Provided by: libbio-perl-perl_1.7.2-2_all bug

NAME

       Bio::Matrix::PSM::SiteMatrix - SiteMatrixI implementation, holds a position scoring matrix
       (or position weight matrix) and log-odds

SYNOPSIS

         use Bio::Matrix::PSM::SiteMatrix;
         # Create from memory by supplying probability matrix hash
         # both as strings or arrays
         # where the frequencies  $a,$c,$g and $t are supplied either as
         # arrayref or string. Accordingly, lA, lC, lG and lT are the log
         # odds (only as arrays, no checks done right now)
         my ($a,$c,$g,$t,$score,$ic, $mid)=@_;
         #or
         my ($a,$c,$g,$t,$score,$ic,$mid)=('05a011','110550','400001',
                                           '100104',0.001,19.2,'CRE1');
         #Where a stands for all (this frequency=1), see explanation below
         my %param=(-pA=>$a,-pC=>$c,-pG=>$g,-pT=>$t,
                    -lA=>$la, -lC=>$lc,-lG=>$lg,-lT=>$l,
                    -IC=>$ic,-e_val=>$score, -id=>$mid);
         my $site=Bio::Matrix::PSM::SiteMatrix->new(%param);
         #Or get it from a file:
         use Bio::Matrix::PSM::IO;
         my $psmIO= Bio::Matrix::PSM::IO->new(-file=>$file, -format=>'transfac');
         while (my $psm=$psmIO->next_psm) {
           #Now we have a Bio::Matrix::PSM::Psm object,
           # see Bio::Matrix::PSM::PsmI for details
           #This is a Bio::Matrix::PSM::SiteMatrix object now
           my $matrix=$psm->matrix;
         }

         # Get a simple consensus, where alphabet is {A,C,G,T,N},
         # choosing the character that both satisfies a supplied or default threshold
         # frequency and is the most frequenct character at each position, or N.
         # So for the position with A, C, G, T frequencies of 0.5, 0.25, 0.10, 0.15,
         # the simple consensus character will be 'A', whilst for 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0 it
         # would be 'N'.
         my $consensus=$site->consensus;

         # Get the IUPAC ambiguity code representation of the data in the matrix.
         # Because the frequencies may have been pseudo-count corrected, insignificant
         # frequences (below 0.05 by default) are ignored. So a position with
         # A, C, G, T frequencies of 0.5, 0.5, 0.01, 0.01 will get the IUPAC code 'M',
         # while 0.97, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01 will get the code 'A' and
         # 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25 would get 'N'.
         my $iupac=$site->IUPAC;

         # Getting/using regular expression (a representation of the IUPAC string)
         my $regexp=$site->regexp;
         my $count=grep($regexp,$seq);
         my $count=($seq=~ s/$regexp/$1/eg);
         print "Motif $mid is present $count times in this sequence\n";

DESCRIPTION

       SiteMatrix is designed to provide some basic methods when working with position scoring
       (weight) matrices, such as transcription factor binding sites for example. A DNA PSM
       consists of four vectors with frequencies {A,C,G,T}. This is the minimum information you
       should provide to construct a PSM object. The vectors can be provided as strings with
       frequenciesx10 rounded to an int, going from {0..a} and 'a' represents the maximum (10).
       This is like MEME's compressed representation of a matrix and it is quite useful when
       working with relational DB. If arrays are provided as an input (references to arrays
       actually) they can be any number, real or integer (frequency or count).

       When creating the object you can ask the constructor to make a simple pseudo count
       correction by adding a number (typically 1) to all positions (with the -correction
       option). After adding the number the frequencies will be calculated. Only use correction
       when you supply counts, not frequencies.

       Throws an exception if: You mix as an input array and string (for example A matrix is
       given as array, C - as string). The position vector is (0,0,0,0). One of the probability
       vectors is shorter than the rest.

       Summary of the methods I use most frequently (details below):

         iupac - return IUPAC compliant consensus as a string
         score - Returns the score as a real number
         IC - information content. Returns a real number
         id - identifier. Returns a string
         accession - accession number. Returns a string
         next_pos - return the sequence probably for each letter, IUPAC
             symbol, IUPAC probability and simple sequence
         consenus letter for this position. Rewind at the end. Returns a hash.
         pos - current position get/set. Returns an integer.
         regexp - construct a regular expression based on IUPAC consensus.
             For example AGWV will be [Aa][Gg][AaTt][AaCcGg]
         width - site width
         get_string - gets the probability vector for a single base as a string.
         get_array - gets the probability vector for a single base as an array.
         get_logs_array - gets the log-odds vector for a single base as an array.

       New methods, which might be of interest to anyone who wants to store PSM in a relational
       database without creating an entry for each position is the ability to compress the PSM
       vector into a string with losing usually less than 1% of the data.  this can be done with:

         my $str=$matrix->get_compressed_freq('A');
       or
         my $str=$matrix->get_compressed_logs('A');

       Loading from a database should be done with new, but is not yest implemented.  However you
       can still uncompress such string with:

         my @arr=Bio::Matrix::PSM::_uncompress_string ($str,1,1); for PSM
       or
         my @arr=Bio::Matrix::PSM::_uncompress_string ($str,1000,2); for log odds

FEEDBACK

   Mailing Lists
       User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other Bioperl modules. Send
       your comments and suggestions preferably to one of the Bioperl mailing lists.  Your
       participation is much appreciated.

         bioperl-l@bioperl.org                  - General discussion
         http://bioperl.org/wiki/Mailing_lists  - About the mailing lists

   Support
       Please direct usage questions or support issues to the mailing list:

       bioperl-l@bioperl.org

       rather than to the module maintainer directly. Many experienced and reponsive experts will
       be able look at the problem and quickly address it. Please include a thorough description
       of the problem with code and data examples if at all possible.

   Reporting Bugs
       Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track the bugs and their
       resolution.  Bug reports can be submitted via the web:

         https://github.com/bioperl/bioperl-live/issues

AUTHOR - Stefan Kirov

       Email skirov@utk.edu

CONTRIBUTORS

       Sendu Bala, bix@sendu.me.uk

APPENDIX

       The rest of the documentation details each of the object methods.  Internal methods are
       usually preceded with a _

   new
        Title   : new
        Usage   : my $site=Bio::Matrix::PSM::SiteMatrix->new(-pA=>$a,-pC=>$c,
                                                            -pG=>$g,-pT=>$t,
                                                            -IC=>$ic,
                                                            -e_val=>$score,
                                                            -id=>$mid);
        Function: Creates a new Bio::Matrix::PSM::SiteMatrix object from memory
        Throws :  If inconsistent data for all vectors (A,C,G and T) is
                  provided, if you mix input types (string vs array) or if a
                  position freq is 0.
        Returns :  Bio::Matrix::PSM::SiteMatrix object
        Args    :  -pA    => vector with the frequencies or counts of A
                   -pC    => vector for C
                   -pG    => vector for G
                   -pt    => vector for T
                   -lA    => vector for the log of A
                   -lC    => vector for the log of C
                   -lG    => vector for the log of G
                   -lT    => vector for the log of T
                   -IC    => real number, the information content of this matrix
                   -e_val => real number, the expect value
                   -id    => string, an identifier
                   -width => int, width of the matrix in nucleotides
                   -sites => int, the number of sites that went into this matrix
                   -model => hash ref, background frequencies for A, C, G and T
                   -correction => number, the number to add to all positions to achieve
                                  pseudo count correction (default 0: no correction)
                                  NB: do not use correction when your input is
                                  frequences!
                   -accession_number => string, an accession number

                   Vectors can be strings of the frequencies where the frequencies are
                   multiplied by 10 and rounded to the nearest whole number, and where
                   'a' is used to denote the maximal frequency 10. There should be no
                   punctuation (spaces etc.) in the string. For example, 'a0501'.
                   Alternatively frequencies or counts can be represented by an array
                   ref containing the counts, frequencies or logs as any kind of
                   number.

   _calculate_consensus
        Title   : _calculate_consensus
        Function: Internal stuff

   calc_weight
        Title   : calc_weight
        Usage   : $obj->calc_weight({A=>0.2562, C=>0.2438, G=>0.2432, T=>0.2568});
        Function: Recalculates the PSM (or weights) based on the PFM (the frequency
                  matrix) and user supplied background model.
        Throws  : if no model is supplied
        Returns : n/a
        Args    : reference to a hash with background frequencies for A,C,G and T

   next_pos
        Title   : next_pos
        Usage   :
        Function: Retrieves the next position features: frequencies for A,C,G,T, the
                  main letter (as in consensus) and the probabilty for this letter to
                  occur at this position and the current position
        Returns : hash (pA,pC,pG,pT,logA,logC,logG,logT,base,prob,rel)
        Args    : none

   curpos
        Title   : curpos
        Usage   :
        Function: Gets/sets the current position. Converts to 0 if argument is minus
                  and to width if greater than width
        Returns : integer
        Args    : integer

   e_val
        Title   : e_val
        Usage   :
        Function: Gets/sets the e-value
        Returns : real number
        Args    : none to get, real number to set

   IC
        Title   : IC
        Usage   :
        Function: Get/set the Information Content
        Returns : real number
        Args    : none to get, real number to set

   accession_number
        Title   : accession_number
        Function: Get/set the accession number, this will be unique id for the
                  SiteMatrix object as well for any other object, inheriting from
                  SiteMatrix
        Returns : string
        Args    : none to get, string to set

   consensus
        Title   : consensus
        Usage   :
        Function: Returns the consensus
        Returns : string
        Args    : (optional) threshold value 1 to 10, default 5
                  '5' means the returned characters had a 50% or higher presence at
                  their position

   width
        Title   : width
        Usage   :
        Function: Returns the length of the sites in used to make this matrix
        Returns : int
        Args    : none

   sites
        Title   : sites
        Usage   :
        Function: Get/set the number of sites that were used to make this matrix
        Returns : int
        Args    : none to get, int to set

   IUPAC
        Title   : IUPAC
        Usage   :
        Function: Returns IUPAC compliant consensus
        Returns : string
        Args    : optionally, also supply a whole number (int) of 1 or higher to set
                  the significance level when considering the frequencies. 1 (the
                  default) means a 0.05 significance level: frequencies lower than
                  0.05 will be ignored. 2 Means a 0.005 level, and so on.

   _to_IUPAC
        Title   : _to_IUPAC
        Usage   :
        Function: Converts a single position to IUPAC compliant symbol.
                  For rules see the implementation
        Returns : char, real number
        Args    : real numbers for frequencies of A,C,G,T (positional)

                  optionally, also supply a whole number (int) of 1 or higher to set
                  the significance level when considering the frequencies. 1 (the
                  default) means a 0.05 significance level: frequencies lower than
                  0.05 will be ignored. 2 Means a 0.005 level, and so on.

   _to_cons
        Title   : _to_cons
        Usage   :
        Function: Converts a single position to simple consensus character and returns
                  its probability. For rules see the implementation
        Returns : char, real number
        Args    : real numbers for A,C,G,T (positional), and optional 5th argument of
                  threshold (as a number between 1 and 10, where 5 is default and
                  means the returned character had a 50% or higher presence at this
                  position)

   get_string
        Title   : get_string
        Usage   :
        Function: Returns given probability vector as a string. Useful if you want to
                  store things in a rel database, where arrays are not first choice
        Throws  : If the argument is outside {A,C,G,T}
        Returns : string
        Args    : character {A,C,G,T}

   get_array
        Title   : get_array
        Usage   :
        Function: Returns an array with frequencies for a specified base
        Returns : array
        Args    : char

   get_logs_array
        Title   : get_logs_array
        Usage   :
        Function: Returns an array with log_odds for a specified base
        Returns : array
        Args    : char

   id
        Title   : id
        Usage   :
        Function: Gets/sets the site id
        Returns : string
        Args    : string

   regexp
        Title   : regexp
        Usage   :
        Function: Returns a regular expression which matches the IUPAC convention.
                  N will match X, N, - and .
        Returns : string
        Args    : none (works at the threshold last used for making the IUPAC string)

   regexp_array
        Title   : regexp_array
        Usage   :
        Function: Returns a regular expression which matches the IUPAC convention.
                  N will match X, N, - and .
        Returns : array
        Args    : none (works at the threshold last used for making the IUPAC string)
        To do   : I have separated regexp and regexp_array, but
                  maybe they can be rewritten as one - just check what should be returned

   _compress_array
        Title   : _compress_array
        Usage   :
        Function: Will compress an array of real signed numbers to a string (ie vector
                  of bytes) -127 to +127 for bi-directional(signed) and 0..255 for
                  unsigned
        Returns : String
        Args    : array reference, followed by an max value and direction (optional,
                  default 1-unsigned),1 unsigned, any other is signed.

   _uncompress_string
        Title   : _uncompress_string
        Usage   :
        Function: Will uncompress a string (vector of bytes) to create an array of
                  real signed numbers (opposite to_compress_array)
        Returns : string, followed by an max value and
                          direction (optional, default 1-unsigned), 1 unsigned, any other is signed.
        Args    : array

   get_compressed_freq
        Title   : get_compressed_freq
        Usage   :
        Function: A method to provide a compressed frequency vector. It uses one byte
                  to code the frequence for one of the probability vectors for one
                  position. Useful for relational database. Improvement of the previous
                  0..a coding.
        Example :  my $strA=$self->get_compressed_freq('A');
        Returns :  String
        Args    :  char

   get_compressed_logs
        Title   : get_compressed_logs
        Usage   :
        Function: A method to provide a compressed log-odd vector. It uses one byte to
                          code the log value for one of the log-odds vectors for one position.
        Example : my $strA=$self->get_compressed_logs('A');
        Returns : String
        Args    : char

   sequence_match_weight
        Title   : sequence_match_weight
        Usage   :
        Function: This method will calculate the score of a match, based on the PWM
                  if such is associated with the matrix object. Returns undef if no
                  PWM data is available.
        Throws  : if the length of the sequence is different from the matrix width
        Example : my $score=$matrix->sequence_match_weight('ACGGATAG');
        Returns : Floating point
        Args    : string

   get_all_vectors
        Title   : get_all_vectors
        Usage   :
        Function: returns all possible sequence vectors to satisfy the PFM under
                  a given threshold
        Throws  : If threshold outside of 0..1 (no sense to do that)
        Example : my @vectors=$self->get_all_vectors(4);
        Returns : Array of strings
        Args    : (optional) floating