Provided by: ntfs-3g_2017.3.23-2ubuntu0.18.04.5_amd64 bug

NAME

       ntfs-3g - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver

SYNOPSIS

       ntfs-3g [-o option[,...]]  volume mount_point
       mount -t ntfs-3g [-o option[,...]]  volume mount_point
       lowntfs-3g [-o option[,...]]  volume mount_point
       mount -t lowntfs-3g [-o option[,...]]  volume mount_point

DESCRIPTION

       ntfs-3g is an NTFS driver, which can create, remove, rename, move files, directories, hard
       links, and streams; it can read and write  files,  including  streams,  sparse  files  and
       transparently  compressed files; it can handle special files like symbolic links, devices,
       and FIFOs; moreover it provides standard management of  file  ownership  and  permissions,
       including POSIX ACLs.

       It  comes in two variants ntfs-3g and lowntfs-3g with a few differences mentioned below in
       relevant options descriptions.

       The volume to be mounted can be either a block device or an image file.

   Windows hibernation and fast restarting
       On computers which can be dual-booted into Windows or Linux, Windows has to be fully  shut
       down  before  booting into Linux, otherwise the NTFS file systems on internal disks may be
       left in an inconsistent state and changes made by Linux may be ignored by Windows.

       So, Windows may not be left  in  hibernation  when  starting  Linux,  in  order  to  avoid
       inconsistencies.  Moreover,  the  fast restart feature available on recent Windows systems
       has to be disabled. This can be achieved  by  issuing  as  an  Administrator  the  Windows
       command which disables both hibernation and fast restarting :

              powercfg /h off

   Access Handling and Security
       By  default,  files  and  directories  are  owned  by  the effective user and group of the
       mounting process, and everybody has full read, write,  execution  and  directory  browsing
       permissions.  You can also assign permissions to a single user by using the uid and/or the
       gid options together with the umask, or fmask and dmask options.

       Doing so, Windows users have full access to the files created by ntfs-3g.

       But, by setting the permissions option, you  can  benefit  from  the  full  ownership  and
       permissions  features  as  defined by POSIX. Moreover, by defining a Windows-to-Linux user
       mapping, the ownerships and permissions are even applied to Windows users and conversely.

       If ntfs-3g is set setuid-root then non-root users will be also able to mount volumes.

   Windows Filename Compatibility
       NTFS supports several filename namespaces: DOS, Win32 and POSIX. While the ntfs-3g  driver
       handles  all  of  them,  it  always  creates  new files in the POSIX namespace for maximum
       portability and interoperability reasons.  This means that filenames  are  case  sensitive
       and  all  characters  are allowed except '/' and '\0'. This is perfectly legal on Windows,
       though some application may get confused. The option windows_names may be  used  to  apply
       Windows restrictions to new file names.

   Alternate Data Streams (ADS)
       NTFS  stores  all  data in streams. Every file has exactly one unnamed data stream and can
       have many named data streams.  The size of a file is the size of its unnamed data  stream.
       By default, ntfs-3g will only read the unnamed data stream.

       By  using  the  options "streams_interface=windows", with the ntfs-3g driver (not possible
       with lowntfs-3g), you will be able to read any named data streams,  simply  by  specifying
       the stream's name after a colon.  For example:

              cat some.mp3:artist

       Named  data  streams  act  like normal files, so you can read from them, write to them and
       even delete them (using rm).  You can list all the  named  data  streams  a  file  has  by
       getting the "ntfs.streams.list" extended attribute.

OPTIONS

       Below is a summary of the options that ntfs-3g accepts.

       uid=value and gid=value
              Set  the  owner  and  the group of files and directories. The values are numerical.
              The defaults are the uid and gid of the current process.

       umask=value
              Set the  bitmask of the file and directory permissions that are  not  present.  The
              value  is  given  in  octal.  The  default  value  is  0 which means full access to
              everybody.

       fmask=value
              Set the  bitmask of the file permissions that are not present.  The value is  given
              in octal. The default value is 0 which means full access to everybody.

       dmask=value
              Set  the   bitmask  of the directory permissions that are not present. The value is
              given in octal. The default value is 0 which means full access to everybody.

       usermapping=file-name
              Use  file  file-name  as  the  user   mapping   file   instead   of   the   default
              .NTFS-3G/UserMapping. If file-name defines a full path, the file must be located on
              a partition previously mounted. If it defines a relative path,  it  is  interpreted
              relative to the root of NTFS partition being mounted.

              When a user mapping file is defined, the options uid=, gid=, umask=, fmask=, dmask=
              and silent are ignored.

       permissions
              Set standard permissions on created files and use standard  access  control.   This
              option is set by default when a user mapping file is present.

       acl    Enable  setting  Posix ACLs on created files and use them for access control.  This
              option is only available on specific builds. It is  set  by  default  when  a  user
              mapping file is present and the permissions mount option is not set.

       inherit
              When  creating  a  new  file,  set its initial protections according to inheritance
              rules defined in parent directory. These rules deviate from  Posix  specifications,
              but  yield  a  better Windows compatibility. The permissions option or a valid user
              mapping file is required for this option to be effective.

       ro     Mount filesystem read-only. Useful if Windows is hibernated  or  the  NTFS  journal
              file is unclean.

       locale=value
              This  option can be useful when wanting a language specific locale environment.  It
              is however discouraged as it leads to files with untranslatable  chars  to  not  be
              visible.

       force  This  option  is  obsolete.  It  has  been  superseded by the recover and norecover
              options.

       recover
              Recover and try to mount a partition which was not unmounted properly  by  Windows.
              The Windows logfile is cleared, which may cause inconsistencies.  Currently this is
              the default option.

       norecover
              Do not try to mount a partition which was not unmounted properly by Windows.

       ignore_case (only with lowntfs-3g)
              Ignore character case when accessing a file (FOO, Foo, foo, etc. designate the same
              file). All files are displayed with lower case in directory listings.

       remove_hiberfile
              When  the  NTFS  volume is hibernated, a read-write mount is denied and a read-only
              mount is forced. One needs either to resume Windows and shutdown  it  properly,  or
              use  this  option which will remove the Windows hibernation file. Please note, this
              means that the saved Windows session will be completely lost. Use this option under
              your own responsibility.

       atime, noatime, relatime
              The atime option updates inode access time for each access.

              The  noatime  option  disables  inode  access  time updates which can speed up file
              operations and prevent sleeping (notebook) disks spinning up too often thus  saving
              energy and disk lifetime.

              The  relatime  option  is  very  similar to noatime.  It updates inode access times
              relative to modify or change time.  The access time is only updated if the previous
              access time was earlier than the current modify or change time. Unlike noatime this
              option doesn't break applications that need to know if a file has been  read  since
              the last time it was modified.  This is the default behaviour.

       delay_mtime[= value]
              Only  update  the file modification time and the file change time of a file when it
              is closed or when the indicated delay since the previous update  has  elapsed.  The
              argument is a number of seconds, with a default value of 60.  This is mainly useful
              for big files which are kept open for a long time and written to  without  changing
              their size, such as databases or file system images mounted as loop.

       show_sys_files
              Show  the  metafiles  in  directory listings. Otherwise the default behaviour is to
              hide the metafiles, which are special files  used  to  store  the  NTFS  structure.
              Please  note that even when this option is specified, "$MFT" may not be visible due
              to a glibc bug.  Furthermore,  irrespectively  of  show_sys_files,  all  files  are
              accessible by name, for example you can always do "ls -l '$UpCase'".

       hide_hid_files
              Hide  the  hidden files and directories in directory listings, the hidden files and
              directories being the ones whose NTFS attribute have  the  hidden  flag  set.   The
              hidden  files  will not be selected when using wildcards in commands, but all files
              and directories remain accessible by full name, for example you can always  display
              the Windows trash bin directory by : "ls -ld '$RECYCLE.BIN'".

       hide_dot_files
              Set  the  hidden flag in the NTFS attribute for created files and directories whose
              first character of the name is a dot. Such files and directories  normally  do  not
              appear  in  directory  listings,  and  when  the  flag is set they do not appear in
              Windows directory displays either.  When a file is renamed or  linked  with  a  new
              name, the hidden flag is adjusted to the latest name.

       windows_names
              This  option prevents files, directories and extended attributes to be created with
              a name not allowed by windows, because

                     - it contains some not allowed character,
                     - or the last character is a space or a dot,
                     - or the name is reserved.

              The forbidden characters are the nine characters " * / : < > ? \ | and those  whose
              code  is less than 0x20, and the reserved names are CON, PRN, AUX, NUL, COM1..COM9,
              LPT1..LPT9, with no suffix or followed by a dot.

              Existing such files can still be read (and renamed).

       allow_other
              This option overrides the security measure restricting  file  access  to  the  user
              mounting  the filesystem. This option is only allowed to root, but this restriction
              can be overridden by the 'user_allow_other' option in the /etc/fuse.conf file.

       max_read=value
              With this option the maximum size of read operations can be set.   The  default  is
              infinite.  Note that the size of read requests is limited anyway to 32 pages (which
              is 128kbyte on i386).

       silent Do nothing, without returning any error, on  chmod  and  chown  operations  and  on
              permission  checking  errors,  when  the  permissions option is not set and no user
              mapping file is defined. This option is on by default, and when  set  off  (through
              option no_def_opts) ownership and permissions parameters have to be set.

       no_def_opts
              By  default  ntfs-3g acts as if "silent" (ignore permission errors when permissions
              are not enabled), "allow_other" (allow any user to  access  files)  and  "nonempty"
              (allow mounting on non-empty directories) were set, and "no_def_opts" cancels these
              default options.

       streams_interface=value
              This option controls how the user can access Alternate Data  Streams  (ADS)  or  in
              other  words,  named data streams. It can be set to, one of none, windows or xattr.
              If the option is set to none, the user will  have  no  access  to  the  named  data
              streams.  If it is set to windows (not possible with lowntfs-3g), then the user can
              access them just like in Windows (eg. cat file:stream). If it's set to xattr,  then
              the  named  data  streams  are  mapped to xattrs and user can manipulate them using
              {get,set}fattr utilities. The default is xattr.

       user_xattr
              Same as streams_interface=xattr.

       efs_raw
              This option should only be used in backup or restore  situation.   It  changes  the
              apparent  size  of  files  and  the  behavior  of  read and write operation so that
              encrypted  files  can  be  saved  and  restored  without   being   decrypted.   The
              user.ntfs.efsinfo extended attribute has also to be saved and restored for the file
              to be decrypted.

       compression
              This option enables creating new  transparently  compressed  files  in  directories
              marked for compression. A directory is marked for compression by setting the bit 11
              (value 0x00000800) in its Windows attribute. In such a  directory,  new  files  are
              created  compressed  and  new subdirectories are themselves marked for compression.
              The option and the flag have no effect on existing files.  Currently  this  is  the
              default option.

       nocompression
              This  option  disables  creating  new transparently compressed files in directories
              marked for compression. Existing compressed files can still be read and updated.

       big_writes
              This option prevents fuse from splitting write buffers into 4K chunks, enabling big
              write  buffers  to be transferred from the application in a single step (up to some
              system limit, generally 128K bytes).

       debug  Makes ntfs-3g to print a lot of debug output from libntfs-3g and FUSE.

       no_detach
              Makes ntfs-3g to not detach from terminal and print some debug output.

USER MAPPING

       NTFS uses specific ids to record the ownership of files instead of the uid and gid used by
       Linux.  As  a consequence a mapping between the ids has to be defined for ownerships to be
       recorded into NTFS and recognized.

       By default, this mapping is fetched from the file .NTFS-3G/UserMapping located in the NTFS
       partition. The option usermapping= may be used to define another location. When the option
       permissions is set and no mapping file is found, a default mapping is used.

       Each line in the user mapping file defines a mapping. It  is  organized  in  three  fields
       separated  by  colons. The first field identifies a uid, the second field identifies a gid
       and the third one identifies the corresponding NTFS id, known as a SID. The  uid  and  the
       gid are optional and defining both of them for the same SID is not recommended.

       If  no interoperation with Windows is needed, you can use the option permissions to define
       a standard mapping. Alternately, you may define your  own  mapping  by  setting  a  single
       default  mapping with no uid and gid. In both cases, files created on Linux will appear to
       Windows as owned by a foreign user, and files created on Windows will appear to  Linux  as
       owned  by  root. Just copy the example below and replace the 9 and 10-digit numbers by any
       number not greater than 4294967295. The resulting behavior is the same as the one with the
       option permission set with no ownership option and no user mapping file available.

              ::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-10000

       If  a strong interoperation with Windows is needed, the mapping has to be defined for each
       user and group known in both system, and the SIDs used by Windows  has  to  be  collected.
       This will lead to a user mapping file like :

              john::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-1008
              mary::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-1009
              :smith:S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-513
              ::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-10000

       The utility ntfsusermap may be used to create such a user mapping file.

EXAMPLES

       Mount /dev/sda1 to /mnt/windows:

              ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows
       or
              mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows

       Mount the ntfs data partition /dev/sda3  to  /mnt/data  with  standard  Linux  permissions
       applied :

              ntfs-3g -o permissions /dev/sda3 /mnt/data
       or
              mount -t ntfs-3g -o permissions /dev/sda3 /mnt/data

       Read-only mount /dev/sda5 to /home/user/mnt and make user with uid 1000 to be the owner of
       all files:

              ntfs-3g /dev/sda5 /home/user/mnt -o ro,uid=1000

       /etc/fstab entry for the above (the sixth and last field has to be zero to  avoid  a  file
       system check at boot time) :

              /dev/sda5 /home/user/mnt ntfs-3g ro,uid=1000 0 0

       Unmount /mnt/windows:

              umount /mnt/windows

EXIT CODES

       To  facilitate  the use of the ntfs-3g driver in scripts, an exit code is returned to give
       an indication of the mountability status of a volume. Value 0 means success, and all other
       ones  mean  an error. The unique error codes are documented in the ntfs-3g.probe(8) manual
       page.

KNOWN ISSUES

       Please see

              http://www.tuxera.com/support/

       for common questions and known issues.  If you would find a new one in the latest  release
       of  the  software  then  please send an email describing it in detail. You can contact the
       development team on the ntfs-3g-devel@lists.sf.net address.

AUTHORS

       ntfs-3g was based on and a major improvement to ntfsmount and libntfs which  were  written
       by Yura Pakhuchiy and the Linux-NTFS team. The improvements were made, the ntfs-3g project
       was initiated and currently led by long time Linux-NTFS team developer Szabolcs Szakacsits
       (szaka@tuxera.com).

THANKS

       Several  people  made  heroic  efforts,  often  over five or more years which resulted the
       ntfs-3g driver. Most importantly they are Anton Altaparmakov, Jean-Pierre  André,  Richard
       Russon,  Szabolcs  Szakacsits,  Yura  Pakhuchiy,  Yuval  Fledel,  and  the  author  of the
       groundbreaking FUSE filesystem development framework, Miklos Szeredi.

SEE ALSO

       ntfs-3g.probe(8), ntfsprogs(8), attr(5), getfattr(1)