Provided by: kernel-package_13.018+nmu1_all bug

NAME

       make-kpkg - build Debian kernel packages from Linux kernel sources

SYNOPSIS

       make-kpkg [options] [target [target ...]]

DESCRIPTION

       This manual page explains the Debian make-kpkg utility, which is used to create the kernel
       related Debian packages. This utility needs to be run from a top level Linux kernel source
       directory,  which  has  been  previously  configured  (unless  you are using the configure
       target). Normally, if  kernel-package  does  not  find  a  .config  file  in  the  current
       directory,  it  tries  very  hard to get an appropriate one (usually a config file already
       tailored for Debian kernels for that architecture), and then calls make oldconfig  to  let
       the  user  answer  any new questions. However, this might still result in an inappropriate
       configuration, you are encouraged to configure  the  kernel  by  the  usual  means  before
       invoking make-kpkg.

       Typically, make-kpkg should be run under fakeroot,

            make-kpkg --rootcmd fakeroot kernel_image

       but  instead you run this command as root (this is not recommended), or under fakeroot, or
       tell make-kpkg how to become root (not recommended either, fakeroot is perhaps the  safest
       option), like so:

            make-kpkg --rootcmd sudo kernel_image

       The  Debian package file is created in the parent directory of the kernel source directory
       where this command is run.

       Also, please note that some versions of gcc do not interact well with the  kernel  source.
       You  may  control  which version of gcc used in kernel compilation by setting the Makefile
       variables CC and HOSTCC in the top level kernel  Makefile.  You  can  do  this  simply  by
       setting the environment variable MAKEFLAGS.  To observe, try:

         % KBUILD_VERBOSE=1 MAKEFLAGS="CC=gcc-4.4" make-kpkg configure

       Please  note that the kernel Makefile might pay attention to other variables (for instance
       KCFLAGS ). This can be addressed like so:

         % KBUILD_VERBOSE=1 MAKEFLAGS='CC=gcc-4.4 KCFLAGS="-march=athlon64"' make-kpkg configure

       The KBUILD_VERBOSE shows the details of the commands being run.  (please see the top level
       kernel Makefile for variables that can be set).

       WARNING:  Do  NOT  set  the -j option in MAKEFLAGS directly, this shall cause the build to
       fail. Use CONCURRENCY_LEVEL as specified below. There is also a -j flag that can be used.

OPTIONS

       --help Print out a usage message.

       --revision number
              Changes the version number for the packages produced to the argument number.   This
              has  certain  constraints:  the  version  must  start with a digit. the version may
              contain only alphanumerics and the characters ~ + . (tilde, full stop and plus) and
              must  contain a digit. (Look at the Policy manual for details). Optionally, you may
              prepend the revision with  a  digit  followed  by  a  colon  (:).  The  default  is
              10.00.Custom  unless  the environment variable DEBIAN_REVISION_MANDATORY is set, in
              which case an error is generated if the revision is not set on the command line  or
              the  configuration  file.   Hint:  You  may  set  it  to  $(version)-<foo>  in  the
              configuration file to get the upstream version  number  prepended  to  your  custom
              string <foo>.

       --append-to-version foo

       --append_to_version foo
              This  argument (foo) is appended to the value of the  EXTRAVERSION variable present
              in the kernel Makefile. Since EXTRAVERSION is a component of the kernel version, it
              is  also  added  to  the  Debian  package  name,  and, as such must obey the policy
              governing the package name. That means it may contain only lowercase  alphanumerics
              and  the characters ~ - + . (tilde, full stop, hyphen, and plus). Uppercase letters
              are not permitted under the Policy for a new package.  If the environment  variable
              IGNORE_UPPERCASE_VERSION  is set, make-kpkg shall lower case version numbers set in
              the Makefile or in the localversion file.  This option  overrides  the  environment
              variable APPEND_TO_VERSION.

       --added-modules foo

       --added_modules foo
              The  argument should be a comma separated list of additional add-on modules (not in
              the main kernel tree) that you wish to  build  when  you  invoke  the  modules_blah
              targets.  You  may  give full path names of the directory the modules reside in, or
              just the module  name  if  it  can  be  found  in  MODULE_LOC,  which  defaults  to
              /usr/src/modules.  The default is that all modules in MODULE_LOC, are compiled when
              the modules_blah targets are invoked.

       --arch foo
              This is useful for setting the architecture when you are cross  compiling.  If  you
              are  not  cross  compiling,  the architecture is determined automatically. The same
              effect can be achieved by setting the environment variable  KPKG_ARCH.   The  value
              should  be whatever DEB_HOST_ARCH_CPU contains when dpkg-architecture is run on the
              target machine, or it can  be  another  architecture  in  a  multi-arch  set  (like
              i386/amd64).

       --cross-compile foo

       --cross_compile foo
              This  is useful for setting the target string when you are cross compiling. Use the
              dummy target "-" if you are building for other arches  of  a  multiarch  set,  like
              i386/amd64.  The  same  effect can be achieved by setting the environment variable.
              Please note that this does not in any way set the compiler the kernel build process
              shall  use; if the default compiler that the build process comes up with is not the
              one  desired,  please  explicitly  specify  the  compiler  that  should  be   used.
              CROSS_COMPILE

       --subarch foo
              Some  architectures  (the  Alpha, and the m68k) require a different kernel for each
              sub-architecture. This option provides a way of specifying it  as  an  argument  to
              make-kpkg.  Please  note  that  additional  support  for  sub-architectures  may be
              required in the kernel sources to actually make this do anything. The  same  effect
              can be achieved by setting the environment variable KPKG_SUBARCH.

       --arch-in-name

       --arch_in_name
              This  option  uses  an  extended name for the kernel image package by embedding the
              sub-architecture in the image name, so one could write a script to create  multiple
              sub-architectures  one  after  the  other.  You  may  also  do  this by setting the
              environment variable ARCH_IN_NAME.  Please note  that  only  the  package  name  is
              affected, not modules locations etc.

       --pgpsign name
              Set  the  string  used  to  sign  the  changes  file  for  any  external modules in
              /usr/src/modules/ using PGP. This option will override the builtin default and  the
              site   wide   customizations   stored   in   the   file   /etc/kernel-pkg.conf   or
              ~/.kernel-pkg.conf.

       --config target
              Change the type of configure done from the default oldconfig.  target must  be  one
              of oldconfig, config, menuconfig, gconfig, nconfig, xconfig, randconfig, defconfig,
              allmodconfig, allyesconfig, allnoconfig,  old, menu, g, or x.

              Note however that make-kpkg scans the config file at start  up  for  some  options,
              notably the fact that modules are enabled or not, so toggling the status during the
              delayed configuration results in an error. If needed, create the configuration file
              as close to the desired one before calling make-kpkg with this switch.

       --targets
              Prints out a list of known targets. See the Section Targets below.

       --noexec
              Pass  a  -n  option  to the make process so that commands are merely printed to the
              screen but not actually executed. This is very useful for debugging.

       --verbose
              This calls make with the -V=1 option, which calls out the top level Make  commands,
              also useful in seeing what is happening.

       --initrd
              If  make-kpkg  is  generating a kernel-image package, arrange to convey to the hook
              scripts run from the post installation maintainer scripts that this image  requires
              an  initrd,  and  that  the initrd generation hook scripts should not short circuit
              early. Without this option, the example initramfs  hook  scripts  bundled  in  with
              kernel-package  will  take  no  action  on  installation.   The  same effect can be
              achieved by setting the environment variable INITRD to any non empty value.  Please
              note  that  unless  there  are  hook  scripts in /etc/kernel or added into the hook
              script parameter of /etc/kernel-img.conf, no initrd will be created (the bundled in
              example  scripts  are  just  examples  --  user  action is required before anything
              happens).  On most systems, however initramfs-tools installs scripts (since version
              0.94  (and  they have respected the INITRD variable since 0.98)).  dracut also does
              this.

       --jobs number

       -j number
              Set the environment variable CONCURRENCY_LEVEL to number.

       --overlay-dir /path/to/directory
              The specified directory should contain files that will be placed  in  the  ./debian
              directory  of  the  kernel sources, in preparation to building the debian packages.
              The files will replace anything in /usr/share/kernel-package that would normally be
              placed  there,  and it is up to the user to make sure that the files in the overlay
              directory are compatible with make-kpkg.  If you break make-kpkg  with  an  overlay
              file,  you  get  to keep the pieces. The same effect can be achieved by setting the
              environment variable KPKG_OVERLAY_DIR.

              Please note that overlay-dir/Control and  overlay-dir/changelog  are  special,  and
              variable      substitution     is     performed     on     these     files.     Use
              /usr/share/kernel-package/Control and /usr/share/kernel-package/changelog files  as
              templates.

              If a overlay-dir/post-install executable (or executable script) exists, it shall be
              run immediately after ./debian is populated. The script shall be  executed  in  the
              ./debian  directory.  This can be used, for instance, to delete files the user does
              not want, or to take actions other than simple replacement.

       --rootcmd foo
              The command that provides a means of gaining super user access (for example, `sudo'
              or  `fakeroot')  as  needed  by dpkg-buildpackage's -r option. This option does not
              work for three of the targets, namely, binary, binary-indep, and binary-arch.   For
              those targets the entire make-kpkg command must be run as (fake)root.

       --stem foo
              Call  the  packages foo-* instead of kernel-*. This is useful in helping transition
              from calling  the  packages  kernel-*  to  linux-*  packages,  in  preparation  for
              non-linux  kernels in the distribution. The default is linux. The stem, since it is
              the initial part of a package name must consist only of lower case letters (`a-z'),
              digits (`0-9'), plus (`+') and minus (`-') signs, and periods (`.').  It must be at
              least two characters long and must start with an alphanumeric character.

       --us   This option is passed to dpkg-buildpackage, and directs that package  not  to  sign
              the source. This is only relevant for the buildpackage target.

       --uc   This  option  is  passed to dpkg-buildpackage, and directs that package not to sign
              the changelog. This is only relevant for the buildpackage target.

       The options maybe shortened to the smallest unique string, and may be entered with  either
       a  - or a -- prefix, and you may use a space or an = symbol between an option string and a
       value. You may also use the form option=value; for details these and other  variant  forms
       supported, please read Getopt::Long(3perl).

       CONCURRENCY_LEVEL
              If  defined,  this  environment variable sets the concurrency level of make used to
              compile the kernel and the modules set using -j flags to the sub make in the  build
              target of make-kpkg.  Should be a (small) integer, if used. You can get the current
              number of CPUs using the command:

                   grep -c '^processor' /proc/cpuinfo

              WARNING: Do NOT set the -j option in MAKEFLAGS directly, this shall call the  build
              to fail. It is possible to set -j as a make-kpkg argument.

TARGETS

       clean  Cleans the kernel source directory of all files created by target build, and runs a
              make distclean. (Please look at a Linux kernel Makefile for details).  Please  note
              that although we take care of the list of current kernel configuration contained in
              the file .config, the file include/linux/autoconf.h is not preserved.  This  target
              should not be combined with other targets, since make-kpkg reads in all data before
              running any target, so the subsequent targets shall be run with the old data, which
              may  not  be what you want. Please note that by default the clean target is not run
              as root, whic works fine of the command fakeroot was used. However,  if  previously
              the build was done using sudo, you need to run make-kpkgclean also under sudo.

       buildpackage
              This  target  runs the targets clean, and binary, and produces the complete package
              using dpkg-buildpackage.

       binary This target produces all  four  Debian  kernel  packages  by  running  the  targets
              binary-indep  and  binary-arch.  However, this requires make-kpkg to be run as root
              (or fakeroot), since --rootcmd will not work.

       binary-indep
              This  target  produces  the  arch  independent  packages  by  running  the  targets
              kernel_source, kernel_manual and kernel_doc.  However, this also requires make-kpkg
              to be run as root (or fakeroot), since --rootcmd will not work.

       binary-arch
              This  target  produces  the  arch  dependent  packages  by  running   the   targets
              kernel_headers  and  kernel_image.  However, this also requires make-kpkg to be run
              as root (or fakeroot), since --rootcmd will not work.

       kernel_source
              This target produces a debianised package of the  Linux  kernel  sources.   If  the
              environment   variable   SOURCE_CLEAN_HOOK  points  to  an  executable,  then  that
              executable shall be run from the temporary (top) directory of  the  kernel  sources
              just  before  packaging  it,  ./debian/tmp-source/usr/src/kernel-source-X.X.XX,  so
              people may take any action they see fit (remove arch trees, prune  version  control
              directories,  find  . -type d -name CVS -prune -exec rm -rf {} ; etc.). This has no
              effect on anything other than the kernel sources that are being packaged -- if  the
              script operates on the current directory and its children, the original source tree
              should   remain   intact.   The   environment   variables   HEADER_CLEAN_HOOK   and
              DOC_CLEAN_HOOK  are similar. They should point to executables, then that executable
              shall be run  from  the  temporary  (top)  directory  of  the  kernel  headers  and
              documentation  just  before  packaging  respectively, so people may take any action
              they see fit. This also has no effect on anything other than the sources  that  are
              being packaged.

       kernel_debug
              This  target  produces  a  Debian  package containing the debugging symbols for the
              modules contained in the corresponding image package. The basic  idea  here  is  to
              keep  the space in /lib/modules/<kver> under control, since this could be on a root
              partition with space restrictions. Please note that if module signatures are enable
              in  the  kernel configuration the corresponding image package will not have modules
              with the debugging link pointing to these debugging symbol files. In order to  turn
              on  debugging  links  for  modules in the image package you need to turn off module
              signatures.

       kernel_headers
              This target produces a Debian package containing the header files included  in  the
              Linux kernel.

       kernel_manual
              This  target  produces  a  Debian  package  containing  the  section 9 manual pages
              included in the Linux kernel. Please note that this is not  really  an  independent
              target;  calling  this  shall  also  invoke  the  kernel_doc  target, and creates a
              kernel-doc package at the same time.

       kernel_doc
              This target produces a Debian package containing the documentation included in  the
              Linux kernel. This can be called independently of the kernel_manual target, but not
              the other way around.

       kernel_image
              This target produces a Debian package of the Linux kernel  source  image,  and  any
              modules  configured  in  the  kernel  configuration  file  .config.  If there is no
              .config file in the kernel source directory, a default  configuration  is  provided
              similar  to  the  one  used  to  create  the  Debian  boot-floppies.  If the kernel
              configuration file has enabled support for modules, modules  will  be  created  and
              installed.  If module signatures are not enabled, the resulting modules will have a
              link to the location  of  the  debugging  symbols  file  for  the  module,  usually
              installed by the debug package.

              If  the  file  ./debian/post-install  exists,  and is an executable, it is run just
              before the kernel image package is created.  Also, please note that  if  there  are
              any  scripts  in  ./debian/image.d/  directory,  run-parts  shall be called on that
              directory just before the kernel image package is built. The location of  the  root
              of  the  image  package  being  built  shall  be passed in the environment variable
              IMAGE_TOP, and the kernel version is passed in  through  the  environment  variable
              version for all these scripts.

              Please  see  the  documentation about hooks in kernel-img.conf(5).  These hooks are
              variables that can be pointed by the local sysadmin to scripts that add or remove a
              line  from  the  grub  menu list at kernel image install and remove times. A sample
              script  to  add  lines  to  a  grub  menu  file  is  included  in   the   directory
              /usr/share/doc/kernel-package/.

              Apart  from  hook  variables  that  the  local  admin  may  set, there are a set of
              directories where packages, or the local admin,  may  drop  in  script  files.  The
              directories        are       /etc/kernel/preinst.d/,       /etc/kernel/postinst.d/,
              /etc/kernel/prerm.d/,   /etc/kernel/postrm.d/,    /etc/kernel/preinst.d/<VERSION>/,
              /etc/kernel/postinst.d/<VERSION>/,        /etc/kernel/prerm.d/<VERSION>/,       and
              /etc/kernel/postrm.d/<VERSION>/.  If they exists, the  kernel-image  package  shall
              run  a  run-parts  program over the directory (including the versioned one), giving
              the version being installed or removed as an argument, in the  corresponding  phase
              of  installation  or  removal.  Before calling these scripts, the env variable STEM
              shall be set to the value of the --stem argument (or the default value, linux), and
              the   variable   KERNEL_PACKAGE_VERSION   shall  be  set  to  the  version  of  the
              kernel-package that created the package. These scripts shall  be  called  with  two
              arguments, the first being the version of the kernel image, and the second argument
              being the location of the kernel image itself. Since debconf is in use  before  the
              script  is  called,  this  script  should issue no diagnostic messages to stdout --
              while the postinst does call db_stop, debconf does not restore stdout, so  messages
              to stdout disappear.

              On  installation,  it also offers to run the Linux loader, LILO (or alternates like
              loadlin, SILO, QUIK, VMELILO, ZIPL, yaboot, PALO or GRUB), creating a configuration
              file  for  supported boot loaders if needed. At that time it also offers to put the
              new kernel on a floppy, formatting the floppy if needed.  On deletion, the  package
              checks  the  version of the kernel running, and refuses to delete a running kernel.
              grub rates a special mention here, since grub  may  not  need  to  be  rerun  after
              installing  a  kernel  image,  though an automated change to the menu list would be
              nice on install and removal of kernel image packages.

       build  This target, used by target kernel_image above, compiles the Linux kernel image.

       modules
              This target allows you to build all add-on  modules  and  packages  that  are  very
              dependent  on the precise kernel version they are compiled for at the same time you
              build your kernel image.  This target expects to find the modules or packages under
              /usr/src/modules,   and,   for   all  such  directories,  changes  to  MODULE_LOC/x
              (MODULE_LOC defaults to /usr/src/modules), and runs the kdist  rule  in  the  local
              debian.rules  file. This target should create the Debian module package(s), and may
              also produce a compressed tar file,  and  a  compressed  diff  file,  with  md5sums
              recorded  in  a changes file using dpkg-genchanges.  The file is signed by the same
              identity that would be used to sign the kernel packages. This  option  is  used  by
              maintainers uploading the package to the Debian archives.

       modules_config
              This  target  allows you to configure all packages under MODULE_LOC, which defaults
              to /usr/src/modules.  This is useful if you need to manually modify some aspects of
              the  configuration,  or  if  you want to manually compile the add on modules.  This
              should not be called unless you already have a ./debian directory.

       modules_image
              This target allows you to build all packages under MODULE_LOC,  which  defaults  to
              /usr/src/modules, but does not create the source or diff files, and does not create
              and sign a changes file. This is the only modules related option you  need  if  you
              just want to compile the add on modules image files for installation on one or more
              machines. Generally called in conjunction with  kernel_image,  especially  if  also
              using  the  option append_to_version (prevents spurious warnings).  This should not
              be called unless you already have a ./debian directory.

       modules_clean
              This target allows you to clean all packages under MODULE_LOC,  which  defaults  to
              /usr/src/modules,  and  this should be all that is needed to undo the effect of any
              of the other modules_ targets.  This should not be called unless you already have a
              ./debian directory.

       configure
              This target runs configure (actually, config_target, set by --config which defaults
              to oldconfig) early, so you may edit files generated by make config in  the  kernel
              source directory and not have them stomped by make-kpkg later.

       debian This target creates the ./debian directory, and optionally patches the source. This
              target is called by the configure target. You may  use  this  target  to  have  the
              sources  patched,  and  then  manually  run  the  configuration  step to update the
              configuration file, with  any  new  configuration  options  the  patches  may  have
              introduced.

       libc-kheaders
              This  is a special target for the libc-dev maintainer, who can use it to create the
              headers package that libc needs. Please note that  it  is  dangerous  to  create  a
              libc-kheaders package that is different from the headers libc was compiled with; it
              is     known     to     subtly     break     systems.      Please      look      at
              /usr/share/kernel-package/README.headers  for  details.   Creating and installing a
              self created libc-kheaders package may break your system unless you know  what  you
              are doing. You have been warned.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       KPKG_DEBUG,  if  set,  causes  make-kpkg  to  spit out debugging messages about some shell
       functions executed internally. This is probably of not interest to  anyone  not  debugging
       make-kpkg.    The   following   variables   (documented   above)  also  affect  make-kpkg:
       DEBIAN_REVISION_MANDATORY,  APPEND_TO_VERSION,  VERSION_H_OK,  KPKG_ARCH,   CROSS_COMPILE,
       KPKG_SUBARCH,   KPKG_OVERLAY_DIR,  ARCH_IN_NAME,  INITRD,  SOURCE_CLEAN_HOOK,  MODULE_LOC,
       CONCURRENCY_LEVEL and IGNORE_UPPERCASE_VERSION.

FILES

       Apart from the runtime options, the debian.rules file run by make-kpkg also  looks  for  a
       per  user  configuration  file  ~/.kernel-pkg.conf.   Failing that, it looks for site-wide
       defaults in the file /etc/kernel-pkg.conf.  The default configuration allows there to be a
       site  wide  override  for  the  full  name and email address of the person responsible for
       maintaining  the  kernel  packages  on  the  site,  but   the   /etc/kernel-pkg.conf   (or
       ~/.kernel-pkg.conf) file is actually a Makefile snippet, and any legal make directives may
       be included in there.  Note: Caution is urged with this file, since you can totally change
       the   way   that  the  make  is  run  by  suitably  editing  this  file.  Please  look  at
       /usr/share/doc/kernel-package/Problems.gz for a list of  known  problems  while  compiling
       kernel   images.   Extensive   tutorial   like   documentation   is   also   available  in
       /usr/share/doc/kernel-package/README.gz and it is recommended that one  read  that  before
       using this utility.

SEE ALSO

       dpkg-deb(1),    dpkg-source(1),    make(1),    Getopt::Long(3perl),    kernel-img.conf(5),
       kernel-pkg.conf(5),  The Programmers manual,  The GNU Make manual,   and   the   extensive
       documentation in the /usr/share/doc/kernel-package directory

AUTHOR

       This  manual  page  was  written by Manoj Srivastava <srivasta@debian.org>, for the Debian
       GNU/Linux system.