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NAME

       IO::Compress::Deflate - Write RFC 1950 files/buffers

SYNOPSIS

           use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

           my $status = deflate $input => $output [,OPTS]
               or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

           my $z = new IO::Compress::Deflate $output [,OPTS]
               or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

           $z->print($string);
           $z->printf($format, $string);
           $z->write($string);
           $z->syswrite($string [, $length, $offset]);
           $z->flush();
           $z->tell();
           $z->eof();
           $z->seek($position, $whence);
           $z->binmode();
           $z->fileno();
           $z->opened();
           $z->autoflush();
           $z->input_line_number();
           $z->newStream( [OPTS] );

           $z->deflateParams();

           $z->close() ;

           $DeflateError ;

           # IO::File mode

           print $z $string;
           printf $z $format, $string;
           tell $z
           eof $z
           seek $z, $position, $whence
           binmode $z
           fileno $z
           close $z ;

DESCRIPTION

       This module provides a Perl interface that allows writing compressed data to files or
       buffer as defined in RFC 1950.

       For reading RFC 1950 files/buffers, see the companion module IO::Uncompress::Inflate.

Functional Interface

       A top-level function, "deflate", is provided to carry out "one-shot" compression between
       buffers and/or files. For finer control over the compression process, see the "OO
       Interface" section.

           use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

           deflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [,OPTS]
               or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

       The functional interface needs Perl5.005 or better.

   deflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS]
       "deflate" expects at least two parameters, $input_filename_or_reference and
       $output_filename_or_reference.

       The $input_filename_or_reference parameter

       The parameter, $input_filename_or_reference, is used to define the source of the
       uncompressed data.

       It can take one of the following forms:

       A filename
            If the <$input_filename_or_reference> parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to
            be a filename. This file will be opened for reading and the input data will be read
            from it.

       A filehandle
            If the $input_filename_or_reference parameter is a filehandle, the input data will be
            read from it.  The string '-' can be used as an alias for standard input.

       A scalar reference
            If $input_filename_or_reference is a scalar reference, the input data will be read
            from $$input_filename_or_reference.

       An array reference
            If $input_filename_or_reference is an array reference, each element in the array must
            be a filename.

            The input data will be read from each file in turn.

            The complete array will be walked to ensure that it only contains valid filenames
            before any data is compressed.

       An Input FileGlob string
            If $input_filename_or_reference is a string that is delimited by the characters "<"
            and ">" "deflate" will assume that it is an input fileglob string. The input is the
            list of files that match the fileglob.

            See File::GlobMapper for more details.

       If the $input_filename_or_reference parameter is any other type, "undef" will be returned.

       The $output_filename_or_reference parameter

       The parameter $output_filename_or_reference is used to control the destination of the
       compressed data. This parameter can take one of these forms.

       A filename
            If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to
            be a filename.  This file will be opened for writing and the compressed data will be
            written to it.

       A filehandle
            If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is a filehandle, the compressed data
            will be written to it.  The string '-' can be used as an alias for standard output.

       A scalar reference
            If $output_filename_or_reference is a scalar reference, the compressed data will be
            stored in $$output_filename_or_reference.

       An Array Reference
            If $output_filename_or_reference is an array reference, the compressed data will be
            pushed onto the array.

       An Output FileGlob
            If $output_filename_or_reference is a string that is delimited by the characters "<"
            and ">" "deflate" will assume that it is an output fileglob string. The output is the
            list of files that match the fileglob.

            When $output_filename_or_reference is an fileglob string,
            $input_filename_or_reference must also be a fileglob string. Anything else is an
            error.

            See File::GlobMapper for more details.

       If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is any other type, "undef" will be
       returned.

   Notes
       When $input_filename_or_reference maps to multiple files/buffers and
       $output_filename_or_reference is a single file/buffer the input files/buffers will be
       stored in $output_filename_or_reference as a concatenated series of compressed data
       streams.

   Optional Parameters
       Unless specified below, the optional parameters for "deflate", "OPTS", are the same as
       those used with the OO interface defined in the "Constructor Options" section below.

       "AutoClose => 0|1"
            This option applies to any input or output data streams to "deflate" that are
            filehandles.

            If "AutoClose" is specified, and the value is true, it will result in all input
            and/or output filehandles being closed once "deflate" has completed.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       "BinModeIn => 0|1"
            When reading from a file or filehandle, set "binmode" before reading.

            Defaults to 0.

       "Append => 0|1"
            The behaviour of this option is dependent on the type of output data stream.

            •    A Buffer

                 If "Append" is enabled, all compressed data will be append to the end of the
                 output buffer. Otherwise the output buffer will be cleared before any compressed
                 data is written to it.

            •    A Filename

                 If "Append" is enabled, the file will be opened in append mode. Otherwise the
                 contents of the file, if any, will be truncated before any compressed data is
                 written to it.

            •    A Filehandle

                 If "Append" is enabled, the filehandle will be positioned to the end of the file
                 via a call to "seek" before any compressed data is written to it.  Otherwise the
                 file pointer will not be moved.

            When "Append" is specified, and set to true, it will append all compressed data to
            the output data stream.

            So when the output is a filehandle it will carry out a seek to the eof before writing
            any compressed data. If the output is a filename, it will be opened for appending. If
            the output is a buffer, all compressed data will be appended to the existing buffer.

            Conversely when "Append" is not specified, or it is present and is set to false, it
            will operate as follows.

            When the output is a filename, it will truncate the contents of the file before
            writing any compressed data. If the output is a filehandle its position will not be
            changed. If the output is a buffer, it will be wiped before any compressed data is
            output.

            Defaults to 0.

   Examples
       To read the contents of the file "file1.txt" and write the compressed data to the file
       "file1.txt.1950".

           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

           my $input = "file1.txt";
           deflate $input => "$input.1950"
               or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

       To read from an existing Perl filehandle, $input, and write the compressed data to a
       buffer, $buffer.

           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;
           use IO::File ;

           my $input = new IO::File "<file1.txt"
               or die "Cannot open 'file1.txt': $!\n" ;
           my $buffer ;
           deflate $input => \$buffer
               or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

       To compress all files in the directory "/my/home" that match "*.txt" and store the
       compressed data in the same directory

           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

           deflate '</my/home/*.txt>' => '<*.1950>'
               or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

       and if you want to compress each file one at a time, this will do the trick

           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

           for my $input ( glob "/my/home/*.txt" )
           {
               my $output = "$input.1950" ;
               deflate $input => $output
                   or die "Error compressing '$input': $DeflateError\n";
           }

OO Interface

   Constructor
       The format of the constructor for "IO::Compress::Deflate" is shown below

           my $z = new IO::Compress::Deflate $output [,OPTS]
               or die "IO::Compress::Deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

       It returns an "IO::Compress::Deflate" object on success and undef on failure.  The
       variable $DeflateError will contain an error message on failure.

       If you are running Perl 5.005 or better the object, $z, returned from
       IO::Compress::Deflate can be used exactly like an IO::File filehandle.  This means that
       all normal output file operations can be carried out with $z.  For example, to write to a
       compressed file/buffer you can use either of these forms

           $z->print("hello world\n");
           print $z "hello world\n";

       The mandatory parameter $output is used to control the destination of the compressed data.
       This parameter can take one of these forms.

       A filename
            If the $output parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to be a filename. This
            file will be opened for writing and the compressed data will be written to it.

       A filehandle
            If the $output parameter is a filehandle, the compressed data will be written to it.
            The string '-' can be used as an alias for standard output.

       A scalar reference
            If $output is a scalar reference, the compressed data will be stored in $$output.

       If the $output parameter is any other type, "IO::Compress::Deflate"::new will return
       undef.

   Constructor Options
       "OPTS" is any combination of the following options:

       "AutoClose => 0|1"
            This option is only valid when the $output parameter is a filehandle. If specified,
            and the value is true, it will result in the $output being closed once either the
            "close" method is called or the "IO::Compress::Deflate" object is destroyed.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       "Append => 0|1"
            Opens $output in append mode.

            The behaviour of this option is dependent on the type of $output.

            •    A Buffer

                 If $output is a buffer and "Append" is enabled, all compressed data will be
                 append to the end of $output. Otherwise $output will be cleared before any data
                 is written to it.

            •    A Filename

                 If $output is a filename and "Append" is enabled, the file will be opened in
                 append mode. Otherwise the contents of the file, if any, will be truncated
                 before any compressed data is written to it.

            •    A Filehandle

                 If $output is a filehandle, the file pointer will be positioned to the end of
                 the file via a call to "seek" before any compressed data is written to it.
                 Otherwise the file pointer will not be moved.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       "Merge => 0|1"
            This option is used to compress input data and append it to an existing compressed
            data stream in $output. The end result is a single compressed data stream stored in
            $output.

            It is a fatal error to attempt to use this option when $output is not an RFC 1950
            data stream.

            There are a number of other limitations with the "Merge" option:

            1.   This module needs to have been built with zlib 1.2.1 or better to work. A fatal
                 error will be thrown if "Merge" is used with an older version of zlib.

            2.   If $output is a file or a filehandle, it must be seekable.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       -Level
            Defines the compression level used by zlib. The value should either be a number
            between 0 and 9 (0 means no compression and 9 is maximum compression), or one of the
            symbolic constants defined below.

               Z_NO_COMPRESSION
               Z_BEST_SPEED
               Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
               Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION

            The default is Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.

            Note, these constants are not imported by "IO::Compress::Deflate" by default.

                use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(:strategy);
                use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(:constants);
                use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(:all);

       -Strategy
            Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. Use one of the symbolic constants
            defined below.

               Z_FILTERED
               Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
               Z_RLE
               Z_FIXED
               Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY

            The default is Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY.

       "Strict => 0|1"
            This is a placeholder option.

   Examples
       TODO

Methods

   print
       Usage is

           $z->print($data)
           print $z $data

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter. This has the same behaviour as
       the "print" built-in.

       Returns true if successful.

   printf
       Usage is

           $z->printf($format, $data)
           printf $z $format, $data

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns true if successful.

   syswrite
       Usage is

           $z->syswrite $data
           $z->syswrite $data, $length
           $z->syswrite $data, $length, $offset

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written, or "undef" if unsuccessful.

   write
       Usage is

           $z->write $data
           $z->write $data, $length
           $z->write $data, $length, $offset

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written, or "undef" if unsuccessful.

   flush
       Usage is

           $z->flush;
           $z->flush($flush_type);

       Flushes any pending compressed data to the output file/buffer.

       This method takes an optional parameter, $flush_type, that controls how the flushing will
       be carried out. By default the $flush_type used is "Z_FINISH". Other valid values for
       $flush_type are "Z_NO_FLUSH", "Z_SYNC_FLUSH", "Z_FULL_FLUSH" and "Z_BLOCK". It is strongly
       recommended that you only set the "flush_type" parameter if you fully understand the
       implications of what it does - overuse of "flush" can seriously degrade the level of
       compression achieved. See the "zlib" documentation for details.

       Returns true on success.

   tell
       Usage is

           $z->tell()
           tell $z

       Returns the uncompressed file offset.

   eof
       Usage is

           $z->eof();
           eof($z);

       Returns true if the "close" method has been called.

   seek
           $z->seek($position, $whence);
           seek($z, $position, $whence);

       Provides a sub-set of the "seek" functionality, with the restriction that it is only legal
       to seek forward in the output file/buffer.  It is a fatal error to attempt to seek
       backward.

       Empty parts of the file/buffer will have NULL (0x00) bytes written to them.

       The $whence parameter takes one the usual values, namely SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR or SEEK_END.

       Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.

   binmode
       Usage is

           $z->binmode
           binmode $z ;

       This is a noop provided for completeness.

   opened
           $z->opened()

       Returns true if the object currently refers to a opened file/buffer.

   autoflush
           my $prev = $z->autoflush()
           my $prev = $z->autoflush(EXPR)

       If the $z object is associated with a file or a filehandle, this method returns the
       current autoflush setting for the underlying filehandle. If "EXPR" is present, and is non-
       zero, it will enable flushing after every write/print operation.

       If $z is associated with a buffer, this method has no effect and always returns "undef".

       Note that the special variable $| cannot be used to set or retrieve the autoflush setting.

   input_line_number
           $z->input_line_number()
           $z->input_line_number(EXPR)

       This method always returns "undef" when compressing.

   fileno
           $z->fileno()
           fileno($z)

       If the $z object is associated with a file or a filehandle, "fileno" will return the
       underlying file descriptor. Once the "close" method is called "fileno" will return
       "undef".

       If the $z object is associated with a buffer, this method will return "undef".

   close
           $z->close() ;
           close $z ;

       Flushes any pending compressed data and then closes the output file/buffer.

       For most versions of Perl this method will be automatically invoked if the
       IO::Compress::Deflate object is destroyed (either explicitly or by the variable with the
       reference to the object going out of scope). The exceptions are Perl versions 5.005
       through 5.00504 and 5.8.0. In these cases, the "close" method will be called
       automatically, but not until global destruction of all live objects when the program is
       terminating.

       Therefore, if you want your scripts to be able to run on all versions of Perl, you should
       call "close" explicitly and not rely on automatic closing.

       Returns true on success, otherwise 0.

       If the "AutoClose" option has been enabled when the IO::Compress::Deflate object was
       created, and the object is associated with a file, the underlying file will also be
       closed.

   newStream([OPTS])
       Usage is

           $z->newStream( [OPTS] )

       Closes the current compressed data stream and starts a new one.

       OPTS consists of any of the options that are available when creating the $z object.

       See the "Constructor Options" section for more details.

   deflateParams
       Usage is

           $z->deflateParams

       TODO

Importing

       A number of symbolic constants are required by some methods in "IO::Compress::Deflate".
       None are imported by default.

       :all Imports "deflate", $DeflateError and all symbolic constants that can be used by
            "IO::Compress::Deflate". Same as doing this

                use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError :constants) ;

       :constants
            Import all symbolic constants. Same as doing this

                use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(:flush :level :strategy) ;

       :flush
            These symbolic constants are used by the "flush" method.

                Z_NO_FLUSH
                Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH
                Z_SYNC_FLUSH
                Z_FULL_FLUSH
                Z_FINISH
                Z_BLOCK

       :level
            These symbolic constants are used by the "Level" option in the constructor.

                Z_NO_COMPRESSION
                Z_BEST_SPEED
                Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
                Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION

       :strategy
            These symbolic constants are used by the "Strategy" option in the constructor.

                Z_FILTERED
                Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
                Z_RLE
                Z_FIXED
                Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY

EXAMPLES

   Apache::GZip Revisited
       See IO::Compress::FAQ

   Working with Net::FTP
       See IO::Compress::FAQ

SEE ALSO

       Compress::Zlib, IO::Compress::Gzip, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Inflate,
       IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Compress::Bzip2,
       IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2, IO::Compress::Lzma, IO::Uncompress::UnLzma, IO::Compress::Xz,
       IO::Uncompress::UnXz, IO::Compress::Lzop, IO::Uncompress::UnLzop, IO::Compress::Lzf,
       IO::Uncompress::UnLzf, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate, IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress

       IO::Compress::FAQ

       File::GlobMapper, Archive::Zip, Archive::Tar, IO::Zlib

       For RFC 1950, 1951 and 1952 see <http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1950.html>,
       <http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1951.html> and <http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1952.html>

       The zlib compression library was written by Jean-loup Gailly "gzip@prep.ai.mit.edu" and
       Mark Adler "madler@alumni.caltech.edu".

       The primary site for the zlib compression library is <http://www.zlib.org>.

       The primary site for gzip is <http://www.gzip.org>.

AUTHOR

       This module was written by Paul Marquess, "pmqs@cpan.org".

MODIFICATION HISTORY

       See the Changes file.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       Copyright (c) 2005-2017 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself.