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This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of
this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of
Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
NAME
getnameinfo — get name information
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *restrict sa, socklen_t salen,
char *restrict node, socklen_t nodelen, char *restrict service,
socklen_t servicelen, int flags);
DESCRIPTION
The getnameinfo() function shall translate a socket address to a node name and service
location, all of which are defined as in freeaddrinfo().
The sa argument points to a socket address structure to be translated. The salen argument
contains the length of the address pointed to by sa.
If the socket address structure contains an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address or an IPv4-compatible
IPv6 address, the implementation shall extract the embedded IPv4 address and lookup the
node name for that IPv4 address.
If the address is the IPv6 unspecified address ("::"), a lookup shall not be performed and
the behavior shall be the same as when the node's name cannot be located.
If the node argument is non-NULL and the nodelen argument is non-zero, then the node
argument points to a buffer able to contain up to nodelen bytes that receives the node
name as a null-terminated string. If the node argument is NULL or the nodelen argument is
zero, the node name shall not be returned. If the node's name cannot be located, the
numeric form of the address contained in the socket address structure pointed to by the sa
argument is returned instead of its name.
If the service argument is non-NULL and the servicelen argument is non-zero, then the
service argument points to a buffer able to contain up to servicelen bytes that receives
the service name as a null-terminated string. If the service argument is NULL or the
servicelen argument is zero, the service name shall not be returned. If the service's name
cannot be located, the numeric form of the service address (for example, its port number)
shall be returned instead of its name.
The flags argument is a flag that changes the default actions of the function. By default
the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) for the host shall be returned, but:
* If the flag bit NI_NOFQDN is set, only the node name portion of the FQDN shall be
returned for local hosts.
* If the flag bit NI_NUMERICHOST is set, the numeric form of the address contained in
the socket address structure pointed to by the sa argument shall be returned instead
of its name.
* If the flag bit NI_NAMEREQD is set, an error shall be returned if the host's name
cannot be located.
* If the flag bit NI_NUMERICSERV is set, the numeric form of the service address shall
be returned (for example, its port number) instead of its name.
* If the flag bit NI_NUMERICSCOPE is set, the numeric form of the scope identifier shall
be returned (for example, interface index) instead of its name. This flag shall be
ignored if the sa argument is not an IPv6 address.
* If the flag bit NI_DGRAM is set, this indicates that the service is a datagram service
(SOCK_DGRAM). The default behavior shall assume that the service is a stream service
(SOCK_STREAM).
Notes:
1. The two NI_NUMERICxxx flags are required to support the −n flag that many
commands provide.
2. The NI_DGRAM flag is required for the few AF_INET and AF_INET6 port numbers
(for example, [512,514]) that represent different services for UDP and TCP.
The getnameinfo() function shall be thread-safe.
RETURN VALUE
A zero return value for getnameinfo() indicates successful completion; a non-zero return
value indicates failure. The possible values for the failures are listed in the ERRORS
section.
Upon successful completion, getnameinfo() shall return the node and service names, if
requested, in the buffers provided. The returned names are always null-terminated strings.
ERRORS
The getnameinfo() function shall fail and return the corresponding value if:
[EAI_AGAIN] The name could not be resolved at this time. Future attempts may succeed.
[EAI_BADFLAGS]
The flags had an invalid value.
[EAI_FAIL] A non-recoverable error occurred.
[EAI_FAMILY]
The address family was not recognized or the address length was invalid for
the specified family.
[EAI_MEMORY]
There was a memory allocation failure.
[EAI_NONAME]
The name does not resolve for the supplied parameters.
NI_NAMEREQD is set and the host's name cannot be located, or both nodename and
servname were null.
[EAI_OVERFLOW]
An argument buffer overflowed. The buffer pointed to by the node argument or
the service argument was too small.
[EAI_SYSTEM]
A system error occurred. The error code can be found in errno.
The following sections are informative.
EXAMPLES
None.
APPLICATION USAGE
If the returned values are to be used as part of any further name resolution (for example,
passed to getaddrinfo()), applications should provide buffers large enough to store any
result possible on the system.
Given the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address "::ffff:1.2.3.4", the implementation performs a lookup
as if the socket address structure contains the IPv4 address "1.2.3.4".
The IPv6 unspecified address ("::") and the IPv6 loopback address ("::1") are not
IPv4-compatible addresses.
RATIONALE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
endservent(), freeaddrinfo(), gai_strerror(), inet_ntop(), socket()
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, <netdb.h>, <sys_socket.h>
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System
Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. (This is
POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the event of any
discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the
original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard
can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have
been introduced during the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report
such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .