Provided by: pari-gp_2.9.4-1_amd64 
NAME
gp - The PARI calculator
SYNOPSIS
gp [-s stacksize] [-p primelimit] [--emacs] [-f|--fast] [-q|--quiet] [-D|--default
key=val] [--help] [--test] [--texmacs] [--version] [--version-short] [ file1 file2 ...]
DESCRIPTION
Invokes the PARI-GP calculator gp; gp is an advanced programmable calculator, specializing
in number theory, which computes symbolically as long as possible, numerically where
needed, and contains a wealth of arithmetic functions: factorizations, elliptic curves,
Galois theory, class field theory... Commands, written in the GP scripting language, are
input interactively or loaded from files.
If present at the end of the command line, files 'file1', 'file2', ... are loaded on
startup; they must be written in the GP language.
OPTIONS
Command line options are available in both short form (-f) and POSIX-like (--fast).
Numeric arguments can be followed by a modifier k , M or G at the user's convenience; in
that case the argument is multiplied by 10^3, 10^6, or 10^9 respectively.
-f, --fast
Fast start (or factory settings). Do not read .gprc (see below) upon startup.
-p limit
[DEPRECATED] Upon startup, gp computes a table of small primes used in number-
theoretic applications. If primelimit is set, the table include primes up to that
bound instead of the default (= 500000). It is now mostly useless to change this
value.
-q, --quiet
Quiet mode. Do not print headers or history numbers and do not say goodbye.
-D, --default key=val
performs default(key, val); on startup, overriding values from the gprc preferences
file. 'val' must be a constant value and is not allowed to involve any computation
(e.g. 1+1 is forbidden). Any number of such default-setting statements may appear
on the command line.
-s limit
Size of gp internal stack allocated on startup. When gp runs out of space, it
interrupts the current computation and raises a stack overflow exception. If this
occurs frequently, start with a bigger stack. The stack size can also be increased
from within gp, using default(parisize,limit); it may be convenient to set
stacksize from your .gprc. Note that computations with a smaller stack may be more
efficient due to better data locality. Most computations should need less than
20MB.
--emacs
gp can be run in an Emacs shell (see GP User's manual for details). This flag is
then required for smooth interaction with the PariEmacs package (pari.el). It is
set automatically by the pari.el package, and will produce nice display oddities if
you set it outside of an Emacs session.
--help print a summary of available command-line options.
--test run gp in test mode: suppress printing of history numbers and wrap long output
lines (to get readable diff output). For benches only.
--texmacs
gp can be run from a TeXmacs frontend. This flag is set by TeXmacs, to enable
special purpose communication channels. Do not set it yourself.
--version
output version info (banner) then exit.
--version-short
output version number then exit.
USE
? to get online help.
?? to get extended online help (more precisely, to call the external help program,
gphelp by default)
quit (or \q), or EOF (Ctrl-D) to quit gp.
The following works only when gp was linked with GNU readline library:
arrow keys
for editing and viewing the input history.
TAB
for automatic completion
MANUALS
The following material is included in the standard distribution (originally in TeX
format):
The User's Guide to PARI/GP
(users.dvi)
The User's Guide to the PARI library
(library.dvi)
The Developer's Guide to the PARI library
(develop.dvi)
PARI/GP, a tutorial
(tutorial.dvi)
PARI/GP reference card
(refcard.ps): 4 pages, based on an earlier version by Joseph H. Silverman.
FILES
gp main executable
$HOME/.gprc
(or $GPRC if set) user preference file, read at beginning of execution by each gp
shell. A default gprc gprc.dft is provided with the distribution. If this file
cannot be found, /etc/gprc is checked instead.
pari.log
default logfile (can be changed in the gprc file or interactively using default() )
pari.ps
default psfile used for postscript output (as above)
gphelp default external help program (as above)
*.gp GP programs
ENVIRONMENT
$GPRC place to look for the user's preference file (gprc); if the file does not exist, we
then check in $HOME/.gprc, /etc/gprc, and finally for a file named 'gprc' in PARI's
datadir.
$GP_DATA_DIR
directory containing data installed by optional PARI packages. For example, the
Galois resolvents files in directory galdata/ needed by the polgalois function, in
degrees 8 to 11; or the modular polynomials in seadata/ used by the ellap function
for large base fields. This environment variable overrides PARI's 'datadir',
defined at Configure time.
$GP_POSTSCRIPT_VIEWER
an application able to display PostScript files, used by the plotps graphic engine.
This engine is a fallback used to output hi-res plots even when no compatible
graphical library was available on your platform at Configure time. (Dumps the
graph to a temporary file, then open the file.)
$GPHELP
name of the external help program invoked by ?? and ??? shortcuts.
$GPTMPDIR
name of the directory where temporary files will be generated.
HOME PAGE
PARI's home page resides at
http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/
MAILING LISTS
There are a number of mailing lists devoted to the PARI/GP package, and most feedback
should be directed to those. See
http://pari.math.u-bordeaux1.fr/lists-index.html
for details. The most important ones are:
- pari-announce (moderated): for us to announce major version changes.
- pari-dev: for everything related to the development of PARI, including suggestions,
technical questions, bug reports or patch submissions.
- pari-users: for discuss about everything else, in particular ask for help.
To subscribe, send empty messages with a Subject: containing the word "subscribe"
respectively to
pari-announce-request@pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr
pari-users-request@pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr
pari-dev-request@pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr
BUG REPORTS
Bugs should be submitted online to our Bug Tracking System, available from PARI's home
page, or directly from the URL
http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/Bugs/
Further instructions can be found on that page.
TRIVIA
Despite the leading G, GP has nothing to do with GNU. The first version was originally
called GPC, for Great Programmable Calculator. For some reason, the trailing C was
eventually dropped.
PARI has nothing to do with the French capital. The name is a pun about the project's
early stages when the authors started to implement a library for "Pascal ARIthmetic" in
the PASCAL programming language. They quickly switched to C.
For the benefit of non-native French speakers, here's a slightly expanded explanation:
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a famous French mathematician and philosopher who was one of
the founders of probability and devised one of the first "arithmetic machines". He once
proposed the following "proof" of the existence of God for the unbelievers: whether He
exists or not I lose nothing by believing in Him, whereas if He does and I misbehave...
This is the so-called "pari de Pascal" (Pascal's Wager).
Note that PARI also means "fairy" in Persian.
AUTHORS
PARI was originally written by Christian Batut, Dominique Bernardi, Henri Cohen, and
Michel Olivier in Laboratoire A2X (Universite Bordeaux I, France), and was maintained by
Henri Cohen up to version 1.39.15 (1995), and by Karim Belabas since then.
A great number of people have contributed to the successive improvements which eventually
resulted in the present version. See the AUTHORS file in the distribution.
SEE ALSO
gap(1), gphelp(1), perl(1), readline(3), sage(1), tex(1), texmacs(1),
COPYING
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program;
if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA.
25 September 2013 GP(1)