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NAME

       vector -  Vector data type for Tcl

SYNOPSIS

       vector configure option value ...

       vector create vecName ?vecName...? ?switches?

       vector destroy vecName ?vecName...?

       vector expr expression

       vector names ?pattern...?

       vector op operation vecName ?arg?...
_________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION

       The vector command creates a vector of floating point values.  The vector's components can
       be manipulated in three ways: through a Tcl array variable, a Tcl command, or the C API.

INTRODUCTION

       A vector is simply an ordered set of  numbers.   The  components  of  a  vector  are  real
       numbers, indexed by counting numbers.

       Vectors  are  common  data structures for many applications.  For example, a graph may use
       two vectors to represent the  X-Y  coordinates  of  the  data  plotted.   The  graph  will
       automatically  be  redrawn  when the vectors are updated or changed. By using vectors, you
       can separate data analysis from the graph widget.  This makes it easier, for  example,  to
       add  data  transformations,  such  as  splines.  It's possible to plot the same data to in
       multiple graphs, where each graph presents a different view or scale of the data.

       You could try to use Tcl's associative arrays as vectors.  Tcl arrays  are  easy  to  use.
       You can access individual elements randomly by specifying the index, or the set the entire
       array by providing a list of index and value pairs for each element.  The disadvantages of
       associative arrays as vectors lie in the fact they are implemented as hash tables.

       • There's  no  implied  ordering  to  the  associative  arrays.   If  you used vectors for
         plotting, you would want to insure the second component comes after the first, an so on.
         This isn't possible since arrays are actually hash tables.  For example, you can't get a
         range of values between two indices.  Nor can you sort an array.

       • Arrays consume lots of memory when  the  number  of  elements  becomes  large  (tens  of
         thousands).  This is because each element's index and value are stored as strings in the
         hash table.

       • The C programming interface is unwieldy.  Normally with vectors, you would like to  view
         the  Tcl  array  as  you  do a C array, as an array of floats or doubles.  But with hash
         tables, you must convert both the index and value to and from decimal strings,  just  to
         access  an  element in the array.  This makes it cumbersome to perform operations on the
         array as a whole.

       The vector command tries to overcome these disadvantages while still retaining the ease of
       use  of Tcl arrays.  The vector command creates both a new Tcl command and associate array
       which are linked to the vector components.  You  can  randomly  access  vector  components
       though  the  elements  of array.  Not all indices are generated for the array, so printing
       the array (using the parray procedure) does not print out all the component  values.   You
       can  use  the  Tcl  command to access the array as a whole.  You can copy, append, or sort
       vector using its command.  If you need greater performance, or  customized  behavior,  you
       can write your own C code to manage vectors.

EXAMPLE

       You create vectors using the vector command and its create operation.

              # Create a new vector.
              vector create y(50)

       This  creates  a  new vector named y.  It has fifty components, by default, initialized to
       0.0.  In addition, both a Tcl command and array variable, both named y, are created.   You
       can use either the command or variable to query or modify components of the vector.

              # Set the first value.
              set y(0) 9.25
              puts "y has [y length] components"

       The  array  y  can  be  used  to  read or set individual components of the vector.  Vector
       components are indexed from zero.  The array index must be a number less than  the  number
       of components.  For example, it's an error if you try to set the 51st element of y.

              # This is an error. The vector only has 50 components.
              set y(50) 0.02

       You  can  also specify a range of indices using a colon (:) to separate the first and last
       indices of the range.

              # Set the first six components of y
              set y(0:5) 25.2

       If you don't include an index, then it will default to the first and/or last component  of
       the vector.

              # Print out all the components of y
              puts "y = $y(:)"

       There are special non-numeric indices.  The index end, specifies the last component of the
       vector.  It's an error to use this index if the vector is empty  (length  is  zero).   The
       index  ++end  can  be  used  to  extend the vector by one component and initialize it to a
       specific value.  You can't read from the array using this index, though.

              # Extend the vector by one component.
              set y(++end) 0.02

       The other special indices are min and max.  They return the current smallest  and  largest
       components of the vector.

              # Print the bounds of the vector
              puts "min=$y(min) max=$y(max)"

       To  delete  components from a vector, simply unset the corresponding array element. In the
       following example, the first component of y is deleted.  All the remaining components of y
       will be moved down by one index as the length of the vector is reduced by one.

              # Delete the first component
              unset y(0)
              puts "new first element is $y(0)"

       The vector's Tcl command can also be used to query or set the vector.

              # Create and set the components of a new vector
              vector create x
              x set { 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 }

       Here  we've  created a vector x without a initial length specification.  In this case, the
       length is zero.  The set operation resets the vector, extending it and setting values  for
       each new component.

       There  are  several operations for vectors.  The range operation lists the components of a
       vector between two indices.

              # List the components
              puts "x = [x range 0 end]"

       You can search for a particular value using the search operation.  It returns  a  list  of
       indices  of  the  components  with the same value.  If no component has the same value, it
       returns "".

              # Find the index of the biggest component
              set indices [x search $x(max)]

       Other operations copy, append, or sort vectors.  You can append vectors or new values onto
       an existing vector with the append operation.

              # Append assorted vectors and values to x
              x append x2 x3 { 2.3 4.5 } x4

       The  sort  operation  sorts the vector.  If any additional vectors are specified, they are
       rearranged in the same order as the vector.  For example, you could use it  to  sort  data
       points represented by x and y vectors.

              # Sort the data points
              x sort y

       The  vector  x is sorted while the components of y are rearranged so that the original x,y
       coordinate pairs are retained.

       The expr operation lets you perform arithmetic on vectors.  The result is  stored  in  the
       vector.

              # Add the two vectors and a scalar
              x expr { x + y }
              x expr { x * 2 }

       When  a  vector  is modified, resized, or deleted, it may trigger call-backs to notify the
       clients of the vector.  For example, when a vector used in the graph  widget  is  updated,
       the  vector  automatically  notifies  the  widget that it has changed.  The graph can then
       redrawn itself at the next idle point.  By default, the notification  occurs  when  Tk  is
       next idle.  This way you can modify the vector many times without incurring the penalty of
       the graph redrawing itself for each change.  You can change this behavior using the notify
       operation.

              # Make vector x notify after every change
              x notify always
                ...
              # Never notify
              x notify never
                ...
              # Force notification now
              x notify now

              # Set Tcl callback for update of Tktable widget .t.
              x notify callback {.t conf -padx [.t cget -padx]; .t reread}

       To  delete a vector, use the vector delete command.  Both the vector and its corresponding
       Tcl command are destroyed.

              # Remove vector x
              vector destroy x

       The psuedo vector last can be used at the  end  of  an  expression  to  implement  running
       totals.   During  execution  it  resolves  to  the result from the previous vector element
       evaluation.

              vector create A(10)
              vector create B(10)
              vector create S(10)
              vector create T(10)
              S expr A+B
              T expr S+last; # Running total

SYNTAX

       Vectors are created using the vector create operation.  Th create operation can be invoked
       in one of three forms:

       vector create vecName
              This creates a new vector vecName which initially has no components.

       vector create vecName(size)
              This second form creates a new vector which will contain size number of components.
              The components will be indexed starting from zero (0). The default  value  for  the
              components is 0.0.

       vector create vecName(rows,columns)
              This  form  allows creation of a matrix with the specified columns and rows*columns
              elements.  See the matrix section for more details.

       vector create vecName(first:last)
              The last form creates a new vector of indexed first through last.  First  and  last
              can be any integer value so long as first is less than last.

       Vector names must start with a letter and consist of letters, digits, or underscores.

              # Error: must start with letter
              vector create 1abc

       You  can  automatically  generate  vector names using the "#auto" vector name.  The create
       operation will generate a unique vector name.

              set vec [vector create #auto]
              puts "$vec has [$vec length] components"

   VECTOR INDICES
       Vectors are indexed by integers.  You can access the individual vector components via  its
       array  variable  or  Tcl  command.  The string representing the index can be an integer, a
       numeric expression, a range, or a special keyword.

       The index must lie within the current range of the vector, otherwise an an  error  message
       is  returned.   Normally  the  indices  of a vector are start from 0.  But you can use the
       offset operation to change a vector's indices on-the-fly.

              puts $vecName(0)
              vecName offset -5
              puts $vecName(-5)

       When matrix numcols is > 1, 2D indexes are supported using ROW,COL form.

              vecName matrix numcols 3
              puts vecName(0,2)

       You can also use numeric expressions as indices.  The result of the expression must be  an
       integer value.

              set n 21
              set vecName($n+3) 50.2

       The following special non-numeric indices are available: min, max, end, and ++end.

              puts "min = $vecName($min)"
              set vecName(end) -1.2

       The  indices  min  and max will return the minimum and maximum values of the vector.  Also
       available are: prod,  sum, and mean.   The  index  end  returns  the  value  of  the  last
       component  in the vector.  he index end,0 returns the value of the last row in column 0 of
       the vector.   The  index  ++end  is  used  to  append  new  value  onto  the  vector.   It
       automatically extends the vector by numcols and sets its value.

              # Append an new component to the end
              set vecName(++end) 3.2

       A range of indices can be indicated by a colon (:).

              # Set the first six components to 1.0
              set vecName(0:5) 1.0

       If no index is supplied the first or last component is assumed.

              # Print the values of all the components
              puts $vecName(:)

VECTOR OPERATIONS

       vector  configure  ? -flush bool -watchunset bool -oldcreate bool -maxsize int -novariable
       bool -nocommand bool?
              The configure operation sets the default options used in  creating  vectors:  these
              options  are global to the interpreter.  The -maxsize option, when non-zero, limits
              creation size.  The -oldcreate enable the creation shortcut: vector vec1 vec2  ....
              See  the  create  command  for  details  on  the others.  By default, these are all
              disabled or zero.

       vector create vecName?(size)?... ?switches?
              The create operation creates a new vector vecName. The size may be  an  integer,  a
              START:END range or ROW,COL (see matrix).  This creates both a Tcl command and array
              variable called vecName.  The name vecName must be unique, so another  Tcl  command
              or  array  variable can not already exist in the current scope.  You may access the
              components of the vector using the  variable.  If you change a value in the  array,
              or  unset an array element, the vector is updated to reflect the changes.  When the
              variable vecName is unset, the vector and its Tcl command are also destroyed.

              The vector has optional switches that affect how the vector is created. They are as
              follows:

              -variable varName
                     Specifies  the  name  of  a  Tcl variable to be mapped to the vector. If the
                     variable already exists, it is first deleted, then recreated.  If varName is
                     the  empty  string,  then  no variable will be mapped.  You can always map a
                     variable back to the vector using the vector's variable operation.

              -command cmdName
                     Maps a Tcl command to the vector. The vector can be accessed  using  cmdName
                     and  one  of  the  vector  instance  operations.  A Tcl command by that name
                     cannot already exist.  If cmdName is the empty string,  no  command  mapping
                     will be made.

              -watchunset boolean
                     Indicates that the vector should automatically delete itself if the variable
                     associated with the vector is unset.  By default, the  vector  will  not  be
                     deleted.   This  is different from previous releases.  Set boolean to "true"
                     to get the old behavior.

              -flush boolean
                     Indicates that the vector should automatically  flush  the  cached  variable
                     elements  which unsets all the elements of the Tcl array variable associated
                     with the vector, freeing memory associated with the variable. This  includes
                     both  the  hash  table  and  the  hash  keys.   The  down  side is that this
                     effectively flushes the caching of vector elements in the array.  This means
                     that  the  subsequent  reads  of  the array will require a decimal to string
                     conversion.  By default, flushing is disabled.

       vector destroy vecName ?vecName...?
              Destroy vectors.

       vector expr expression
              All binary operators take vectors as operands (remember that numbers are treated as
              one-component vectors).The exact action of binary operators depends upon the length
              of the second operand.  If the second operand has only  one  component,  then  each
              element  of  the  first vector operand is computed by that value.  For example, the
              expression "x * 2" multiples all elements of the vector x  by  2.   If  the  second
              operand  has  more than one component, both operands must be the same length.  Each
              pair of corresponding elements are computed.   So  "x  +  y"  adds  the  the  first
              components of x and y together, the second, and so on.

              The valid operators are listed below, grouped in decreasing order of precedence:

              -  !                Unary minus and logical NOT.  The unary minus flips the sign of
                                  each component in the vector.  The logical not operator returns
                                  a  vector  of  whose  values are 0.0 or 1.0.  For each non-zero
                                  component 1.0 is returned, 0.0 otherwise.

              ^                   Exponentiation.

              *  /  %             Multiply, divide, remainder.

              +  -                Add and subtract.

              <<  >>              Left and right shift.  Circularly  shifts  the  values  of  the
                                  vector

              <  >  <=  >=        Boolean  less, greater, less than or equal, and greater than or
                                  equal.  Each operator returns a vector of ones and  zeros.   If
                                  the  condition  is  true,  1.0  is  the  component  value,  0.0
                                  otherwise.

              ==  !=              Boolean equal and not equal.  Each operator returns a vector of
                                  ones and zeros.  If the condition is true, 1.0 is the component
                                  value, 0.0 otherwise.

              &&                  Logical AND.  Produces a 1 result if  both  operands  are  non-
                                  zero, 0 otherwise.

              ||                  Logical  OR.   Produces a 0 result if both operands are zero, 1
                                  otherwise.

              x?y:z               If-then-else, as in C.

              See the C manual for more details on the results produced by each operator.  All of
              the binary operators group left-to-right within the same precedence level.

              Several  mathematical  functions  are supported for vectors.  Each of the following
              functions invokes the math library function  of  the  same  name;  see  the  manual
              entries  for  the  library functions for details on what they do.  The operation is
              applied to all elements of the vector returning the results.   All functions take a
              vector  operand.   If  no vector operand is used in the call, the current vector is
              assumed. eg.

                     vector create aVec
                     aVec seq 0 100
                     aVec expr {2*abs(aVec)-1}
                     aVec length 100
                     aVec expr {2*row()}
                     vector expr {2*row()} ; # ERROR!

                     acos        cos         hypot      sinh
                     asin        cosh        log        sqrt
                     atan        exp         log10      tan
                     ceil        floor       sin        tanh

              Additional functions are:

              abs       Returns the absolute value of each component.

              random    Returns a vector of non-negative  values  uniformly  distributed  between
                        [0.0,  1.0) using drand48.  The seed comes from the internal clock of the
                        machine or may be set manual with the srandom function.

              round     Rounds each component of the vector.

              srandom   Initializes the random number generator using srand48.   The  high  order
                        32-bits are set using the integral portion of the first vector component.
                        All other components are ignored.  The low order 16-bits are  set  to  an
                        arbitrary value.

              The following functions return a single value.

              adev      Returns  the average deviation (defined as the sum of the absolute values
                        of the differences between component and the mean, divided by the  length
                        of the vector).

              kurtosis  Returns the degree of peakedness (fourth moment) of the vector.

              length    Returns the number of components in the vector.

              max       Returns the vector's maximum value.

              mean      Returns the mean value of the vector.

              median    Returns the median of the vector.

              min       Returns the vector's minimum value.

              q1        Returns the first quartile of the vector.

              q3        Returns the third quartile of the vector.

              prod      Returns the product of the components.

              sdev      Returns  the  standard  deviation  (defined  as  the  square  root of the
                        variance) of the vector.

              skew      Returns the skewness (or third moment) of the vector.  This characterizes
                        the degree of asymmetry of the vector about the mean.

              sum       Returns the sum of the components.

              var       Returns  the  variance  of the vector. The sum of the squared differences
                        between each component and the mean is computed.  The variance is the sum
                        divided by the length of the vector minus 1.

              This last set of functions returns a vector of the same length as the argument.

              invert    Returns vector with elements in reversed order.

              norm      Scales the values of the vector to lie in the range [0.0..1.0].

              row       Psuedo function to get the current row.

              sort      Returns the vector components sorted in ascending order.

              shift(nVec,N)
                        This  is the only function taking a second arg.  It provides a version of
                        nvec shifted by N places.  When N is a scalar or  vector  with  only  one
                        element,  shift fills vacant area with 0. Otherwise the second element of
                        nVec is used for the fill value.  One use for this is  providing  running
                        totals.

       vector names ?pattern?
              Return names of all defined vectors.

       vector op operation vecName ?arg?...
              Invoke  instance  operation.  Supported operations are defined in the next section.
              Op is the only way to invoke  instance  operation  sub-commands  when  -command  is
              defined as empty in a vector.  It also allows writing vector code that is checkable
              by a syntax checkers.  eg.

              vector create v1
              v1 op append {1 2 3}
              v1 op modify 1 2.1

INSTANCE OPERATIONS

       You can also use the vector's Tcl command to query or modify  it.   The  general  form  is
       vecName  operation  ?arg?...   Note  this  is  equivalent to the form: vector op operation
       vecName ?arg?...  Both operation and its arguments determine the  exact  behavior  of  the
       command.  The operations available for vectors are listed below.

       vecName + item
              vecName - item vecName * item vecName / item Perform binary op and return result as
              a list.

       vecName append item ?item?...
              Appends the component values from item to vecName.  Item can be either the name  of
              a vector or a list of numeric values.

       vecName binread channel ?length? ?switches?
              Reads  binary  values  from a Tcl channel. Values are either appended to the end of
              the vector or placed at a given index (using the -at option), overwriting  existing
              values.   Data  is  read until EOF is found on the channel or a specified number of
              values length are read (note that this is not necessarily the same as the number of
              bytes). The following switches are supported:

              -swap  Swap bytes and words.  The default endian is the host machine.

              -at index
                     New  values  will  start  at  vector  index  index.  This will overwrite any
                     current values.

              -format format
                     Specifies the format of the data.  Format can be one of the following: "i1",
                     "i2",  "i4",  "i8", "u1, "u2", "u4", "u8", "r4", "r8", or "r16".  The number
                     indicates the number of bytes required for each value.  The letter indicates
                     the type: "i" for signed, "u" for unsigned, "r" or real.  The default format
                     is "r16".

       vecName binwrite channel ?length? ?-at index?
              Like binread, but writes data.

       vecName clear
              Clears the element indices from the array variable associated with  vecName.   This
              doesn't  affect the components of the vector.  By default, the number of entries in
              the Tcl array doesn't match the number  of  components  in  the  vector.   This  is
              because  its too expensive to maintain decimal strings for both the index and value
              for each component.  Instead, the index and value are saved only when you  read  or
              write  an  element  with  a  new  index.   This command removes the index and value
              strings from the array.  This is useful when the vector is large.

       vecName delete index ?index?...
              Deletes the indexth component from the vector vecName.  Index is the index  of  the
              element  to  be  deleted.  This is the same as unsetting the array variable element
              index.  The vector is compacted after all the indices have been deleted.

       vecName dup destName
              Copies vecName to destName. DestName is the name of a  destination  vector.   If  a
              vector  destName  already exists, it is overwritten with the components of vecName.
              Otherwise a new vector is created.

       vecName expr expression
              Computes the expression and resets the values  of  the  vector  accordingly.   Both
              scalar  and  vector  math  operations  are  allowed.  All values in expressions are
              either real numbers or names of vectors.  All numbers are treated as one  component
              vectors.

       vecName index index ?value?...
              Get/set individual vector values.  This provides element updating when -variable is
              set to empty.

       vecName insert index item ?item?...
              Inserts the component values from item to vecName at index Item can be  either  the
              name of a vector or a list of numeric values.

       vecName length ?newSize?
              Queries  or  resets  the  number  of  components  in  vecName.  NewSize is a number
              specifying the new size of the vector.  If newSize is smaller than the current size
              of  vecName,  vecName  is truncated.  If newSize is greater, the vector is extended
              and the new components are initialized to 0.0.  If no newSize argument is  present,
              the current length of the vector is returned.

       vecName matrix  ...
              Matrix  provides  a 2D array view into 1D data.  It provides indexing operations in
              ROW,COL form making it  suitable  for  use  with  TkTable.   Data  storage  remains
              unchanged:  vectors  are still just a single long array.  For example, here are two
              ways to create a 3 column by 10 row matrix:

              vector create aVec(10,3)
              vector create bVec(30)
              bVec matrix numcols 3
              set aVec(0,0) 99
              set bVec(29,2) -99
              aVec append {5 6 7}; # aVec now has 11 rows.
              aVec append 1 2;     # Now aVec has 13 rows!

       Note that data is appended only in increments of numcols.  Elements 0-2 make up the  first
       row, 3-5 the second, etc.  Elements will appear only in increments of the column size.

              vecName matrix copy dstcolumn srccolumn ?srcVec?
                     Copy  a  column  of  element  values to column dstcolumn from srccolumn.  If
                     vector srcVec is given, and not the same as  vecName,  the  columns  numbers
                     must  be  different.   If  the  srcVec  column  is  longer,  vecName will be
                     extended.  If shorter, remaining destination values are not overwritten.

              vecName matrix delete column.
                     Delete elements in a column.  Note that numcols, which must be greater  than
                     1, will be decremented.

              vecName matrix get column
                     Get  the  element in a column:  this number must be less than numcols.  Note
                     that numcols must be non-zero.

              vecName matrix insert column ?initvalue? .
                     Insert a new column of elements at column (default 0).  The  new  column  is
                     initialized with initvalue, or 0.0 if not specified.  Note that numcols will
                     be incremented.

              vecName matrix multiply srcVec ?dstVec?
                     Perform matrix  multiplication  using  srcVec,  placing  results  either  in
                     dstVec,  or returned as a list.  The numrows of srcVec must equal numcols in
                     vecName.  One application for multiply is coordinate transformation.

              vecName matrix numcols ?size?
                     Get or set the number of columns for a vectors data.  Values >1 enable array
                     variables  to  accept  2d matrix indexes.  For example with a numcols of 10,
                     $vec1(1,2) refers to the 13th element in the vector. A vectors size is  also
                     constrained to multiples of numcols, as is it's offset.  By default, numcols
                     is 1.

              vecName matrix numrows ?size?
                     Get or set the length of rows in a columns for a vector.  By  default,  this
                     is  just  the  vector  length/numcols.  Setting this value simply provides a
                     convenient way to increase or decrease  the  vector  size  by  multiples  of
                     numcols.

              vecName matrix set column ?valuelist?
                     Set  value   elements  in  a column:  this number must be less than numcols.
                     The valuelist is a list values.  If this list is shorter  than  the  column,
                     it's  last  value  is used for all remaining columns. The column gets set to
                     the values of item, or 0.0 by default.

              vecName matrix shift column amount ?startoffset?
                     Shifts the values of a column by integer inamount.  A negative value  shifts
                     upward.  The startoffset indicates where to start shifting from.

              vecName matrix sort column ?-reverse?
                     Sort the vector by the given column.

              vecName matrix transpose
                     Transpose  all  columns  with  rows in matrix.  Note that this is a no-op if
                     numcols is 1.  Otherwise, numcols will change to vectorLength/numcols.

       vecName merge srcName ?srcName?...
              Merges the named vectors into a single vector.  The resulting vector is  formed  by
              merging the components of each source vector one index at a time.

       vecName notify ?keyword? ?script?
              Queries or controls how vector clients are notified of changes to the vector.  Also
              allows setting a notifier callback.  The exact behavior is determined by keyword.

              always Indicates that clients are to be notified immediately whenever the vector is
                     updated.

              never  Indicates that no clients are to be notified.

              whenidle
                     Indicates  that  clients  are to be notified at the next idle point whenever
                     the vector is updated.

              now    If  any  client  notifications  is  currently  pending,  they  are  notified
                     immediately.

              cancel Cancels pending notifications of clients using the vector.

              pending
                     Returns 1 if a client notification is pending, and 0 otherwise.

              callback ?script?
                     Query  or  set  a  Tcl  callback  script  that is evaluated when a vector is
                     updated.

       vecName populate destName ?density?
              Creates a vector destName which is a superset of vecName.   DestName  will  include
              all  the  components  of  vecName,  in  addition  the  interval between each of the
              original components will contain a density number of new components,  whose  values
              are  evenly distributed between the original components values.  This is useful for
              generating abscissas to be interpolated along a spline.

       vecName range firstIndex ?lastIndex?...
              Returns a list of numeric values representing the  vector  components  between  two
              indices.  Both  firstIndex  and  lastIndex  are  indices  representing the range of
              components to be returned. If lastIndex is less than firstIndex, the components are
              listed in reverse order.

       vecName search value ?value?
              Searches  for  a  value or range of values among the components of vecName.  If one
              value argument is given, a list of indices of the components which equal  value  is
              returned.   If  a second value is also provided, then the indices of all components
              which lie within the range of the two values are returned.  If  no  components  are
              found, then "" is returned.

       vecName set item
              Resets  the  components of the vector to item. Item can be either a list of numeric
              expressions or another vector.

       vecName seq start ?finish? ?step?
              Generates a sequence of values starting with the value start.  Finish indicates the
              terminating  value of the sequence.  The vector is automatically resized to contain
              just the sequence.  If three arguments are present, step designates the interval.

              With only two arguments (no finish argument), the sequence will continue until  the
              vector is filled.  With one argument, the interval defaults to 1.0.

       vecName sort ?-reverse? ?argName?...
              Sorts the vector vecName in increasing order.  If the -reverse flag is present, the
              vector is sorted in decreasing order.  If other arguments argName are present, they
              are  the  names  of vectors which will be rearranged in the same manner as vecName.
              Each vector must be the same length as vecName.  You could use this to sort  the  x
              vector  of  a  graph,  while  still  retaining the same x,y coordinate pairs in a y
              vector.

       vecName split dstName ?dstName?...
              Split the vector into a multiple vectors.  The resulting N vectors each contain the
              mod-Nth element from source.

       vecName variable varName
              Maps a Tcl variable to the vector, creating another means for accessing the vector.
              The variable varName can't already  exist.  This  overrides  any  current  variable
              mapping the vector may have.

C LANGUAGE API

       You can create, modify, and destroy vectors from C code, using library routines.  You need
       to include the header file blt.h. It contains the definition of the structure  Blt_Vector,
       which represents the vector.  It appears below.

              typedef struct {
                  double *valueArr;
                  int numValues;
                  int arraySize;
                  double min, max;
              } Blt_Vector;

       The  field  valueArr  points  to memory holding the vector components.  The components are
       stored in a  double  precision  array,  whose  size  size  is  represented  by  arraySize.
       NumValues  is  the  length  of vector.  The size of the array is always equal to or larger
       than the length of the vector.  Min and max are minimum and maximum component values.

LIBRARY ROUTINES

       The following routines are available from C to manage vectors.  Vectors are identified  by
       the vector name.

       Blt_CreateVector

         Synopsis:

                   int Blt_CreateVector (interp, vecName, length, vecPtrPtr)
                                Tcl_Interp *interp;
                                char *vecName;
                                int length;
                                Blt_Vector **vecPtrPtr;

         Description:
                   Creates  a  new  vector  vecName  with  a  length of length.  Blt_CreateVector
                   creates both a new Tcl command and array variable vecName.  Neither a  command
                   nor  variable  named  vecName  can  already exist.  A pointer to the vector is
                   placed into vecPtrPtr.

         Results:  Returns TCL_OK if the vector is successfully created.  If length is  negative,
                   a  Tcl  variable  or  command  vecName  already  exists,  or  memory cannot be
                   allocated for the vector, then TCL_ERROR is returned and  interp->result  will
                   contain an error message.

       Blt_DeleteVectorByName

         Synopsis:

                   int Blt_DeleteVectorByName (interp, vecName)
                                Tcl_Interp *interp;
                                char *vecName;

         Description:
                   Removes  the  vector  vecName.   VecName  is  the  name of a vector which must
                   already exist.  Both the Tcl command and array variable vecName are destroyed.
                   All  clients  of  the  vector will be notified immediately that the vector has
                   been destroyed.

         Results:  Returns TCL_OK if the vector is successfully deleted.  If vecName is  not  the
                   name  a  vector, then TCL_ERROR is returned and interp->result will contain an
                   error message.

       Blt_DeleteVector

         Synopsis:

                   int Blt_DeleteVector (vecPtr)
                                Blt_Vector *vecPtr;

         Description:
                   Removes the vector pointed to by vecPtr.  VecPtr is a  pointer  to  a  vector,
                   typically  set by Blt_GetVector or Blt_CreateVector.  Both the Tcl command and
                   array variable of the vector are destroyed.  All clients of the vector will be
                   notified immediately that the vector has been destroyed.

         Results:  Returns  TCL_OK  if the vector is successfully deleted.  If vecName is not the
                   name a vector, then TCL_ERROR is returned and interp->result will  contain  an
                   error message.

       Blt_GetVector

         Synopsis:

                   int Blt_GetVector (interp, vecName, vecPtrPtr)
                                Tcl_Interp *interp;
                                char *vecName;
                                Blt_Vector **vecPtrPtr;

         Description:
                   Retrieves  the  vector  vecName.   VecName  is the name of a vector which must
                   already exist.  VecPtrPtr will point be set to the address of the vector.

         Results:  Returns TCL_OK if the vector is successfully retrieved.  If vecName is not the
                   name  of  a vector, then TCL_ERROR is returned and interp->result will contain
                   an error message.

       Blt_ResetVector

         Synopsis:

                   int Blt_ResetVector (vecPtr, dataArr,
                     numValues, arraySize, freeProc)
                                Blt_Vector *vecPtr;
                                double *dataArr;
                                int *numValues;
                                int *arraySize;
                                Tcl_FreeProc *freeProc;

         Description:
                   Resets  the  components  of  the  vector  pointed  to  by   vecPtr.    Calling
                   Blt_ResetVector  will  trigger  the  vector  to  dispatch notifications to its
                   clients. DataArr is the array of doubles which  represents  the  vector  data.
                   NumValues is the number of elements in the array. ArraySize is the actual size
                   of the array (the array may be bigger than the number of values stored in it).
                   FreeProc  indicates  how  the storage for the vector component array (dataArr)
                   was allocated.  It is used to determine how  to  reallocate  memory  when  the
                   vector   is  resized  or  destroyed.   It  must  be  TCL_DYNAMIC,  TCL_STATIC,
                   TCL_VOLATILE, or a pointer to a function to free the memory allocated for  the
                   vector  array.  If freeProc is TCL_VOLATILE, it indicates that dataArr must be
                   copied and saved.  If freeProc is TCL_DYNAMIC, it indicates that  dataArr  was
                   dynamically  allocated  and that Tcl should free dataArr if necessary.  Static
                   indicates that nothing should be done to release storage for dataArr.

         Results:  Returns TCL_OK if the vector is successfully resized.  If newSize is negative,
                   a vector vecName does not exist, or memory cannot be allocated for the vector,
                   then TCL_ERROR is returned and interp->result will contain an error message.

       Blt_ResizeVector

         Synopsis:

                   int Blt_ResizeVector (vecPtr, newSize)
                                Blt_Vector *vecPtr;
                                int newSize;

         Description:
                   Resets the length of the vector pointed to by vecPtr to newSize.   If  newSize
                   is  smaller  than the current size of the vector, it is truncated.  If newSize
                   is greater, the vector is extended and the new components are  initialized  to
                   0.0.    Calling   Blt_ResetVector   will   trigger   the  vector  to  dispatch
                   notifications.

         Results:  Returns TCL_OK if the vector is successfully resized.  If newSize is  negative
                   or  memory can not be allocated for the vector, then TCL_ERROR is returned and
                   interp->result will contain an error message.

         Blt_VectorExists

            Synopsis:

                      int Blt_VectorExists (interp, vecName)
                                  Tcl_Interp *interp;
                                  char *vecName;

            Description:
                      Indicates if a vector named vecName exists in interp.

            Results:  Returns 1 if a vector vecName exists and 0 otherwise.

         If your application needs to be notified when a vector changes, it can allocate a unique
         client  identifier for itself.  Using this identifier, you can then register a call-back
         to be made whenever the vector is updated or destroyed.  By default, the call-backs  are
         made  at  the  next  idle point.  This can be changed to occur at the time the vector is
         modified.  An application can allocate more than one identifier for  any  vector.   When
         the client application is done with the vector, it should free the identifier.

         The call-back routine must of the following type.

                       typedef void (Blt_VectorChangedProc) (Tcl_Interp *interp,
                          ClientData clientData, Blt_VectorNotify notify);

         ClientData  is  passed  to this routine whenever it is called.  You can use this to pass
         information to the call-back.  The notify argument indicates whether the vector has been
         updated of destroyed. It is an enumerated type.

                       typedef enum {
                           BLT_VECTOR_NOTIFY_UPDATE=1,
                           BLT_VECTOR_NOTIFY_DESTROY=2
                       } Blt_VectorNotify;

         Blt_AllocVectorId

            Synopsis:

                      Blt_VectorId Blt_AllocVectorId (interp, vecName)
                                  Tcl_Interp *interp;
                                  char *vecName;

            Description:
                      Allocates   an  client  identifier  for  with  the  vector  vecName.   This
                      identifier can be used to specify a call-back which is triggered  when  the
                      vector is updated or destroyed.

            Results:  Returns a client identifier if successful.  If vecName is not the name of a
                      vector, then NULL is returned and  interp->result  will  contain  an  error
                      message.

         Blt_GetVectorById

            Synopsis:

                      int Blt_GetVector (interp, clientId, vecPtrPtr)
                                  Tcl_Interp *interp;
                                  Blt_VectorId clientId;
                                  Blt_Vector **vecPtrPtr;

            Description:
                      Retrieves  the  vector used by clientId.  ClientId is a valid vector client
                      identifier allocated by Blt_AllocVectorId.  VecPtrPtr will point be set  to
                      the address of the vector.

            Results:  Returns TCL_OK if the vector is successfully retrieved.

         Blt_SetVectorChangedProc

            Synopsis:

                      void Blt_SetVectorChangedProc (clientId, proc, clientData);
                                  Blt_VectorId clientId;
                                  Blt_VectorChangedProc *proc;
                                  ClientData *clientData;

            Description:
                      Specifies  a  call-back routine to be called whenever the vector associated
                      with clientId is updated or  deleted.   Proc  is  a  pointer  to  call-back
                      routine  and  must  be  of the type Blt_VectorChangedProc.  ClientData is a
                      one-word value to be passed to the routine when it is invoked. If  proc  is
                      NULL, then the client is not notified.

            Results:  The  designated  call-back  procedure  will  be  invoked when the vector is
                      updated or destroyed.

         Blt_FreeVectorId

            Synopsis:

                      void Blt_FreeVectorId (clientId);
                                  Blt_VectorId clientId;

            Description:
                      Frees the client  identifier.   Memory  allocated  for  the  identifier  is
                      released.   The  client  will  no  longer  be  notified  when the vector is
                      modified.

            Results:  The designated call-back procedure will be no longer be  invoked  when  the
                      vector is updated or destroyed.

         Blt_NameOfVectorId

            Synopsis:

                      char *Blt_NameOfVectorId (clientId);
                                  Blt_VectorId clientId;

            Description:
                      Retrieves  the  name  of  the  vector associated with the client identifier
                      clientId.

            Results:  Returns the name of the vector associated with clientId.   If  clientId  is
                      not an identifier or the vector has been destroyed, NULL is returned.

         Blt_InstallIndexProc

            Synopsis:

                      void Blt_InstallIndexProc (indexName, procPtr)
                                  char *indexName;
                                  Blt_VectorIndexProc *procPtr;

            Description:
                      Registers a function to be called to retrieved the index indexName from the
                      vector's array variable.

                      typedef double Blt_VectorIndexProc(Vector *vecPtr);

                      The function will be passed a pointer to the  vector.   The  function  must
                      return a double representing the value at the index.

            Results:  The new index is installed into the vector.

C API EXAMPLE

       The  following  example  opens a file of binary data and stores it in an array of doubles.
       The array size is computed from the size of the file. If the vector "data" exists, calling
       Blt_VectorExists, Blt_GetVector is called to get the pointer to the vector.  Otherwise the
       routine Blt_CreateVector is called to create a new vector and returns  a  pointer  to  it.
       Just  like the Tcl interface, both a new Tcl command and array variable are created when a
       new vector is created. It doesn't make any difference what the initial size of the  vector
       is  since  it  will be reset shortly. The vector is updated when lt_ResetVector is called.
       Blt_ResetVector makes the changes visible to the Tcl interface and  other  vector  clients
       (such as a graph widget).

              #include <tcl.h>
              #include <blt.h>
              ...
              Blt_Vector *vecPtr;
              double *newArr;
              FILE *f;
              struct stat statBuf;
              int numBytes, numValues;

              f = fopen("binary.dat", "r");
              fstat(fileno(f), &statBuf);
              numBytes = (int)statBuf.st_size;

              /* Allocate an array big enough to hold all the data */
              newArr = (double *)malloc(numBytes);
              numValues = numBytes / sizeof(double);
              fread((void *)newArr, numValues, sizeof(double), f);
              fclose(f);

              if (Blt_VectorExists(interp, "data"))  {
                  if (Blt_GetVector(interp, "data", &vecPtr) != TCL_OK) {
                return TCL_ERROR;
                  }
              } else {
                 if (Blt_CreateVector(interp, "data", 0, &vecPtr) != TCL_OK) {
                return TCL_ERROR;
                 }
              }
              /*
               * Reset the vector. Clients will be notified when Tk is idle.
               * TCL_DYNAMIC tells the vector to free the memory allocated
               * if it needs to reallocate or destroy the vector.
               */
              if (Blt_ResetVector(vecPtr, newArr, numValues, numValues,
                TCL_DYNAMIC) != TCL_OK) {
                  return TCL_ERROR;
              }

INCOMPATIBILITIES

       In  previous versions, if the array variable isn't global (i.e. local to a Tcl procedure),
       the vector is automatically destroyed when the procedure returns.

              proc doit {} {
                  # Temporary vector x
                  vector x(10)
                  set x(9) 2.0
                    ...
              }

       This has changed.  Variables are not automatically destroyed when their variable is unset.
       You can restore the old behavior by setting the "-watchunset" switch.

KEYWORDS

       vector, graph, widget