Provided by: libppix-regexp-perl_0.055-1_all bug

NAME

       PPIx::Regexp::Tokenizer - Tokenize a regular expression

SYNOPSIS

        use PPIx::Regexp::Dumper;
        PPIx::Regexp::Dumper->new( 'qr{foo}smx' )
            ->print();

INHERITANCE

       "PPIx::Regexp::Tokenizer" is a PPIx::Regexp::Support.

       "PPIx::Regexp::Tokenizer" has no descendants.

DESCRIPTION

       This class provides tokenization of the regular expression.

METHODS

       This class provides the following public methods. Methods not documented here (or
       documented below under "EXTERNAL TOKENIZERS") are private, and unsupported in the sense
       that the author reserves the right to change or remove them without notice.

   new
        my $tokenizer = PPIx::Regexp::Tokenizer->new( 'xyzzy' );

       This static method instantiates the tokenizer. You must pass it the regular expression to
       be parsed, either as a string or as a PPI::Element of some sort. You can also pass
       optional name/value pairs of arguments. The option names are specified without a leading
       dash. Supported options are:

       default_modifiers array_reference
           This argument specifies default statement modifiers. It is optional, but if specified
           must be an array reference. See the PPIx::Regexp new() documentation for the details.

       encoding name
           This option specifies the encoding of the string to be tokenized. If specified, an
           "Encode::decode" is done on the string (or the "content" of the PPI class) before it
           is tokenized.

       postderef boolean
           This option specifies whether the tokenizer recognizes postfix dereferencing. See the
           PPIx::Regexp new() documentation for the details.

           $PPIx::Regexp::Tokenizer::DEFAULT_POSTDEREF is not exported.

       strict boolean
           This option specifies whether tokenization should assume "use re 'strict';" is in
           effect.

           The 'strict' pragma was introduced in Perl 5.22, and its documentation says that it is
           experimental, and that there is no commitment to backward compatibility. The same
           applies to the tokenization produced when this option is asserted.

       trace number
           Specifying a positive value for this option causes a trace of the tokenization. This
           option is unsupported in the sense that the author reserves the right to alter it
           without notice.

           If this option is unspecified, the value comes from environment variable
           "PPIX_REGEXP_TOKENIZER_TRACE" (see "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"). If this environment
           variable does not exist, the default is 0.

       Undocumented options are unsupported.

       The returned value is the instantiated tokenizer, or "undef" if instantiation failed. In
       the latter case a call to "errstr" will return the reason.

   content
        print $tokenizer->content();

       This method returns the string being tokenized. This will be the result of the
       PPI::Element->content() method if the object was instantiated with a PPI::Element.

   default_modifiers
        print join ', ', @{ $tokenizer->default_modifiers() };

       This method returns a reference to a copy of the array passed to the "default_modifiers"
       argument to new(). If this argument was not used to instantiate the object, the return is
       a reference to an empty array.

   encoding
       This method returns the encoding of the data being parsed, if one was set when the class
       was instantiated; otherwise it simply returns undef.

   errstr
        my $tokenizer = PPIx::Regexp::Tokenizer->new( 'xyzzy' )
            or die PPIx::Regexp::Tokenizer->errstr();

       This static method returns an error description if tokenizer instantiation failed.

   failures
        print $tokenizer->failures(), " tokenization failures\n";

       This method returns the number of tokenization failures encountered. A tokenization
       failure is represented in the output token stream by a PPIx::Regexp::Token::Unknown.

   modifier
        $tokenizer->modifier( 'x' )
            and print "Tokenizing an extended regular expression\n";

       This method returns true if the given modifier character was found on the end of the
       regular expression, and false otherwise.

       Starting with version 0.036_01, if the argument is a single-character modifier followed by
       an asterisk (intended as a wild card character), the return is the number of times that
       modifier appears. In this case an exception will be thrown if you specify a multi-
       character modifier (e.g.  'ee*'), or if you specify one of the match semantics modifiers
       (e.g.  'a*').

   next_token
        my $token = $tokenizer->next_token();

       This method returns the next token in the token stream, or nothing if there are no more
       tokens.

   significant
       This method exists simply for the convenience of PPIx::Regexp::Dumper. It always returns
       true.

   tokens
        my @tokens = $tokenizer->tokens();

       This method returns all remaining tokens in the token stream.

EXTERNAL TOKENIZERS

       This class does very little of its own tokenization. Instead the token classes contain
       external tokenization routines, whose name is '__PPIX_TOKENIZER__' concatenated with the
       current mode of the tokenizer ('regexp' for regular expressions, 'repl' for the
       replacement string).

       These external tokenizers are called as static methods, and passed the
       "PPIx::Regexp::Tokenizer" object and the current character in the character stream.

       If the external tokenizer wants to make one or more tokens, it returns an array containing
       either length in characters for tokens of the tokenizer's own class, or the results of one
       or more "make_token" calls for tokens of an arbitrary class.

       If the external tokenizer is not interested in the characters starting at the current
       position it simply returns.

       The following methods are for the use of external tokenizers, and are not part of the
       public interface to this class.

   capture
        if ( $tokenizer->find_regexp( qr{ \A ( foo ) }smx ) ) {
            foreach ( $tokenizer->capture() ) {
                print "$_\n";
            }
        }

       This method returns all the contents of any capture buffers from the previous call to
       "find_regexp". The first element of the array (i.e.  element 0) corresponds to $1, and so
       on.

       The captures are cleared by "make_token", as well as by another call to "find_regexp".

   cookie
        $tokenizer->cookie( foo => sub { 1 } );
        my $cookie = $tokenizer->cookie( 'foo' );
        my $old_hint = $tokenizer->cookie( foo => undef );

       This method either creates, deletes, or accesses a cookie.

       A cookie is a code reference which is called whenever the tokenizer makes a token. If it
       returns a false value, it is deleted. Explicitly setting the cookie to "undef" also
       deletes it.

       When you call "$tokenizer->cookie( 'foo' )", the current cookie is returned. If you pass a
       new value of "undef" to delete the token, the deleted cookie (if any) is returned.

       When the "make_token" method calls a cookie, it passes it the tokenizer and the token just
       made. If a token calls a cookie, it is recommended that it merely pass the tokenizer,
       though of course the token can do whatever it wants.

       The cookie mechanism seems to be a bit of a crock, but it appeared to be more work to fix
       things up in the lexer after the tokenizer got something wrong.

       The recommended way to write a cookie is to use a closure to store any necessary data, and
       have a call to the cookie return the data; otherwise the ultimate consumer of the cookie
       has no way to access the data. Of course, it may be that the presence of the cookie at a
       certain point in the parse is all that is required.

   expect
        $tokenizer->expect( 'PPIx::Regexp::Token::Code' );

       This method inserts a given class at the head of the token scan, for the next iteration
       only. More than one class can be specified. Class names can be abbreviated by removing the
       leading 'PPIx::Regexp::'.

       If no class is specified, this method does nothing.

       The expectation lasts from the next time "get_token" is called until the next time
       make_token makes a significant token, or until the next "expect" call if that is done
       sooner.

   find_regexp
        my $end = $tokenizer->find_regexp( qr{ \A \w+ }smx );
        my ( $begin, $end ) = $tokenizer->find_regexp(
            qr{ \A \w+ }smx );

       This method finds the given regular expression in the content, starting at the current
       position. If called in scalar context, the offset from the current position to the end of
       the matched string is returned. If called in list context, the offsets to both the
       beginning and the end of the matched string are returned.

   find_matching_delimiter
        my $offset = $tokenizer->find_matching_delimiter();

       This method is used by tokenizers to find the delimiter matching the character at the
       current position in the content string. If the delimiter is an opening bracket of some
       sort, bracket nesting will be taken into account.

       When searching for the matching delimiter, the back slash character is considered to
       escape the following character, so back-slashed delimiters will be ignored. No other
       quoting mechanisms are recognized, though, so delimiters inside quotes still count. This
       is actually the way Perl works, as

        $ perl -e 'qr<(?{ print "}" })>'

       demonstrates.

       This method returns the offset from the current position in the content string to the
       matching delimiter (which will always be positive), or undef if no match can be found.

   get_mode
       This method returns the name of the current mode of the tokenizer.

   get_start_delimiter
        my $start_delimiter = $tokenizer->get_start_delimiter();

       This method is used by tokenizers to access the start delimiter for the regular
       expression.

   get_token
        my $token = $tokenizer->make_token( 3 );
        my @tokens = $tokenizer->get_token();

       This method returns the next token that can be made from the input stream. It is not part
       of the external interface, but is intended for the use of an external tokenizer which
       calls it after making and retaining its own token to look at the next token ( if any ) in
       the input stream.

       If any external tokenizer calls get_token without first calling make_token, a fatal error
       occurs; this is better than the infinite recursion which would occur if the condition were
       not trapped.

       An external tokenizer must return anything returned by get_token; otherwise tokens get
       lost.

   interpolates
       This method returns true if the top-level structure being tokenized interpolates; that is,
       if the delimiter is not a single quote.

   make_token
        return $tokenizer->make_token( 3, 'PPIx::Regexp::Token::Unknown' );

       This method is used by this class (and possibly by individual tokenizers) to manufacture a
       token. Its arguments are the number of characters to include in the token, and optionally
       the class of the token. If no class name is given, the caller's class is used. Class names
       may be shortened by removing the initial 'PPIx::Regexp::', which will be restored by this
       method.

       The token will be manufactured from the given number of characters starting at the current
       cursor position, which will be adjusted.

       If the given length would include characters past the end of the string being tokenized,
       the length is reduced appropriately. If this means a token with no characters, nothing is
       returned.

   match
        if ( $tokenizer->find_regexp( qr{ \A \w+ }smx ) ) {
            print $tokenizer->match(), "\n";
        }

       This method returns the string matched by the previous call to "find_regexp".

       The match is set to "undef" by "make_token", as well as by another call to "find_regexp".

   modifier_duplicate
        $tokenizer->modifier_duplicate();

       This method duplicates the modifiers on the top of the modifier stack, with the intent of
       creating a locally-scoped copy of the modifiers. This should only be called by an external
       tokenizer that is actually creating a modifier scope. In other words, only when creating a
       PPIx::Regexp::Token::Structure token whose content is '('.

   modifier_modify
        $tokenizer->modifier_modify( name => $value ... );

       This method sets new values for the modifiers in the local scope. Only the modifiers whose
       names are actually passed have their values changed.

       This method is intended to be called after manufacturing a PPIx::Regexp::Token::Modifier
       token, and passed the results of its "modifiers" method.

   modifier_pop
        $tokenizer->modifier_pop();

       This method removes the modifiers on the top of the modifier stack. This should only be
       called by an external tokenizer that is ending a modifier scope. In other words, only when
       creating a PPIx::Regexp::Token::Structure token whose content is ')'.

       Note that this method will never pop the last modifier item off the stack, to guard
       against unmatched right parentheses.

   peek
        my $character = $tokenizer->peek();
        my $next_char = $tokenizer->peek( 1 );

       This method returns the character at the given non-negative offset from the current
       position. If no offset is given, an offset of 0 is used.

       If you ask for a negative offset or an offset off the end of the sting, "undef" is
       returned.

   ppi_document
       This method makes a PPI document out of the remainder of the string, and returns it.

   prior
        $tokenizer->prior( 'can_be_quantified' )
           and print "The prior token can be quantified.\n";

       This method is deprecated in favor of prior_significant_tokrn(). As of version [%%
       next_version %%] it is a fatal error to call it. Six months after the release of this
       version it will be removed.  I am not sure I need to put this though a deprecation cycle,
       given that this method is documented as not being part of the public interface, but I
       choose to err on the side of caution.

       This method calls the named method on the most-recently-instantiated significant token,
       and returns the result. Any arguments subsequent to the method name will be passed to the
       method.

       Because this method is designed to be used within the tokenizing system, it will die
       horribly if the named method does not exist.

       If called with no arguments at all the most-recently-instantiated significant token is
       returned.

   prior_significant_token
        $tokenizer->prior_significant_token( 'can_be_quantified' )
           and print "The prior token can be quantified.\n";

       This method calls the named method on the most-recently-instantiated significant token,
       and returns the result. Any arguments subsequent to the method name will be passed to the
       method.

       Because this method is designed to be used within the tokenizing system, it will die
       horribly if the named method does not exist.

       If called with no arguments at all the most-recently-instantiated significant token is
       returned.

   strict
        say 'Parse is ', $tokenizer->strict() ? 'strict' : 'lenient';

       This method simply returns true or false, depending on whether the 'strict' option to
       "new()" was true or false.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       A tokenizer trace can be requested by setting environment variable
       PPIX_REGEXP_TOKENIZER_TRACE to a numeric value other than 0. Use of this environment
       variable is unsupported in the same sense that the "trace" option of "new" is unsupported.
       Explicitly specifying the "trace" option to "new" overrides the environment variable.

       The real reason this is documented is to give the user a way to troubleshoot funny output
       from the tokenizer.

SUPPORT

       Support is by the author. Please file bug reports at <http://rt.cpan.org>, or in
       electronic mail to the author.

AUTHOR

       Thomas R. Wyant, III wyant at cpan dot org

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       Copyright (C) 2009-2018 by Thomas R. Wyant, III

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl 5.10.0. For more details, see the full text of the licenses in the directory
       LICENSES.

       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty;
       without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.