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NAME

       ioctl_getfsmap - retrieve the physical layout of the filesystem

SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/ioctl.h>
       #include <linux/fs.h>
       #include <linux/fsmap.h>

       int ioctl(int fd, FS_IOC_GETFSMAP, struct fsmap_head * arg);

DESCRIPTION

       This  ioctl(2)  operation  retrieves  physical  extent  mappings  for  a filesystem.  This
       information can be used to discover which files are mapped to a  physical  block,  examine
       free space, or find known bad blocks, among other things.

       The sole argument to this operation should be a pointer to a single struct fsmap_head:

           struct fsmap {
               __u32 fmr_device;      /* Device ID */
               __u32 fmr_flags;       /* Mapping flags */
               __u64 fmr_physical;    /* Device offset of segment */
               __u64 fmr_owner;       /* Owner ID */
               __u64 fmr_offset;      /* File offset of segment */
               __u64 fmr_length;      /* Length of segment */
               __u64 fmr_reserved[3]; /* Must be zero */
           };

           struct fsmap_head {
               __u32 fmh_iflags;       /* Control flags */
               __u32 fmh_oflags;       /* Output flags */
               __u32 fmh_count;        /* # of entries in array incl. input */
               __u32 fmh_entries;      /* # of entries filled in (output) */
               __u64 fmh_reserved[6];  /* Must be zero */

               struct fsmap fmh_keys[2];  /* Low and high keys for
                                             the mapping search */
               struct fsmap fmh_recs[];   /* Returned records */
           };

       The  two  fmh_keys  array  elements specify the lowest and highest reverse-mapping key for
       which the application would like physical mapping  information.   A  reverse  mapping  key
       consists  of  the  tuple  (device, block, owner, offset).  The owner and offset fields are
       part of the key because some filesystems support sharing physical blocks between  multiple
       files and therefore may return multiple mappings for a given physical block.

       Filesystem  mappings  are  copied  into  the fmh_recs array, which immediately follows the
       header data.

   Fields of struct fsmap_head
       The fmh_iflags field is a bit mask passed to the kernel to alter the output.  No flags are
       currently defined, so the caller must set this value to zero.

       The  fmh_oflags  field  is  a  bit mask of flags set by the kernel concerning the returned
       mappings.  If FMH_OF_DEV_T is set, then the fmr_device field represents a dev_t  structure
       containing the major and minor numbers of the block device.

       The  fmh_count  field  contains  the  number  of elements in the array being passed to the
       kernel.  If this value is 0, fmh_entries will be set to the number of records  that  would
       have  been  returned  had  the  array  been  large  enough; no mapping information will be
       returned.

       The fmh_entries field contains the number of elements in the fmh_recs array  that  contain
       useful information.

       The fmh_reserved fields must be set to zero.

   Keys
       The  two  key records in fsmap_head.fmh_keys specify the lowest and highest extent records
       in the keyspace that the caller wants  returned.   A  filesystem  that  can  share  blocks
       between  files  likely  requires  the  tuple  (device,  physical, owner, offset, flags) to
       uniquely index any filesystem mapping record.  Classic non-sharing  filesystems  might  be
       able  to identify any record with only (device, physical, flags).  For example, if the low
       key is set to (8:0, 36864, 0, 0, 0), the filesystem will only return records  for  extents
       starting  at  or above 36 KiB on disk.  If the high key is set to (8:0, 1048576, 0, 0, 0),
       only records below 1 MiB will be returned.  The format of  fmr_device  in  the  keys  must
       match  the  format  of  the  same  field  in  the  output  records,  as defined below.  By
       convention,  the   field   fsmap_head.fmh_keys[0]   must   contain   the   low   key   and
       fsmap_head.fmh_keys[1] must contain the high key for the request.

       For  convenience,  if  fmr_length  is set in the low key, it will be added to fmr_block or
       fmr_offset as appropriate.  The caller can take advantage  of  this  subtlety  to  set  up
       subsequent  calls  by copying fsmap_head.fmh_recs[fsmap_head.fmh_entries - 1] into the low
       key.  The function fsmap_advance (defined in linux/fsmap.h) provides this functionality.

   Fields of struct fsmap
       The  fmr_device  field  uniquely  identifies  the  underlying  storage  device.   If   the
       FMH_OF_DEV_T  flag  is  set  in the header's fmh_oflags field, this field contains a dev_t
       from which major and minor numbers can be extracted.  If the flag is not set,  this  field
       contains a value that must be unique for each unique storage device.

       The fmr_physical field contains the disk address of the extent in bytes.

       The  fmr_owner  field  contains  the  owner of the extent.  This is an inode number unless
       FMR_OF_SPECIAL_OWNER is set in the fmr_flags field, in which case the value is  determined
       by the filesystem.  See the section below about owner values for more details.

       The  fmr_offset  field  contains the logical address in the mapping record in bytes.  This
       field has no meaning if the FMR_OF_SPECIAL_OWNER or FMR_OF_EXTENT_MAP  flags  are  set  in
       fmr_flags.

       The fmr_length field contains the length of the extent in bytes.

       The fmr_flags field is a bit mask of extent state flags.  The bits are:

           FMR_OF_PREALLOC
                  The extent is allocated but not yet written.

           FMR_OF_ATTR_FORK
                  This extent contains extended attribute data.

           FMR_OF_EXTENT_MAP
                  This extent contains extent map information for the owner.

           FMR_OF_SHARED
                  Parts of this extent may be shared.

           FMR_OF_SPECIAL_OWNER
                  The fmr_owner field contains a special value instead of an inode number.

           FMR_OF_LAST
                  This is the last record in the data set.

       The fmr_reserved field will be set to zero.

   Owner values
       Generally,  the  value  of the fmr_owner field for non-metadata extents should be an inode
       number.  However, filesystems are under no obligation to report inode  numbers;  they  may
       instead  report  FMR_OWN_UNKNOWN  if  the  inode number cannot easily be retrieved, if the
       caller lacks sufficient privilege,  if  the  filesystem  does  not  support  stable  inode
       numbers,  or  for  any other reason.  If a filesystem wishes to condition the reporting of
       inode numbers based on process capabilities, it is strongly urged that  the  CAP_SYS_ADMIN
       capability be used for this purpose.

       The following special owner values are generic to all filesystems:

           FMR_OWN_FREE
                  Free space.

           FMR_OWN_UNKNOWN
                  This extent is in use but its owner is not known or not easily retrieved.

           FMR_OWN_METADATA
                  This extent is filesystem metadata.

       XFS can return the following special owner values:

           XFS_FMR_OWN_FREE
                  Free space.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_UNKNOWN
                  This extent is in use but its owner is not known or not easily retrieved.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_FS
                  Static  filesystem  metadata which exists at a fixed address.  These are the AG
                  superblock, the AGF, the AGFL, and the AGI headers.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_LOG
                  The filesystem journal.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_AG
                  Allocation group metadata, such as  the  free  space  btrees  and  the  reverse
                  mapping btrees.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_INOBT
                  The inode and free inode btrees.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_INODES
                  Inode records.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_REFC
                  Reference count information.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_COW
                  This extent is being used to stage a copy-on-write.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_DEFECTIVE:
                  This  extent  has  been  marked  defective  either  by  the  filesystem  or the
                  underlying device.

       ext4 can return the following special owner values:

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_FREE
                  Free space.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_UNKNOWN
                  This extent is in use but its owner is not known or not easily retrieved.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_FS
                  Static filesystem metadata which exists  at  a  fixed  address.   This  is  the
                  superblock and the group descriptors.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_LOG
                  The filesystem journal.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_INODES
                  Inode records.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_BLKBM
                  Block bit map.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_INOBM
                  Inode bit map.

RETURN VALUE

       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS

       The error placed in errno can be one of, but is not limited to, the following:

       EBADF  fd is not open for reading.

       EBADMSG
              The filesystem has detected a checksum error in the metadata.

       EFAULT The pointer passed in was not mapped to a valid memory address.

       EINVAL The  array  is  not  long  enough,  the  keys  do  not point to a valid part of the
              filesystem, the low key points to a  higher  point  in  the  filesystem's  physical
              storage  address  space  than the high key, or a nonzero value was passed in one of
              the fields that must be zero.

       ENOMEM Insufficient memory to process the request.

       EOPNOTSUPP
              The filesystem does not support this command.

       EUCLEAN
              The filesystem metadata is corrupt and needs repair.

VERSIONS

       The FS_IOC_GETFSMAP operation first appeared in Linux 4.12.

CONFORMING TO

       This API is Linux-specific.  Not all filesystems support it.

EXAMPLE

       See io/fsmap.c in the xfsprogs distribution for a sample program.

SEE ALSO

       ioctl(2)

COLOPHON

       This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux man-pages project.  A  description  of  the
       project,  information  about  reporting  bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be
       found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.