as -scale WxH

       -scale_cursor frac

              By default if -scale is supplied the cursor shape is scaled  by  the  same  factor.
              Depending  on  your  usage,  you  may want to scale the cursor independently of the
              screen or not at all.  If you specify -scale_cursor the cursor will  be  scaled  by
              that  factor.   When using -scale mode to keep the cursor at its "natural" size use
              "-scale_cursor 1".  Most of the ":" scaling options apply here as well.

       -viewonly

              All VNC clients can only watch (default off).

       -shared

              VNC display is shared, i.e. more than one viewer  can  connect  at  the  same  time
              (default off).

       -once

              Exit  after  the  first  successfully  connected  viewer  disconnects,  opposite of
              -forever. This is the Default.

       -forever

              Keep listening for more connections rather  than  exiting  as  soon  as  the  first
              client(s) disconnect. Same as -many

              To  get  the  standard non-shared VNC behavior where when a new VNC client connects
              the existing VNC client is dropped use:  -nevershared -forever    This  method  can
              also be used to guard against hung TCP connections that do not go away.

       -loop

              Create an outer loop restarting the x11vnc process whenever it terminates.  -bg and
              -inetd are ignored in this mode (however see -loopbg below).

              Useful for continuing even if the X server terminates and restarts (at that  moment
              the process will need permission to reconnect to the new X server of course).

              Use,  e.g.,  -loop100  to  sleep  100  millisecs between restarts, etc.  Default is
              2000ms (i.e. 2 secs) Use, e.g. -loop300,5 to sleep 300 ms and only loop 5 times.

              If -loopbg (plus any numbers) is specified instead, the "-bg" option is implied and
              the  mode  approximates  inetd(8)  usage to some degree.  In this case when it goes
              into the background any listening sockets (i.e. ports 5900, 5800)  are  closed,  so
              the  next  one  in  the  loop can use them.  This mode will only be of use if a VNC
              client (the only client for that process) is already connected before  the  process
              goes  into  the  background,  for  example,  usage  of  -display WAIT:.., -svc, and
              -connect can make use of this "poor man's" inetd mode.  The default  wait  time  is
              500ms in this mode.  This usage could use useful:  -svc -bg -loopbg

       -timeout n

              Exit unless a client connects within the first n seconds after startup.

              If there have been no connection attempts after n seconds x11vnc exits immediately.
              If a client is trying to connect but has not progressed  to  the  normal  operating
              state,  x11vnc  gives it a few more seconds to finish and exits if it does not make
              it to the normal state.

              For reverse connections via -connect or -connect_or_exit a  timeout  of  n  seconds
              will  be  set  for  all  reverse  connects.  If the connect timeout alarm goes off,
              x11vnc will exit immediately.

       -sleepin n

              At startup sleep n seconds before proceeding (e.g. to allow  redirs  and  listening
              clients to start up)

              If  a  range  is  given:  '-sleepin min-max', a random value between min and max is
              slept. E.g. '-sleepin 0-20' and ´-sleepin 10-30'.  Floats are allowed too.

       -inetd

              Launched by inetd(8): stdio instead of listening socket.   Note:  if  you  are  not
              redirecting  stderr to a log file (via shell 2> or -o option) you MUST also specify
              the -q option, otherwise the stderr goes to the  viewer  which  will  cause  it  to
              abort.   Specifying  both  -inetd  and  -q  and  no -o will automatically close the
              stderr.

              If the libvncserver used supports non AF_INET sockets (the one  bundled  in  x11vnc
              0.9.13  and  later  does),  then  -inetd mode can be used for a raw stdio pipe. For
              example, using the SSVNC viewer exec=... mechanism:

              ssvnc -viewer exec="ssh -tt -e none user@host \ ´x11vnc -inetd -o log.txt  -display
              :0'"

              where  the  long  cmdline  has been split.  In the above the only TCP connection is
              that of the ssh connection.  There is no port redirection (-L), etc.; raw stdio  is
              used on both sides of the ssh.  In some cases the -tt option is not needed.

       -tightfilexfer

              Enable  the  TightVNC  file  transfer  extension. Note that that when the -viewonly
              option is supplied all file transfers are  disabled.   Also  clients  that  log  in
              viewonly  cannot  transfer files.  However, if the remote control mechanism is used
              to change the global or per-client viewonly state the filetransfer permissions will
              NOT change.

              IMPORTANT:  please  understand if -tightfilexfer is specified and you run x11vnc as
              root for, say, inetd or display manager (gdm, kdm, ...) access and you do not  have
              it switch users via the -users option, then VNC Viewers that connect are able to do
              filetransfer reads and writes as *root*.

              Also, tightfilexfer is disabled in -unixpw mode.

       -ultrafilexfer

              Note: to enable UltraVNC filetransfer and to get it to work you  probably  need  to
              supply   these   LibVNCServer   options:   "-rfbversion   3.6  -permitfiletransfer"
              "-ultrafilexfer" is an alias for this combination.

              IMPORTANT: please understand if -ultrafilexfer is specified and you run  x11vnc  as
              root  for, say, inetd or display manager (gdm, kdm, ...) access and you do not have
              it switch users via the -users option, then VNC Viewers that connect are able to do
              filetransfer reads and writes as *root*.

              Note  that  sadly  you cannot do both -tightfilexfer and -ultrafilexfer at the same
              time because the latter requires setting the version to 3.6 and tightvnc  will  not
              do filetransfer when it sees that version number.

       -http

              Instead  of  using  -httpdir (see below) to specify where the Java vncviewer applet
              is, have x11vnc try to *guess* where the directory is by looking  relative  to  the
              program  location and in standard locations (/usr/local/share/x11vnc/classes, etc).
              Under -ssl or -stunnel the ssl classes subdirectory is sought.

       -http_ssl

              As -http, but force lookup for ssl classes subdir.

              Note  that  for   HTTPS,   single-port   Java   applet   delivery   you   can   set
              X11VNC_HTTPS_DOWNLOAD_WAIT_TIME to the max number of seconds to wait for the applet
              download to finish.  The default is 15.

       -avahi

              Use the Avahi/mDNS ZeroConf protocol to advertise this  VNC  server  to  the  local
              network.  (Related  terms:  Rendezvous, Bonjour).  Depending on your setup, you may
              need to start avahi-daemon and open udp port 5353 in your firewall.

              You  can  set  X11VNC_AVAHI_NAME,   X11VNC_AVAHI_HOST,   and/or   X11VNC_AVAHI_PORT
              environment   variables   to  override  the  default  values.   For  example:  -env
              X11VNC_AVAHI_NAME=wally

              If the avahi API cannot be found at  build  time,  a  helper  program  like  avahi-
              publish(1) or dns- sd(1) will be tried

       -mdns

              Same as -avahi.

       -zeroconf

              Same as -avahi.

       -connect string

              For  use  with  "vncviewer  -listen"  reverse  connections.  If string has the form
              "host" or "host:port" the connection is made once at startup.

              Use commas for a list of host's and  host:port's.   E.g.  -connect  host1,host2  or
              host1:0,host2:5678.   Note  that  to  reverse connect to multiple hosts at the same
              time you will likely need to also supply: -shared

              Note that unlike most vnc servers, x11vnc will require a password  for  reverse  as
              well  as  for  forward  connections.   (provided  password  auth  has been enabled,
              -rfbauth, etc) If you do not want to require a password for reverse connections set
              X11VNC_REVERSE_CONNECTION_NO_AUTH=1 in your environment before starting x11vnc.

              If  string  contains  "/" it is instead interpreted as a file to periodically check
              for new hosts.  The first line is read and then the file is truncated.  Be  careful
              about  the  location  of  this file if x11vnc is running as root (e.g. via gdm(1) ,
              etc).

              Repeater  mode:   Some   services   provide   an   intermediate   "vnc   repeater":
              http://www.uvnc.com/addons/repeater.html  (and  also http://koti.mbnet.fi/jtko/ for
              linux port) that acts as a proxy/gateway.  Modes  like  these  require  an  initial
              string  to  be  sent for the reverse connection before the VNC protocol is started.
              Here are the ways to do this:

              -connect pre=some_string+host:port -connect  pre128=some_string+host:port  -connect
              repeater=ID:1234+host:port -connect repeater=23.45.67.89::5501+host:port

              SSVNC notation is also supported:

              -connect repeater://host:port+ID:1234

              As  with  normal  -connect  usage,  if  the  repeater  port is not supplied 5500 is
              assumed.

              The basic idea is between the special tag, e.g. "pre=" and "+" is the pre-string to
              be  sent.   Note  that  in  this case host:port is the repeater server, NOT the vnc
              viewer.  Somehow the pre-string tells the repeater  server  how  to  find  the  vnc
              viewer and connect you to it.

              In  the  case  pre=some_string+host:port, "some_string" is simply sent. In the case
              preNNN=some_string+host:port "some_string" is sent  in  a  null  padded  buffer  of
              length NNN.  repeater= is the same as pre250=, this is the ultravnc repeater buffer
              size.

              Strings like "\n" and "\r", etc. are expanded to newline and carriage return.  "\c"
              is expanded to "," since the connect string is comma separated.

              See also the -proxy option below for additional ways to plumb reverse connections.

              Reverse  SSL:  using  -connect  in  -ssl  mode  makes  x11vnc  act as an SSL client
              (initiates SSL connection) rather than an SSL server.  The idea is x11vnc might  be
              connecting to stunnel on the viewer side with the viewer in listening mode.  If you
              do not want this behavior, use -env  X11VNC_DISABLE_SSL_CLIENT_MODE=1.   With  this
              the  viewer  side  can  act  as  the  SSL  client  as  it normally does for forward
              connections.

              Reverse SSL Repeater mode:  This will work, but note that if the  VNC  Client  does
              any  sort of a 'Fetch Cert' action before connecting, then the Repeater will likely
              drop the connection and both sides will need  to  restart.   Consider  the  use  of
              -connect_or_exit and -loop300,2 to have x11vnc reconnect once to the repeater after
              the fetch.  You will probably also want to supply -sslonly to avoid x11vnc thinking
              the   delay   in   response   means  the  connection  is  VeNCrypt.   The  env  var
              X11VNC_DISABLE_SSL_CLIENT_MODE=1 discussed above  may  also  be  useful  (i.e.  the
              viewer can do a forward connection as it normally does.)

              IPv6:  as  of  x11vnc  0.9.10  the  -connect  option  should  connect to IPv6 hosts
              properly.  If there are problems you can disable IPv6 by setting -DX11VNC_IPV6=0 in
              CPPFLAGS  when  configuring.  If there problems connecting to IPv6 hosts consider a
              relay like the included inet6to4 script or the -proxy option.

       -connect_or_exit str

              As with -connect, except if none of the reverse connections  succeed,  then  x11vnc
              shuts down immediately

              An easier to type alias for this option is '-coe'

              By  the  way,  if  you do not want x11vnc to listen on ANY interface use -rfbport 0
              which is handy for the -connect_or_exit mode.

       -proxy string

              Use proxy in string (e.g. host:port) as a  proxy  for  making  reverse  connections
              (-connect or -connect_or_exit options).

              Web  proxies  are  supported,  but  note  by  default  most  of  them  only support
              destination connections to ports 443 or 563, so this might not be very useful  (the
              viewer  would  need  to  listen  on that port or the router would have to do a port
              redirection).

              A web proxy may be specified by either "host:port" or "http://host:port" (the  port
              is required even if it is the common choices 80 or 8080)

              SOCKS4, SOCKS4a, and SOCKS5 are also supported.  SOCKS proxies normally do not have
              restrictions on the destination port number.

              Use a format like this: socks://host:port or socks5://host:port.  Note that ssh  -D
              does  not  support  SOCKS4a,  so  use  socks5://.  For socks:// SOCKS4 is used on a
              numerical IP and "localhost", otherwise SOCKS4a is used (and so the proxy tries  to
              do the DNS lookup).

              An  experimental mode is "-proxy http://host:port/..."  Note the "/" after the port
              that distinguishes it from a normal web proxy.  The port must be supplied  even  if
              it  is  the  default  80.  For this mode a GET is done to the supplied URL with the
              string host=H&port=P appended.  H and P will be the -connect reverse  connect  host
              and  port.  Use the string "__END__" to disable the appending.  The basic idea here
              is that maybe some cgi script provides the actual  viewer  hookup  and  tunnelling.
              How  to  actually  achieve this within cgi, php, etc. is not clear...  A custom web
              server or apache module would be straight-forward.

              Another experimental mode is "-proxy ssh://user@host" in which case a SSH tunnel is
              used  for  the  proxying.   "user@"  is  not  needed  unless  your unix username is
              different on "host".  For a non-standard SSH  port  use  ssh://user@host:port.   If
              proxies  are  chained  (see next paragraph) then the ssh one must be the first one.
              If ssh-agent is not active, then the ssh  password  needs  to  be  entered  in  the
              terminal where x11vnc is running.  Examples:

              -connect localhost:0 -proxy ssh://me@friends-pc:2222

              -connect snoopy:0 -proxy ssh://ssh.company.com

              Multiple  proxies  may  be  chained together in case one needs to ricochet off of a
              number of hosts to finally reach the VNC viewer.  Up to 3 may be chained,  separate
              them   by   commas   in   the   order   they   are   to  be  connected  to.   E.g.:
              http://host1:port1,socks5://host2:port2 or three like:  first,second,third

              IPv6: as of x11vnc 0.9.10 the -proxy option should connect to IPv6 hosts  properly.
              If  there  are problems you can disable IPv6 by setting -DX11VNC_IPV6=0 in CPPFLAGS
              when configuring.  If there problems connecting to IPv6 hosts consider a relay like
              the included inet6to4 script.

       -vncconnect, -novncconnect

              Monitor  the  VNC_CONNECT X property set by the standard VNC program vncconnect(1).
              When the property is set to "host" or "host:port" establish a  reverse  connection.
              Using  xprop(1)  instead of vncconnect may work (see the FAQ).  The -remote control
              mechanism uses X11VNC_REMOTE channel, and this option disables/enables it as  well.
              Default: -vncconnect

              To   use   different  names  for  these  X11  properties  (e.g.  to  have  separate
              communication  channels  for  multiple  x11vnc's  on  the  same  display)  set  the
              VNC_CONNECT  or  X11VNC_REMOTE env. vars. to the string you want, for example: -env
              X11VNC_REMOTE=X11VNC_REMOTE_12345 Both sides of  the  channel  must  use  the  same
              unique  name.   The  same  can  be  done  for  the  internal X11VNC_TICKER property
              (heartbeat and timestamp) if desired.

       -allow host1[,host2..]

              Only allow client connections from hosts  matching  the  comma  separated  list  of
              hostnames  or  IP  addresses.   By  ending  in a ".", it can also be a numerical IP
              prefix, e.g. "192.168.100." to match  a  simple  subnet,  for  more  control  build
              LibVNCServer  with  libwrap  support  (See the FAQ).  If the list contains a "/" it
              instead is a interpreted as a file containing addresses or prefixes that is re-read
              each time a new client connects.  Lines can be commented out with the "#" character
              in the usual way.

              -allow applies in -ssl mode, but not in -stunnel mode.

              IPv6: as of x11vnc 0.9.10 a host can be specified in IPv6  numerical  format,  e.g.
              2001:4860:b009::93

              Env.  vars:  Set  -env X11VNC_DEBUG_ACCESS=1 to print out debugging info during the
              check_access() call.  Set -env X11VNC_ALLOW_FULLMATCH=1  to  force  a  full  string
              match, that is, no subnet "." matching will be performed.

              Unix  sockets: if -unixsock is being used and you want to limit TCP access also you
              must also include the path to the unix socket prefixed with "unix="  in  the  allow
              list, e.g.: -allow 192.168.100.3,unix=/tmp/mysock If the socket is not a named one,
              e.g. created via socketpair(2) with -inetd, then you must supply the  generic  name
              x11vnc gives to it, e.g. -allow 192.168.100.3,UNNAMED_AF_UNIX In both cases it must
              be an exact string match to be allowed to connect.  Note that since you  completely
              control  these local non-TCP access methods by file system permissions, etc., it is
              not useful to guard against them with -allow, however you still need to  have  them
              in the allow list to let them connect.

       -localhost

              Basically the same as "-allow 127.0.0.1".

              Note:  if  you  want to restrict which network interface x11vnc listens on, see the
              -listen option below.  E.g. "-listen localhost" or "-listen  192.168.3.21".   As  a
              special case, the option "-localhost" implies "-listen localhost".

              A  rare  case,  but  for non-localhost -listen usage, if you use the remote control
              mechanism (-R) to change the -listen interface you may need to manually adjust  the
              -allow list (and vice versa) to avoid situations where no connections (or too many)
              are allowed.

              If you do not want x11vnc to listen on ANY TCP interface (evidently you  are  using
              -connect or -connect_or_exit, or plan to use remote control: -R connect:host, or to
              use -unixsock), specify -rfbport 0

              IPv6: if IPv6 is supported, this option automatically  implies  the  IPv6  loopback
              address '::1' as well.

       -unixsock str

              In  addition to the regular TCP port, listen on the unix socket (AF_UNIX) 'str' for
              incoming connections.  This mode is  for  either  local  connections  or  a  tunnel
              endpoint  where  one wants the file permission of the unix socket file to determine
              what can connect to it.  Example:  mkdir  ~/s;  chmod  700  ~/s;  x11vnc  -unixsock
              ~/s/mysock  -rfbport  0  ...   same  as:  x11vnc -unixsockonly ~/s/mysock ...  (see
              -unixsockonly below.)

              This mode currently requires the modified libvncserver bundled in  the  the  x11vnc
              0.9.13 tarball and later.

              Note  that the SSVNC unix vncviewer can connect to unix sockets, for example: ssvnc
              -viewer unix=./s/mysock

              As a special mechanism, if 'str' for either -unixsock or -unixsockonly  is  of  the
              form  "fd=n"  where n is a non-negative decimal integer, then instead of creating a
              unix socket, that file descriptor (assumed  already  opened  and  O_RDWR)  will  be
              attached  as  a  VNC  client.   Perhaps the program that execs x11vnc has created a
              socketpair(2) to  communicate  over.   Use  this  mechanism  if  -inetd  (which  is
              basically fd=0) is not flexible enough for you.

       -unixsockonly str

              Listen on unix socket 'str' only, no TCP ports. First note that one can disable all
              tcp listening ports by specifying '-rfbport 0'. The option '-unixsockonly  str'  is
              functionally equivalent to '-unixsock str -rfbport 0'

       -listen6 str

              When  in  IPv6  listen mode "-6", listen only on the network interface with address
              str.  It also works for link scope  addresses  (fe80::219:dbff:fee5:3f92%eth0)  and
              IPv6  hostname strings (e.g. ipv6.google.com.)  Use LibVNCServer -listen option for
              the IPv4 interface.

       -nolookup

              Do not use gethostbyname() or gethostbyaddr() to look up host names or IP  numbers.
              Use  this if name resolution is incorrectly set up and leads to long pauses as name
              lookups time out, etc.

       -input string

              Fine tuning of allowed user input.  If string does not  contain  a  comma  ","  the
              tuning applies only to normal clients.  Otherwise the part before "," is for normal
              clients and the part after for view-only clients.  "K" is for Keystroke input,  "M"
              for Mouse-motion input, "B" for Button-click input, "C" is for Clipboard input, and
              "F" is for File transfer (ultravnc only).  Their presence  in  the  string  enables
              that type of input.  E.g. "-input M" means normal users can only move the mouse and
              "-input KMBCF,M" lets normal users do anything and enables view-only users to  move
              the  mouse.  This option is ignored when a global -viewonly is in effect (all input
              is discarded in that case).

       -grabkbd

              When VNC viewers are connected, attempt  to  the  grab  the  keyboard  so  a  (non-
              malicious)  user  sitting  at the physical display is not able to enter keystrokes.
              This method uses XGrabKeyboard(3X11) and so it is not secure and does not rule  out
              the person at the physical display injecting keystrokes by flooding the server with
              them, grabbing the keyboard himself, etc.  Some  degree  of  cooperation  from  the
              person  at  the  display  is  assumed.   This  is  intended for remote help-desk or
              educational usage modes.

              Note: on some recent (12/2010) X servers and/or desktops, -grabkbd no longer works:
              it  prevents  the  window  manager  from  resizing windows and similar things.  Try
              -ungrabboth below (might not work.)

       -grabptr

              As -grabkbd, but for the mouse pointer using XGrabPointer(3X11).  Unfortunately due
              to  the  way the X server works, the mouse can still be moved around by the user at
              the physical display, but he will not be able to change window focus with it.  Also
              some  window managers that call XGrabServer(3X11) for resizes, etc, will act on the
              local user's input.  Again, some degree of  cooperation  from  the  person  at  the
              display is assumed.

       -ungrabboth

              Whenever  there  is  any  input  (either  keyboard  or  pointer), ungrab *both* the
              keyboard and the pointer while injecting the synthetic input.   This  is  to  allow
              window managers, etc. a chance to grab.

       -grabalways

              Apply  both  -grabkbd  and -grabptr even when no VNC viewers are connected.  If you
              only want one of them, use the -R remote control to turn the other back on, e.g. -R
              nograbptr.

              (PASSWORDS:  Note  that  the  LibVNCServer  password  options  "-rfbauth  file" and
              "-passwd str" are described at the bottom of the help output.)

       -viewpasswd string

              Supply a 2nd password for view-only logins.   The  -passwd  (full-access)  password
              must also be supplied.

       -passwdfile filename

              Specify  the LibVNCServer password via the first line of the file filename (instead
              of via -passwd on the command line where others might see it via ps(1) ).

              See the  descriptions  below  for  how  to  supply  multiple  passwords,  view-only
              passwords, to specify external programs for the authentication, and other features.

              If  the  filename  is  prefixed  with  "rm:"  it  will be removed after being read.
              Perhaps this is useful in limiting the readability of the file.   In  general,  the
              password  file  should  not be readable by untrusted users (BTW: neither should the
              VNC -rfbauth file: it is NOT encrypted, only obscured with a fixed key).

              If the filename is prefixed with  "read:"  it  will  periodically  be  checked  for
              changes  and reread.  It is guaranteed to be reread just when a new client connects
              so that the latest passwords will be used.

              If filename is prefixed with "cmd:" then the string after the  ":"  is  run  as  an
              external  command: the output of the command will be interpreted as if it were read
              from a password file (see below).  If the command does not exit with 0, then x11vnc
              terminates  immediately.   To  specify  more  than  1000  passwords  this  way  set
              X11VNC_MAX_PASSWDS before starting x11vnc.  The environment variables are set as in
              -accept.

              Note  that  due  to  the VNC protocol only the first 8 characters of a password are
              used (DES key).

              If filename is prefixed with "custom:" then a custom password checker  is  supplied
              as  an  external  command  following the ":". The command will be run when a client
              authenticates.  If the command exits with 0 the client is accepted, otherwise it is
              rejected.  The environment variables are set as in -accept.

              The  standard input to the custom command will be a decimal digit "len" followed by
              a newline. "len" specifies the challenge size and is usually  16  (the  VNC  spec).
              Then  follows  len  bytes which is the random challenge string that was sent to the
              client. This is then followed by len more bytes holding the client's response (i.e.
              the  challenge  string  encrypted  via  DES  with the user password in the standard
              situation).

              The "custom:" scheme can be useful to implement dynamic passwords or  to  implement
              methods  where  longer  passwords  and/or different encryption algorithms are used.
              The latter will require customizing the VNC client as well.  One  could  create  an
              MD5SUM based scheme for example.  See also -unixpw_cmd below.

              File format for -passwdfile:

              If  multiple  non-blank  lines  exist  in  the  file  they  are  all taken as valid
              passwords.  Blank lines  are  ignored.   Password  lines  may  be  "commented  out"
              (ignored)  if  they  begin  with  the character "#" or the line contains the string
              "__SKIP__".  Lines may be annotated by use of the "__COMM__" string: from it to the
              end of the line is ignored.  An empty password may be specified via the "__EMPTY__"
              string on a line by itself (note your viewer might not accept empty passwords).

              If the string "__BEGIN_VIEWONLY__" appears on  a  line  by  itself,  the  remaining
              passwords  are  used  for viewonly access.  For compatibility, as a special case if
              the file contains only two password lines the 2nd one is automatically taken as the
              viewonly  password.   Otherwise the "__BEGIN_VIEWONLY__" token must be used to have
              viewonly passwords.  (tip: make the 3rd and last line  be  "__BEGIN_VIEWONLY__"  to
              have 2 full-access passwords)

       -showrfbauth filename

              Print to the screen the obscured VNC password kept in the rfbauth file filename and
              then exit.

       -usepw

              If no other password method was supplied  on  the  command  line,  first  look  for
              ~/.vnc/passwd  and  if found use it with -rfbauth; next, look for ~/.vnc/passwdfile
              and use it with -passwdfile; otherwise, prompt the user for a  password  to  create
              ~/.vnc/passwd and use it with the -rfbauth option.  If none of these succeed x11vnc
              exits immediately.

       -storepasswd pass file

              Store password pass as the VNC password in the file file.   Once  the  password  is
              stored the program exits.  Use the password via "-rfbauth file"

              If  called  with  no  arguments,  "x11vnc -storepasswd", the user is prompted for a
              password and it is stored in the file ~/.vnc/passwd.   Called  with  one  argument,
              that will be the file to store the prompted password in.

       -nopw

              Disable the big warning message when you use x11vnc without some sort of password.

       -accept string

              Run a command (possibly to prompt the user at the X11 display) to decide whether an
              incoming client should be allowed to connect or not.  string is an external command
              run  via  system(3) or some special cases described below.  Be sure to quote string
              if it contains spaces, shell characters, etc.  If the external  command  returns  0
              the  client  is  accepted,  otherwise  the  client  is  rejected.  See below for an
              extension to accept a client view-only.

              If x11vnc is running as root (say from inetd(8) or from display managers  xdm(1)  ,
              gdm(1)  ,  etc),  think  about the security implications carefully before supplying
              this option (likewise for the -gone option).

              Environment: The RFB_CLIENT_IP environment variable will be  set  to  the  incoming
              client  IP  number  and  the  port  in  RFB_CLIENT_PORT  (or  -1  if  unavailable).
              Similarly, RFB_SERVER_IP and RFB_SERVER_PORT (the x11vnc side of  the  connection),
              are  set to allow identification of the tcp virtual circuit.  The x11vnc process id
              will be in RFB_X11VNC_PID, a client id number in RFB_CLIENT_ID, and the  number  of
              other connected clients in RFB_CLIENT_COUNT.  RFB_MODE will be "accept".  RFB_STATE
              will be PROTOCOL_VERSION, SECURITY_TYPE, AUTHENTICATION, INITIALISATION, NORMAL, or
              UNKNOWN  indicating  up to which state the client has achieved.  RFB_LOGIN_VIEWONLY
              will be 0, 1, or -1 (unknown).  RFB_USERNAME, RFB_LOGIN_TIME, and  RFB_CURRENT_TIME
              may also be set.

              If  string is "popup" then a builtin popup window is used.  The popup will time out
              after 120 seconds, use "popup:N" to modify the timeout to N seconds (use 0  for  no
              timeout).

              In  the  case  of "popup" and when the -unixpw option is specified, then a *second*
              window will be popped up after the user successfully logs in via his UNIX password.
              This time the user will be identified as UNIX:username@hostname, the "UNIX:" prefix
              indicates which user the viewer logged as via -unixpw.  The first popup is only for
              whether to allow him to even *try* to login via unix password.

              If  string  is  "xmessage"  then an xmessage(1) invocation is used for the command.
              xmessage must be installed on the machine for this to work.

              Both "popup" and "xmessage" will present an option for accepting the client  "View-
              Only"  (the client can only watch).  This option will not be presented if -viewonly
              has been specified, in which case the entire display is view only.

              If the user supplied command is prefixed  with  something  like  "yes:0,no:*,view:3
              mycommand  ..."  then  this  associates  the numerical command return code with the
              actions: accept, reject, and accept-view-only, respectively.  Use "*" instead of  a
              number  to  indicate  the default action (in case the command returns an unexpected
              value).  E.g. "no:*" is a good choice.

              Note that x11vnc blocks while the external  command  or  popup  is  running  (other
              clients may see no updates during this period).  So a person sitting a the physical
              display is needed to respond to an popup prompt. (use a  2nd  x11vnc  if  you  lock
              yourself out).

              More  -accept  tricks:  use  "popupmouse" to only allow mouse clicks in the builtin
              popup to be recognized.  Similarly  use  "popupkey"  to  only  recognize  keystroke
              responses.   These  are  to  help avoid the user accidentally accepting a client by
              typing or clicking. All 3 of the popup keywords can be followed by +N+M to supply a
              position for the popup window.  The default is to center the popup window.

       -afteraccept string

              As  -accept, except to run a user supplied command after a client has been accepted
              and authenticated. RFB_MODE will be  set  to  "afteraccept"  and  the  other  RFB_*
              variables  are  as  in  -accept.   Unlike  -accept,  the command return code is not
              interpreted by x11vnc.  Example: -afteraccept 'killall xlock &'

       -gone string

              As -accept, except to  run  a  user  supplied  command  when  a  client  goes  away
              (disconnects).  RFB_MODE will be set to "gone" and the other RFB_* variables are as
              in -accept.  The "popup" actions apply as well.  Unlike -accept, the command return
              code is not interpreted by x11vnc.  Example: -gone 'xlock &'

       -unixpw [list]

              Use  Unix  username and password authentication.  x11vnc will use the su(1) program
              to verify the user's password.  [list] is  an  optional  comma  separated  list  of
              allowed  Unix  usernames.   If the [list] string begins with the character "!" then
              the entire list is taken as an exclude list.  See below for per-user  options  that
              can be applied.

              A  familiar  "login:"  and  "Password:"  dialog is presented to the user on a black
              screen inside the vncviewer.  The connection is dropped if the user fails to supply
              the  correct  password  in 3 tries or does not send one before a 45 second timeout.
              Existing clients are view-only during this period.

              If the first character received is "Escape" then the  unix  username  will  not  be
              displayed after "login:" as it is typed.  This could be of use for VNC viewers that
              automatically type the username and password.

              Since the detailed behavior of  su(1)  can  vary  from  OS  to  OS  and  for  local
              configurations,  test  the  mode  before  deployment  to  make  sure  it is working
              properly.  x11vnc will attempt to be conservative and reject a  login  if  anything
              abnormal occurs.

              One  case  to note: FreeBSD and the other BSD's by default it is impossible for the
              user running x11vnc to validate his *own* password via su(1)  (commenting  out  the
              pam_self.so  entry in /etc/pam.d/su eliminates this behavior).  So the x11vnc login
              will always *FAIL* for this case (even when the correct password is supplied).

              A possible workaround for this on *BSD would be to start x11vnc as  root  with  the
              "-users  +nobody" option to immediately switch to user nobody where the su'ing will
              proceed normally.

              Another source of potential problems are PAM modules that prompt  for  extra  info,
              e.g.  password aging modules.  These logins will fail as well even when the correct
              password is supplied.

              **IMPORTANT**: to prevent the Unix password being sent in  *clear  text*  over  the
              network,  one  of two schemes will be enforced: 1) the -ssl builtin SSL mode, or 2)
              require both -localhost and -stunnel be enabled.

              Method 1) ensures the traffic is encrypted between viewer and server.  A  PEM  file
              will  be  required, see the discussion under -ssl below (under some circumstances a
              temporary one can be automatically generated).

              Method 2) requires the viewer connection to appear to come from  the  same  machine
              x11vnc  is running on (e.g. from a ssh -L port redirection).  And that the -stunnel
              SSL mode be used for encryption over the network. (see the description of  -stunnel
              below).

              Note:  as  a  convenience,  if  you ssh(1) in and start x11vnc it will check if the
              environment variable SSH_CONNECTION is set and appears  reasonable.   If  it  does,
              then  the  -ssl or -stunnel requirement will be dropped since it is assumed you are
              using ssh for the encrypted tunnelling.  -localhost is still enforced.  Use -ssl or
              -stunnel to force SSL usage even if SSH_CONNECTION is set.

              To  override  the  above  restrictions  you  can  set  environment variables before
              starting x11vnc:

              Set UNIXPW_DISABLE_SSL=1 to disable requiring either -ssl  or  -stunnel  (as  under
              SSH_CONNECTION.)   Evidently  you  will  be using a different method to encrypt the
              data between the vncviewer and x11vnc: perhaps ssh(1) or an IPSEC  VPN.  -localhost
              is still enforced (however, see the next paragraph.)

              Set  UNIXPW_DISABLE_LOCALHOST=1  to  disable  the -localhost requirement in -unixpw
              modes.  One should never do this (i.e. allow the Unix passwords to  be  sniffed  on
              the network.)  This also disables the localhost requirement for reverse connections
              (see below.)

              Note that use of -localhost with ssh(1) (and no -unixpw) is  roughly  the  same  as
              requiring  a  Unix  user  login  (since  a  Unix  password or the user's public key
              authentication is used by sshd on the machine where  x11vnc  runs  and  only  local
              connections from that machine are accepted).

              Regarding  reverse  connections  (e.g. -R connect:host and -connect host), when the
              -localhost constraint is in effect then reverse connections can  only  be  used  to
              connect to the same machine x11vnc is running on (default port 5500).  Please use a
              ssh or stunnel port redirection  to  the  viewer  machine  to  tunnel  the  reverse
              connection over an encrypted channel.

              In  -inetd mode the Method 1) will be enforced (not Method 2).  With -ssl in effect
              reverse connections are disabled.  If you override this via env. var,  be  sure  to
              also  use  encryption  from  the  viewer to inetd.  Tip: you can also have your own
              stunnel spawn x11vnc in -inetd mode (thereby bypassing inetd).   See  the  FAQ  for
              details.

              The user names in the comma separated [list] may have per-user options after a ":",
              e.g. "fred:opts" where "opts" is a "+" separated list of "viewonly",  "fullaccess",
              "input=XXXX",  or "deny", e.g. "karl,wally:viewonly,boss:input=M".  For "input=" it
              is the K,M,B,C described under -input.

              If an item in the list is "*" that means those options apply to all users.  It ALSO
              implies  all  users  are  allowed  to log in after supplying a valid password.  Use
              "deny" to explicitly deny some users if you use "*" to set  a  global  option.   If
              [list]  begins  with the "!" character then "*" is ignored for checking if the user
              is allowed, but the option values associated with it do apply as normal.

              There are also some utilities for checking passwords if [list] starts with the  "%"
              character.   See  the  quick_pw()  function for more details.  Description: "%-" or
              "%stdin" means read one line from stdin. "%stdin2" means read the username from the
              first  stdin line and the password from the seconde stdin line.  "%env" means it is
              in $UNIXPW env var.  A leading "%/" or "%." means read  the  first  line  from  the
              filename  that  follows  after  the  %  character. % by itself means prompt for the
              username and password.  Otherwise: %user:pass   E.g.  -unixpw  %fred:swordfish  For
              the  other  cases  user:pass is read from the indicated source.  If the password is
              correct ´Y user' is printed and the program exit code is 0.   If  the  password  is
              incorrect  it prints 'N user' and the exit code is 1.  If there is some other error
              the exit code is 2.  This feature enables x11vnc to be a general unix user password
              checking  tool;  it could be used from scripts or other programs.  These % password
              checks also apply to the -unixpw_nis and -unixpw_cmd options.

              For the % password check, if the env. var. UNIXPW_CMD is set to a command  then  it
              is  run  as the user (assuming the password is correct.)  The output of the command
              is not printed, the program or script must manage that by some  other  means.   The
              exit code of x11vnc will depend on the exit code of the command that is run.

              Use  -nounixpw  to  disable  unixpw  mode if it was enabled earlier in the cmd line
              (e.g. -svc mode)

       -unixpw_nis [list]

              As -unixpw above,  however  do  not  use  su(1)  but  rather  use  the  traditional
              getpwnam(3) + crypt(3) method to verify passwords. All of the above -unixpw options
              and constraints apply.

              This mode requires that the encrypted passwords be readable.   Encrypted  passwords
              stored in /etc/shadow will be inaccessible unless x11vnc is run as root.

              This  is  called  "NIS"  mode  simply  because  in  most  NIS setups user encrypted
              passwords are accessible (e.g. "ypcat passwd") by an ordinary user and so that user
              can authenticate ANY user.

              NIS  is  not  required  for  this  mode  to  work (only that getpwnam(3) return the
              encrypted password is required), but it is unlikely it will work  (as  an  ordinary
              user)  for  most  modern  environments unless NIS is available.  On the other hand,
              when x11vnc is run as root it will be able to to access /etc/shadow even if NIS  is
              not  available  (note  running as root is often done when running x11vnc from inetd
              and xdm/gdm/kdm).

              Looked at another way, if you do not want to  use  the  su(1)  method  provided  by
              -unixpw  (i.e.  su_verify()),  you can run x11vnc as root and use -unixpw_nis.  Any
              users with passwords in /etc/shadow can then be authenticated.

              In -unixpw_nis mode, under no circumstances is  x11vnc's  user  password  verifying
              function  based  on su called (i.e. the function su_verify() that runs /bin/su in a
              pseudoterminal  to  verify  passwords.)   However,  if  -unixpw_nis  is   used   in
              conjunction  with  the -find and -create -display WAIT:... modes then, if x11vnc is
              running as root, /bin/su may be  called  externally  to  run  the  find  or  create
              commands.

       -unixpw_cmd cmd

              As  -unixpw  above, however do not use su(1) but rather run the externally supplied
              command cmd.  The first line of its stdin will be the username and the second  line
              the  received  password.  If the command exits with status 0 (success) the VNC user
              will be accepted.  It will be rejected for any other return status.

              Dynamic passwords and non-unix passwords, e.g. LDAP, can be implemented this way by
              providing  your  own custom helper program.  Note that the remote viewer is given 3
              tries to enter the correct password, and so the program may be called in a row that
              many (or more) times.

              If a list of allowed users is needed to limit who can log in, use -unixpw [list] in
              addition to this option.

              In FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY modes the  cmd  will  also  be  run  with  the
              RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN  env.  var.   non-empty  and  set  to  the corresponding display
              find/create command.  The first two lines of input are the username and  passwd  as
              in  the normal case described above.  To support FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY,
              cmd should run the requested command as the user (and most likely refusing  to  run
              it  if  the  password  is  not  correct.)  Here is an example script (note it has a
              hardwired bogus password "abc"!)

              #!/bin/sh # Example x11vnc -unixpw_cmd script.  # Read the first two lines of stdin
              (user and passwd) read user read pass

              debug=0 if [ $debug = 1 ]; then echo "user: $user" 1>&2 echo "pass: $pass" 1>&2 env
              | egrep -i 'rfb|vnc' 1>&2 fi

              # Check if the password is valid.  # (A real example would use ldap  lookup,  etc!)
              if [ "X$pass" != "Xabc" ]; then exit 1    # incorrect password fi

              if  [  "X$RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" = "X" ]; then exit 0    # correct password else # Run
              the  requested  command  (finddisplay)  if  [  $debug  =  1  ];  then  echo   "run:
              $RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN"  1>&2  fi  exec  /bin/su - "$user" -c "$RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" fi
              exit 1

              In -unixpw_cmd mode, under no circumstances is  x11vnc's  user  password  verifying
              function  based  on su called (i.e. the function su_verify() that runs /bin/su in a
              pseudoterminal to verify passwords.)  It is up to the  supplied  unixpw_cmd  to  do
              user switching if desired and if it has the permissions to do so.

              See  also  "-passwdfile  custom:..."  above  for  a  non unix username based custom
              password checking interface.

       -find

              Find the  user's  display  using  FINDDISPLAY.  This  is  an  alias  for  "-display
              WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY".

              Note:  if  a  -display  occurs later on the command line it will override the -find
              setting.

              For this and the next few options see -display  WAIT:...   below  for  all  of  the
              details.

       -finddpy

              Run the FINDDISPLAY program, print out the found display (if any) and exit.  Output
              is like: DISPLAY=:0.0 DISPLAY=:0.0,XPID=12345 or DISPLAY=:0.0,VT=7.   XPID  is  the
              process  ID  of  the  found  X  server.   VT is the Linux virtual terminal of the X
              server.

       -listdpy

              Have the FINDDISPLAY program list all of your displays (i.e. all the X displays  on
              the local machine that you have access rights to).  x11vnc then exits.

       -findauth [disp]

              Apply the -find/-finddpy heuristics to try to guess the XAUTHORITY file for DISPLAY
              'disp'.  If 'disp' is not supplied, then the value in the -display on  the  cmdline
              is used; failing that $DISPLAY is used; and failing that ":0" is used.  x11vnc then
              exits.

              If nothing is printed out, that means no XAUTHORITY  was  found  for  'disp';  i.e.
              failure.   If "XAUTHORITY=" is printed out, that means use the default (i.e. do not
              set XAUTHORITY).  If "XAUTHORITY=/path/to/file" is printed out, then use that file.

              XDM/GDM/KDM: if you are running x11vnc as root and  want  to  find  the  XAUTHORITY
              before anyone has logged into an X session yet, use: x11vnc -env FD_XDM=1 -findauth
              ...  (This will also find the XAUTHORITY if a user is already  logged  into  the  X
              session.)   When  running  as root, FD_XDM=1 will be tried if the initial -findauth
              fails.

       -create

              First try to find the user's display using FINDDISPLAY,  if  that  doesn't  succeed
              create  an  X  session  via  the  FINDCREATEDISPLAY  method.   This is an alias for
              "-display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvfb".

              Note: if a -display occurs later on the command line it will override  the  -create
              setting.

              SSH NOTE: for both -find and -create you can (should!)  add the "-localhost" option
              to force SSH tunnel access.

       -xdummy

              As in -create, except Xdummy instead of Xvfb.

       -xvnc

              As in -create, except Xvnc instead of Xvfb.

       -xvnc_redirect

              As in -create, except Xvnc.redirect instead of Xvfb.

       -xdummy_xvfb

              Sets WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xdummy,Xvfb

       -create_xsrv str

              Sets WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-<str>  Can be on cmdline after anything  that  sets
              WAIT:..  and  other  things  (e.g.  -svc,  -xdmsvc)  to  adjust  the X server list.
              Example: -svc ... -create_xsrv Xdummy,X

       -svc

              Terminal   services   mode   based   on   SSL   access.    Alias    for    -display
              WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvfb -unixpw -users unixpw= -ssl SAVE   Also "-service".

              Note:  if  a -display, -unixpw, -users, or -ssl occurs later on the command line it
              will override the -svc setting.

       -svc_xdummy

              As -svc except Xdummy instead of Xvfb.

       -svc_xvnc

              As -svc except Xvnc instead of Xvfb.

       -svc_xdummy_xvfb

              As -svc with Xdummy,Xvfb.

       -xdmsvc

              Display  manager  Terminal  services  mode  based  on  SSL.   Alias  for   -display
              WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvfb.xdmcp   -unixpw  -users  unixpw=  -ssl  SAVE   Also
              "-xdm_service".

              Note: if a -display, -unixpw, -users, or -ssl occurs later on the command  line  it
              will override the -xdmsvc setting.

              To create a session a user will have to first log in to the -unixpw dialog and then
              log in again to  the  XDM/GDM/KDM  prompt.   Subsequent  re-connections  will  only
              require  the -unixpw password.  See the discussion under -display WAIT:... for more
              details about XDM, etc configuration.

              Remember to enable XDMCP in the xdm-config, gdm.conf, or kdmrc configuration  file.
              See -display WAIT: for more info.

       -sshxdmsvc

              Display   manager  Terminal  services  mode  based  on  SSH.   Alias  for  -display
              WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvfb.xdmcp -localhost.

              The -localhost option constrains connections to come in via  a  SSH  tunnel  (which
              will  require  a login).  To create a session a user will also have to log into the
              XDM GDM KDM prompt. Subsequent re-connections will only only require the SSH login.
              See  the  discussion  under  -display  WAIT:...  for  more  details  about XDM, etc
              configuration.

              Remember to enable XDMCP in the xdm-config, gdm.conf, or kdmrc configuration  file.
              See -display WAIT: for more info.

       -unixpw_system_greeter

              Present  a  "Press 'Escape' for System Greeter" option to the connecting VNC client
              in combined -unixpw and xdmcp FINDCREATEDISPLAY modes (e.g. -xdmsvc).

              Normally in a -unixpw mode the VNC client must supply a valid username and password
              to   gain   access.    However,  if  -unixpw_system_greeter  is  supplied  AND  the
              FINDCREATEDISPLAY command matches 'xdmcp', then the user has the  option  to  press
              Escape  and  then  get  a  XDM/GDM/KDM  login/greeter panel instead. They will then
              supply a username and password directly to the greeter.

              Otherwise, in xdmcp FINDCREATEDISPLAY mode the user must supply  his  username  and
              password  TWICE.   First  to  the  initial  unixpw  login dialog, and second to the
              subsequent XDM/GDM/KDM greeter.  Note that if the user re-connects and supplies his
              username  and  password in the unixpw dialog the xdmcp greeter is skipped and he is
              connected directly to his existing X session.  So the -unixpw_system_greeter option
              avoids the extra password at X session creation time.

              Example:   x11vnc  -xdmsvc -unixpw_system_greeter See -unixpw and -display WAIT:...
              for more info.

              The special options after a colon at the end  of  the  username  (e.g.  user:solid)
              described  under  -display WAIT: are also applied in this mode if they are typed in
              before the user hits Escape.  The username is ignored but  the  colon  options  are
              not.

              The   default   message   is   2   lines  in  a  small  font,  set  the  env.  var.
              X11VNC_SYSTEM_GREETER1=true for a 1 line message in a larger font.

              If the user pressed Escape the FINDCREATEDISPLAY command will be run with the  env.
              var. X11VNC_XDM_ONLY=1.

              Remember  to enable XDMCP in the xdm-config, gdm.conf, or kdmrc configuration file.
              See -display WAIT: for more info.

       -redirect port

              As  in  FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvnc.redirect  mode  except  redirect  immediately  (i.e.
              without  X  session finding or creation) to a VNC server listening on port. You can
              also supply host:port to redirect to a different machine.

              If 0 <= port < 200 it is taken as a VNC display (5900 is added to  get  the  actual
              port), if port < 0 then -port is used.

              Probably  the  only  reason  to use the -redirect option is in conjunction with SSL
              support, e.g. -ssl SAVE.  This provides an easy way to add SSL encryption to a  VNC
              server  that  does not support SSL (e.g. Xvnc or vnc.so) In fact, the protocol does
              not even need to be VNC, and so "-rfbport port1 -ssl SAVE -redirect host:port2" can
              act as a replacement for stunnel(1).

              This  mode  only  allows  one  redirected connection.  The -forever option does not
              apply.  Use -inetd or -loop for persistent service.

       -display WAIT:...

              A special usage mode for the normal -display option.  Useful with -unixpw, but  can
              be  used  independently of it.  If the display string begins with WAIT: then x11vnc
              waits until a VNC client connects before opening the X display (or -rawfb device).

              This could be useful for delaying opening the display for certain usage modes  (say
              if  x11vnc  is  started  at boot time and no X server is running or users logged in
              yet).

              If the string is, e.g. WAIT:0.0 or WAIT:1, i.e. "WAIT"  in  front  of  a  normal  X
              display, then that indicated display is used.

              One  can also insert a geometry between colons, e.g.  WAIT:1280x1024:... to set the
              size of the display the VNC client first attaches to since some  VNC  viewers  will
              not automatically adjust to a new framebuffer size.

              A more interesting case is like this:

              WAIT:cmd=/usr/local/bin/find_display

              in  which  case the command after "cmd=" is run to dynamically work out the DISPLAY
              and optionally the XAUTHORITY data.  The first line of the command output  must  be
              of  the  form DISPLAY=<xdisplay>.  On Linux if the virtual terminal is known append
              ",VT=n" to this string and the chvt(1) program will also  be  run.   Any  remaining
              output is taken as XAUTHORITY data.  It can be either of the form XAUTHORITY=<file>
              or raw xauthority data for the display. For example;

              xauth extract - $DISPLAY"

              NOTE: As specified in the previous paragraph, you can supply your own  WAIT:cmd=...
              program  or  script,  BUT  there  are  two very useful *BUILT-IN* ones: FINDDISPLAY
              (alias -find above) and FINDCREATEDISPLAY (alias -create above.)  Most  people  use
              these  instead  of  creating  their own script.  Read the following (especially the
              BUILT-IN modes sections) to see how to configure these two useful builtin  -display
              WAIT: modes.

              In  the  case  of -unixpw (and -unixpw_nis only if x11vnc is running as root), then
              the cmd= command is run as the user  who  just  authenticated  via  the  login  and
              password prompt.

              In the case of -unixpw_cmd, the commands will also be run as the logged-in user, as
              long as the user-supplied  helper  program  supports  RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN  (see  the
              -unixpw_cmd option.)

              Also  in  the  case of -unixpw, the user logging in can place a colon at the end of
              her username and supply a few options: scale=, scale_cursor= (or  sc=),  solid  (or
              so),  id=,  clear_mods  (or  cm),  clear_keys  (or  ck), clear_all (or ca), repeat,
              speeds= (or sp=), readtimeout= (or rd=), viewonly (or  vo),  nodisplay=  (or  nd=),
              rotate=  (or  ro=),  or  noncache (or nc), all separated by commas if there is more
              than one.  After the user logs in successfully, these options will  be  applied  to
              the VNC screen.  For example,

              login: fred:scale=3/4,sc=1,repeat Password: ...

              login: runge:sp=modem,rd=120,solid

              for  convenience  m/n  implies  scale=  e.g.  fred:3/4   If you type and enter your
              password incorrectly, to retrieve your long "login:" line press the Up  arrow  once
              (before typing anything else).

              Most   of   these   colon  options  only  apply  to  the  builtin  FINDDISPLAY  and
              FINDCREATEDISPLAY modes, but note that they are passed to the extrenal  command  in
              the environment as well and so could be used.

              In  the  login  panel, press F1 to get a list of the available options that you can
              add after the username.

              Another option is "geom=WxH" or "geom=WxHxD" (or ge=). This only has an  effect  in
              FINDCREATEDISPLAY mode when a virtual X server such as Xvfb is going to be created.
              It sets the width and height of the new display, and optionally the color depth  as
              well.

              You can also supply "gnome", "kde", "twm", "fvwm", "mwm", "dtwm", "wmaker", "xfce",
              "lxde", "enlightenment", "Xsession", or "failsafe" (same as "xterm")  to  have  the
              created display use that mode for the user session.

              Specify  "tag=..."  to  set  the unique FD_TAG desktop session tag described below.
              Note: this option will be ignored if the FD_TAG env. var. is already set or if  the
              viewer-side supplied value is not completely composed of alphanumeric or '_' or '-'
              characters.

              User preferences file: Instead of having the user type in geom=WxH,...  etc.  every
              time  he  logs  in  to  find  or create his X session, if you set FD_USERPREFS to a
              string that does not contain the "/" character, then the user's home  directory  is
              prepended to that string and if the file exists its first line is read and appended
              to  any  options  he  supplied  at   the   login:   prompt.    For   example   -env
              FD_USERPREFS=.x11vnc_create    and   the   user   put   "geom=1600x1200"   in   his
              ~/.x11vnc_create file.

              To disable the option setting set the environment variable  X11VNC_NO_UNIXPW_OPTS=1
              before starting x11vnc.  To set any other options, the user can use the gui (x11vnc
              -gui connect) or the remote control method  (x11vnc  -R  opt:val)  during  his  VNC
              session.

              So  we  see  the  combination of -display WAIT:cmd=... and -unixpw allows automatic
              pairing of an unix authenticated VNC user with his desktop.   This  could  be  very
              useful  on  SunRays and also any system where multiple users share a given machine.
              The user does not need to remember special  ports  or  passwords  set  up  for  his
              desktop and VNC.

              A  nice  way  to  use WAIT:cmd=... is out of inetd(8) (it automatically forks a new
              x11vnc for each user).  You can have the x11vnc inetd spawned process run as,  say,
              root  or  nobody.   When run as root (for either inetd or display manager), you can
              also supply the option "-users unixpw=" to have the x11vnc process  switch  to  the
              user  as  well.  Note: there will be a 2nd SSL helper process that will not switch,
              but it is only encoding and decoding the encrypted stream at that point.

              BUILT-IN modes:

              -- Automatic Finding of User X Sessions --

              As a special case, WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY will run a script that works on most Unixes
              to determine a user's DISPLAY variable and xauthority data (see who(1) ).

              NOTE: The option "-find" is an alias for this mode.

              To  have  this  default  script printed to stdout (e.g. for customization) run with
              WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY-print To have the script run to print what  display  it  would
              find use "-finddpy" or WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY-run

              The  standard  script  runs  xdpyinfo(1)  run  on  potential  displays.   If your X
              server(s) have a login greeter that exclusively grabs the  Xserver,  then  xdpyinfo
              blocks      forever      and      this     mode     will     not     work.      See
              www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-display-manager for how to disable  this  for
              dtgreet on Solaris and possibly for other greeters.

              In  -find/cmd=FINDDISPLAY  mode,  if  you  set FD_XDM=1, e.g. 'x11vnc -env FD_XDM=1
              -find ...' and x11vnc is running as root (e.g. inetd) then it will try to find  the
              XAUTHORITY  file  of  a  running XDM/GDM/KDM login greeter (i.e. no user has logged
              into an X session yet.)

              As another special case, WAIT:cmd=HTTPONCE will allow x11vnc to  service  one  http
              request  and  then  exit.  This is usually done in -inetd mode to run on, say, port
              5800 and allow the Java vncviewer to be downloaded by  client  web  browsers.   For
              example:

              5815  stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /.../x11vnc \ -inetd -q -http_ssl -prog
              /.../x11vnc \ -display WAIT:cmd=HTTPONCE

              Where /.../x11vnc is the full path to x11vnc.  It is used in the Apache  SSL-portal
              example (see FAQ).

              In  this mode you can set X11VNC_SKIP_DISPLAY to a comma separated list of displays
              (e.g. ":0,:1") to ignore in the finding process.  The ":" is optional.  Ranges  n-m
              e.g.  0-20 can also be supplied. This string can also be set by the connecting user
              via "nd=" using "+" instead of ","  If "nd=all" or you set  X11VNC_SKIP_DISPLAY=all
              then  all  display  finding  fails  as if you set X11VNC_FINDDISPLAY_ALWAYS_FAILS=1
              (below.)

              On some systems lsof(1) can be very slow.  Set the env. var. FIND_DISPLAY_NO_LSOF=1
              to  skip  using  lsof  to try to find the Linux VT the X server is running on.  set
              FIND_DISPLAY_NO_VT_FIND=1 to avoid looking at all.

              -- Automatic Creation of User X Sessions --

              An interesting option is WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY that  is  like  FINDDISPLAY  in
              that  is uses the same method to find an existing display.  However, if it does not
              find one it will try to *start* up an X server session for the user.  This  is  the
              only time x11vnc tries to actually start up an X server.

              NOTE: The option "-create" is an alias for this mode.

              It   will   start   looking  for  an  open  display  number  at  :20  Override  via
              X11VNC_CREATE_STARTING_DISPLAY_NUMBER=n By default 80 X displays are allowed  (i.e.
              going to :99) Override via X11VNC_CREATE_MAX_DISPLAYS=n

              For  its heuristics, the create display script sets LC_ALL=C so that command output
              is uniform.  By default it will try to restore LC_ALL  right  before  starting  the
              user  session.   However,  if you don't mind it keeping LC_ALL=C set the env. var.:
              X11VNC_CREATE_LC_ALL_C_OK=1

              By default FINDCREATEDISPLAY will try Xvfb and then Xdummy:

              The Xdummy wrapper is part of  the  x11vnc  source  code  (x11vnc/misc/Xdummy)   It
              should  be  available  in  PATH  and  have run "Xdummy -install" once to create the
              shared library.  Xdummy only works on Linux.  As of 12/2009 it no longer  needs  to
              be  run  as  root,  and  the  default is to not run as root.  In some circumstances
              permissions  may  require  running   it   as   root,   in   these   cases   specify
              FD_XDUMMY_RUN_AS_ROOT=1, this is the same as supplying -root to the Xdummy cmdline.

              Xvfb is available on most platforms and does not require root.

              An  advantage  of  Xdummy  over  Xvfb  is that Xdummy supports RANDR dynamic screen
              resizing.

              When x11vnc exits (i.e. user disconnects) the X server session stays running in the
              background.   The  FINDDISPLAY will find it directly next time.  The user must exit
              the X session in the usual way for it to terminate (or kill the X server process if
              all else fails).

              To  troubleshoot the FINDCREATEDISPLAY mechanism, set the following env. var. to an
              output log file, e.g -env CREATE_DISPLAY_OUTPUT=/tmp/mydebug.txt

              So this is a somewhat odd mode for x11vnc in that it will start up and poll virtual
              X  servers!   This can be used from, say, inetd(8) to provide a means of definitely
              getting a desktop (either real or virtual) on the machine.  E.g. a desktop service:

              5900 stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /.../x11vnc -inetd -q  -http  -ssl  SAVE
              -unixpw   -users   unixpw=\   -passwd   secret   -prog   /.../x11vnc   \   -display
              WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY

              Where /.../x11vnc is the full path to x11vnc.

              See the -svc/-service option alias above.

              If for some reason you do not want x11vnc to ever try to find an  existing  display
              set  the  env.  var  X11VNC_FINDDISPLAY_ALWAYS_FAILS=1 (also -env ...)  This is the
              same as setting X11VNC_SKIP_DISPLAY=all or supplying "nd=all" after "username:"

              Use WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-print to print out the script that is used for this.

              You can specify the preferred X server order via e.g.,  WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-
              Xdummy,Xvfb,X   and/or  leave out ones you do not want.  The the case "X" means try
              to start up a real, hardware X server using xinit(1) or  startx(1).   If  there  is
              already an X server running the X case may only work on Linux (see startx(1) ).

              "Xvnc"  will  start  up a VNC X server (real- or tight-vnc, e.g. use if Xvfb is not
              available).  "Xsrv" will start up the server program in the variable  "FD_XSRV"  if
              it  is non-empty. You can make this be a wrapper script if you like (it must handle
              :N, -geometry, and -depth and other X server options).

              You can set the environment variable FD_GEOM  (or  X11VNC_CREATE_GEOM)  to  WxH  or
              WxHxD  to  set  the  width and height and optionally the color depth of the created
              display.  You  can  also  set  FD_SESS  to  be  the  session  (short  name  of  the
              windowmanager:  kde, gnome, twm, failsafe, etc.). FD_OPTS contains extra options to
              pass to the X server. You can  also  set  FD_PROG  to  be  the  full  path  to  the
              session/windowmanager program.

              More  FD  tricks:   FD_CUPS=port  or  FD_CUPS=host:port  will set the cups printing
              environment.  Similarly  for  FD_ESD=port  or  FD_ESD=host:port  for  esddsp  sound
              redirection.   Set FD_EXTRA to a command to be run a few seconds after the X server
              starts up.  Set FD_TAG to be a unique name for the session,  it  is  set  as  an  X
              property, that makes FINDDISPLAY only find sessions with that tag value.

              Set  FD_XDMCP_IF  to  the network interface that the display manager is running on;
              default is 'localhost' but you may need to set  it  to  '::1'  on  some  IPv6  only
              systems or misconfigured display managers.

              If  you  want  the  FINDCREATEDISPLAY  session  to  contact  an XDMCP login manager
              (xdm/gdm/kdm) on the same machine, then use "Xvfb.xdmcp" instead  of  "Xvfb",  etc.
              The  user  will have to supply his username and password one more time (but he gets
              to select his desktop type so that can be useful).  For this to work, you will need
              to  enable  localhost  XDMCP (udp port 177) for the display manager.  This seems to
              be:

              for  gdm  in  gdm.conf:    Enable=true  in  section  [xdmcp]  for  kdm  in   kdmrc:
              Enable=true  in  section [Xdmcp] for xdm in xdm-config: DisplayManager.requestPort:
              177

              See the shorthand options above "-svc", "-xdmsvc" and "-sshxdmsvc" that specify the
              above options for some useful cases.

              If  you set the env. var WAITBG=1 x11vnc will go into the background once listening
              in wait mode.

              Another  special  mode   is   FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvnc.redirect,   (or   FINDDISPLAY-
              Xvnc.redirect).  In this case it will start up Xvnc as above if needed, but instead
              of polling it in its normal way,  it  simply  does  a  socket  redirection  of  the
              connected VNC viewer to the Xvnc.

              So  in  Xvnc.redirect  x11vnc  does  no  VNC but merely transfers the data back and
              forth.  This should be faster then x11vnc's polling method,  but  not  as  fast  as
              connecting  directly  to  the  Xvnc  with the VNC Viewer.  The idea here is to take
              advantage of x11vnc's display finding/creating  scheme,  SSL,  and  perhaps  a  few
              others.  Most of x11vnc's options do not apply in this mode.

              Xvnc.redirect  should  also work for the vnc.so X server module for the h/w display
              however it will work only for finding the display and  the  user  must  already  be
              logged into the X console.

       -vencrypt mode

              The  VeNCrypt  extension  to the VNC protocol allows encrypted SSL/TLS connections.
              If the -ssl mode is enabled, then VeNCrypt is enabled as well BY DEFAULT (they both
              use a SSL/TLS tunnel, only the protocol handshake is a little different.)

              To  control  when  and  how  VeNCrypt is used, specify the mode string.  If mode is
              "never", then VeNCrypt is not used.   If  mode  is  "support"  (the  default)  then
              VeNCrypt  is  supported.   If  mode  is  "only", then the similar and older ANONTLS
              protocol is not simultaneously supported.  x11vnc's normal SSL mode (vncs://)  will
              be supported under -ssl unless you set mode to "force".

              If  mode  is  prefixed  with "nodh:", then Diffie Hellman anonymous key exchange is
              disabled.  If mode is prefixed with "nox509:", then X509 key exchange is disabled.

              To disable all Anonymous Diffie-Hellman access  (susceptible  to  Man-In-The-Middle
              attack)  you  will  need  to  supply  "-vencrypt  nodh:support  -anontls  never" or
              "-vencrypt nodh:only"

              If mode is prefixed with "newdh:", then new Diffie Hellman parameters are generated
              for each connection (this can be time consuming: 1-60 secs; see -dhparams below for
              a faster way) rather than using the fixed values  in  the  program.   Using  fixed,
              publicly  known values is not known to be a security problem.  This setting applies
              to ANONTLS as well.

              Long example: -vencrypt newdh:nox509:support

              Also, if mode is prefixed with  "plain:",  then  if  -unixpw  mode  is  active  the
              VeNCrypt  "*Plain" username+passwd method is enabled for Unix logins.  Otherwise in
              -unixpw mode the normal login panel is provided.

              You *MUST* supply the -ssl option for VeNCrypt to be active.  The -vencrypt  option
              only fine-tunes its operation.

       -anontls mode

              The ANONTLS extension to the VNC protocol allows encrypted SSL/TLS connections.  If
              the -ssl mode is enabled, then ANONTLS is enabled as well BY DEFAULT (they both use
              a SSL/TLS tunnel, only the protocol handshake is a little different.)

              ANONTLS is an older SSL/TLS mode introduced by vino.

              It  is  referred  to as 'TLS' for its registered VNC security-type name, but we use
              the more descriptive ´ANONTLS' here because  it  provides  only  Anonymous  Diffie-
              Hellman   encrypted   connections,   and   hence  no  possibility  for  certificate
              authentication.

              To control when and how ANONTLS is used, specify  the  mode  string.   If  mode  is
              "never", then ANONTLS is not used.  If mode is "support" (the default) then ANONTLS
              is supported.  If mode is  "only",  then  the  similar  VeNCrypt  protocol  is  not
              simultaneously  supported.   x11vnc's  normal  SSL mode (vncs://) will be supported
              under -ssl unless you set mode to "force".

              If mode is prefixed with "newdh:", then new Diffie Hellman parameters are generated
              for each connection (this can be time consuming: 1-60 secs; see -dhparams below for
              a faster way) rather than using the fixed values  in  the  program.   Using  fixed,
              publicly  known values is not known to be a security problem.  This setting applies
              to VeNCrypt as well.  See the description of "plain:" under -vencrypt.

              Long example: -anontls newdh:plain:support

              You *MUST* supply the -ssl option for ANONTLS to be active.   The  -anontls  option
              only fine-tunes its operation.

       -sslonly

              Same  as:  "-vencrypt  never  -anontls  never"   i.e.  it disables the VeNCrypt and
              ANONTLS encryption methods and only allows standard SSL tunneling.  You  must  also
              supply the -ssl ... option (see below.)

       -dhparams file

              For  some  operations  a  set of Diffie Hellman parameters (prime and generator) is
              needed.  If so, use the parameters in file. In particular, the VeNCrypt and ANONTLS
              anonymous DH mode need them.  By default a fixed set is used. If you do not want to
              do that you can specify "newdh:" to the -vencrypt and -anontls options to  generate
              a  new  set each session.  If that is too slow for you, use -dhparams file to a set
              you created manually via "openssl dhparam -out file 1024"

       -nossl

              Disable the -ssl option (see below). Since -ssl is off by default -nossl would only
              be used on the commandline to unset any *earlier* -ssl option (or -svc...)

       -ssl [pem]

              Use  the  openssl library (www.openssl.org) to provide a built-in encrypted SSL/TLS
              tunnel between VNC viewers and x11vnc.  This requires libssl support to be compiled
              into x11vnc at build time.  If x11vnc is not built with libssl support it will exit
              immediately when -ssl  is  prescribed.   See  the  -stunnel  option  below  for  an
              alternative.

              The  VNC  Viewer-side  needs to support SSL/TLS as well.  See this URL and also the
              discussion  below  for  ideas  on  how  to  enable  SSL  support  for  the  viewer:
              http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-tun nel-viewers .  x11vnc provides
              an SSL enabled Java viewer applet in the classes/ssl directory (-http  or  -httpdir
              options.)  The SSVNC viewer package supports SSL tunnels too.

              If  the  VNC  Viewer supports VeNCrypt or ANONTLS (vino's encryption mode) they are
              also supported by the -ssl mode (see the -vencrypt and -anontls  options  for  more
              info; use -sslonly to disable both of them.)

              Use  "-ssl /path/to/mycert.pem" to specify an SSL certificate file in PEM format to
              use to identify and provide a key for this server.  See openssl(1)  for  more  info
              about  PEMs  and  the  -sslGenCert  and "-ssl SAVE" options below for how to create
              them.

              The connecting VNC viewer SSL tunnel can (at its option) authenticate  this  server
              if  it  has  the  public  key  part  of  the  certificate  (or a common certificate
              authority, CA, is a more sophisticated  way  to  verify  this  server's  cert,  see
              -sslGenCA  below).   This  authentication  is  done  to  prevent  Man-In-The-Middle
              attacks.  Otherwise, if the VNC viewer simply accepts  this  server's  key  WITHOUT
              verification,  the  traffic  is protected from passive sniffing on the network, but
              *NOT* from Man-In-The-Middle attacks. There are hacker  tools  like  dsniff/webmitm
              and cain that implement SSL Man-In-The-Middle attacks.

              If  [pem]  is  empty  or  the  string  "SAVE"  then  the openssl(1) command must be
              available to generate the certificate the first time.  A self-signed certificate is
              generated  (see  -sslGenCA and -sslGenCert for use of a Certificate Authority.)  It
              will be saved to the file ~/.vnc/certs/server.pem.  On  subsequent  calls  if  that
              file already exists it will be used directly.

              Use  "SAVE_NOPROMPT"  to  avoid  being prompted to protect the generated key with a
              passphrase.  However in -inetd and -bg modes there  will  be  no  prompting  for  a
              passphrase in either case.

              If  [pem] is "SAVE_PROMPT" the server.pem certificate will be created based on your
              answers to its prompts for all info such as OrganizationalName, CommonName, etc.

              Use   "SAVE-<string>"   and   "SAVE_PROMPT-<string>"   to   refer   to   the   file
              ~/.vnc/certs/server-<string>.pem  instead  (it  will  be  generated  if it does not
              already exist).  E.g. "SAVE-charlie" will store to  the  file  ~/.vnc/certs/server-
              charlie.pem

              Examples:  x11vnc -ssl SAVE -display :0 ...  x11vnc -ssl SAVE-someother -display :0
              ...

              If [pem] is "TMP" and the  openssl(1)  utility  command  exists  in  PATH,  then  a
              temporary,  self-signed  certificate  will  be  generated  for  this  session.   If
              openssl(1) cannot  be  used  to  generate  a  temporary  certificate  x11vnc  exits
              immediately.  The temporary cert will be discarded when x11vnc exits.

              If  successful in using openssl(1) to generate a temporary certificate in "SAVE" or
              "TMP" creation modes, the public part of it will be displayed to stderr  (e.g.  one
              could  copy  it  to  the client-side to provide authentication of the server to VNC
              viewers.)

              NOTE: In "TMP" mode, unless you safely copy the public part of the  temporary  Cert
              to  the  viewer  for  authenticate  *every  time*  (unlikely...), then only passive
              sniffing attacks are prevented and you are still open to Man-In-The-Middle attacks.
              This  is  why  the default "SAVE" mode is preferred (and more sophisticated CA mode
              too).  Only with saved keys AND the VNC viewer authenticating them (via the  public
              certificate), are Man-In-The-Middle attacks prevented.

              If  [pem]  is "ANON" then the Diffie-Hellman anonymous key exchange method is used.
              In this mode there are  *no*  SSL  certificates  and  so  it  is  not  possible  to
              authenticate  either  the  VNC  server  or  VNC  client.  Thus only passive network
              sniffing attacks are avoided: the "ANON" method is susceptible to Man-In-The-Middle
              attacks.   "ANON"  is  not  recommended;  instead  use a SSL PEM you created or the
              default "SAVE" method.

              See -ssldir below to use a directory besides the default ~/.vnc/certs

              If your x11vnc binary was not compiled with OpenSSL library  support,  use  of  the
              -ssl option will induce an immediate failure and exit.  For such binaries, consider
              using the -stunnel option for SSL encrypted connections.

              Misc  Info:  In  temporary  cert  creation  mode   "TMP",   set   the   env.   var.
              X11VNC_SHOW_TMP_PEM=1  to  have  x11vnc print out the entire certificate, including
              the PRIVATE KEY part, to stderr.  There are better ways to get/save this info.  See
              "SAVE" above and "-sslGenCert" below.

       -ssltimeout n

              Set SSL read timeout to n seconds.  In some situations (i.e. an iconified viewer in
              Windows) the viewer stops talking and the connection is dropped after  the  default
              timeout  (25s  for  about  the  first  minute,  43200s later).  Set to zero to poll
              forever.  Set to a negative value to use the builtin setting.

              Note that this value does NOT apply to the  *initial*  ssl  init  connection.   The
              default timeout for that is 20sec.  Use -env SSL_INIT_TIMEOUT=n to modify it.

       -sslnofail

              Exit  at  the  first  SSL connection failure. Useful when scripting SSL connections
              (e.g. x11vnc is started via ssh) and you do not want x11vnc waiting around for more
              connections, tying up ports, etc.

       -ssldir dir

              Use dir as an alternate ssl certificate and key management toplevel directory.  The
              default is ~/.vnc/certs

              This directory is used to store server and other certificates  and  keys  and  also
              other  materials.   E.g.  in  the  simplest case, "-ssl SAVE" will store the x11vnc
              server cert in dir/server.pem

              Use of alternate  directories  via  -ssldir  allows  you  to  manage  multiple  VNC
              Certificate  Authority (CA) keys.  Another use is if ~/.vnc/cert is on an NFS share
              you might want your certificates and keys to be on a local  filesystem  to  prevent
              network snooping (for example -ssldir /var/lib/x11vnc-certs).

              -ssldir affects nearly all of the other -ssl* options, e.g. -ssl SAVE, -sslGenCert,
              etc..

       -sslverify path

              For either of the -ssl or -stunnel modes,  use  path  to  provide  certificates  to
              authenticate  incoming  VNC  *Client*  connections  (normally  only  the  server is
              authenticated in SSL.)  This can be used as a method to replace  standard  password
              authentication of clients.

              If  path  is  a  directory  it contains the client (or CA) certificates in separate
              files.  If path is a file, it contains one or more certificates. See special tokens
              below.  These correspond to the "CApath = dir" and "CAfile = file" stunnel options.
              See the stunnel(8) manpage for details.

              Examples: x11vnc -ssl -sslverify ~/my.crt x11vnc -ssl -sslverify ~/my_pem_dir/

              Note that if path is a directory, it must contain the certs in separate files named
              like  <HASH>.0,  where the value of <HASH> is found by running the command "openssl
              x509 -hash -noout -in  file.crt".  Evidently  one  uses  <HASH>.1  if  there  is  a
              collision...

              The  the  key-management  utility  "-sslCertInfo HASHON" and "-sslCertInfo HASHOFF"
              will create/delete these hashes for you automatically (via  symlink)  in  the  HASH
              subdirs it manages.  Then you can point -sslverify to the HASH subdir.

              Special  tokens: in -ssl mode, if path is not a file or a directory, it is taken as
              a comma separated list of tokens that are interpreted as follows:

              If a token is "CA" that means load the CA/cacert.pem file from the  ssl  directory.
              If  a  token is "clients" then all the files clients/*.crt in the ssl directory are
              loaded.  Otherwise the file clients/token.crt is attempted  to  be  loaded.   As  a
              kludge,  use  a  token  like  ../server-foo  to load a server cert if you find that
              necessary.

              Use -ssldir to use a directory different from the ~/.vnc/certs default.

              Note that if the "CA" cert is loaded you do not need to load any of the certs  that
              have  been  signed  by  it.  You will need to load any additional self-signed certs
              however.

              Examples: x11vnc -ssl  -sslverify  CA  x11vnc  -ssl  -sslverify  self:fred,self:jim
              x11vnc -ssl -sslverify CA,clients

              Usually  "-sslverify  CA" is the most effective.  See the -sslGenCA and -sslGenCert
              options below for how to set up and manage the CA framework.

              NOTE: the following utilities, -sslGenCA,  -sslGenCert,  -sslEncKey,  -sslCertInfo,
              and -sslCRL are provided for completeness, but for casual usage they are overkill.

              They  provide  VNC  Certificate Authority (CA) key creation and server / client key
              generation and signing.  So they provide a basic Public  Key  management  framework
              for  VNC-ing  with  x11vnc.  (note that they require openssl(1) be installed on the
              system)

              However, the simplest usage mode, "-ssl TMP" (where x11vnc automatically  generates
              its  own,  self-signed,  temporary  key  and the VNC viewers always accept it, e.g.
              accepting via a dialog box)  is  probably  safe  enough  for  most  scenarios.   CA
              management is not needed.

              To  protect  against  Man-In-The-Middle  attacks  the "TMP" mode can be improved by
              using "-ssl SAVE" (same as "-ssl", i.e. the default) to have x11vnc create a longer
              term  self-signed  certificate, and then (safely) copy the corresponding public key
              cert to the desired client machines (care must be taken the private key part is not
              stolen; you will be prompted for a passphrase).

              So  keep  in  mind  no CA key creation or management (-sslGenCA and -sslGenCert) is
              needed for either of the above two common usage modes.

              One might want to use -sslGenCA and -sslGenCert if you had a large  number  of  VNC
              client and server workstations.  That way the administrator could generate a single
              CA  key  with  -sslGenCA  and  distribute  its  certificate  part  to  all  of  the
              workstations.

              Next,  he  could  create  signed  VNC server keys (-sslGenCert server ...) for each
              workstation or user that then x11vnc would use to authenticate itself  to  any  VNC
              client that has the CA cert.

              Optionally,  the  admin  could  also  make  it  so  the  VNC clients themselves are
              authenticated to x11vnc (-sslGenCert client ...)   For  this  -sslverify  would  be
              pointed to the CA cert (and/or self-signed certs).

              x11vnc  will  be  able  to  use all of these cert and key files.  On the VNC client
              side, they  will  need  to  be  "imported"  somehow.   Web  browsers  have  "Manage
              Certificates"  actions  as  does the Java applet plugin Control Panel.  stunnel can
              also use these files (see the ss_vncviewer example script in the FAQ and SSVNC.)

       -sslCRL path

              Set the Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL) to path.  This setting applies for  both
              -ssl and -stunnel modes.

              If  path is a file, the file contains one or more CRLs in PEM format.  If path is a
              directory, it contains hash named files of CRLs in the usual OpenSSL  manner.   See
              the OpenSSL and stunnel(8) documentation for more info.

              This  option only applies if -sslverify has been supplied: it checks for revocation
              along the certificate chain used to verify the VNC  client.   The  -sslCRL  setting
              will be ignored when -sslverify is not specified.

              Note  that  if  a  CRL's  expiration date has passed, all SSL connections will fail
              regardless of if they are related to the subject of the CRL or not.

              Only rarely will one's x11vnc -ssl infrastructure be  so  large  that  this  option
              would  be useful (since normally maintaining the contents of the -sslverify file or
              directory should be  enough.)   However,  when  using  x11vnc  with  a  Certificate
              Authority  (see  -sslGenCA) to authenticate Clients via SSL/TLS, the -sslCRL option
              can be useful to revoke users' certs whose private SSL keys  were  lost  or  stolen
              (e.g.  laptop.)   This  way  a  new CA cert+key does not need to be created and new
              signed client keys generated and distributed to all users.

              To create a CRL file with revoked certificates the  commands  'openssl  ca  -revoke
              ...' and 'openssl ca -gencrl ...' are useful.  (Run them in ~/.vnc/certs)

       -sslGenCA [dir]

              Generate  your  own Certificate Authority private key, certificate, and other files
              in directory [dir].  x11vnc then exits.

              If [dir] is not supplied, a -ssldir setting is used, or otherwise  ~/.vnc/certs  is
              used.

              This  command  also creates directories where server and client certs and keys will
              be stored.  The openssl(1) program must be installed on the system and available in
              PATH.

              After  the  CA  files and directories are created the x11vnc command exits; the VNC
              server is not run.

              You will be prompted for information to put into the CA certificate.  The info does
              not  have  to  be  accurate  just  as  long  as  clients  accept  the  cert for VNC
              connections.  You will also need to supply a passphrase of at  least  4  characters
              for the CA private key.

              Once   you  have  generated  the  CA  you  can  distribute  its  certificate  part,
              [dir]/CA/cacert.pem, to other workstations where VNC viewers will be run.  One will
              need  to  "import"  this  certificate  in  the applications, e.g. Web browser, Java
              applet plugin, stunnel, etc.  Next, you can create and sign keys using the CA  with
              the -sslGenCert option below.

              Examples:  x11vnc  -sslGenCA  x11vnc  -sslGenCA  ~/myCAdir x11vnc -ssldir ~/myCAdir
              -sslGenCA

              (the last two lines are equivalent)

       -sslGenCert type name

              Generate a VNC server or client certificate and private key pair signed by  the  CA
              created previously with -sslGenCA.  The openssl(1) program must be installed on the
              system and available in PATH.

              After the Certificate is generated x11vnc exits; the VNC server is not run.

              The type of key to be generated is the string type.  It is  either  "server"  (i.e.
              for  use  by  x11vnc)  or  "client"  (for  a VNC viewer).  Note that typically only
              "server" is used: the VNC  clients  authenticate  themselves  by  a  non-public-key
              method (e.g. VNC or unix password).  type is required.

              An  arbitrary  default  name  you want to associate with the key is supplied by the
              name string.  You can change it at the various prompts when creating the key.  name
              is optional.

              If  name  is  left blank for clients keys then "nobody" is used.  If left blank for
              server keys, then the primary server key: "server.pem"  is  created  (this  is  the
              saved one referenced by "-ssl SAVE" when the server is started)

              If  name  begins  with the string "self:" then a self-signed certificate is created
              instead of one signed by your CA key.

              If name begins with the string "req:" then only a  key  (.key)  and  a  certificate
              signing  *request*  (.req)  are  generated.   You can then send the .req file to an
              external CA (even a professional one, e.g. Thawte) and then combine  the  .key  and
              the received cert into the .pem file with the same basename.

              The  distinction  between  "server"  and  "client"  is  simply the choice of output
              filenames and sub-directory.  This makes it so the -ssl SAVE-name option can easily
              pick up the x11vnc PEM file this option generates.  And similarly makes it easy for
              the -sslverify option to pick up your client certs.

              There is nothing special about the filename or directory  location  of  either  the
              "server" and "client" certs.  You can rename the files or move them to wherever you
              like.

              Precede this option with -ssldir [dir] to use a directory other  than  the  default
              ~/.vnc/certs  You  will  need to run -sslGenCA on that directory first before doing
              any -sslGenCert key creation.

              Note you cannot recreate a cert with exactly the same distiguished name (DN) as  an
              existing  one.   To  do  so,  you  will need to edit the [dir]/CA/index.txt file to
              delete the line.

              Similar to -sslGenCA, you will be prompted to fill in some information that will be
              recorded in the certificate when it is created.

              Tip:  if  you know the fully-qualified hostname other people will be connecting to,
              you can use that as the CommonName  "CN"  to  avoid  some  applications  (e.g.  web
              browsers and java plugin) complaining that it does not match the hostname.

              You  will  also  need to supply the CA private key passphrase to unlock the private
              key created from -sslGenCA.  This private key is used to sign the server or  client
              certificate.

              The  "server" certs can be used by x11vnc directly by pointing to them via the -ssl
              [pem] option.  The default file will be ~/.vnc/certs/server.pem.  This one would be
              used  by  simply  typing -ssl SAVE.  The pem file contains both the certificate and
              the private key.  server.crt file contains the cert only.

              The "client" cert + private key file will need to be copied and imported  into  the
              VNC  viewer  side applications (Web browser, Java plugin, stunnel, etc.)  Once that
              is done you can delete the "client" private key file on this machine  since  it  is
              only  needed  on  the  VNC  viewer side.  The, e.g. ~/.vnc/certs/clients/<name>.pem
              contains both the cert and private key.  The <name>.crt  contains  the  certificate
              only.

              NOTE:  It is very important to know one should generate new keys with a passphrase.
              Otherwise if an untrusted user steals the key file he could use it to masquerade as
              the  x11vnc server (or VNC viewer client).  You will be prompted whether to encrypt
              the  key  with  a  passphrase  or  not.   It  is  recommended  that  you  do.   One
              inconvenience  to a passphrase is that it must be typed in EVERY time x11vnc or the
              client app is started up.

              Examples:

              x11vnc -sslGenCert server x11vnc -ssl SAVE -display :0 ...

              and then on viewer using ss_vncviewer stunnel wrapper (see the  FAQ):  ss_vncviewer
              -verify ./cacert.crt hostname:0

              (this  assumes  the  cacert.crt  cert  from  -sslGenCA was safely copied to the VNC
              viewer machine where ss_vncviewer is run)

              Example using a name:

              x11vnc -sslGenCert server charlie x11vnc -ssl SAVE-charlie -display :0 ...

              Example for a client certificate (rarely used):

              x11vnc -sslGenCert client roger scp ~/.vnc/certs/clients/roger.pem  somehost:.   rm
              ~/.vnc/certs/clients/roger.pem

              x11vnc  is  then  started with the option -sslverify ~/.vnc/certs/clients/roger.crt
              (or simply -sslverify roger), and on the viewer  user  on  somehost  could  do  for
              example:

              ss_vncviewer -mycert ./roger.pem hostname:0

              If  you  set  the  env.  var REQ_ARGS='...' it will be passed to openssl req(1).  A
              common use would be REQ_ARGS='-days 1095' to bump up the expiration date  (3  years
              in this case).

       -sslEncKey pem

              Utility to encrypt an existing PEM file with a passphrase you supply when prompted.
              For that key to be used (e.g. by x11vnc) the passphrase must be supplied each time.

              The "SAVE" notation described under -ssl applies as well. (precede this option with
              -ssldir [dir] to refer a directory besides the default ~/.vnc/certs)

              The  openssl(1)  program  must  be  installed  on the system and available in PATH.
              After the Key file is encrypted the x11vnc command exits; the  VNC  server  is  not
              run.

              Examples:   x11vnc   -sslEncKey  /path/to/foo.pem  x11vnc  -sslEncKey  SAVE  x11vnc
              -sslEncKey SAVE-charlie

       -sslCertInfo pem

              Prints out information  about  an  existing  PEM  file.   In  addition  the  public
              certificate is also printed.  The openssl(1) program must be in PATH. Basically the
              command "openssl x509 -text" is run on the pem.

              After the info is printed the x11vnc command exits; the VNC server is not run.

              The "SAVE" notation described under -ssl applies as well.

              Using  "LIST" will give a list of all certs being managed (in the ~/.vnc/certs dir,
              use  -ssldir  to  refer  to  another dir).  "ALL" will print out the info for every
              managed key (this can be very long).  Giving a client or server cert shortname will
              also  try a lookup (e.g. -sslCertInfo charlie).  Use "LISTL" or "LL" for a long (ls
              -l style) listing.

              Using "HASHON" will create subdirs [dir]/HASH  and  [dir]/HASH  with  OpenSSL  hash
              filenames  (e.g.  0d5fbbf1.0) symlinks pointing up to the corresponding *.crt file.
              ([dir] is ~/.vnc/certs or one given by -ssldir.)  This is a useful  way  for  other
              OpenSSL  applications  (e.g.  stunnel) to access all of the certs without having to
              concatenate them.  x11vnc will not use them unless you specifically reference them.
              "HASHOFF" removes these HASH subdirs.

              The LIST, LISTL, LL, ALL, HASHON, HASHOFF words can also be lowercase, e.g. "list".

       -sslDelCert pem

              Prompts  you to delete all .crt .pem .key .req files associated with [pem].  x11vnc
              then exits. "SAVE" and lookups as in -sslCertInfo apply as well.

       -sslScripts

              Prints out both the 'genCA' and 'genCert' x11vnc openssl wrapper scripts for you to
              examine,  modify,  etc.   The  scripts  are  printed  to stdout and then the x11vnc
              program exits.

       -stunnel [pem]

              Use the stunnel(8) (stunnel.mirt.net) to provide an encrypted  SSL  tunnel  between
              viewers and x11vnc.

              This external tunnel method was implemented prior to the integrated -ssl encryption
              described above.  It still works well and avoids the requirement  of  linking  with
              the  OpenSSL  libraries.   This mode requires stunnel to be installed on the system
              and available via PATH (n.b. stunnel  is  often  installed  in  sbin  directories).
              Version 4.x of stunnel is assumed (but see -stunnel3 below.)

              [pem] is optional, use "-stunnel /path/to/stunnel.pem" to specify a PEM certificate
              file to pass to stunnel.  See the -ssl option for more info on certificate files.

              Whether or not your stunnel  has  its  own  certificate  depends  on  your  stunnel
              configuration;  stunnel  often  generates  one  at  install time.  See your stunnel
              documentation for details.  In any event, if you want to use this  certificate  you
              must  supply  the full path to it as [pem].  Note: the file may only be readable by
              root.

              [pem] may also be the special strings "TMP", "SAVE", and "SAVE..." as described  in
              the -ssl option.  If [pem] is not supplied, "SAVE" is assumed.

              Note  that  the  VeNCrypt,  ANONTLS, and "ANON" modes are not supported in -stunnel
              mode.

              stunnel is started up as a child process of x11vnc and any SSL connections  stunnel
              receives  are  decrypted  and sent to x11vnc over a local socket.  The strings "The
              SSL VNC desktop is ..." and "SSLPORT=..."  are printed out at startup  to  indicate
              this.

              The -localhost option is enforced by default to avoid people routing around the SSL
              channel.   Use  -env   STUNNEL_DISABLE_LOCALHOST=1   to   disable   this   security
              requirement.

              Set -env STUNNEL_DEBUG=1 for more debugging printout.

              Set  -env  STUNNEL_PROG=xxx to the full path of stunnel program you want to be used
              (e.g. /usr/bin/stunnel4).

              Set -env STUNNEL_LISTEN=xxx to the address of the network interface  to  listen  on
              (the default is to listen on all interfaces), e.g. STUNNEL_LISTEN=192.168.1.100.

              A simple way to add IPv6 support is STUNNEL_LISTEN=::

              Your  VNC  viewer  will also need to be able to connect via SSL.  Unfortunately not
              too many do this.  See the information about SSL viewers  under  the  -ssl  option.
              The x11vnc project's SSVNC is an option.

              Also,  in  the  x11vnc  distribution, patched TightVNC and UltraVNC Java applet jar
              files are provided in the classes/ssl directory that do  SSL  connections.   Enable
              serving  them  with  the -http, -http_ssl, or -httpdir (see the option descriptions
              for more info.)

              Note that for the Java viewer applet usage the "?PORT=xxxx"  in  the  various  URLs
              printed at startup will need to be supplied to the web browser to connect properly.

              Currently  the automatic "single port" HTTPS mode of -ssl is not fully supported in
              -stunnel mode.  However, it can be emulated via:

              % x11vnc -stunnel -http_ssl -http_oneport ...

              In general, it is also not too difficult to set up an stunnel or other  SSL  tunnel
              on the viewer side.  A simple example on Unix using stunnel 3.x is:

              % stunnel -c -d localhost:5901 -r remotehost:5900 % vncviewer localhost:1

              For  Windows, stunnel has been ported to it and there are probably other such tools
              available.  See the FAQ and SSVNC for more examples.

       -stunnel3 [pem]

              Use  version  3.x  stunnel  command  line  syntax  instead  of  version  4.x.   The
              -http/-httpdir Java applet serving is currently not available in this mode.

       -enc cipher:keyfile

              Use symmetric encryption with cipher "cipher" and secret key data in "keyfile".  If
              keyfile is pw=<string> then "string" is used as the key data.

              NOTE: It is recommended that you use SSL via the -ssl option instead of this option
              because  SSL  is  well  understood and takes great care to establish unique session
              keys and is more compatible with other software.  Use this option  if  you  do  not
              want  to  deal  with SSL certificates for authentication and do not want to use SSH
              but want some encryption for your VNC session.  Or if you  must  interface  with  a
              symmetric key tunnel that you do not have control over.

              Note  that this mode will NOT work with the UltraVNC DSM plugins because they alter
              the  RFB  protocol  in  addition  to  tunnelling  with  the  symmetric  cipher  (an
              unfortunate choice of implementation...)

              cipher  can  be  one of:  arc4, aesv2, aes-cfb, blowfish, aes256, or 3des.  See the
              OpenSSL documentation for more info.  The keysize is 128 bits (except for  aes256).
              Here is one way to make a keyfile with that many bits:

              dd if=/dev/random of=./my.key bs=16 count=1

              you  will need to securely share this key with the other side of the VNC connection
              (See SSVNC for examples).

              Example:  -enc blowfish:./my.key Example:  -enc blowfish:pw=swordfish

              By default 16 bytes of random salt followed by 16 bytes  of  random  initialization
              vector  are  sent  at  the  very beginning of the stream.  The other side must read
              these and initialize their cipher with them.  These values  make  the  session  key
              unique (without them the security is minimal).  Similarly, the other side must send
              us its random salt and IV with those same lengths.

              The salt and key data are combined to create a session key using  an  md5  hash  as
              described in EVP_BytesToKey(3).

              The exact call is: EVP_BytesToKey(Cipher, EVP_md5(), salt, keydata, len, 1, keystr,
              NULL);  where salt is the random data as described above, and keydata is the shared
              secret  key  data.  keystr is the resulting session key.  The cipher is then seeded
              with keystr and uses the random initialization vector as its first block.

              To modify the amount of random salt and initialization vector use cipher@n,m  where
              n is the salt length and m the initialization vector length.  E.g.

              -enc aes-cfb@8,16:./my.key

              It  is  not a good idea to set either one to zero, although you may be forced to if
              the other side of the tunnel is not under your control.

              To skip the salt and EVP_BytesToKey MD5 entirely (no hashing is done:  the  keydata
              is directly inserted into the cipher) specify "-1" for the salt, e.g.

              -enc blowfish@-1,16:./my.key

              The  message  digest can also be changed to something besides the default MD5.  Use
              cipher@md+n,m where "md" can be one of sha, sha1, md5, or ripe.  For example:

              -enc arc4@sha+8,16:./my.key

              The  SSVNC  vnc  viewer  project  supplies  a  symmetric  encryption   tool   named
              "ultravnc_dsm_helper" that can be used on the viewer side.  For example:

              ssvncviewer exec='ultravnc_dsm_helper arc4 my.key 0 h:p'

              (or  replace 'ssvncviewer' with 'ssvnc -viewer') where h:p is the hostname and port
              of the x11vnc server.  ultravnc_dsm_helper may also be used standalone to provide a
              symmetric encryption tunnel for any viewer or server (VNC or otherwise.) The cipher
              (1st arg) is basically the same syntax as we use above.

              Also see the 'Non-Ultra DSM' SSVNC option for the ´UltraVNC DSM Encryption  Plugin'
              advanced option.

              For  both ways of using the viewer, you can specify the salt,ivec sizes (in GUI or,
              e.g. arc4@8,16).

       -https [port]

              Use a special, separate HTTPS port (-ssl and -stunnel modes only)  for  HTTPS  Java
              viewer applet downloading. I.e. not 5900 and not 5800 (the defaults.)

              BACKGROUND:  In -ssl mode, it turns out you can use the single VNC port (e.g. 5900)
              for both VNC and  HTTPS  connections.  (HTTPS  is  used  to  retrieve  a  SSL-aware
              VncViewer.jar  applet  that  is  provided  with  x11vnc).   Since  both use SSL the
              implementation was extended to detect if HTTP traffic (i.e. GET)  is  taking  place
              and handle it accordingly.  The URL would be, e.g.:

              https://mymachine.org:5900/

              This  is  convenient  for firewalls, etc, because only one port needs to be allowed
              in.  However, this heuristic adds a few seconds delay to each connection and can be
              unreliable  (especially  if  the  user  takes  much  time to ponder the Certificate
              dialogs in his browser, Java VM, or VNC Viewer applet.   That's  right  3  separate
              "Are you sure you want to connect?" dialogs!)

              END OF BACKGROUND.

              USAGE:  So  use  the  -https option to provide a separate, more reliable HTTPS port
              that x11vnc will listen  on.   If  [port]  is  not  provided  (or  is  0),  one  is
              autoselected.  The URL to use is printed out at startup.

              The  SSL  Java  applet  directory  is  specified  via  the -httpdir option.  If not
              supplied, -https will try to guess the directory as though  the  -http  option  was
              supplied.

       -httpsredir [port]

              In  -ssl  mode  with  the  Java  applet  retrieved  via  HTTPS,  when the HTML file
              containing applet parameters ('index.vnc' or 'proxy.vnc') is sent do  NOT  set  the
              applet  PORT  parameter  to  the  actual VNC port but set it to "port" instead.  If
              "port" is not supplied, then the port number is guessed from the Host: HTTP header.

              This is useful when an incoming  TCP  connection  redirection  is  performed  by  a
              router/gateway/firewall  from  one  port  to  an  internal  machine where x11vnc is
              listening  on  a  different  port.  The  Java  applet  needs  to  connect  to   the
              firewall/router  port,  not  the VNC port on the internal workstation. For example,
              one could redir from mygateway.com:443 to workstation:5900.

              This spares the user from having to type  in  https://mygateway.com/?PORT=443  into
              their  web  browser. Note that port 443 is the default https port; other ports must
              be explicitly indicated, for  example:  https://mygateway.com:8000/?PORT=8000.   To
              avoid  having  to include the PORT= in the browser URL, simply supply "-httpsredir"
              to x11vnc.

              This option does not work in -stunnel mode.

              More tricks: set the env var X11VNC_EXTRA_HTTPS_PARAMS to be extra  URL  parameters
              to  use.   This  way you do not need to specify extra PARAMS in the index.vnc file.
              E.g. x11vnc -env X11VNC_EXTRA_HTTPS_PARAMS='?GET=1' ...

              If you do not want to expose the non-SSL HTTP port to the network  (i.e.  you  just
              want  the  single VNC/HTTPS port, e.g. 5900, open for connections) then specify the
              option  -env  X11VNC_HTTP_LISTEN_LOCALHOST=1   This  way  the  connection  to   the
              LibVNCServer  httpd  server  will only be available on localhost (note that in -ssl
              mode, HTTPS requests are redirected from  SSL  to  the  non-SSL  LibVNCServer  HTTP
              server.)

       -http_oneport

              For  UN-encrypted connections mode (i.e. no -ssl, -stunnel, or -enc options), allow
              the Java VNC Viewer applet to be downloaded thru the VNC port via HTTP.

              That is to say, you can use a single port for Java  applet  viewer  connections  by
              using a URL in your web browser like this, for example:

              http://hostname:5900

              The regular, two-port mode, URL http://hostname:5800 will continue to work as well.

              As  mentioned  above,  this  mode  will  NOT  work with the -ssl, -stunnel, or -enc
              encryption options.  Note that is it equivalent to '-enc none' (i.e.  it  uses  the
              same detection mechanism as for HTTPS, but with no encryption.)

              HTTPS  single-port  is  on by default in -ssl encrypted mode (and -enc too), so you
              only need -http_oneport when doing non-SSL encrypted connections.

              This mode could also be useful for SSH tunnels since it means only one  port  needs
              to be redirected.

              The -httpsredir option may also be useful for this mode when using an SSH tunnel as
              well as for router port redirections.

              Note that the -env  X11VNC_HTTP_LISTEN_LOCALHOST=1  option  described  above  under
              -httpsredir applies for the LibVNCServer httpd server in all cases (ssl or not.)

       -ssh user@host:disp

              Create  a  remote  listening  port  on machine "host" via a SSH tunnel using the -R
              rport:localhost:lport method. lport will be the local x11vnc listening port,  so  a
              connection   to   rport   (5900+disp)   on   "host"   will   reach   x11vnc.   E.g.
              fred@snoopy.com:0

              This could be useful if a firewall/router  prevents  incoming  connections  to  the
              x11vnc  machine,  but  the  ssh  machine  "host"  can be reached by the VNC viewer.
              "user@" is not needed unless the remote unix username differs from the current one.

              By default the remote sshd is usually configured to listen only  on  localhost  for
              rport,  so  the  viewer  may  need  to ssh -L redir to "host" as well (See SSVNC to
              automate this).  The sshd setting GatewayPorts enables listening on all  interfaces
              for rport; viewers can reach it more easily.

              "disp" is the VNC display for the remote SSH side, e.g. 0 corresponds to port 5900,
              etc.  If disp is greater than 200 the value is used as the port.   Use  a  negative
              value to force a low port, e.g. host:-80 will use port 80.

              If  ssh-agent  is  not  active,  then  the  ssh password needs to be entered in the
              terminal where x11vnc is running.

              By default the remote ssh will issue  a  'sleep  300'  to  wait  for  the  incoming
              connection for 5 mins.  To modify this use user@host:disp+secs.

              If   the   remote  SSH  server  is  on  a  non-standard  port  (i.e.  not  22)  use
              user@host:port:disp+secs.

              Note that the ssh process MAY NOT be killed when x11vnc exits.  It tries by looking
              at ps(1) output.

       -users list

              If  x11vnc  is started as root (say from inetd(8) or from display managers xdm(1) ,
              gdm(1) , etc), then as soon as possible after connections  to  the  X  display  are
              established  try  to  switch  to  one of the users in the comma separated list.  If
              x11vnc is not running as root this option is ignored.

              Why use this option?  In general it is not needed since x11vnc is already connected
              to  the  X  display and can perform its primary functions.  The option was added to
              make some  of  the  *external*  utility  commands  x11vnc  occasionally  runs  work
              properly.   In  particular  under  GNOME  and  KDE  to implement the "-solid color"
              feature external commands (gconftool-2 and dcop) unfortunately must be run  as  the
              user owning the desktop session.  Since this option switches userid it also affects
              the userid used to run the processes for the -accept and -gone  options.   It  also
              affects  the ability to read files for options such as -connect, -allow, and -remap
              and also the ultra and tight  filetransfer  feature  if  enabled.   Note  that  the
              -connect file is also sometimes written to.

              So  be  careful  with  this  option  since  in some situations its use can decrease
              security.

              In general the switch to a user will only take place if the display  can  still  be
              successfully  opened  as  that  user  (this is primarily to try to guess the actual
              owner of the session). Example: "-users fred,wilma,betty".  Note that  a  malicious
              local user "barney" by quickly using "xhost +" when logging in may possibly get the
              x11vnc process to switch to user "fred".  What happens next?

              Under display managers it may be a long time before the  switch  succeeds  (i.e.  a
              user logs in).  To instead make it switch immediately regardless if the display can
              be reopened prefix the username with the  "+"  character.  E.g.  "-users  +bob"  or
              "-users +nobody".

              The latter (i.e. switching immediately to user "nobody") is the only obvious use of
              the -users option that increases security.

              Use   the   following   notation   to   associate   a   group    with    a    user:
              user1.group1,user2.group2,...   Note  that initgroups(2) will still be called first
              to try to switch to ALL of a user's groups (primary and additional  groups).   Only
              if  that  fails or it is not available then the single group specified as above (or
              the user's primary group if not specified) is switched to with setgid(2).  Use -env
              X11VNC_SINGLE_GROUP=1 to prevent trying initgroups(2) and only switch to the single
              group.  This sort of setting is only really needed  to  make  the  ultra  or  tight
              filetransfer  permissions work properly. This format applies to any comma separated
              list of users, even the special "=" modes described below.

              In -unixpw mode, if "-users unixpw=" is supplied then after  a  user  authenticates
              himself via the -unixpw mechanism, x11vnc will try to switch to that user as though
              "-users +username" had been supplied.  If you want to limit which users  this  will
              be done for, provide them as a comma separated list after "unixpw=" Groups can also
              be specified as described above.

              Similarly, in -ssl mode, if "-users sslpeer=" is supplied then after an SSL  client
              authenticates  with  his  cert  (the -sslverify option is required for this) x11vnc
              will extract a UNIX username from the "emailAddress" field  (username@hostname.com)
              of the "Subject" of the x509 SSL cert and then try to switch to that user as though
              "-users +username" had been supplied.  If you want to limit which users  this  will
              be done for, provide them as a comma separated list after "sslpeer=".  Set the env.
              var X11VNC_SSLPEER_CN to use the Common Name (normally a hostname) instead  of  the
              Email field.

              NOTE:  for  sslpeer=  mode  the x11vnc administrator must take care that any client
              certs he adds to -sslverify have the intended UNIX username in  the  "emailAddress"
              field  of  the  cert.   Otherwise  a  user  may be able to log in as another.  This
              command can be of use in checking: "openssl  x509  -text  -in  file.crt",  see  the
              "Subject:" line.  Also, along with the normal RFB_* env. vars. (see -accept) passed
              to external cmd= commands, RFB_SSL_CLIENT_CERT will be set  to  the  client's  x509
              certificate string.

              The   sslpeer=   mode   can   aid  finding  X  sessions  via  the  FINDDISPLAY  and
              FINDCREATEDISPLAY mechanisms.

              To immediately switch to a user *before* connections to the X display are  made  or
              any  files opened use the "=" character: "-users =bob".  That user needs to be able
              to open the X display and any files of course.

              The special user "guess=" means to examine the utmpx database (see who(1) ) looking
              for a user attached to the display number (from DISPLAY or -display option) and try
              him/her.  To limit the list of guesses, use: "-users guess=bob,betty".

              Even more sinister is the special user "lurk=" that  means  to  try  to  guess  the
              DISPLAY from the utmpx login database as well.  So it "lurks" waiting for anyone to
              log into an X session and then connects to it.  Specify a list of users after the =
              to  limit  which users will be tried.  To enable a different searching mode, if the
              first user in the list is something like ":0" or ":0-2" that indicates a  range  of
              DISPLAY  numbers  that  will  be tried (regardless of whether they are in the utmpx
              database) for all users that are logged  in.   Also  see  the  "-display  WAIT:..."
              functionality.  Examples: "-users lurk=" and also "-users lurk=:0-1,bob,mary"

              Be  especially  careful  using  the  "guess="  and  "lurk="  modes.   They  are not
              recommended for use on machines with untrustworthy local users.

       -noshm

              Do not use the MIT-SHM extension for the polling.  Remote displays  can  be  polled
              this way: be careful this can use large amounts of network bandwidth.  This is also
              of use if the local machine has a limited number of shm segments  and  -onetile  is
              not sufficient.

       -flipbyteorder

              Sometimes  needed if remotely polled host has different endianness.  Ignored unless
              -noshm is set.

       -onetile

              Do not use the new copy_tiles() framebuffer mechanism, just  use  1  shm  tile  for
              polling.  Limits shm segments used to 3.

              To disable any automatic shm reduction set the env. var. X11VNC_NO_LIMIT_SHM.

       -solid [color]

              To  improve  performance,  when VNC clients are connected try to change the desktop
              background to a solid color.   The  [color]  is  optional:  the  default  color  is
              "cyan4".  For a different one specify the X color (rgb.txt name, e.g. "darkblue" or
              numerical "#RRGGBB").

              Currently this option only works on GNOME, KDE, CDE, XFCE, and classic X (i.e. with
              the  background  image on the root window).  The "gconftool-2", "dcop" and "xfconf-
              query" external commands are run for GNOME, KDE, and XFCE respectively.  This  also
              works  on  native MacOSX.  (There is no color selection for MacOSX or XFCE.)  Other
              desktops won't work, (send us the corresponding commands if  you  find  them).   If
              x11vnc  is  running as root ( inetd(8) or gdm(1) ), the -users option may be needed
              for GNOME, KDE, XFCE.  If x11vnc guesses your desktop incorrectly, you can force it
              by prefixing color with "gnome:", "kde:", "cde:", "xfce:", or "root:".

              Update: -solid no longer works on KDE4.

              This  mode  works  in a limited way on the Mac OS X Console with one color ('kelp')
              using the screensaver writing to the background.  Look in "~/Library/Screen Savers"
              for VncSolidColor.png to change the color.

       -blackout string

              Black  out  rectangles  on  the screen. string is a comma separated list of WxH+X+Y
              type geometries for each rectangle.  If one of the items on the list is the  string
              "noptr" the mouse pointer will not be allowed to go into a blacked out region.

       -xinerama, -noxinerama

              If  your  screen  is composed of multiple monitors glued together via XINERAMA, and
              that screen is not a rectangle this option will try to guess the areas to black out
              (if your system has libXinerama).  default: -xinerama

              In  general,  we  have  noticed  on  XINERAMA  displays  you  may  need  to use the
              "-xwarppointer" option if the  mouse  pointer  misbehaves  and  it  is  enabled  by
              default. Use "-noxwarppointer" if you do not want this.

       -xtrap

              Use  the  DEC-XTRAP  extension for keystroke and mouse input insertion.  For use on
              legacy systems, e.g. X11R5, running an incomplete or missing XTEST  extension.   By
              default  DEC-XTRAP will be used if XTEST server grab control is missing, use -xtrap
              to do the keystroke and mouse insertion via DEC-XTRAP as well.

       -xrandr [mode]

              If the display supports the XRANDR (X Resize, Rotate and Reflection) extension, and
              you  expect  XRANDR  events  to  occur to the display while x11vnc is running, this
              options indicates x11vnc should try to  respond  to  them  (as  opposed  to  simply
              crashing  by  assuming  the  old  screen  size).  See the xrandr(1) manpage and run
              ´xrandr -q' for more info.  [mode] is optional and described below.

              Since watching for XRANDR events and trapping errors  increases  polling  overhead,
              only  use  this  option if XRANDR changes are expected.  For example on a rotatable
              screen PDA or laptop, or using a XRANDR-aware Desktop where you resize  often.   It
              is  best to be viewing with a vncviewer that supports the NewFBSize encoding, since
              it knows how to react to screen size changes.  Otherwise, LibVNCServer tries to  do
              so something reasonable for viewers that cannot do this (portions of the screen may
              be clipped, unused, etc).

              Note: the default now is to check for XRANDR events, but do not trap every  X  call
              that  may fail due to resize.  If a resize event is received, the full -xrandr mode
              is enabled.  To disable even checking for events supply: -noxrandr.

              "mode" defaults to "resize", which means create a  new,  resized,  framebuffer  and
              hope  all viewers can cope with the change.  "newfbsize" means first disconnect all
              viewers that do not support  the  NewFBSize  VNC  encoding,  and  then  resize  the
              framebuffer.   "exit"  means  disconnect  all  viewer  clients,  and then terminate
              x11vnc.

       -rotate string

              Rotate and/or flip the framebuffer view exported by VNC.   This  transformation  is
              independent  of XRANDR and is done in software in main memory and so may be slower.
              This mode could be useful on a handheld with portrait or landscape  modes  that  do
              not correspond to the scanline order of the actual framebuffer.  string can be:

              x     flip along x-axis y     flip along y-axis xy     flip along x- and y-axes +90
              rotate 90 degrees  clockwise  -90      rotate  90  degrees  counter-clockwise  +90x
              rotate  90  degrees  CW, then flip along x +90y     rotate 90 degrees CW, then flip
              along y

              these give all possible rotations and reflections.

              Aliases: same as xy:  yx, +180, -180, 180 same as -90: +270, 270 same as  +90:  90,
              (ditto for 90x, 90y)

              Like  -scale,  this  transformation  is  applied  at  the  very end of any chain of
              framebuffer transformations and so any options  with  geometries,  e.g.  -blackout,
              -clip,  etc.  are relative to the original X (or -rawfb) framebuffer, not the final
              one sent to VNC viewers.

              If you do not want the cursor shape to be rotated prefix string  with  "nc:",  e.g.
              "nc:+90", "nc:xy", etc.

       -padgeom WxH

              Whenever  a  new vncviewer connects, the framebuffer is replaced with a fake, solid
              black one of geometry WxH.  Shortly afterwards the framebuffer is replaced with the
              real  one.   This is intended for use with vncviewers that do not support NewFBSize
              and one wants to make sure the initial viewer geometry will be big enough to handle
              all subsequent resizes (e.g. under -xrandr, -remote id:windowid, rescaling, etc.)

              In  -unixpw  mode this sets the size of the login screen.  Use "once:WxH" it ignore
              padgeom after the login screen is set up.

       -o logfile

              Write stderr messages to  file  logfile  instead  of  to  the  terminal.   Same  as
              "-logfile  file".   To  append to the file use "-oa file" or "-logappend file".  If
              logfile contains the string "%VNCDISPLAY" it is expanded to the  vnc  display  (the
              name may need to be guessed at.)  "%HOME" works too.

       -flag file

              Write  the "PORT=NNNN" (e.g. PORT=5900) string to file in addition to stdout.  This
              option could be useful by wrapper script to detect when x11vnc is ready.

       -rmflag file

              Remove file at exit to signal when x11vnc is done.  The file is created at  startup
              if it does not already exist or if file is prefixed with "create:".  If the file is
              created, the x11vnc PID is placed in the file.  Otherwise the files contents is not
              changed.  Use prefix "nocreate:" to prevent creation.

       -rc filename

              Use filename instead of $HOME/.x11vncrc for rc file.

       -norc

              Do not process any .x11vncrc file for options.

       -env VAR=VALUE

              Set  the  environment variable 'VAR' to value 'VALUE' at x11vnc startup.  This is a
              convenience utility to avoid shell script wrappers, etc. to set the env. var.   You
              may specify as many of these as needed on the command line.

       -prog /path/to/x11vnc

              Set the full path to the x11vnc program for cases when it cannot be determined from
              argv[0] (e.g. tcpd/inetd)

       -h, -help

              Print this help text.  -?, -opts              Only list the x11vnc options.

       -V, -version

              Print program version and last modification date.

       -license

              Print out license information.  Same as -copying and -warranty.

       -dbg

              Instead of exiting after cleaning up, run a simple "debug crash shell"  when  fatal
              errors are trapped.

       -q, -quiet

              Be  quiet by printing less informational output to stderr. (use -noquiet to undo an
              earlier -quiet.)

              The -quiet option does not eliminate all informational output, it only reduces  it.
              It  is  ignored in most auxiliary usage modes, e.g. -storepasswd.  To eliminate all
              output use: 2>/dev/null 1>&2, etc.

       -v, -verbose

              Print out more information to stderr.

       -bg

              Go into the background after screen setup.  Messages to stderr are lost  unless  -o
              logfile is used.  Something like this could be useful in a script:

              port=`ssh -t $host "x11vnc -display :0 -bg" | grep PORT`

              port=`echo "$port" | sed -e 's/PORT=//'`

              port=`expr $port - 5900`

              vncviewer $host:$port

       -modtweak, -nomodtweak

              Option  -modtweak  automatically  tries to adjust the AltGr and Shift modifiers for
              differing language keyboards between client and host.  Otherwise, only a single key
              press/release  of a Keycode is simulated (i.e. ignoring the state of the modifiers:
              this usually works for identical keyboards).  Also useful in resolving cases  where
              a  Keysym  is bound to multiple keys (e.g. "<" + ">" and "," + "<" keys).  Default:
              -modtweak

              If you are having trouble with with keys and -xkb or  -noxkb,  and  similar  things
              don't help, try -nomodtweak.

              On  some  HP-UX  systems  it is been noted that they have an odd keymapping where a
              single keycode will have a keysym, e.g. "#", up to three times.  You can check  via
              "xmodmap -pk" or the -dk option.  The failure is when you try to type "#" it yields
              "3".   If  you  see   this   problem   try   setting   the   environment   variable
              MODTWEAK_LOWEST=1 to see if it helps.

       -xkb, -noxkb

              When  in  modtweak mode, use the XKEYBOARD extension (if the X display supports it)
              to do the modifier tweaking.  This is powerful and should be  tried  if  there  are
              still  keymapping problems when using -modtweak by itself.  The default is to check
              whether some common keysyms, e.g. !, @, [, are only accessible via -xkb mode and if
              so  then  automatically  enable  the mode.  To disable this automatic detection use
              -noxkb.

              When -xkb mode is active you can set these env. vars.  They apply only  when  there
              is  ambiguity  as  to  which  key  to  choose  (i.e the mapping is not one-to-one).
              NOKEYHINTS=1: for up ascii keystrokes do not use score hints saved when the key was
              pressed  down.  NOANYDOWN=1:  for  up keystrokes do not resort to searching through
              keys that are currently pressed down.  KEYSDOWN=N: remember the last N  keys  press
              down for tie-breaking when an up keystroke comes in.

       -capslock

              When in -modtweak (the default) or -xkb mode, if a keysym in the range A-Z comes in
              check the X server to see if the Caps_Lock is set.  If it is  do  not  artificially
              press  Shift  to  generate the keysym.  This will enable the CapsLock key to behave
              correctly in some circumstances: namely *both*  the  VNC  viewer  machine  and  the
              x11vnc  X server are in the CapsLock on state.  If one side has CapsLock on and the
              other off and the keyboard is not behaving  as  you  think  it  should  you  should
              correct  the  CapsLock  states  (hint:  pressing CapsLock inside and outside of the
              viewer can help toggle them both to the correct state).  However, for best  results
              do  not  use  this option, but rather *only* enable CapsLock on the VNC viewer side
              (i.e. by pressing CapsLock  outside  of  the  viewer  window,  also  -skip_lockkeys
              below).  Also try -nomodtweak for a possible workaround.

       -skip_lockkeys, -noskip_lockkeys

              Have  x11vnc  ignore  all  Caps_Lock,  Shift_Lock,  Num_Lock,  Scroll_Lock  keysyms
              received from viewers.  The idea is you press Caps_Lock on the VNC Viewer side  but
              that does not change the lock state in the x11vnc-side X server.  Nevertheless your
              capitalized letters come in over the wire and are applied correctly to the  x11vnc-
              side X server.  Note this mode probably won't do what you want in -nomodtweak mode.
              Also, a kludge for KP_n digits is always done in this  mode:  they  are  mapped  to
              regular digit keysyms.  See also -capslock above.  The default is -noskip_lockkeys.

       -skip_keycodes string

              Ignore  the  comma  separated list of decimal keycodes.  Perhaps these are keycodes
              not on your keyboard but your X server thinks exist.   Currently  only  applies  to
              -xkb  mode.   Use  this  option  to  help x11vnc in the reverse problem it tries to
              solve: Keysym -> Keycode(s) when ambiguities  exist  (more  than  one  Keycode  per
              Keysym).   Run  'xmodmap  -pk'  to  see  your keymapping.  Example: "-skip_keycodes
              94,114"

       -sloppy_keys

              Experimental option that tries to correct some "sloppy" key behavior.  E.g.  if  at
              the  viewer  you  press  Shift+Key but then release the Shift before Key that could
              give rise to extra unwanted characters (usually only between keyboards of different
              languages).  Only use this option if you observe problems with some keystrokes.

       -skip_dups, -noskip_dups

              Some VNC viewers send impossible repeated key events, e.g. key-down, key-down, key-
              up, key-up all for the same key, or 20 downs in a row for the  same  modifier  key!
              Setting -skip_dups means to skip these duplicates and just process the first event.
              Note: some VNC viewers assume they can send down's without the  corresponding  up's
              and  so you should not set this option for these viewers (symptom: some keys do not
              autorepeat) Default: -noskip_dups

       -add_keysyms, -noadd_keysyms

              If a Keysym is received from a VNC viewer and that Keysym does not exist in  the  X
              server,  then  add  the Keysym to the X server's keyboard mapping on an unused key.
              Added Keysyms will be removed periodically and also when  x11vnc  exits.   Default:
              -add_keysyms

       -clear_mods

              At startup and exit clear the modifier keys by sending KeyRelease for each one. The
              Lock  modifiers  are  skipped.   Used  to  clear  the  state  if  the  display  was
              accidentally left with any pressed down.

       -clear_keys

              As  -clear_mods,  except try to release ANY pressed key.  Note that this option and
              -clear_mods can interfere with a person typing at the physical keyboard.

       -clear_all

              As -clear_keys, except try to release any CapsLock, NumLock, etc. locks as well.

       -remap string

              Read Keysym remappings from file named string.  Format is one pair of  Keysyms  per
              line  (can  be  name  or  hex value) separated by a space.  If no file named string
              exists, it is  instead  interpreted  as  this  form:  key1-key2,key3-key4,...   See
              <X11/keysymdef.h> header file for a list of Keysym names, or use xev(1).

              To  map  a  key  to  a button click, use the fake Keysyms "Button1", ..., etc. E.g:
              "-remap Super_R-Button2" (useful for pasting on a laptop)

              I use these if the machine I am viewing from does not have a scrollwheel or I don't
              like using the one it has:

              -remap Super_R-Button4,Menu-Button5 -remap KP_Add-Button4,KP_Enter-Button5

              the  former  would be used on a PC, the latter on a MacBook.  This way those little
              used keys can be used to generate bigger hops than the Up and Down arrows  provide.
              One  can  scroll  through  text  or  web pages more quickly this way (especially if
              x11vnc scroll detection is active.)

              Use Button44, Button12, etc. for multiple clicks.

              To disable a keysym (i.e. make it  so  it  will  not  be  injected),  remap  it  to
              "NoSymbol" or "None".

              Dead  keys:  "dead" (or silent, mute) keys are keys that do not produce a character
              but must be followed by  a  2nd  keystroke.   This  is  often  used  for  accenting
              characters,  e.g.  to  put "`" on top of "a" by pressing the dead key and then "a".
              Note that this interpretation is not part of core X11, it is up to the  toolkit  or
              application  to  decide  how  to  react  to  the sequence.  The X11 names for these
              keysyms are "dead_grave", "dead_acute", etc.  However some  VNC  viewers  send  the
              keysyms  "grave",  "acute" instead thereby disabling the accenting.  To work around
              this -remap can be used.  For example "-remap grave-dead_grave,acute-dead_acute"

              As a convenience, "-remap DEAD" applies these remaps:

                    g     grave-dead_grave
                    a     acute-dead_acute
                    c     asciicircum-dead_circumflex
                    t     asciitilde-dead_tilde
                    m     macron-dead_macron
                    b     breve-dead_breve
                    D     abovedot-dead_abovedot
                    d     diaeresis-dead_diaeresis
                    o     degree-dead_abovering
                    A     doubleacute-dead_doubleacute
                    r     caron-dead_caron
                    e     cedilla-dead_cedilla

              If you just want a subset use the first letter label, e.g. "-remap DEAD=ga" to  get
              the  first  two.   Additional remaps may also be supplied via commas, e.g.  "-remap
              DEAD=ga,Super_R-Button2".  Finally, "DEAD=missing" means to apply all of the  above
              as long as the left hand member is not already in the X11 keymap.

       -norepeat, -repeat

              Option  -norepeat  disables X server key auto repeat when VNC clients are connected
              and VNC keyboard input is not idle for more than 5 minutes.  This  works  around  a
              repeating  keystrokes bug (triggered by long processing delays between key down and
              key up client events: either from large screen changes or high latency).   Default:
              -norepeat

              You  can  set  the  env. var. X11VNC_IDLE_TIMEOUT to the number of idle seconds you
              want (5min = 300secs).

              Note: your VNC viewer side will likely do autorepeating, so this is no loss  unless
              someone is simultaneously at the real X display.

              Use  "-norepeat  N"  to set how many times norepeat will be reset if something else
              (e.g. X session manager) undoes it.  The default is 2.  Use a  negative  value  for
              unlimited resets.

       -nofb

              Ignore video framebuffer: only process keyboard and pointer.  Intended for use with
              Win2VNC and x2vnc dual-monitor setups.

       -nobell

              Do not watch for XBell events. (no beeps will  be  heard)  Note:  XBell  monitoring
              requires the XKEYBOARD extension.

       -nosel

              Do  not  manage  exchange  of  X  selection/cutbuffer between VNC viewers and the X
              server at all.

       -noprimary

              Do not poll the PRIMARY selection for changes to send back to clients.  (PRIMARY is
              still set on received changes, however).

       -nosetprimary

              Do not set the PRIMARY selection for changes received from VNC clients.

       -noclipboard

              Do  not  poll  the  CLIPBOARD  selection  for  changes  to  send  back  to clients.
              (CLIPBOARD is still set on received changes, however).

       -nosetclipboard

              Do not set the CLIPBOARD selection for changes received from VNC clients.

       -seldir string

              If direction string is "send", only send the selection to viewers,  and  if  it  is
              "recv" only receive it from viewers.  To work around apps setting the selection too
              frequently and messing up the other end.  You can actually supply a comma separated
              list of directions, including "debug" to turn on debugging output.

       -cursor [mode], -nocursor

              Sets  how  the  pointer  cursor  shape (little icon at the mouse pointer) should be
              handled.  The "mode" string is optional and is described below.  The default is  to
              show  some sort of cursor shape(s).  How this is done depends on the VNC viewer and
              the X server.  Use -nocursor to disable cursor shapes completely.

              Some VNC viewers  support  the  TightVNC  CursorPosUpdates  and  CursorShapeUpdates
              extensions  (cuts  down  on  network traffic by not having to send the cursor image
              every time the pointer is moved), in which case  these  extensions  are  used  (see
              -nocursorshape  and  -nocursorpos  below to disable).  For other viewers the cursor
              shape is written directly to the framebuffer every time the  pointer  is  moved  or
              changed  and  gets  sent  along  with the other framebuffer updates.  In this case,
              there will be some lag between  the  vnc  viewer  pointer  and  the  remote  cursor
              position.

              If  the  X  display  supports  retrieving  the  cursor shape information from the X
              server, then the default is to use that mode.  On Solaris this can be done with the
              SUN_OVL  extension  using  -overlay  (see  also  the  -overlay_nocursor option).  A
              similar overlay scheme is used on IRIX.  Xorg (e.g. Linux) and recent Solaris  Xsun
              servers  support the XFIXES extension to retrieve the exact cursor shape from the X
              server.  If XFIXES is present it is preferred over Overlay and is used  by  default
              (see  -noxfixes  below).  This can be disabled with -nocursor, and also some values
              of the "mode" option below.

              Note that under XFIXES cursors with transparency (alpha channel) will  usually  not
              be exactly represented and one may find Overlay preferable.  See also the -alphacut
              and -alphafrac options below as fudge factors to try to improve the  situation  for
              cursors with transparency for a given theme.

              The "mode" string can be used to fine-tune the displaying of cursor shapes.  It can
              be used the following ways:

              "-cursor arrow" - just show the standard arrow nothing more or nothing less.

              "-cursor none" - same as "-nocursor"

              "-cursor X" - when the cursor appears to be on the root window, draw the familiar X
              shape.   Some  desktops  such  as GNOME cover up the root window completely, and so
              this will not work, try "X1", etc, to try to shift the tree depth.  On high latency
              links  or  slow  machines  there will be a time lag between expected and the actual
              cursor shape.

              "-cursor some" - like "X" but use additional heuristics to  try  to  guess  if  the
              window  should  have  a  windowmanager-like  resizer  cursor or a text input I-beam
              cursor.  This is a complete hack, but may be useful in some situations  because  it
              provides a little more feedback about the cursor shape.

              "-cursor  most" - try to show as many cursors as possible.  Often this will only be
              the same as "some" unless the display has  overlay  visuals  or  XFIXES  extensions
              available.   On  Solaris and IRIX if XFIXES is not available, -overlay mode will be
              attempted.

       -cursor_drag

              Show cursor shape changes even when the mouse is being dragged with a mouse  button
              down.   This  is  useful  if you want to be able to see Drag-and-Drop cursor icons,
              etc.

       -arrow n

              Choose an alternate "arrow" cursor from a set of some common ones.  n can be  1  to
              6.  Default is: 1 Ignored when in XFIXES cursor-grabbing mode.

       -noxfixes

              Do  not  use  the  XFIXES  extension  to  draw the exact cursor shape even if it is
              available.

              Note: To work around a crash in Xorg 1.5  and  later  some  people  needed  to  use
              -noxfixes.  The Xorg crash occurred right after a Display Manager (e.g. GDM) login.
              Starting with x11vnc 0.9.9 it tries to automatically avoid using XFIXES until it is
              sure  a window manager is running.  See the -reopen option for more info and how to
              use X11VNC_AVOID_WINDOWS=never to disable it.

       -alphacut n

              When using the XFIXES extension for the cursor  shape,  cursors  with  transparency
              will  not  usually be displayed exactly (but opaque ones will).  This option sets n
              as a cutoff for cursors that have transparency ("alpha channel" with values ranging
              from  0  to  255)  Any cursor pixel with alpha value less than n becomes completely
              transparent.  Otherwise the pixel is completely opaque.  Default 240

       -alphafrac fraction

              With the  threshold  in  -alphacut  some  cursors  will  become  almost  completely
              transparent  because  their  alpha  values  are not high enough.  For those cursors
              adjust the alpha threshold until fraction of  the  non-zero  alpha  channel  pixels
              become opaque.  Default 0.33

       -alpharemove

              By  default,  XFIXES  cursors  pixels  with  transparency  have  the  alpha  factor
              multiplied into the RGB color values  (i.e.  that  corresponding  to  blending  the
              cursor  with  a black background).  Specify this option to remove the alpha factor.
              (useful for light colored semi-transparent cursors).

       -noalphablend

              In XFIXES mode do not send cursor alpha channel data to LibVNCServer.  The  default
              is  to  send it.  The alphablend effect will only be visible in -nocursorshape mode
              or for clients with cursorshapeupdates turned off. (However there  is  a  hack  for
              32bpp  with depth 24, it uses the extra 8 bits to store cursor transparency for use
              with a hacked vncviewer that applies the transparency locally.   See  the  FAQ  for
              more info).

       -nocursorshape

              Do  not  use  the TightVNC CursorShapeUpdates extension even if clients support it.
              See -cursor above.

       -cursorpos, -nocursorpos

              Option -cursorpos enables sending the X cursor position back  to  all  vnc  clients
              that  support  the TightVNC CursorPosUpdates extension.  Other clients will be able
              to see the pointer motions. Default: -cursorpos

       -xwarppointer, -noxwarppointer

              Move the pointer with XWarpPointer(3X) instead of the XTEST extension.  Use this as
              a  workaround  if  the pointer motion behaves incorrectly, e.g.  on touchscreens or
              other non-standard setups.

              It is also sometimes needed on XINERAMA displays  and  is  enabled  by  default  if
              XINERAMA is found to be active.  To prevent this, use -noxwarppointer.

       -always_inject

              Even  if  there  is  no  displacement (dx = dy = 0) for a VNC mouse event force the
              pointer to the indicated x,y position anyway.  Recent (2009) gui  toolkits  (gnome)
              have  problems  with  x11vnc's  original mouse input injection method.  So x11vnc's
              mouse input injection method has been modified.  To regain  the  OLD  behavior  use
              this  option:  -always_inject.  Then x11vnc will always force positioning the mouse
              to the x,y position even if that position has not changed since  the  previous  VNC
              input event.

              The  first place this problem was noticed was in gnome terminal: if you pressed and
              released mouse button 3, a menu was posted and then its first element 'New Terminal
              Window'  was activated.  This was because x11vnc injected the mouse position twice:
              once on ButtonPress and again on ButtonRelease.  The toolkit  interpreted  the  2nd
              one  as  mouse motion even though the mouse hadn't moved.  So now by default x11vnc
              tries to avoid injecting the 2nd one.

              Note that with the new default x11vnc will be oblivious to applications moving  the
              pointer  (warping)  or  the  user  at the physical display moving it.  So it might,
              e.g., inject ButtonRelease at the wrong position.  If this (or  similar  scenarios)
              causes problems in your environment, specify -always_inject for the old method.

       -buttonmap string

              String  to  remap  mouse buttons.  Format: IJK-LMN, this maps buttons I -> L, etc.,
              e.g.  -buttonmap 13-31

              Button presses can also be mapped to keystrokes: replace  a  button  digit  on  the
              right  of  the  dash  with  :<sym>:  or :<sym1>+<sym2>: etc. for multiple keys. For
              example, if the viewing machine has a mouse-wheel (buttons 4 5) but the x11vnc side
              does not, these will do scrolls:

              -buttonmap 12345-123:Prior::Next:

              -buttonmap 12345-123:Up+Up+Up::Down+Down+Down:

              See <X11/keysymdef.h> header file for a list of Keysyms, or use the xev(1) program.
              Note: mapping of button clicks to Keysyms may not work  if  -modtweak  or  -xkb  is
              needed for the Keysym.

              If  you  include a modifier like "Shift_L" the modifier's up/down state is toggled,
              e.g. to send "The" use :Shift_L+t+Shift_L+h+e: (the 1st one is shift down  and  the
              2nd  one  is shift up). (note: the initial state of the modifier is ignored and not
              reset) To include button events use "Button1", ... etc.

              -buttonmap currently does not work on MacOSX console or in -rawfb mode.

              Workaround: use -buttonmap IJ...-LM...=n to limit the number of mouse buttons to n,
              e.g.  123-123=3.   This  will  prevent x11vnc from crashing if the X server reports
              there are 5 buttons (4/5 scroll wheel), but there are only really 3.

       -nodragging

              Do not update the display during mouse dragging events (mouse  button  held  down).
              Greatly  improves  response  on  slow  setups, but you lose all visual feedback for
              drags, text selection, and some menu traversals.  It  overrides  any  -pointer_mode
              setting.

       -ncache n

              Client-side  caching  scheme.   Framebuffer memory n (an integer) times that of the
              full display is allocated below the actual framebuffer to cache screen contents for
              rapid retrieval.  So a W x H frambuffer is expanded to a W x (n+1)*H one.  Use 0 to
              disable.

              The n is actually optional, the default is 10.

              For this and the other -ncache* options below you  can  abbreviate  "-ncache"  with
              "-nc".  Also, "-nonc" is the same as "-ncache 0"

              This  is an experimental option, currently implemented in an awkward way in that in
              the VNC Viewer you can see the pixel cache contents if you scroll  down,  etc.   So
              you  will  have  to  set things up so you can't see that region.  If this method is
              successful, the changes required for clients to do  this  less  awkwardly  will  be
              investigated.

              The  SSVNC  viewer  does a good job at automatically hiding the pixel cache region.
              Or use SSVNC's -ycrop option to explicitly hide the region.

              Note that this mode consumes a huge amount of memory, both  on  the  x11vnc  server
              side  and  on  the  VNC Viewer side.  If n=2 then the amount of RAM used is roughly
              tripled for both x11vnc and the  VNC  Viewer.   As  a  rule  of  thumb,  note  that
              1280x1024 at depth 24 is about 5MB of pixel data.

              For  reasonable  response  when  cycling  through  4  to 6 large (e.g. web browser)
              windows a value n of 6 to 12 is recommended. (that's right: ~10X more memory...)

              Because of the way window backingstore and saveunders are implemented,  n  must  be
              even.  It will be incremented by 1 if it is not.

              This  mode  also  works  for  native  MacOS X, but may not be as effective as the X
              version.  This is due to a number of things, one  is  the  drop-shadow  compositing
              that leaves extra areas that need to be repaired (see -ncache_pad).  Another is the
              window iconification animations need to be avoided (see -macicontime).  It  appears
              the  that  the  'Scale'  animation  mode gives better results than the 'Genie' one.
              Also, window event detection not as accurate as the X version.

       -ncache_cr

              In -ncache mode, try to do copyrect opaque window moves/drags instead of wireframes
              (this  can induce painting errors).  The wireframe will still be used when moving a
              window whose save-unders has not yet been set or has been invalidated.

              Some VNC Viewers provide better response than others with this  option.   On  Unix,
              realvnc  viewer  gives  smoother  drags than tightvnc viewer.  Response may also be
              choppy if the server side machine is too slow.

              Sometimes on very slow  modem  connections,  this  actually  gives  an  improvement
              because no pixel data at all (not even the box animation) is sent during the drag.

       -ncache_no_moveraise

              In  -ncache  mode, do not assume that moving a window will cause the window manager
              to raise it to the top of the stack.  The default is to assume it does, and  so  at
              the  beginning of any wireframe, etc, window moves the window will be pushed to top
              in the VNC viewer.

       -ncache_no_dtchange

              In -ncache mode, do not try to guess when the desktop (viewport) changes to another
              one  (i.e. another workarea).  The default is to try to guess and when detected try
              to make the transistion more smoothly.

       -ncache_no_rootpixmap

              In -ncache mode, do not try to snapshot the desktop background to use  in  guessing
              or reconstructing window save-unders.

       -ncache_keep_anims

              In  -ncache mode, do not try to disable window manager animations and other effects
              (that usually degrade ncache performance or cause painting errors).  The default is
              to try to disable them on KDE (but not GNOME) when VNC clients are connected.

              For   other   window   managers  or  desktops  that  provide  animations,  effects,
              compositing, translucency, etc. that interfere with the  -ncache  method  you  will
              have to disable them manually.

       -ncache_old_wm

              In  -ncache mode, enable some heuristics for old style window managers such as fvwm
              and twm.

       -ncache_pad n

              In -ncache mode, pad each window with n pixels for the  caching  rectangles.   This
              can  be  used to try to improve the situation with dropshadows or other compositing
              (e.g. MacOS X window manager), although it could make things worse.  The default is
              0 on Unix and 24 on MacOS X.

       -debug_ncache

              Turn on debugging and profiling output under -ncache.

       -wireframe [str], -nowireframe

              Try  to  detect window moves or resizes when a mouse button is held down and show a
              wireframe instead  of  the  full  opaque  window.   This  is  based  completely  on
              heuristics  and may not always work: it depends on your window manager and even how
              you move things around.  See -pointer_mode below for  discussion  of  the  "bogging
              down" problem this tries to avoid.  Default: -wireframe

              Shorter aliases:  -wf [str]  and -nowf

              The  value "str" is optional and, of course, is packed with many tunable parameters
              for this scheme:

              Format:          shade,linewidth,percent,T+B+L+R,mod,t1+t2+t3+t4           Default:
              0xff,2,0,32+8+8+8,all,0.15+0.30+5.0+0.125

              If  you leave nothing between commas: ",," the default value is used.  If you don't
              specify enough commas, the trailing parameters are set to their defaults.

              "shade" indicate the "color" for the wireframe, usually a greyscale: 0-255, however
              for  16 and 32bpp you can specify an rgb.txt X color (e.g. "dodgerblue") or a value
              > 255 is treated as RGB (e.g. red is 0xff0000).  "linewidth" sets the width of  the
              wireframe  in  pixels.   "percent"  indicates  to not apply the wireframe scheme to
              windows with area less than this percent of the full screen.

              "T+B+L+R" indicates four integers for how close in pixels the  pointer  has  to  be
              from  the  Top, Bottom, Left, or Right edges of the window to consider wireframing.
              This is a speedup to quickly exclude a window from being wireframed: set  them  all
              to  zero  to  not  try  the  speedup  (scrolling  and selecting text will likely be
              slower).

              "mod" specifies if a button down event  in  the  interior  of  the  window  with  a
              modifier  key  (Alt, Shift, etc.) down should indicate a wireframe opportunity.  It
              can be "0" or "none" to skip it, "1" or "all" to  apply  it  to  any  modifier,  or
              "Shift",  "Alt", "Control", "Meta", "Super", or "Hyper" to only apply for that type
              of modifier key.

              "t1+t2+t3+t4" specify four floating point times in seconds: t1 is how long to  wait
              for  the  pointer to move, t2 is how long to wait for the window to start moving or
              being resized (for some window managers this can be rather long), t3 is how long to
              keep  a  wireframe  moving  before  repainting  the  window. t4 is the minimum time
              between sending wireframe "animations".  If a slow link is detected,  these  values
              may be automatically changed to something better for a slow link.

       -nowireframelocal

              By  default, mouse motion and button presses of a user sitting at the LOCAL display
              are monitored for wireframing opportunities (so  that  the  changes  will  be  sent
              efficiently to the VNC clients).  Use this option to disable this behavior.

       -wirecopyrect mode, -nowirecopyrect

              Since  the  -wireframe  mechanism  evidently  tracks  moving  windows accurately, a
              speedup can be obtained by telling the VNC viewers to locally copy  the  translated
              window  region.   This is the VNC CopyRect encoding: the framebuffer update doesn't
              need to send the actual new image data.

              Shorter aliases:  -wcr [mode]  and -nowcr

              "mode" can be "never" (same as -nowirecopyrect) to never try  the  copyrect,  "top"
              means  only  do it if the window was not covered by any other windows, and "always"
              means to translate the orginally unobscured  region  (this  may  look  odd  as  the
              remaining pieces come in, but helps on a slow link).  Default: "always"

              Note:  there  can  be painting errors or slow response when using -scale so you may
              want to disable CopyRect in this case "-wirecopyrect never" on the command line  or
              by remote-control.  Or you can also use the "-scale xxx:nocr" scale option.

       -debug_wireframe

              Turn  on debugging info printout for the wireframe heuristics.  "-dwf" is an alias.
              Specify multiple times for more output.

       -scrollcopyrect mode, -noscrollcopyrect

              Like -wirecopyrect, but use heuristics to try to guess if a window has scrolled its
              contents (either vertically or horizontally).  This requires the RECORD X extension
              to "snoop" on X applications (currently for certain XCopyArea and  XConfigureWindow
              X  protocol  requests).   Examples:  Hitting <Return> in a terminal window when the
              cursor was at the bottom, the text scrolls up one line.  Hitting <Down> arrow in  a
              web  browser  window,  the web page scrolls up a small amount.  Or scrolling with a
              scrollbar or mouse wheel.

              Shorter aliases:  -scr [mode]  and -noscr

              This scheme will not always detect scrolls, but  when  it  does  there  is  a  nice
              speedup  from  using the VNC CopyRect encoding (see -wirecopyrect).  The speedup is
              both in reduced network traffic and reduced X framebuffer polling/copying.  On  the
              other  hand,  it  may  induce  undesired  transients  (e.g. a terminal cursor being
              scrolled up when it should not  be)  or  other  painting  errors  (window  tearing,
              bunching-up, etc).  These are automatically repaired in a short period of time.  If
              this is unacceptable disable the feature with -noscrollcopyrect.

              Screen clearing  kludges:   for  testing  at  least,  there  are  some  "magic  key
              sequences"  (must  be  done in less than 1 second) to aid repairing painting errors
              that may be seen when using this mode:

              3 Alt_L's   in a row: resend whole screen, 4 Alt_L's   in a row: reread and  resend
              whole screen, 3 Super_L's in a row: mark whole screen for polling, 4 Super_L's in a
              row: reset RECORD context, 5 Super_L's in a row: try to push a black screen

              note: Alt_L is the Left "Alt" key (a single key) Super_L is the  Left  "Super"  key
              (Windows  flag).   Both  of  these  are  modifier  keys, and so should not generate
              characters when pressed by themselves.  Also, your VNC  viewer  may  have  its  own
              refresh hot-key or button.

              "mode" can be "never" (same as -noscrollcopyrect) to never try the copyrect, "keys"
              means to try it in response to keystrokes only, "mouse" means to try it in response
              to mouse events only, "always" means to do both. Default: "always"

              Note:  there  can  be painting errors or slow response when using -scale so you may
              want to disable CopyRect in this case "-scrollcopyrect never" on the  command  line
              or by remote-control.  Or you can also use the "-scale xxx:nocr" scale option.

       -scr_area n

              Set  the  minimum  area  in  pixels  for  a  rectangle  to  be  considered  for the
              -scrollcopyrect detection scheme.  This is to avoid wasting  the  effort  on  small
              rectangles  that  would  be  quickly  updated  the normal way.  E.g. suppose an app
              updated the position of its skinny scrollbar first and then shifted the large panel
              it  controlled.   We  want to be sure to skip the small scrollbar and get the large
              panel. Default: 60000

       -scr_skip list

              Skip scroll detection for applications matching the comma separated list of strings
              in  list.   Some  applications  implement their scrolling in strange ways where the
              XCopyArea, etc, also applies to invisible portions of the window:  if  we  CopyRect
              those  areas it looks awful during the scroll and there may be painting errors left
              after the scroll.  Soffice.bin is the worst known offender.

              Use "##" to denote the start of the application class (e.g. "##XTerm") and "++"  to
              denote  the  start  of  the application instance name (e.g. "++xterm").  The string
              your list is matched against is of the  form  "^^WM_NAME##Class++Instance<same-for-
              any-subwindows>" The "xlsclients -la" command will provide this info.

              If a pattern is prefixed with "KEY:" it only applies to Keystroke generated scrolls
              (e.g. Up arrow).  If it is prefixed with "MOUSE:" it only applies to Mouse  induced
              scrolls       (e.g.       dragging       on       a      scrollbar).       Default:
              ##Soffice.bin,##StarOffice,##OpenOffice

       -scr_inc list

              Opposite of -scr_skip: this list is consulted first and if there  is  a  match  the
              window  will  be  monitored  via RECORD for scrolls irrespective of -scr_skip.  Use
              -scr_skip '*' to skip anything that does not match your -scr_inc.  Use -scr_inc '*'
              to include everything.

       -scr_keys list

              For  keystroke  scroll  detection,  only  apply  the RECORD heuristics to the comma
              separated list of keysyms in list.  You may find the RECORD overhead for every  one
              of  your  keystrokes  disrupts  typing  too much, but you don't want to turn it off
              completely with "-scr mouse" and -scr_parms does not work or is too confusing.

              The listed keysyms can be numeric or the  keysym  names  in  the  <X11/keysymdef.h>
              header  file or from the xev(1) program.  Example: "-scr_keys Up,Down,Return".  One
              probably wants to have application specific lists (e.g.  for  terminals,  etc)  but
              that is too icky to think about for now...

              If  list  begins  with  the "-" character the list is taken as an exclude list: all
              keysyms except those list will be considered.  The special string "builtin" expands
              to  an  internal list of keysyms that are likely to cause scrolls.  BTW, by default
              modifier keys, Shift_L, Control_R, etc, are skipped since they almost never  induce
              scrolling by themselves.

       -scr_term list

              Yet  another  cosmetic  kludge.   Apply  shell/terminal  heuristics to applications
              matching comma separated list (same as for  -scr_skip/-scr_inc).   For  example  an
              annoying  transient  under scroll detection is if you hit Enter in a terminal shell
              with full text window, the solid text cursor block will be scrolled up.  So  for  a
              short  time there are two (or more) block cursors on the screen.  There are similar
              scenarios, (e.g. an output line is duplicated).

              These transients are induced by the approximation  of  scroll  detection  (e.g.  it
              detects  the scroll, but not the fact that the block cursor was cleared just before
              the scroll).  In nearly all cases these transient errors are repaired when the true
              X  framebuffer  is  consulted  by the normal polling.  But they are distracting, so
              what this option provides is extra  "padding"  near  the  bottom  of  the  terminal
              window:  a few extra lines near the bottom will not be scrolled, but rather updated
              from the actual X framebuffer.  This usually reduces the annoying  artifacts.   Use
              "none" to disable.  Default: "term"

       -scr_keyrepeat lo-hi

              If  a  key  is  held  down  (or otherwise repeats rapidly) and this induces a rapid
              sequence of scrolls (e.g. holding down an Arrow key) the "scrollcopyrect" detection
              and  overhead  may  not  be  able to keep up.  A time per single scroll estimate is
              performed and if that estimate predicts a sustainable scrollrate of keys per second
              between  "lo"  and  "hi"  then  repeated  keys  will  be  DISCARDED to maintain the
              scrollrate. For example your key autorepeat may be 25 keys/sec,  but  for  a  large
              window  or slow link only 8 scrolls per second can be sustained, then roughly 2 out
              of every 3 repeated keys will be discarded during this period. Default: "4-20"

       -scr_parms string

              Set various parameters for the scrollcopyrect mode.  The format is similar to  that
              for -wireframe and packed with lots of parameters:

              Format:                   T+B+L+R,t1+t2+t3,s1+s2+s3+s4+s5                  Default:
              0+64+32+32,0.02+0.10+0.9,0.03+0.06+0.5+0.1+5.0

              If you leave nothing between commas: ",," the default value is used.  If you  don't
              specify enough commas, the trailing parameters are set to their defaults.

              "T+B+L+R"  indicates  four  integers  for how close in pixels the pointer has to be
              from  the  Top,  Bottom,  Left,  or  Right  edges  of  the   window   to   consider
              scrollcopyrect.   If -wireframe overlaps it takes precedence.  This is a speedup to
              quickly exclude a window from being watched for scrollcopyrect:  set  them  all  to
              zero to not try the speedup (things like selecting text will likely be slower).

              "t1+t2+t3"   specify   three   floating  point  times  in  seconds  that  apply  to
              scrollcopyrect detection with *Keystroke* input: t1 is how long to wait after a key
              is  pressed  for the first scroll, t2 is how long to keep looking after a Keystroke
              scroll for more scrolls.  t3  is  how  frequently  to  try  to  update  surrounding
              scrollbars outside of the scrolling area (0.0 to disable)

              "s1+s2+s3+s4+s5"  specify  five  floating  point  times  in  seconds  that apply to
              scrollcopyrect detection with *Mouse* input: s1 is how long to wait after  a  mouse
              button  is  pressed  for  the  first  scroll,  s2  is  how long to keep waiting for
              additional scrolls after the first Mouse scroll was detected.  s3 is how frequently
              to  try  to  update  surrounding  scrollbars  outside of the scrolling area (0.0 to
              disable).  s4 is how long to buffer pointer motion (to try  to  get  fewer,  bigger
              mouse  scrolls).  s5  is  the maximum time to spend just updating the scroll window
              without updating the rest of the screen.

       -fixscreen string

              Periodically "repair" the screen based on settings in string.  Hopefully you  won't
              need   this   option,  it  is  intended  for  cases  when  the  -scrollcopyrect  or
              -wirecopyrect features leave too many painting errors, but it can be used  for  any
              scenario.   This  option periodically performs costly operations and so interactive
              response may be reduced when it is on.  You can use 3 Alt_L's (the Left "Alt"  key)
              taps  in  a  row (as described under -scrollcopyrect) instead to manually request a
              screen repaint when it is needed.

              string is a comma separated list of one or more of  the  following:  "V=t",  "C=t",
              "X=t",  and  "8=t".   In  these  "t" stands for a time in seconds (it is a floating
              point even though one should usually use values > 2 to avoid wasting resources).  V
              sets  how  frequently the entire screen should be sent to viewers (it is like the 3
              Alt_L's).  C sets how long to wait after a CopyRect to repaint the full screen.   X
              sets  how  frequently to reread the full X11 framebuffer from the X server and push
              it out to connected viewers.  Use of X should be rare, please report a bug  if  you
              find  you  need  it.  8=  applies  only for -8to24 mode: it sets how often the non-
              default visual regions of the screen (e.g. 8bpp windows) are refreshed.   Examples:
              -fixscreen V=10 -fixscreen C=10

       -debug_scroll

              Turn  on  debugging  info  printout  for the scroll heuristics.  "-ds" is an alias.
              Specify it multiple times for more output.

       -noxrecord

              Disable  any  use  of  the  RECORD  extension.   This  is  currently  used  by  the
              -scrollcopyrect scheme and to monitor X server grabs.

       -grab_buster, -nograb_buster

              Some  of  the  use  of the RECORD extension can leave a tiny window for XGrabServer
              deadlock.  This is only if the whole-server grabbing application expects  mouse  or
              keyboard input before releasing the grab.  It is usually a window manager that does
              this.  x11vnc takes care to avoid the problem, but if caught  x11vnc  will  freeze.
              Without  -grab_buster,  the only solution is to go the physical display and give it
              some input to satisfy the grabbing app.  Or manually kill and  restart  the  window
              manager  if  that is feasible.  With -grab_buster, x11vnc will fork a helper thread
              and if x11vnc appears to be stuck in a grab after a period of time (20-30 sec) then
              it  will inject some user input: button clicks, Escape, mouse motion, etc to try to
              break the grab.  If you experience a lot of grab deadlock, please report a bug.

       -debug_grabs

              Turn on  debugging  info  printout  with  respect  to  XGrabServer()  deadlock  for
              -scrollcopyrect__mode_.

       -debug_sel

              Turn  on debugging info printout with respect to PRIMARY, CLIPBOARD, and CUTBUFFER0
              selections.

       -pointer_mode n

              Various pointer motion update schemes. "-pm" is an alias.  The problem  is  pointer
              motion  can  cause rapid changes on the screen: consider the rapid changes when you
              drag a large window around opaquely.   Neither  x11vnc's  screen  polling  and  vnc
              compression  routines  nor  the bandwidth to the vncviewers can keep up these rapid
              screen changes: everything will bog down when dragging or scrolling.  So  a  scheme
              has to be used to "eat" much of that pointer input before re-polling the screen and
              sending out framebuffer updates. The mode number n can be 0 to 4 and selects one of
              the schemes desribed below.

              Note  that  the  -wireframe and -scrollcopyrect__mode_s complement -pointer_mode by
              detecting (and improving) certain periods of "rapid screen change".

              n=0: does the same as -nodragging. (all screen polling  is  suspended  if  a  mouse
              button is pressed.)

              n=1:  was  the  original  scheme  used  to  about Jan 2004: it basically just skips
              -input_skip keyboard or pointer events before repolling the screen.

              n=2 is an improved scheme: by watching the current rate of input events it tries to
              detect if it should try to "eat" additional pointer events before continuing.

              n=3  is  basically a dynamic -nodragging mode: it detects when the mouse motion has
              paused and then refreshes the display.

              n=4 attempts to measures network rates and latency, the video card read  rate,  and
              how  many  tiles have been changed on the screen.  From this, it aggressively tries
              to push screen "frames" when it decides it has enough  resources  to  do  so.   NOT
              FINISHED.

              The  default  n is 2. Note that modes 2, 3, 4 will skip -input_skip keyboard events
              (but it will not count pointer  events).   Also  note  that  these  modes  are  not
              available in -threads mode which has its own pointer event handling mechanism.

              To try out the different pointer modes to see which one gives the best response for
              your usage, it is convenient to  use  the  remote  control  function,  for  example
              "x11vnc -R pm:4" or the tcl/tk gui (Tuning -> pointer_mode -> n).

       -input_skip n

              For  the pointer handling when non-threaded: try to read n user input events before
              scanning display. n < 0 means  to  act  as  though  there  is  always  user  input.
              Default: 10

       -allinput

              Have x11vnc read and process all available client input before proceeding.

       -input_eagerly

              Similar   to  -allinput  but  use  the  handleEventsEagerly  mechanism  built  into
              LibVNCServer.

       -speeds rd,bw,lat

              x11vnc tries to estimate some speed parameters that are used to optimize scheduling
              (e.g.  -pointer_mode  4,  -wireframe,  -scrollcopyrect)  and other things.  Use the
              -speeds option to set these manually.  The triple rd,bw,lat  corresponds  to  video
              h/w  read  rate  in  MB/sec,  network  bandwidth  to clients in KB/sec, and network
              latency to clients in milliseconds, respectively.  If a value is left  blank,  e.g.
              "-speeds ,100,15", then the internal scheme is used to estimate the empty value(s).

              Typical  PC  video  cards have read rates of 5-10 MB/sec.  If the framebuffer is in
              main memory instead of video h/w (e.g. SunRay, shadowfb, dummy driver,  Xvfb),  the
              read  rate  may  be much faster.  "x11perf -getimage500" can be used to get a lower
              bound (remember to factor in the bytes per pixel).  It is up to you to estimate the
              network  bandwith  and latency to clients.  For the latency the ping(1) command can
              be used.

              For convenience there are some aliases provided, e.g. "-speeds modem".  The aliases
              are: "modem" for 6,4,200; "dsl" for 6,100,50; and "lan" for 6,5000,1

       -wmdt string

              For  some  features, e.g. -wireframe and -scrollcopyrect, x11vnc has to work around
              issues for certain window managers  or  desktops  (currently  kde  and  xfce).   By
              default it tries to guess which one, but it can guess incorrectly.  Use this option
              to indicate which wm/dt.  string can be "gnome", "kde", "cde",  "xfce",  or  "root"
              (classic X wm).  Anything else is interpreted as "root".

       -debug_pointer

              Print debugging output for every pointer event.

       -debug_keyboard

              Print debugging output for every keyboard event.

       Same as -dp and -dk, respectively.  Use multiple times for more output.

       -defer time

              Time  in  ms  to  delay  sending  updates  to  connected  clients (deferUpdateTime)
              Default: 20

       -wait time

              Time in ms to pause between screen polls.  Used to cut down on load.  Default: 20

       -extra_fbur n

              Perform extra FrameBufferUpdateRequests checks to try to be in better sync with the
              client's  requests.   What this does is perform extra polls of the client socket at
              critical times (before '-defer' and '-wait' calls.)  The default is n=1.  Set to  a
              larger  number to insert more checks or set to n=0 to disable.  A downside of these
              extra calls is that more mouse input may be processed than desired.

       -wait_ui factor

              Factor by which to cut the -wait time if there has been recent user input  (pointer
              or  keyboard).   Improves  response, but increases the load whenever you are moving
              the mouse or typing.  Default: 2.00

       -setdefer n

              When the -wait_ui mechanism cuts down the wait time ms, set the defer time  to  the
              same  ms  value.  n=1 to enable, 0 to disable, and -1 to set defer to 0 (no delay).
              Similarly, 2 and -2 indicate 'urgent_update'  mode  should  be  used  to  push  the
              updates even sooner.  Default: 1

       -nowait_bog

              Do  not  detect  if  the  screen  polling  is  "bogging down" and sleep more.  Some
              activities with no user input can slow things down a lot: consider a large terminal
              window  with  a  long  build  running in it continuously streaming text output.  By
              default x11vnc will try to detect this (3 screen polls in a row  each  longer  than
              0.25  sec  with  no user input), and sleep up to 1.5 secs to let things "catch up".
              Use this option to disable that detection.

       -slow_fb time

              Floating point time in seconds to delay all screen polling.   For  special  purpose
              usage  where  a  low  frame rate is acceptable and desirable, but you want the user
              input processed at the normal rate so you cannot use -wait.

       -xrefresh time

              Floating point time in seconds to indicate  how  often  to  do  the  equivalent  of
              xrefresh(1)  to  force  all windows (in the viewable area if -id, -sid, or -clip is
              used) to repaint themselves.  Use  this  only  if  applications  misbehave  by  not
              repainting themselves properly.  See also -noxdamage.

       -nap, -nonap

              Monitor  activity  and if it is low take longer naps between screen polls to really
              cut down load when idle.  Default: take naps

       -sb time

              Time in seconds after NO activity (e.g. screen blank) to really throttle  down  the
              screen  polls  (i.e.  sleep for about 1.5 secs). Use 0 to disable.  Default: 60 Set
              the env. var. X11VNC_SB_FACTOR to scale it.

       -readtimeout n

              Set LibVNCServer rfbMaxClientWait to n seconds. On slow links that take a long time
              to paint the first screen LibVNCServer may hit the timeout and drop the connection.
              Default: 20 seconds.

       -ping n

              Send a 1x1 framebuffer update to all clients every n seconds (e.g. to try to keep a
              network connection alive)

       -nofbpm, -fbpm

              If  the  system  supports  the FBPM (Frame Buffer Power Management) extension (i.e.
              some Sun systems), then prevent the video h/w from going into a reduced power state
              when VNC clients are connected.

              FBPM  capable  video h/w save energy when the workstation is idle by going into low
              power states (similar to DPMS for monitors).  This interferes with x11vnc's polling
              of the framebuffer data.

              "-nofbpm"  means  prevent FBPM low power states whenever VNC clients are connected,
              while "-fbpm" means to not monitor the FBPM state at all.  See the xset(1)  manpage
              for  details.   -nofbpm  is  basically  the  same  as  running "xset fbpm force on"
              periodically.  Default: -fbpm

       -nodpms, -dpms

              If the system supports the DPMS (Display  Power  Management  Signaling)  extension,
              then prevent the monitor from going into a reduced power state when VNC clients are
              connected.

              DPMS reduced power monitor states are a good thing and you normally want the  power
              down  to  take  place  (usually x11vnc has no problem exporting the display in this
              state).  You probably only want to use  "-nodpms"  to  work  around  problems  with
              Screen  Savers  kicking  on  in DPMS low power states.  There is known problem with
              kdesktop_lock on KDE where the screen saver keeps kicking in every time user  input
              stops for a second or two.  Specifying "-nodpms" works around it.

              "-nodpms"  means  prevent DPMS low power states whenever VNC clients are connected,
              while "-dpms" means to not monitor the DPMS state at all.  See the xset(1)  manpage
              for  details.   -nodpms  is  basically  the  same  as  running "xset dpms force on"
              periodically.  Default: -dpms

       -forcedpms

              If the system supports the DPMS (Display  Power  Management  Signaling)  extension,
              then  try  to  keep  the  monitor in a powered off state.  This is to prevent nosey
              people at the physical display from viewing what is on the screen.  Be sure to lock
              the screen before disconnecting.

              This  method  is  far  from  bullet proof, e.g. suppose someone attaches a non-DPMS
              monitor, or loads the machine so that there is a gap of time before x11vnc restores
              the  powered  off  state?  On many machines if he floods it with keyboard and mouse
              input he can see flashes of what is on the screen before  the  DPMS  off  state  is
              reestablished.   For  this to work securely there would need to be support in the X
              server to do this exactly rather than approximately with DPMS.

       -clientdpms

              As -forcedpms but only when VNC clients are connected.

       -noserverdpms

              The UltraVNC ServerInput extension is supported.  This allows  the  VNC  viewer  to
              click  a  button that will cause the server (x11vnc) to try to disable keyboard and
              mouse input at the physical display and put the monitor in dpms powered off  state.
              Use this option to skip powering off the monitor.

       -noultraext

              Disable  the  following  UltraVNC  extensions:  SingleWindow  and ServerInput.  The
              others managed by LibVNCServer (textchat, 1/n scaling, rfbEncodingUltra) are not.

       -chatwindow

              Place a local UltraVNC chat window on the X11 display that x11vnc is polling.  That
              way  the person on the VNC viewer-side can chat with the person at the physical X11
              console. (e.g. helpdesk w/o telephone)

              For this to work the SSVNC package (version 1.0.21 or later) MUST BE  installed  on
              the  system  where  x11vnc runs and the 'ssvnc' command must be available in $PATH.
              The    ssvncviewer    is    used    as    a    chat     window     helper.      See
              http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html

              This  option  implies  '-rfbversion 3.6' so as to trick UltraVNC viewers, otherwise
              they assume chat is not available.  To specify a  different  rfbversion,  place  it
              after the -chatwindow option on the cmdline.

              See  also the remote control 'chaton' and 'chatoff' actions.  These can also be set
              from the tkx11vnc GUI.

       -noxdamage

              Do not use the X DAMAGE extension to detect  framebuffer  changes  even  if  it  is
              available.  Use -xdamage if your default is to have it off.

              x11vnc's  use  of  the DAMAGE extension: 1) significantly reduces the load when the
              screen is not changing much, and 2) detects changed areas (small ones  by  default)
              more quickly.

              Currently the DAMAGE extension is overly conservative and often reports large areas
              (e.g. a whole terminal or browser window) as damaged even though the actual changed
              region  is  much  smaller  (sometimes  just  a  few  pixels).   So  heuristics were
              introduced to skip large areas and use the damage rectangles only  as  "hints"  for
              the  traditional  scanline polling.  The following tuning parameters are introduced
              to adjust this behavior:

       -xd_area A

              Set the largest DAMAGE rectangle area A (in pixels: width *  height)  to  trust  as
              truly  damaged:  the rectangle will be copied from the framebuffer (slow) no matter
              what.  Set to zero to trust *all* rectangles. Default: 20000

       -xd_mem f

              Set how long DAMAGE rectangles should be "remembered", f is a floating point number
              and  is  in  units  of the scanline repeat cycle time (32 iterations).  The default
              (1.0) should give no painting problems.  Increase  it  if  there  are  problems  or
              decrease it to live on the edge (perhaps useful on a slow machine).

       -sigpipe string

              Broken  pipe  (SIGPIPE)  handling.  string can be "ignore" or "exit".  For "ignore"
              LibVNCServer will handle the abrupt loss of  a  client  and  continue,  for  "exit"
              x11vnc will cleanup and exit at the 1st broken connection.

              This  option is not really needed since LibVNCServer is doing the correct thing now
              for quite some time.  However, for convenience you  can  use  it  to  ignore  other
              signals,  e.g. "-sigpipe ignore:HUP,INT,TERM" in case that would be useful for some
              sort of application.  You can also put "exit:.." in the list to have x11vnc cleanup
              on  the  listed  signals.  "-sig" is an alias for this option if you don't like the
              'pipe'. Example: -sig ignore:INT,TERM,exit:USR1

       -threads, -nothreads

              Whether or not to use the  threaded  LibVNCServer  algorithm  [rfbRunEventLoop]  if
              libpthread  is  available.   In  this  mode  new threads (one for input and one for
              output) are created to handle each new client.  Default: -nothreads.

              Thread stability is much improved in version 0.9.8.

              Multiple clients in threaded mode should be stable for the  ZRLE  encoding  on  all
              platforms.   The  Tight  and  Zlib encodings are currently only stable on Linux for
              multiple clients.  Compile with -DTLS=__thread if your OS and compiler  and  linker
              support it.

              For  resizes  (randr,  etc.)  set  this  env. var. to the number of milliseconds to
              sleep: X11VNC_THREADS_NEW_FB_SLEEP at various places  in  the  do_new_fb()  action.
              This is to let various activities settle.  Default is about 500ms.

              Multiple  clients  in threaded mode could yield better performance for 'class-room'
              broadcasting usage; also in  -appshare  broadcast  mode.   See  also  the  -reflect
              option.

       -fs f

              If  the  fraction of changed tiles in a poll is greater than f, the whole screen is
              updated.  Default: 0.75

       -gaps n

              Heuristic to fill in gaps in rows or cols of n or less tiles.  Used to improve text
              paging.  Default: 4

       -grow n

              Heuristic to grow islands of changed tiles n or wider by checking the tile near the
              boundary.  Default: 3

       -fuzz n

              Tolerance in pixels to mark a tiles edges as changed.  Default: 2

       -debug_tiles

              Print debugging output for tiles, fb updates, etc.

       -snapfb

              Instead of polling the X display framebuffer (fb) for  changes,  periodically  copy
              all  of  X  display  fb  into main memory and examine that copy for changes.  (This
              setting also applies for non-X -rawfb modes).  Under some circumstances  this  will
              improve  interactive response, or at least make things look smoother, but in others
              (most!) it will make the response worse.  If the video h/w fb is such that  reading
              small  tiles  is  very  slow  this mode could help.  To keep the "framerate" up the
              screen size x bpp cannot be too large.  Note that this mode  is  very  wasteful  of
              memory I/O resources (it makes full screen copies even if nothing changes).  It may
              be of use in video capture-like applications, webcams, or where window tearing is a
              problem.

       -rawfb string

              Instead of polling X, poll the memory object specified in string.

              For  file  polling,  to memory map mmap(2) a file use: "map:/path/to/a/file@WxHxB",
              with framebuffer Width, Height, and Bits per pixel.  "mmap:..." is the same.

              If there is trouble with mmap, use "file:/..."  for slower lseek(2) based reading.

              Use "snap:..." to imply -snapfb mode and the "file:" access (this is for unseekable
              devices  that  only  provide  the  fb all at once, e.g. a video camera provides the
              whole frame).

              For shared memory segments string is of the form: "shm:N@WxHxB" which  specifies  a
              shmid N and with WxHxB as above.  See shmat(1) and ipcs(1)

              If  you  do  not  supply  a  type "map" is assumed if the file exists (see the next
              paragraphs for some exceptions to this.)

              If string is "setup:cmd", then the command "cmd" is run and the first line from  it
              is  read  and  used  as  string.   This allows initializing the device, determining
              WxHxB, etc. These are often done as root so take care.

              If the string begins with "video", see the VIDEO4LINUX discussion below  where  the
              device may be queried for (and possibly set) the framebuffer parameters.

              If  the  string  begins  with  "console",  "/dev/fb",  "fb", or "vt", see the LINUX
              CONSOLE discussion below where the framebuffer device is opened and keystrokes (and
              possibly mouse events) are inserted into the console.

              If  the  string  begins  with  "vnc",  see  the VNC HOST discussion below where the
              framebuffer is taken as that of another remote VNC server.

              Optional suffixes are ":R/G/B" and "+O" to specify red, green, and blue  masks  (in
              hex)  and  an  offset into the memory object.  If the masks are not provided x11vnc
              guesses them based on the bpp (if the colors look wrong, you need  to  provide  the
              masks.)

              Another  optional  suffix  is  the Bytes Per Line which in some cases is not WxB/8.
              Specify it as WxHxB-BPL e.g. 800x600x16-2048.  This could be a normal width 1024 at
              16bpp fb, but only width 800 shows up.

              So the full format is: mode:file@WxHxB:R/G/B+O-BPL

              Examples:

              -rawfb shm:210337933@800x600x32:ff/ff00/ff0000

              -rawfb map:/dev/fb0@1024x768x32

              -rawfb map:/tmp/Xvfb_screen0@640x480x8+3232

              -rawfb file:/tmp/my.pnm@250x200x24+37

              -rawfb   file:/dev/urandom@128x128x8   -rawfb  snap:/dev/video0@320x240x24  -24to32
              -rawfb video0  -rawfb  video  -pipeinput  VID  -rawfb  console  -rawfb  vt2  -rawfb
              vnc:somehost:0

              (see ipcs(1) and fbset(1) for the first two examples)

              In  general  all  user input is discarded by default (see the -pipeinput option for
              how to use a helper program to insert).  Most of the X11 (screen, keyboard,  mouse)
              options  do  not make sense and many will cause this mode to crash, so please think
              twice before setting or changing them in a running x11vnc.

              If you DO NOT want x11vnc to close the X DISPLAY in rawfb mode, prepend a "+"  e.g.
              +file:/dev/fb0...   Keeping  the  display  open  enables the default remote-control
              channel, which could be useful.  Alternatively, if you  specify  -noviewonly,  then
              the  mouse and keyboard input are STILL sent to the X display, this usage should be
              very rare, i.e. doing something strange with /dev/fb0.

              If the device is not "seekable" (e.g. webcam) try reading it all at  once  in  full
              snaps  via the "snap:" mode (note: this is a resource hog).  If you are using file:
              or map: AND the device needs to be reopened for *every* snapfb  snapshot,  set  the
              environment variable: SNAPFB_RAWFB_RESET=1 as well.

              If  you want x11vnc to dynamically transform a 24bpp rawfb to 32bpp (note that this
              will be slower) also supply the -24to32 option.  This would be useful for,  say,  a
              video camera that delivers the pixel data as 24bpp packed RGB.  This is the default
              under "video" mode if the bpp is 24.

              Normally the bits per pixel, B, is 8, 16, or 32 (or rarely 24),  however  there  is
              also  some  support for B < 8 (e.g. old graphics displays 4 bpp or 1 bpp).  In this
              case you certainly must supply the masks as well: WxHxB:R/G/B.  The pixels will  be
              padded  out  to  8 bpp using depth 8 truecolor.  The scheme currently does not work
              with    snap    fb    (ask    if    interested.)    B=1     monochrome     example:
              file:/dev/urandom@128x128x1:1/1/1   Some   other   like  this  are  128x128x2:3/3/3
              128x128x4:7/7/7

              For B < 8 framebuffers you can also set the env.  var  RAWFB_CGA=1  to  try  a  CGA
              mapping  for  B=4 (e.g. linux vga16fb driver.)  Note with low bpp and/or resolution
              VGA and VGA16 modes on the Linux console one's attempt to export  them  via  x11vnc
              can often be thwarted due to special color palettes, pixel packings, and even video
              painting buffering.  OTOH,  often  experimenting  with  the  RGB  masks  can  yield
              something recognizable.

              VIDEO4LINUX:  on  Linux some attempt is made to handle video devices (webcams or TV
              tuners) automatically.  The idea is the WxHxB will be  extracted  from  the  device
              itself.   So  if  you  do  not  supply  "@WxHxB...   parameters  x11vnc will try to
              determine them.  It first tries the v4l API if that support has been  compiled  in.
              Otherwise it will run the v4l- info(1) external program if it is available.

              The simplest examples are "-rawfb video" and "-rawfb video1" which imply the device
              file /dev/video and /dev/video1, respectively.  You can also supply the /dev if you
              like, e.g. "-rawfb /dev/video0"

              Since  the  video  capture  device  framebuffer  usually changes continuously (e.g.
              brightness fluctuations), you may want  to  use  the  -wait,  -slow_fb,  or  -defer
              options to lower the "framerate" to cut down on network VNC traffic.

              A  more sophisticated video device scheme allows initializing the device's settings
              using:

              -rawfb video:<settings>

              The prefix could also be, as above, e.g. "video1:" to specify the device file.  The
              v4l  API  must  be  available for this to work.  Otherwise, you will need to try to
              initialize the device with an external program, e.g. xawtv, spcaview, and hope they
              persist when x11vnc re-opens the device.

              <settings>  is a comma separated list of key=value pairs.  The device's brightness,
              color, contrast, and hue can be set to percentages, e.g. br=80,co=50,cn=44,hu=60.

              The device filename can be set too if needed (if it does not start  with  "video"),
              e.g. fn=/dev/qcam.

              The   width,   height   and   bpp   of  the  framebuffer  can  be  set  via,  e.g.,
              w=160,h=120,bpp=16.

              Related to the bpp above, the pixel format can be set via the  fmt=XXX,  where  XXX
              can  be  one  of: GREY, HI240, RGB555, RGB565, RGB24, and RGB32 (with bpp 8, 8, 16,
              16, 24, and 32 respectively).  See http://www.linuxtv.org for more info (V4L api).

              For TV/rf tuner cards one can set the tuning mode via tun=XXX where XXX can be  one
              of PAL, NTSC, SECAM, or AUTO.

              One  can  switch the input channel by the inp=XXX setting, where XXX is the name of
              the input channel (Television, Composite1, S-Video, etc).  Use the name that is  in
              the information about the device that is printed at startup.

              For  input  channels  with tuners (e.g. Television) one can change which station is
              selected by the sta=XXX setting.  XXX is the station number.   Currently  only  the
              ntsc-cable-us  (US  cable) channels are built into x11vnc.  See the -freqtab option
              below to supply one from xawtv. If XXX is greater than 500, then it is  interpreted
              as a raw frequency in KHz.

              Example:

              -rawfb video:br=80,w=320,h=240,fmt=RGB32,tun=NTSC,sta=47

              one might need to add inp=Television too for the input channel to be TV if the card
              doesn't come up by default in that one.

              Note that not all video capture devices will support all of the above settings.

              See the -pipeinput VID option below for a way to control the settings  through  the
              VNC  Viewer  via keystrokes.  As a shortcut, if the string begins "Video.." instead
              of "video.." then -pipeinput VID is implied.

              As above, if you specify a "@WxHxB..." after the <settings> string  they  are  used
              verbatim:  the  device is not queried for the current values.  Otherwise the device
              will be queried.

              LINUX CONSOLE:  The following describes some ways to  view  and  possibly  interact
              with the Linux text/graphics console (i.e. not X11 XFree86/Xorg)

              Note:  If  the  LibVNCServer LinuxVNC program is on your system you may want to use
              that instead of the following method because it will be faster  and  more  accurate
              for  the  Linux  text  console  and includes mouse support.  There is, however, the
              basic LinuxVNC functionality in x11vnc if you replace "console" with  "vt"  in  the
              examples below.

              If the rawfb string begins with "console" the framebuffer device /dev/fb0 is opened
              and /dev/tty0 is opened too.  The latter is used to inject keystrokes (not all  are
              supported, but the basic ones are).  You will need to be root to inject keystrokes,
              but not necessarily to open /dev/fb0.   /dev/tty0  refers  to  the  active  VT,  to
              indicate  one  explicitly,  use, e.g., "console2" for /dev/tty2, etc. by indicating
              the specific VT number.

              For  the  Linux  framebuffer  device,  /dev/fb0,  (fb1,  etc)  to  be  enabled  the
              appropriate  kernel  drivers  must  be  loaded.  E.g. vesafb or vga16fb and also by
              setting the boot parameter vga=0x301 (or 0x314, 0x317, etc.)  (The  vga=...  method
              is  the  preferred  way; set your machines up that way.)  Otherwise there will be a
              ´No such device' error.  You can also load a Linux framebuffer driver  specific  to
              your make of video card for more functionality.  Once the machine is booted one can
              often 'modprobe' the fb driver as root to obtain a framebuffer device.

              If you cannot get /dev/fb0 working on Linux, try using the LinuxVNC emulation  mode
              by  "-rawfb  vtN"  where  N  =  1, ... 6 is the Linux Virtual Terminal (aka virtual
              console) you wish to view, e.g. "-rawfb vt2".  Unlike /dev/fb mode, it need not  be
              the  active  Virtual  Terminal.   Note  that  this  mode can only show text and not
              graphics.  x11vnc polls the text in /dev/vcsaN

              Set the env. var. RAWFB_VCSA_BW=1 to disable colors in the "vtN" mode  (i.e.  black
              and white only.)  If you do not prefer the default 16bpp set RAWFB_VCSA_BPP to 8 or
              32.  If you need to tweak the rawfb parameters by using the 'console_guess'  string
              printed at startup, be sure to indicate the snap: method.

              uinput:  If  the  Linux  version appears to be 2.6 or later and the "uinput" module
              appears to be present (modprobe uinput),  then  the  uinput  method  will  be  used
              instead  of  /dev/ttyN.  uinput allows insertion of BOTH keystrokes and mouse input
              and so it preferred when accessing graphical (e.g. QT-embedded) linux console apps.
              It  also  provides  more accurate keystroke insertion.  See -pipeinput UINPUT below
              for more information on this mode; you will have to use -pipeinput if you  want  to
              tweak  any  UINPUT  parameters.   You may also want to also use the -nodragging and
              -cursor none options.  Use "console0", etc  or  -pipeinput  CONSOLE  to  force  the
              /dev/ttyN method.

              Note you can change the Linux VT remotely using the chvt(1) command to make the one
              you want be the active one (e.g. 'chvt  3').   Sometimes  switching  out  and  back
              corrects  the  framebuffer's graphics state.  For the "-rawfb vtN" mode there is no
              need to switch the VT's.

              To skip input injecting entirely use "consolex" or "vtx".

              The string "/dev/fb0" (1, etc.) can be used instead of "console".  This can be used
              to  specify  a  different  framebuffer  device,  e.g.  /dev/fb1.  As a shortcut the
              "/dev/"  can  be  dropped.    If   the   name   is   something   nonstandard,   use
              "console:/dev/foofb"

              If  you do not want x11vnc to guess the framebuffer's WxHxB and masks automatically
              (sometimes the kernel gives incorrect information), specify them with a @WxHxB (and
              optional :R/G/B masks) at the end of the string.

              Examples:   -rawfb   console   -rawfb  /dev/fb0            (same)  -rawfb  console3
              (force  /dev/tty3)  -rawfb  consolex            (no  keystrokes  or  mouse)  -rawfb
              console:/dev/nonstd   -rawfb   console   -pipeinput   UINPUT:accel=4.0  -rawfb  vt3
              (/dev/tty3 w/o /dev/fb0)

              VNC HOST: if the -rawfb string is of the form "vnc:host:N" then the VNC display "N"
              on  the  remote VNC server "host" is connected to (i.e. x11vnc acts as a VNC client
              itself) and that framebuffer is exported.  This is the same as the option "-reflect
              host:N".

              This  mode  is  really  only of use if you are trying to improve performance in the
              case of many (e.g. >10) simultaneous VNC viewers, and you try a divide and  conquer
              scheme to reduce bandwidth and improve responsiveness.  However, another user found
              this mode useful to export a demo display through a slow link: then  multiple  demo
              viewers  connected  to  the  reflecting x11vnc on the fast side of the link, and so
              avoided all of the demo viewers going through the  slow  link.   Other  users  have
              found  this  mode  useful  to  be  able  to take advantage of some of x11vnc's many
              features that other VNC servers do not have, for  example  SSL  encryption,  single
              port  http  and  https, unix usernames and passwords, and -allow, -zeroconf, -clip,
              and -scale options and others.

              For the classroom broadcast example, if there will be 64 simultaneous  VNC  viewers
              this  can  lead  to  a  lot of redundant VNC traffic to and from the server host:N,
              extra CPU usage, and all viewers response can be reduced  by  having  to  wait  for
              writes   to   the   slowest   client   to   finish.   However,  if  you  set  up  8
              reflectors/repeaters started with option -rawfb vnc:host:N, then there are  only  8
              connections to host:N.  Each repeater then handles 8 vnc viewer connections thereby
              spreading the load around.  In classroom broadcast usage, try to put the  repeaters
              on different switches.  This mode is the same as -reflect host:N.  Replace "host:N"
              by "listen" or "listen:port" for a reverse connection.  Use "listennofork:port"  to
              use  the LibVNCServer non forking client listen interface (if your LibVNCServer has
              it), same as setting X11VNC_REFLECT_NO_FORK=1.

              Overall performance will not be as good as  a  single  direct  connection  because,
              among other things, there is an additional level of framebuffer polling and pointer
              motion can still induce many changes per second that must be propagated.   Tip:  if
              the  remote  VNC is x11vnc doing wireframing, or an X display that does wireframing
              that gives  much  better  response  than  opaque  window  dragging.   Consider  the
              -nodragging option if the problem is severe.

              The env. var. X11VNC_REFLECT_PASSWORD can be set to the password needed to log into
              the vnc host server, or to "file:path_to_file" to indicate a  file  containing  the
              password as its first line.

              To  set  the  pixel  format that x11vnc requests as a VNC CLIENT set the env. vars:
              X11VNC_REFLECT_bitsPerSample          X11VNC_REFLECT_samplesPerPixel,           and
              X11VNC_REFLECT_bytesPerPixel;  the  defaults are 8, 3, 4.  2, 3, 1 would give a low
              color mode.  See the function rfbGetClient() in libvncclient for more info.

              The VNC HOST mode implies -shared.  Use -noshared as a subsequent cmdline option to
              disable sharing.

       -freqtab file

              For  use  with  "-rawfb video" for TV tuner devices to specify station frequencies.
              Instead of using the built in ntsc-cable-us mapping of station number to frequency,
              use  the  data  in  file.   For  stations that are not numeric, e.g. SE20, they are
              placed above the highest numbered station in the order they  are  found.   Example:
              "-freqtab /usr/X11R6/share/xawtv/europe-west.list" You can make your own freqtab by
              copying the xawtv format.

       -pipeinput cmd

              This option lets you supply an external command in cmd that x11vnc will pipe all of
              the  user input events to in a simple format.  In -pipeinput mode by default x11vnc
              will not process any of the user input events.  If you prefix cmd  with  "tee:"  it
              will both send them to the pipe command and process them.  For a description of the
              format run "-pipeinput tee:/bin/cat".  Another prefix is "reopen"  which  means  to
              reopen pipe if it exits.  Separate multiple prefixes with commas.

              In  combination  with  -rawfb  one might be able to do amusing things (e.g. control
              non-X devices).  To facilitate this, if -rawfb is  in  effect  then  the  value  is
              stored  in X11VNC_RAWFB_STR for the pipe command to use if it wants. Do 'env | grep
              X11VNC' for more.

              Built-in pipeinput modes (no external program required):

              If cmd is "VID" and you are using the -rawfb for a video capture  device,  then  an
              internal  list  of  keyboard  mappings is used to set parameters of the video.  The
              mappings are:

              "B" and "b" adjust the brightness up and down.  "H" and "h" adjust  the  hue.   "C"
              and  "c"  adjust  the colour.  "N" and "n" adjust the contrast.  "S" and "s" adjust
              the size of the capture screen.  "I" and "i" cycle through input channels.  Up  and
              Down  arrows  adjust the station (if a tuner) F1, F2, ..., F6 will switch the video
              capture pixel format to HI240, RGB565, RGB24, RGB32, RGB555, and GREY respectively.
              See -rawfb video for details.

              If cmd is "CONSOLE" or "CONSOLEn" where n is a Linux console number, then the linux
              console keystroke insertion to /dev/ttyN (see -rawfb console) is performed.

              If cmd begins with "UINPUT" then the Linux uinput module is  used  to  insert  both
              keystroke  and  mouse events to the Linux console (see -rawfb above).  This usually
              is the /dev/input/uinput device file  (you  may  need  to  create  it  with  "mknod
              /dev/input/uinput c 10 223" and insert the module with "modprobe uinput".

              The UINPUT mode currently only does US keyboards (a scan code option may be added),
              and not all keysyms are supported.  But it  is  probably  more  accurate  than  the
              "CONSOLE" method.

              You may want to use the options -cursor none and -nodragging in this mode.

              Additional  tuning  options  may  be  supplied  via:  UINPUT:opt1,opt2,... (a comma
              separated list). If an option begins with "/" it is  taken  as  the  uinput  device
              file.

              Which  uinput  is  injected  can  be  controlled  by  an  option string made of the
              characters "K", "M", and "B" (see the -input option), e.g.  "KM"  allows  keystroke
              and motion but not button clicks.

              A  UINPUT  option  of  the  form:  accel=f,  or  accel=fx+fy  sets the mouse motion
              "acceleration".  This is used to correct raw mouse relative motion  into  how  much
              the  application  cursor moves (x11vnc has no control over, or knowledge of how the
              windowing  application  interprets  the  raw   mouse   motions).    Typically   the
              acceleration  for an X display is 2 (see xset "m" option).  "f" is a floating point
              number, e.g. 3.0.  Use "fx+fy" if you need to supply different  corrections  for  x
              and y.

              Note:  the  default acceleration is 2.0 since it seems both X and qt-embedded often
              (but not always) use this value.

              Even with a correct accel setting the mouse position will get out of sync (probably
              due  to  a  mouse  "threshold"  setting  where  the acceleration doe not apply, set
              xset(1) ).  The option reset=N sets the number of ms (default 150) after which  the
              cursor  is  attempted  to  be  reset  (by  forcing  the  mouse  to (0, 0) via small
              increments and then back out to (x, y) in 1 jump),  This  correction  seems  to  be
              needed but can cause jerkiness or unexpected behavior with menus, etc.  Use reset=0
              to disable.

              If you set the env. var X11VNC_UINPUT_THRESHOLDS then the  thresh=n  mode  will  be
              enabled.  It is currently not working well.  If |dx| <= thresh and |dy| < thresh no
              acceleration is applied.  Use "thresh=+n" |dx| + |dy| < thresh to be  used  instead
              (X11?)

              Example: -pipeinput UINPUT:accel=4.0 -cursor none

              If  the uinput device has an absolute pointer (as opposed to a normal mouse that is
              a relative pointer) you can specify the option "abs".  Note that a  touchpad  on  a
              laptop  is  an  absolute  device  to  some  degree.   This (usually) avoids all the
              problems with mouse acceleration.  If x11vnc has trouble deducing the size  of  the
              device,  use  "abs=WxH".   Furthermore,  if the device is a touchscreen (assumed to
              have an absolute pointer) use "touch" or "touch=WxH".   For  touchscreens,  when  a
              mouse  button  is  pressed, a pressure increase is injected, and when the button is
              released a pressure of zero is injected.

              If touch has been set, use "touch_always=1" to indicate whenever  the  mouse  moves
              with no button pressed, a touch event of zero pressure should be sent anyway.  Also
              use "btn_touch=1" to indicate a BTN_TOUCH keystroke press or release should be sent
              instead  of  a  pressure  change.  Set "dragskip=n" to skip n dragged mouse touches
              (with pressure applied) before injecting one.  To indicate the pressure that should
              be  sent when there is a button click for a touchscreen device, specify pressure=n,
              e.g. n=5. The default is n=1.

              If a touch screen is being  used  ("touch"  above)  and  it  is  having  its  input
              processed   by   tslib,   you   can   specify   the   tslib  calibration  file  via
              tslib_cal=<file>.  For example, tslib_cal=/etc/pointercal.  To get accurate or even
              usable positioning this is required when tslib is in use.

              The  Linux uinput mechanism can be bypassed and one can write input events DIRECTLY
              to the devices instead.  To do this, specify one or more of the following  for  the
              input   classes:  direct_rel=<device>  direct_abs=<device>  direct_btn=<device>  or
              direct_key=<device>.  The <device> file is usually something like /dev/input/event1
              but  you  can  specify  any  device file or pipe.  You must specify each one of the
              above classes even if they correspond to the same device file (rel/abs and btn  are
              often  the  same.)  Look at the file /proc/bus/input/devices to get an idea what is
              available and the device filenames.  Note: The  /dev/input/mouse*  devices  do  not
              seem  to  work,  use  the  corresponding /dev/input/event* file instead.  Any input
              class not directly specified as above will be handled via the uinput mechanism.  To
              disable  creating a uinput device (and thereby discarding unhandled input), specify
              "nouinput".

              Examples:

              -pipeinput UINPUT:direct_abs=/dev/input/event1

              this was used on a qtmoko Neo freerunner (armel):

              -pipeinput                                  UINPUT:touch,tslib_cal=/etc/pointercal,
              direct_abs=/dev/input/event1,nouinput,dragskip=4

              (where the long line has been split into two.)

              You  can  set  the env. var X11VNC_UINPUT_DEBUG=1 or higher to get debugging output
              for UINPUT mode.

       -macnodim

              For the native MacOSX server, disable dimming.

       -macnosleep

              For the native MacOSX server, disable display sleep.

       -macnosaver

              For the native MacOSX server, disable screensaver.

       -macnowait

              For the native MacOSX server, do not wait for  the  user  to  switch  back  to  his
              display.

       -macwheel n

              For the native MacOSX server, set the mouse wheel speed to n (default 5).

       -macnoswap

              For the native MacOSX server, do not swap mouse buttons 2 and 3.

       -macnoresize

              For  the native MacOSX server, do not resize or reset the framebuffer even if it is
              detected that the screen resolution or depth has changed.

       -maciconanim n

              For the native MacOSX server, set n to the number of milliseconds that  the  window
              iconify/deiconify animation takes.  In -ncache mode this value will be used to skip
              the animation if possible. (default 400)

       -macmenu

              For the native MacOSX server, in -ncache client-side caching  mode,  try  to  cache
              pull down menus (not perfect because they have animated fades, etc.)

       -macuskbd

              For  the native MacOSX server, use the original keystroke insertion code based on a
              US keyboard.

       -macnoopengl

              For the native MacOSX server, do not use OpenGL for screen capture, but rather  use
              the original, deprecated raw memory access method: addr = CGDisplayBaseAddress().

       -macnorawfb

              For the native MacOSX server, disable the raw memory address screen capture method.

              MACOSX  NOTE:  There  are  some deprecated MacOSX interfaces to inject keyboard and
              mouse events and the raw memory access  method  is  deprecated  as  well  (however,
              OpenGL  will  be  preferred  if available because it is faster.)  One can force not
              using    any    deprecated    interfaces    at    compile    time    by     setting
              -DX11VNC_MACOSX_NO_DEPRECATED=1  in  CPPFLAGS.   Or  to  turn  them off one by one:
              -DX11VNC_MACOSX_NO_DEPRECATED_LOCALEVENTS=1,
              -DX11VNC_MACOSX_NO_DEPRECATED_POSTEVENTS=1                                       or
              -DX11VNC_MACOSX_NO_DEPRECATED_FRAMEBUFFER=1  At   run   time,   for   testing   and
              workarounds, one can disable them by using: -env X11VNC_MACOSX_NO_DEPRECATED=1 -env
              X11VNC_MACOSX_NO_DEPRECATED_LOCALEVENTS=1                                      -env
              X11VNC_MACOSX_NO_DEPRECATED_POSTEVENTS=1                   or                  -env
              X11VNC_MACOSX_NO_DEPRECATED_FRAMEBUFFER=1 Note: When doing either of these for  the
              mouse  input  not  everything  works currently, e.g. double clicks and wireframing.
              Also, screen resolution and pixel depth changes will not be automatically  detected
              unless the deprecated framebuffer interfaces are allowed.

              Conversely, if you are compiling on an older machine that does not have some of the
              newer        interfaces,        you        may        need        to        specify
              -DX11VNC_MACOSX_NO_CGEVENTCREATESCROLLWHEELEVENT
              -DX11VNC_MACOSX_NO_CGEVENTCREATEMOUSEEVENT                                       or
              -DX11VNC_MACOSX_NO_CGEVENTCREATEKEYBOARDEVENT.                                  Use
              -DX11VNC_MACOSX_USE_GETMAINDEVICE to regain the very old QuickDraw  GetMainDevice()
              interface (rare...)

       -gui [gui-opts]

              Start  up  a  simple  tcl/tk gui based on the remote control options -remote/-query
              described below.  Requires the "wish" program  to  be  installed  on  the  machine.
              "gui-opts" is not required: the default is to start up both the full gui and x11vnc
              with the gui showing up on the X display in the environment variable DISPLAY.

              "gui-opts" can be a comma separated list of items.  Currently there are these types
              of  items:  1)  a  gui mode, a 2) gui "simplicity", 3) the X display the gui should
              display on, 4) a "tray" or "icon" mode, and 5) a gui geometry.

              1) The gui mode can be "start", "conn", or "wait" "start" is the default mode above
              and  is  not  required.   "conn"  means  do  not automatically start up x11vnc, but
              instead just try to connect to an existing x11vnc process.  "wait" means just start
              the  gui  and  nothing  else  (you  will  later instruct the gui to start x11vnc or
              connect to an existing one.)

              2) The gui simplicity is off by default (a  power-user  gui  with  all  options  is
              presented)  To  start with something less daunting supply the string "simple" ("ez"
              is an alias for this).  Once the gui is started you can toggle between the two with
              "Misc -> simple_gui".

              3)  Note the possible confusion regarding the potentially two different X displays:
              x11vnc polls one, but you may want the gui to appear on another.  For  example,  if
              you  ssh  in and x11vnc is not running yet you may want the gui to come back to you
              via your ssh redirected X display (e.g. localhost:10).

              If you do not specify a gui X display in "gui-opts" then  the  DISPLAY  environment
              variable  and  -display  option  are tried (in that order).  Regarding the x11vnc X
              display the gui will try to communication with, it first tries  -display  and  then
              DISPLAY.   For  example, "x11vnc -display :0 -gui otherhost:0", will remote control
              an x11vnc polling :0 and display the gui on otherhost:0 The "tray/icon" mode  below
              reverses this preference, preferring to display on the x11vnc display.

              4) When "tray" or "icon" is specified, the gui presents itself as a small icon with
              behavior typical of a "system tray" or  "dock  applet".   The  color  of  the  icon
              indicates  status (connected clients) and there is also a balloon status.  Clicking
              on the icon gives a menu from which properties, etc, can be set and the full gui is
              available under "Advanced".  To be fully functional, the gui mode should be "start"
              (the default).

              Note that tray or icon mode will imply the -forever x11vnc option  (if  the  x11vnc
              server  is started along with the gui) unless -connect or -connect_or_exit has been
              specified.  So x11vnc (and the tray/icon gui) will wait for more connections  after
              the  first  client disconnects.  If you want only one viewer connection include the
              -once option.

              For "icon" the gui just a small standalone window.  For "tray" it will  attempt  to
              embed  itself  in  the "system tray" if possible. If "=setpass" is appended then at
              startup the X11 user will  be  prompted  to  set  the  VNC  session  password.   If
              =<hexnumber> is appended that icon will attempt to embed itself in the window given
              by hexnumber.  Use =noadvanced to disable the full gui. (To supply more  than  one,
              use "+" sign).  E.g. -gui tray=setpass and -gui icon=0x3600028

              Other  modes:  "full",  the default and need not be specified.  "-gui none", do not
              show a gui, useful to override a ~/.x11vncrc setting, etc.

              5) When "geom=+X+Y" is specified, that geometry is  passed  to  the  gui  toplevel.
              This  is  the  icon  in  icon/tray  mode,  or the full gui otherwise.  You can also
              specify width and height, i.e. WxH+X+Y, but it is not recommended.  In "tray"  mode
              the geometry is ignored unless the system tray manager does not seem to be running.
              One could imagine using something like "-gui tray,geom=+4000+4000" with  a  display
              manager to keep the gui invisible until someone logs in...

              More  icon  tricks,  "icon=minimal" gives an icon just with the VNC display number.
              You can also set the font with "iconfont=...".   The  following  could  be  useful:
              "-gui icon=minimal,iconfont=5x8,geom=24x10+0-0"

              General  examples  of the -gui option: "x11vnc -gui", "x11vnc -gui ez" "x11vnc -gui
              localhost:10", "x11vnc  -gui  conn,host:0",  "x11vnc  -gui  tray,ez"  "x11vnc  -gui
              tray=setpass"

              If  you  do  not  intend  to start x11vnc from the gui (i.e. just remote control an
              existing one), then the gui process can run on a different machine from the  x11vnc
              server as long as X permissions, etc. permit communication between the two.

              FONTS:  On  some  systems  the  tk  fonts  can  be  too small, jagged, or otherwise
              unreadable.  There are 4 env vars you can set to be the tk font you prefer:

              X11VNC_FONT_BOLD   main font for menus and buttons.   X11VNC_FONT_FIXED   font  for
              fixed width text.

              X11VNC_FONT_BOLD_SMALL   tray  icon  font.   X11VNC_FONT_REG_SMALL   tray icon menu
              font.

              The last two only apply for the tray icon mode.

              Here are some examples:

              -env X11VNC_FONT_BOLD='Helvetica -16  bold'  -env  X11VNC_FONT_FIXED='Courier  -14'
              -env X11VNC_FONT_REG_SMALL='Helvetica -12'

              You  can put the lines like the above (without the quotes) in your ~/.x11vncrc file
              to avoid having to specify them on the x11vnc command line.

       -remote command

              Remotely control some aspects of an already running x11vnc server.  "-R"  and  "-r"
              are aliases for "-remote".  After the remote control command is sent to the running
              server the 'x11vnc -remote ...'  x11vnc command  exits.   You  can  often  use  the
              -query  command  (see  below)  to  see  if the x11vnc server processed your -remote
              command.

              The  default  communication  channel  is  that  of   X   properties   (specifically
              X11VNC_REMOTE),  and  so this command must be run with correct settings for DISPLAY
              and possibly  XAUTHORITY  to  connect  to  the  X  server  and  set  the  property.
              Alternatively,  use  the  -display  and  -auth  options  to set them to the correct
              values.  The running server  cannot  use  the  -novncconnect  option  because  that
              disables the communication channel.  See below for alternate channels.

              For  example:  'x11vnc  -remote  stop' (which is the same as ´x11vnc -R stop') will
              close down the x11vnc server.  ´x11vnc -R shared' will enable  shared  connections,
              and ´x11vnc -R scale:3/4' will rescale the desktop.

              To  use  a different name for the X11 property (e.g. to have separate communication
              channels  for  multiple  x11vnc's  on  the  same  display)  set  the  X11VNC_REMOTE
              environment    variable    to    the   string   you   want,   for   example:   -env
              X11VNC_REMOTE=X11VNC_REMOTE_12345 Both sides of  the  channel  must  use  the  same
              unique name.

              To  run  a  bunch  of  commands  in  a  sequence  use  something  like:  x11vnc  -R
              'script:firstcmd;secondcmd;...'

              Use x11vnc -R script:file=/path/to/file to read commands from a file (can be multi-
              line  and  use the comment '#' character in the normal way.  The ';' separator must
              still be used to separate each command.)

              To not try to contact another x11vnc process and instead just run the  command  (or
              query) directly, prefix the command with the string "DIRECT:"

              The following -remote/-R commands are supported:

              stop            terminate the server, same as "quit" "exit" or "shutdown".

              ping            see if the x11vnc server responds.  return is: ans=ping:<display>

              ping:mystring     as   above,   but   use  your  own  unique  string.   return  is:
              ans=ping:mystring:<xdisplay>

              blacken         try to push a black fb update to all  clients  (due  to  timings  a
              client could miss it). Same as "zero", also "zero:x1,y1,x2,y2" for a rectangle.

              refresh         send the entire fb to all clients.

              reset           recreate the fb, polling memory, etc.

              id:windowid      set  -id  window to "windowid". empty or "root" to go back to root
              window

              sid:windowid    set -sid window to "windowid"

              id_cmd:cmd      cmds: raise, lower, map, unmap,  iconify,  move:dXdY,  resize:dWdH,
              geom:WxH+X+Y.  dX  dY,  dW, and dH must have a leading "+" or "-" e.g.: move:-30+10
              resize:+20+35  also:   wm_delete,   wm_name:string   and   icon_name:string.   Also
              id_cmd:win=N:cmd

              waitmapped      wait until subwin is mapped.

              nowaitmapped    do not wait until subwin is mapped.

              clip:WxH+X+Y    set -clip mode to "WxH+X+Y"

              flashcmap       enable  -flashcmap mode.

              noflashcmap     disable -flashcmap mode.

              shiftcmap:n     set -shiftcmap to n.

              notruecolor     enable  -notruecolor mode.

              truecolor       disable -notruecolor mode.

              overlay         enable  -overlay mode (if applicable).

              nooverlay       disable -overlay mode.

              overlay_cursor  in -overlay mode, enable cursor drawing.

              overlay_nocursor disable cursor drawing. same as nooverlay_cursor.

              8to24           enable  -8to24 mode (if applicable).

              no8to24         disable -8to24 mode.

              8to24_opts:str  set the -8to24 opts to "str".

              24to32          enable  -24to32 mode (if applicable).

              no24to32        disable -24to32 mode.

              visual:vis      set -visual to "vis"

              scale:frac      set -scale to "frac"

              scale_cursor:f  set -scale_cursor to "f"

              viewonly        enable  -viewonly mode.

              noviewonly      disable -viewonly mode.

              shared          enable  -shared mode.

              noshared        disable -shared mode.

              forever         enable  -forever mode.

              noforever       disable -forever mode.

              timeout:n       reset -timeout to n, if there are currently no clients, exit unless
              one connects in the next n secs.

              tightfilexfer   enable  filetransfer for NEW clients.

              notightfilexfer disable filetransfer for NEW clients.

              ultrafilexfer   enable  filetransfer for clients.

              noultrafilexfer disable filetransfer for clients.

              rfbversion:n.m  set -rfbversion for new clients.

              http            enable  http client connections.

              nohttp          disable http client connections.

              deny            deny any new connections, same as "lock"

              nodeny          allow new connections, same as "unlock"

              avahi           enable  avahi service advertising.

              noavahi         disable avahi service advertising.

              mdns            enable  avahi service advertising.

              nomdns          disable avahi service advertising.

              zeroconf        enable  avahi service advertising.

              nozeroconf      disable avahi service advertising.

              connect:host    do reverse connection to host, "host" may be a comma separated list
              of hosts or host:ports.  See -connect.  Passwords required as with fwd connections.
              See X11VNC_REVERSE_CONNECTION_NO_AUTH=1

              disconnect:host disconnect any clients from "host" same as "close:host".  Use  host
              "all"  to  close all current clients.  If you know the client internal hex ID, e.g.
              0x3 (returned by "-query clients" and RFB_CLIENT_ID) you can use that too.

              proxy:host:port set reverse connection proxy (empty to disable).

              allowonce:host  For the next connection only, allow connection from "host". In -ssl
              mode     two     connections    are    allowed    (i.e.    Fetch    Cert)    unless
              X11VNC_NO_SSL_ALLOW_TWICE=1

              allow:hostlist  set -allow list to (comma separated)  "hostlist".  See  -allow  and
              -localhost.  Do not use with -allow /path/to/file Use "+host" to add a single host,
              and use "-host" to delete a single host

              localhost       enable  -localhost mode

              nolocalhost     disable -localhost mode

              listen:str      set -listen to str, empty to disable.

              noipv6          enable  -noipv6 mode.

              ipv6            disable -noipv6 mode.

              noipv4          enable  -noipv4 mode.

              ipv4            disable -noipv4 mode.

              6               enable  -6 IPv6 listening mode.

              no6             disable -6 IPv6 listening mode.

              lookup          disable -nolookup mode.

              nolookup        enable  -nolookup mode.

              lookup          disable -nolookup mode.

              input:str       set -input to "str", empty to disable.

              grabkbd         enable  -grabkbd mode.

              nograbkbd       disable -grabkbd mode.

              grabptr         enable  -grabptr mode.

              nograbptr       disable -grabptr mode.

              grabalways      enable  -grabalways mode.

              nograbalways    disable -grabalways mode.

              grablocal:n     set -grablocal to n.

              client_input:str set the K, M, B -input on a per-client basis.  select which client
              as for disconnect, e.g. client_input:host:MB or client_input:0x2:K

              accept:cmd      set -accept "cmd" (empty to disable).

              afteraccept:cmd set -afteraccept (empty to disable).

              gone:cmd        set -gone "cmd" (empty to disable).

              noshm           enable  -noshm mode.

              shm             disable -noshm mode (i.e. use shm).

              flipbyteorder    enable  -flipbyteorder mode, you may need to set noshm for this to
              do something.

              noflipbyteorder disable -flipbyteorder mode.

              onetile         enable  -onetile mode. (you may need to set  shm  for  this  to  do
              something)

              noonetile       disable -onetile mode.

              solid           enable  -solid mode

              nosolid         disable -solid mode.

              solid_color:color set -solid color (and apply it).

              blackout:str    set -blackout "str" (empty to disable).  See -blackout for the form
              of "str" (basically: WxH+X+Y,...)  Use "+WxH+X+Y" to append a single rectangle  use
              "-WxH+X+Y" to delete one

              xinerama        enable  -xinerama mode. (if applicable)

              noxinerama      disable -xinerama mode.

              xtrap           enable  -xtrap input mode(if applicable)

              noxtrap         disable -xtrap input mode.

              xrandr          enable  -xrandr mode. (if applicable)

              noxrandr        disable -xrandr mode.

              xrandr_mode:mode set the -xrandr mode to "mode".

              rotate:mode     set the -rotate mode to "mode".

              padgeom:WxH      set  -padgeom  to WxH (empty to disable) If WxH is "force" or "do"
              the padded geometry fb is immediately applied.

              quiet           enable  -quiet mode.

              noquiet         disable -quiet mode.

              modtweak        enable  -modtweak mode.

              nomodtweak      enable  -nomodtweak mode.

              xkb             enable  -xkb modtweak mode.

              noxkb           disable -xkb modtweak mode.

              capslock        enable  -capslock mode.

              nocapslock      disable -capslock mode.

              skip_lockkeys   enable  -skip_lockkeys mode.

              noskip_lockkeys disable -skip_lockkeys mode.

              skip_keycodes:str enable -xkb -skip_keycodes "str".

              sloppy_keys     enable  -sloppy_keys mode.

              nosloppy_keys   disable -sloppy_keys mode.

              skip_dups       enable  -skip_dups mode.

              noskip_dups     disable -skip_dups mode.

              add_keysyms     enable -add_keysyms mode.

              noadd_keysyms   stop adding keysyms. those added will still be removed at exit.

              clear_mods      enable  -clear_mods mode and clear them.

              noclear_mods    disable -clear_mods mode.

              clear_keys      enable  -clear_keys mode and clear them.

              noclear_keys    disable -clear_keys mode.

              clear_locks     do the clear_locks action.

              clear_all       do the clear_all action.

              keystate        have x11vnc print current keystate.

              remap:str       set -remap "str" (empty to disable).  See -remap for  the  form  of
              "str"  (basically:  key1-key2,key3-key4,...)   Use  "+key1-key2" to append a single
              keymapping, use "-key1-key2" to delete.

              norepeat        enable  -norepeat mode.

              repeat          disable -norepeat mode.

              nofb            enable  -nofb mode.

              fb              disable -nofb mode.

              bell            enable  bell (if supported).

              nobell          disable bell.

              sendbell        ring the bell now.

              nosel           enable  -nosel mode.

              sel             disable -nosel mode.

              noprimary       enable  -noprimary mode.

              primary         disable -noprimary mode.

              nosetprimary    enable  -nosetprimary mode.

              setprimary      disable -nosetprimary mode.

              noclipboard     enable  -noclipboard mode.

              clipboard       disable -noclipboard mode.

              nosetclipboard  enable  -nosetclipboard mode.

              setclipboard    disable -nosetclipboard mode.

              seldir:str      set -seldir to "str"

              resend_cutbuffer resend the most recent CUTBUFFER0 copy

              resend_clipboard resend the most recent CLIPBOARD copy

              resend_primary   resend the most recent PRIMARY copy

              cursor:mode     enable  -cursor "mode".

              show_cursor     enable  showing a cursor.

              noshow_cursor   disable showing a cursor. (same as "nocursor")

              cursor_drag     enable  cursor changes during drag.

              nocursor_drag   disable cursor changes during drag.

              arrow:n         set -arrow to alternate n.

              xfixes          enable  xfixes cursor shape mode.

              noxfixes        disable xfixes cursor shape mode.

              alphacut:n      set -alphacut to n.

              alphafrac:f     set -alphafrac to f.

              alpharemove     enable  -alpharemove mode.

              noalpharemove   disable -alpharemove mode.

              alphablend      disable -noalphablend mode.

              noalphablend    enable  -noalphablend mode.

              cursorshape     disable -nocursorshape mode.

              nocursorshape   enable  -nocursorshape mode.

              cursorpos       disable -nocursorpos mode.

              nocursorpos     enable  -nocursorpos mode.

              xwarp           enable  -xwarppointer mode.

              noxwarp         disable -xwarppointer mode.

              always_inject   enable  -always_inject mode.

              noalways_inject disable -always_inject mode.

              buttonmap:str   set -buttonmap "str", empty to disable

              dragging        disable -nodragging mode.

              nodragging      enable  -nodragging mode.

              ncache          reenable -ncache mode.

              noncache        disable  -ncache mode.

              ncache_size:n   set -ncache size to n.

              ncache_cr       enable  -ncache_cr mode.

              noncache_cr     disable -ncache_cr mode.

              ncache_no_moveraise     enable  no_moveraise mode.

              noncache_no_moveraise   disable no_moveraise mode.

              ncache_no_dtchange      enable  ncache_no_dtchange mode.

              noncache_no_dtchange    disable ncache_no_dtchange mode.

              ncache_old_wm           enable  ncache_old_wm mode.

              noncache_old_wm         disable ncache_old_wm mode.

              ncache_no_rootpixmap    enable  ncache_no_rootpixmap.

              noncache_no_rootpixmap  disable ncache_no_rootpixmap.

              ncache_reset_rootpixmap recheck the root pixmap, ncrp

              ncache_keep_anims       enable  ncache_keep_anims.

              noncache_keep_anims     disable ncache_keep_anims.

              ncache_pad:n    set -ncache_pad to n.

              wireframe       enable  -wireframe mode. same as "wf"

              nowireframe     disable -wireframe mode. same as "nowf"

              wireframe:str   enable  -wireframe mode string.

              wireframe_mode:str enable  -wireframe mode string.

              wireframelocal  enable  wireframelocal. same as "wfl"

              nowireframe     disable wireframelocal. same as "nowfl"

              wirecopyrect:str set -wirecopyrect string. same as "wcr:"

              scrollcopyrect:str set -scrollcopyrect string. same "scr"

              noscrollcopyrect disable -scrollcopyrect__mode_. "noscr"

              scr_area:n      set -scr_area to n

              scr_skip:list   set -scr_skip to "list"

              scr_inc:list    set -scr_inc to "list"

              scr_keys:list   set -scr_keys to "list"

              scr_term:list   set -scr_term to "list"

              scr_keyrepeat:str set -scr_keyrepeat to "str"

              scr_parms:str   set -scr_parms parameters.

              fixscreen:str   set -fixscreen to "str".

              noxrecord       disable all use of RECORD extension.

              xrecord         enable  use of RECORD extension.

              reset_record    reset RECORD extension (if avail.)

              pointer_mode:n  set -pointer_mode to n. same as "pm"

              input_skip:n    set -input_skip to n.

              allinput        enable  use of -allinput mode.

              noallinput      disable use of -allinput mode.

              input_eagerly   enable  use of -input_eagerly mode.

              noinput_eagerly disable use of -input_eagerly mode.

              ssltimeout:n    set -ssltimeout to n.

              speeds:str      set -speeds to str.

              wmdt:str        set -wmdt to str.

              debug_pointer   enable  -debug_pointer, same as "dp"

              nodebug_pointer disable -debug_pointer, same as "nodp"

              debug_keyboard   enable  -debug_keyboard, same as "dk"

              nodebug_keyboard disable -debug_keyboard, same as "nodk"

              keycode:n       inject keystroke 'keycode' (xmodmap -pk)

              keycode:n,down  inject 'keycode' (down=0,1)

              keysym:str      inject keystroke 'keysym' (number/name)

              keysym:str,down inject 'keysym' (down=0,1)

              ptr:x,y,mask    inject pointer event x, y, button-mask

              fakebuttonevent:button,down direct XTestFakeButtonEvent.

              sleep:t         sleep floating point time t.

              get_xprop:p     get X property named 'p'.

              set_xprop:p:val set X property named 'p' to  'val'.   p  ->  id=NNN:p  for  hex/dec
              window id.

              wininfo:id       get  info  about X window id.  use 'root' for root window, use +id
              for children.

              grab_state      get state of pointer and keyboard grab.

              pointer_pos     print XQueryPointer x,y cursor position.

              pointer_x       print XQueryPointer x cursor position.

              pointer_y       print XQueryPointer y cursor position.

              pointer_same    print XQueryPointer ptr on same screen.

              pointer_root    print XQueryPointer curr ptr rootwin.

              pointer_mask    print XQueryPointer button and mods mask

              mouse_x         print x11vnc's idea of cursor position.

              mouse_y         print x11vnc's idea of cursor position.

              noop            do nothing.

              defer:n         set -defer to n ms,same as deferupdate:n

              wait:n          set -wait to n ms.

              extra_fbur:n    set -extra_fbur to n.

              wait_ui:f       set -wait_ui factor to f.

              setdefer:n      set -setdefer to -2,-1,0,1, or 2.

              wait_bog        disable -nowait_bog mode.

              nowait_bog      enable  -nowait_bog mode.

              slow_fb:f       set -slow_fb to f seconds.

              xrefresh:f      set -xrefresh to f seconds.

              readtimeout:n   set read timeout to n seconds.

              nap             enable  -nap mode.

              nonap           disable -nap mode.

              sb:n            set -sb to n s, same as screen_blank:n

              fbpm            disable -nofbpm mode.

              nofbpm          enable  -nofbpm mode.

              dpms            disable -nodpms mode.

              nodpms          enable  -nodpms mode.

              forcedpms       enable  -forcedpms mode.

              noforcedpms     disable -forcedpms mode.

              clientdpms      enable  -clientdpms mode.

              noclientdpms    disable -clientdpms mode.

              noserverdpms    enable  -noserverdpms mode.

              serverdpms      disable -noserverdpms mode.

              noultraext      enable  -noultraext mode.

              ultraext        disable -noultraext mode.

              chatwindow      enable  local chatwindow mode.

              nochatwindow    disable local chatwindow mode.

              chaton          begin chat using local window.

              chatoff         end   chat using local window.

              xdamage         enable  xdamage polling hints.

              noxdamage       disable xdamage polling hints.

              xd_area:A       set -xd_area max pixel area to "A"

              xd_mem:f        set -xd_mem remembrance to "f"

              fs:frac         set -fs fraction to "frac", e.g. 0.5

              gaps:n          set -gaps to n.

              grow:n          set -grow to n.

              fuzz:n          set -fuzz to n.

              snapfb          enable  -snapfb mode.

              nosnapfb        disable -snapfb mode.

              rawfb:str       set -rawfb mode to "str".

              uinput_accel:f  set uinput_accel to f.

              uinput_thresh:n set uinput_thresh to n.

              uinput_reset:n  set uinput_reset to n ms.

              uinput_always:n set uinput_always to 1/0.

              progressive:n   set LibVNCServer -progressive slice height parameter to n.

              desktop:str     set -desktop name to str for new clients.

              rfbport:n       set -rfbport to n.

              macnosaver      enable  -macnosaver mode.

              macsaver        disable -macnosaver mode.

              macnowait       enable  -macnowait  mode.

              macwait         disable -macnowait  mode.

              macwheel:n      set -macwheel to n.

              macnoswap       enable  -macnoswap mouse button mode.

              macswap         disable -macnoswap mouse button mode.

              macnoresize     enable  -macnoresize mode.

              macresize       disable -macnoresize mode.

              maciconanim:n   set -maciconanim to n.

              macmenu         enable  -macmenu  mode.

              macnomenu       disable -macmenu  mode.

              macuskbd        enable  -macuskbd mode.

              macnouskbd      disable -macuskbd mode.

              httpport:n      set -httpport to n.

              httpdir:dir     set -httpdir to dir (and enable http).

              enablehttpproxy   enable  -enablehttpproxy mode.

              noenablehttpproxy disable -enablehttpproxy mode.

              alwaysshared     enable  -alwaysshared mode.

              noalwaysshared   disable -alwaysshared mode.  (may interfere with other options)

              nevershared      enable  -nevershared mode.

              nonevershared    disable -nevershared mode.  (may interfere with other options)

              dontdisconnect   enable  -dontdisconnect mode.

              nodontdisconnect disable -dontdisconnect mode.  (may interfere with other options)

              debug_xevents   enable  debugging X events.

              nodebug_xevents disable debugging X events.

              debug_xdamage   enable  debugging X DAMAGE mechanism.

              nodebug_xdamage disable debugging X DAMAGE mechanism.

              debug_wireframe enable   debugging wireframe mechanism.

              nodebug_wireframe disable debugging wireframe mechanism.

              debug_scroll    enable  debugging scrollcopy mechanism.

              nodebug_scroll  disable debugging scrollcopy mechanism.

              debug_tiles     enable  -debug_tiles

              nodebug_tiles   disable -debug_tiles

              debug_grabs     enable  -debug_grabs

              nodebug_grabs   disable -debug_grabs

              debug_sel       enable  -debug_sel

              nodebug_sel     disable -debug_sel

              debug_ncache    enable  -debug_ncache

              nodebug_ncache  disable -debug_ncache

              dbg             enable  -dbg crash shell

              nodbg           disable -dbg crash shell

              noremote        disable the -remote command processing, it cannot  be  turned  back
              on.

              bcx_xattach:str   This  remote  control  command  is for use with the BARCO xattach
              program or the x2x program.  Both of these programs are for 'pointer and  keyboard'
              sharing  between  separate  X  displays.   In  general the two displays are usually
              nearby, e.g. on the same desk, and this allows the user to share a  single  pointer
              and  keyboard between them.  The user moves the mouse to an edge and then the mouse
              pointer appears to 'jump' to the other display screen.  Thus  it  emulates  what  a
              single  X  server  would  do for two screens (e.g. :0.0 and :0.1) The illusion of a
              single Xserver with multiple screens is achieved by forwarding events  to  the  2nd
              one via the XTEST extension.

              What  the  x11vnc  bcx_xattach command does is to perform some pointer movements to
              try to INDUCE xattach/x2x to 'jump' to the other  display.   In  what  follows  the
              ´master'  display  refers to the one that when it has ´focus' it is basically doing
              nothing besides watching for the mouse to go over an  edge.   The  'slave'  display
              refers  to the one to which the mouse and keyboard is redirected to once an edge in
              the master has been crossed.   Note  that  the  x11vnc  executing  the  bcx_xattach
              command MUST be the one connected to the *master* display.

              Also  note  that when input is being redirected (via XTEST) from the master display
              to the slave display, the master display's pointer and keyboard  are  *grabbed*  by
              xattach/x2x.   x11vnc can use this info to verify that the master/slave mode change
              has taken place correctly.  If you specify the "ifneeded" option  (see  below)  and
              the  initial  grab  state  is  that  of  the  desired  final state, then no pointer
              movements are injected and "DONE,GRAB_OK" is returned.

              "str" must contain one  of  "up",  "down",  "left",  or  "right"  to  indicate  the
              direction  of  the  'jump'.   "str"  must  also contain one of "master_to_slave" or
              "slave_to_master" to indicate the type of mode change induced  by  the  jump.   Use
              "M2S" and "S2M" as shorter aliases.

              "str"  may  be  a  "+"  separated list of additional tuning options.  The "shift=n"
              option  indicates  an  offset  shift  position  away  from  (0,0)   (default   20).
              "final=x+y"  specifies  the  final  position of the cursor at the end of the normal
              move sequence; default 30+30.  "extra_move=x+y" means to do one more  pointer  move
              after  "final"  to x+y.  "dt=n" sets the sleep time in milliseconds between pointer
              moves (default: 40ms) "retry=n" specifies the maximum number of retries if the grab
              state  change  fails.  "ifneeded"  means  to not apply the pointer movements if the
              initial grab state is that of the desired final state. "nograbcheck" means  to  not
              check  if  the  grab state changed as expected and only apply the pointer movements
              (default is to check the grab states.)

              If you do not specify "up", etc., to bcx_xattach nothing will be attempted and  the
              command  returns  the  string  FAIL,NO_DIRECTION_SPECIFIED.   If you do not specify
              "master_to_slave" or "M2S", etc., to bcx_xattach nothing will be attempted and  the
              command returns the string FAIL,NO_MODE_CHANGE_SPECIFIED.

              Otherwise,  the  returned string will contain "DONE".  It will be "DONE,GRAB_OK" if
              the grab state changed as expected (or if "ifneeded" was supplied and  the  initial
              grab  state was already the desired one.)  If the initial grab state was incorrect,
              but the final grab state was correct then  it  is  "DONE,GRAB_FAIL_INIT".   If  the
              initial  grab  state was correct, but the final grab state was incorrect then it is
              "DONE,GRAB_FAIL_FINAL".  If both are incorrect it will be "DONE,GRAB_FAIL".   Under
              grab  failure  the string will be followed by ":p1,k1-p2,k2" where  p1,k1 indicates
              the initial pointer and keyboard grab states and p2,k2 the final ones. If GRAB_FAIL
              or  GRAB_FAIL_FINAL  occurs,  the  action  will be retried up to 3 times; trying to
              reset the state and sleeping a bit between each try.  Set  retry=n  to  adjust  the
              number of retries, zero to disable retries.

              Examples:      -R      bcx_xattach:down+M2S      -R      bcx_xattach:up+S2M      -R
              bcx_xattach:up+S2M+nograbcheck+dt=30 -R bcx_xattach:down+M2S+extra_move=100+100

              or use -Q instead of -R to retrieve the result text.

              End of the bcx_xattach:str description.

              The vncconnect(1) command from standard VNC  distributions  may  also  be  used  if
              string   is   prefixed   with   "cmd="  E.g.  'vncconnect  cmd=stop'.   Under  some
              circumstances xprop(1) can used if it supports -set (see the FAQ).

              If "-connect /path/to/file" has been supplied to the  running  x11vnc  server  then
              that  file  can  be used as a communication channel (this is the only way to remote
              control one of many x11vnc's polling  the  same  X  display)  Simply  run:  'x11vnc
              -connect  /path/to/file  -remote  ...'   or  you can directly write to the file via
              something like: "echo cmd=stop > /path/to/file", etc.

       -query variable

              Like -remote, except just query the value  of  variable.   "-Q"  is  an  alias  for
              "-query".   Multiple  queries  can  be done by separating variables by commas, e.g.
              -query     var1,var2.     The     results     come     back     in     the     form
              ans=var1:value1,ans=var2:value2,...   to  the  standard  output.   If a variable is
              read-only, it comes back with prefix "aro=" instead of "ans=".

              Some -remote commands are pure actions that do not make sense  as  variables,  e.g.
              "stop"  or  "disconnect",  in these cases the value returned is "N/A".  To direct a
              query straight to the X11VNC_REMOTE property or connect file use "qry=..."  instead
              of "cmd=..."

              ans=  stop quit exit shutdown ping resend_cutbuffer resend_clipboard resend_primary
              blacken zero refresh reset close disconnect id_cmd id sid  waitmapped  nowaitmapped
              clip  flashcmap  noflashcmap  shiftcmap  truecolor  notruecolor  overlay  nooverlay
              overlay_cursor      overlay_yescursor      nooverlay_nocursor      nooverlay_cursor
              nooverlay_yescursor  overlay_nocursor  8to24  no8to24  8to24_opts  24to32  no24to32
              visual scale scale_cursor viewonly noviewonly  shared  noshared  forever  noforever
              once timeout tightfilexfer notightfilexfer ultrafilexfer noultrafilexfer rfbversion
              deny lock nodeny unlock avahi mdns zeroconf noavahi nomdns nozeroconf connect proxy
              allowonce  allow  noipv6 ipv6 noipv4 ipv4 no6 6 localhost nolocalhost listen lookup
              nolookup accept afteraccept gone shm noshm  flipbyteorder  noflipbyteorder  onetile
              noonetile  solid_color  solid  nosolid  blackout  xinerama noxinerama xtrap noxtrap
              xrandr noxrandr xrandr_mode rotate padgeom quiet q noquiet modtweak nomodtweak  xkb
              noxkb  capslock  nocapslock skip_lockkeys noskip_lockkeys skip_keycodes sloppy_keys
              nosloppy_keys   skip_dups   noskip_dups   add_keysyms   noadd_keysyms    clear_mods
              noclear_mods  clear_keys  noclear_keys  clear_all clear_locks keystate remap repeat
              norepeat fb nofb bell  nobell  sendbell  sel  nosel  primary  noprimary  setprimary
              nosetprimary  clipboard  noclipboard setclipboard nosetclipboard seldir cursorshape
              nocursorshape cursorpos nocursorpos cursor_drag  nocursor_drag  cursor  show_cursor
              noshow_cursor  nocursor  arrow  xfixes  noxfixes  xdamage  noxdamage xd_area xd_mem
              alphacut alphafrac alpharemove noalpharemove alphablend  noalphablend  xwarppointer
              xwarp  noxwarppointer  noxwarp  always_inject  noalways_inject  buttonmap  dragging
              nodragging   ncache_cr   noncache_cr   ncache_no_moveraise    noncache_no_moveraise
              ncache_no_dtchange noncache_no_dtchange ncache_no_rootpixmap noncache_no_rootpixmap
              ncache_reset_rootpixmap ncrp  ncache_keep_anims  noncache_keep_anims  ncache_old_wm
              noncache_old_wm  ncache_pad ncache noncache ncache_size debug_ncache nodebug_ncache
              wireframe_mode wireframe wf nowireframe nowf  wireframelocal  wfl  nowireframelocal
              nowfl  wirecopyrect  wcr  nowirecopyrect  nowcr  scr_area scr_skip scr_inc scr_keys
              scr_term  scr_keyrepeat  scr_parms  scrollcopyrect   scr   noscrollcopyrect   noscr
              fixscreen  noxrecord  xrecord  reset_record  pointer_mode  pm  input_skip  allinput
              noallinput input_eagerly noinput_eagerly input grabkbd nograbkbd grabptr  nograbptr
              grabalways nograbalways grablocal client_input ssltimeout speeds wmdt debug_pointer
              dp nodebug_pointer nodp debug_keyboard dk nodebug_keyboard nodk keycode keysym  ptr
              fakebuttonevent  sleep  get_xprop  set_xprop  wininfo bcx_xattach deferupdate defer
              setdefer extra_fbur wait_ui wait_bog nowait_bog slow_fb xrefresh  wait  readtimeout
              nap nonap sb screen_blank fbpm nofbpm dpms nodpms clientdpms noclientdpms forcedpms
              noforcedpms noserverdpms serverdpms  noultraext  ultraext  chatwindow  nochatwindow
              chaton  chatoff  fs gaps grow fuzz snapfb nosnapfb rawfb uinput_accel uinput_thresh
              uinput_reset  uinput_always  progressive  rfbport  http  nohttp  httpport   httpdir
              enablehttpproxy    noenablehttpproxy    alwaysshared   noalwaysshared   nevershared
              noalwaysshared    dontdisconnect     nodontdisconnect     desktop     debug_xevents
              nodebug_xevents    debug_xevents    debug_xdamage   nodebug_xdamage   debug_xdamage
              debug_wireframe  nodebug_wireframe  debug_wireframe   debug_scroll   nodebug_scroll
              debug_scroll   debug_tiles   dbt   nodebug_tiles   nodbt   debug_tiles  debug_grabs
              nodebug_grabs debug_sel nodebug_sel  dbg  nodbg  macnosaver  macsaver  nomacnosaver
              macnowait  macwait  nomacnowait  macwheel macnoswap macswap nomacnoswap macnoresize
              macresize nomacnoresize maciconanim macmenu macnomenu nomacmenu macuskbd nomacuskbd
              noremote

              aro=    noop   display   vncdisplay  icon_mode  autoport  loop  loopbg  desktopname
              guess_desktop guess_dbus http_url auth xauth users  rootshift  clipshift  scale_str
              scaled_x  scaled_y  scale_numer  scale_denom  scale_fac_x scale_fac_y scaling_blend
              scaling_nomult4  scaling_pad  scaling_interpolate  inetd  privremote  unsafe  safer
              nocmds  passwdfile  unixpw  unixpw_nis  unixpw_list  ssl  ssl_pem sslverify stunnel
              stunnel_pem https httpsredir usepw using_shm logfile o flag rmflag rc norc h help V
              version  lastmod  bg  sigpipe threads readrate netrate netlatency pipeinput clients
              client_count pid ext_xtest  ext_xtrap  ext_xrecord  ext_xkb  ext_xshm  ext_xinerama
              ext_overlay  ext_xfixes  ext_xdamage  ext_xrandr  rootwin  num_buttons  button_mask
              mouse_x   mouse_y   grab_state   pointer_pos   pointer_x   pointer_y   pointer_same
              pointer_root  pointer_mask  bpp depth indexed_color dpy_x dpy_y wdpy_x wdpy_y off_x
              off_y cdpy_x cdpy_y coff_x coff_y rfbauth passwd viewpasswd

       -QD variable

              Just like -query variable, but returns the default value  for  that  parameter  (no
              running x11vnc server is consulted)

       -sync

              By  default -remote commands are run asynchronously, that is, the request is posted
              and the program immediately exits.  Use -sync to  have  the  program  wait  for  an
              acknowledgement  from  the  x11vnc server that command was processed (somehow).  On
              the other hand -query requests are always processed synchronously because they have
              to wait for the answer.

              Also  note  that  if  both  -remote and -query requests are supplied on the command
              line, the -remote is processed first (synchronously: no need for -sync),  and  then
              the  -query request is processed in the normal way.  This allows for a reliable way
              to see if the -remote command was processed by querying for any new settings.  Note
              however  that  there is timeout of a few seconds (see the next paragraph) so if the
              x11vnc takes longer than that to process the requests the requester will think that
              a failure has taken place.

              The  default  is  to  wait  3.5  seconds.  Or if cmd=stop only 1.0 seconds.  If cmd
              matches 'script:' then it will wait up to 10.0 seconds.  Set X11VNC_SYNC_TIMEOUT to
              the number of seconds you want it to wait.

       -query_retries str

              If a query fails to get a response from an x11vnc server, retry up to n times.  str
              is specified as n[:t][/match]  Optionally the delay between tries may be  specified
              by  "t"  a  floating  point  time (default 0.5 seconds.)  Note: the response is not
              checked for validity or whether it  corresponds  to  the  query  sent.   The  query
              "ping:mystring"  may  be  used  to help uniquely identify the query.  Optionally, a
              matching string after a "/" will be used to check the result text.  Up to n retries
              will  take  place  until  the  matching string is found in the output text.  If the
              match string is never found the program's exit code is 1; if the match is found  it
              exits  with 0.  Note that there may be stdout printed for each retry (i.e. multiple
              lines printed out to stdout.)  Example: -query_retries 4:1.5/grab_state

       -remote_prefix str

              Enable a remote-control communication channel for connected VNC clients.  str is  a
              non-empty  string.  If a VNC client sends rfbCutText having the prefix str then the
              part after it is processed as though it were sent via 'x11vnc -remote ...'.  If  it
              begins  with  neither  'cmd=' nor 'qry=' then 'qry=' is assumed.  Any corresponding
              output text for that  remote  control  command  is  sent  back  to  all  client  as
              rfbCutText.    The   returned   output   is   also  prefixed  with  str.   Example:
              -remote_prefix DO_THIS:

              Note that enabling -remote_prefix allows the  remote  VNC  viewers  to  run  x11vnc
              -remote commands.  Do not use this option if they are not to be trusted.

       -noremote, -yesremote

              Do  not  process any remote control commands or queries.  Do process remote control
              commands or queries.  Default: -yesremote

              A note about security wrt remote control commands.  If someone can connect to the X
              display  and  change  the  property  X11VNC_REMOTE,  then they can remotely control
              x11vnc.  Normally access to the X display is protected.   Note  that  if  they  can
              modify  X11VNC_REMOTE  on  the  X  server, they have enough permissions to also run
              their own x11vnc and thus have complete control of the desktop.  If the   "-connect
              /path/to/file"   channel   is  being  used,  obviously  anyone  who  can  write  to
              /path/to/file can remotely control x11vnc.  So be sure to protect the X display and
              that file's write permissions.  See -privremote below.

              If  you  are  paranoid  and  do  not  think  -noremote  is  enough,  to disable the
              X11VNC_REMOTE property channel completely use  -novncconnect,  or  use  the  -safer
              option that shuts many things off.

       -unsafe

              A  few  remote  commands are disabled by default (currently: id:pick, accept:<cmd>,
              gone:<cmd>,  and  rawfb:setup:<cmd>)  because  they  are  associated  with  running
              external  programs.  If you specify -unsafe, then these remote-control commands are
              allowed.  Note that you can still specify these parameters  on  the  command  line,
              they just cannot be invoked via remote-control.

       -safer

              Equivalent  to: -novncconnect -noremote and prohibiting -gui and the -connect file.
              Shuts off communcation channels.

       -privremote

              Perform some sanity checks and disable remote-control commands if it  appears  that
              the  X  DISPLAY  and/or  connectfile  can be accessed by other users.  Once remote-
              control is disabled it cannot be turned back on.

       -nocmds

              No external commands (e.g.  system(3) , popen(3) , exec(3) ) will be run at all.

       -allowedcmds list

              list contains a comma separated list of the only external commands that can be run.
              The full list of associated options is:

              stunnel,  ssl,  unixpw,  WAIT,  zeroconf, id, accept, afteraccept, gone, pipeinput,
              v4l-info,  rawfb-setup,  dt,  gui,  ssh,  storepasswd,  passwdfile,  custom_passwd,
              findauth, crash.

              See  each  option's  help  to learn the associated external command.  Note that the
              -nocmds option takes precedence and disables all external commands.

       -deny_all

              For use with -remote nodeny: start out denying all incoming clients until  "-remote
              nodeny" is used to let them in.

       These options are passed to LibVNCServer:

       -rfbport port

              TCP port for RFB protocol

       -rfbwait time

              max time in ms to wait for RFB client

       -rfbauth passwd-file

              use authentication on RFB protocol (use 'x11vnc -storepasswd pass file' to create a
              password file)

       -rfbversion 3.x

              Set the version of the RFB we choose to advertise

       -permitfiletransfer

              permit file transfer support

       -passwd plain-password

              use authentication (use plain-password as password, USE AT YOUR RISK)

       -deferupdate time

              time in ms to defer updates (default 40)

       -deferptrupdate time

              time in ms to defer pointer updates (default none)

       -desktop name

              VNC desktop name (default "LibVNCServer")

       -alwaysshared

              always treat new clients as shared

       -nevershared

              never treat new clients as shared

       -dontdisconnect

              don't disconnect existing clients when a new non-shared connection comes in (refuse
              new connection instead)

       -httpdir dir-path

              enable http server using dir-path home

       -httpport portnum

              use portnum for http connection

       -enablehttpproxy

              enable http proxy support

       -progressive height

              enable progressive updating for slow links

       -listen ipaddr

              listen  for  connections  only  on  network  interface  with  addr ipaddr. '-listen
              localhost' and hostname work too.

       libvncserver-tight-extension options:

       -disablefiletransfer

              disable file transfer

       -ftproot string

              set ftp root

FILES

       $HOME/.x11vncrc, $HOME/.Xauthority

ENVIRONMENT

       DISPLAY, XAUTHORITY, HOME

       The following are set for the auxiliary commands run by -accept, -gone and other cases:

       RFB_CLIENT_IP,   RFB_CLIENT_PORT,    RFB_SERVER_IP,    RFB_SERVER_PORT,    RFB_X11VNC_PID,
       RFB_CLIENT_ID,  RFB_CLIENT_COUNT,  RFB_MODE  RFB_STATE  RFB_LOGIN_VIEWONLY  RFB_LOGIN_TIME
       RFB_CURRENT_TIME RFB_USERNAME RFB_SSL_CLIENT_CERT

SEE ALSO

       vncviewer(1), vncpasswd(1), vncconnect(1),  vncserver(1),  Xvnc(1),  xev(1),  xdpyinfo(1),
       xwininfo(1),    xprop(1),   xmodmap(1),   xrandr(1),   Xserver(1),   xauth(1),   xhost(1),
       Xsecurity(7), xmessage(1), XGetImage(3X11), ipcrm(1), inetd(1),  xdm(1),  gdm(1),  kdm(1),
       ssh(1),     stunnel(8),     su(1),     http://www.tightvnc.com,    http://www.realvnc.com,
       http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/, http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/#faq

AUTHORS

       x11vnc was written by Karl J. Runge <runge@karlrunge.com>, it is part of the  LibVNCServer
       project  <http://sf.net/projects/libvncserver>.   This  manual  page  is based one the one
       written by Ludovic Drolez <ldrolez@debian.org>, for the Debian project (both may  be  used
       by others).