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NAME

     ng_car — Committed Access Rate netgraph node type

SYNOPSIS

     #include <netgraph/ng_car.h>

DESCRIPTION

     The car node type limits traffic flowing through it using:

        Single rate three color marker as described in RFC 2697,
        Two rate three color marker as described in RFC 2698,
        RED-like rate limit algorithm used by Cisco,
        Traffic shaping with RED.

HOOKS

     This node type supports the following hooks:

     upper  Hook leading to upper layer protocols.

     lower  Hook leading to lower layer protocols.

     Traffic flowing from upper to lower is considered downstream traffic.  Traffic flowing from
     lower to upper is considered upstream traffic.

MODES OF OPERATION

     Each hook can operate in one of the following modes:

     NG_CAR_SINGLE_RATE
          Single rate three color marker as described in RFC 2697.  Committed burst packets are
          counted as green, extended burst packets are counted as yellow and exceeding packets
          are counted as red.  Committed burst getting refilled with CIR (Committed Information
          Rate) speed.  When it is full, exceeded burst getting refilled.

     NG_CAR_DOUBLE_RATE
          Two rate three color marker as described in RFC 2698.  Committed burst packets are
          counted as green, peak burst packets are counted as yellow and exceeding packets are
          counted as red.  Committed burst getting refilled with CIR speed.  Peak burst getting
          refilled with PIR (Peak Information Rate) speed at the same time.

     NG_CAR_RED
          Similar to NG_CAR_SINGLE_RATE, but with different understanding of extended burst.
          When normal burst exceeded and extended burst is used, packets are counted red with
          probability equal to part of extended burst consumed.  Extended burst getting refilled
          first.  When it is full, committed burst getting refilled.  This behavior is similar to
          RED active queue management algorithm.

          This algorithm is more polite to the TCP traffic than NG_CAR_SINGLE_RATE.

     NG_CAR_SHAPE
          Committed burst packets are counted as green, exceeding packets are delayed by queue
          with RED management and counted as yellow.  Packets dropped by queue counted as red.
          Queue parameters are hardcoded: length 99 packets, min_th 8 packets, max_p 100%.

          Traffic shaping is much more polite to the TCP traffic than rate limit on links with
          bandwidth * delay product less than 6-8 TCP segments, but it consumes additional system
          resources for queue processing.
     By default, all information rates are measured in bits per second and bursts are measured in
     bytes.  But when NG_CAR_COUNT_PACKETS option is enabled, rates are measured in packets per
     second and bursts are in packets.

CONTROL MESSAGES

     This node type supports the generic control messages and the following specific messages.

     NGM_CAR_SET_CONF (setconf)
          Set node configuration to the specified at struct ng_car_bulkconf

     NGM_CAR_GET_CONF (getconf)
          Return current node configuration as struct ng_car_bulkconf

          struct ng_car_hookconf {
                  uint64_t cbs;           /* Committed burst size (bytes) */
                  uint64_t ebs;           /* Exceeded/Peak burst size (bytes) */
                  uint64_t cir;           /* Committed information rate (bits/s) */
                  uint64_t pir;           /* Peak information rate (bits/s) */
                  uint8_t  green_action;  /* Action for green packets */
                  uint8_t  yellow_action; /* Action for yellow packets */
                  uint8_t  red_action;    /* Action for red packets */
                  uint8_t  mode;          /* single/double rate, ... */
                  uint8_t  opt;           /* color-aware or color-blind */
          };

          /* possible actions (..._action) */
          enum {
              NG_CAR_ACTION_FORWARD = 1,
              NG_CAR_ACTION_DROP
          };

          /* operation modes (mode) */
          enum {
              NG_CAR_SINGLE_RATE = 0,
              NG_CAR_DOUBLE_RATE,
              NG_CAR_RED,
              NG_CAR_SHAPE
          };

          /* mode options (opt) */
          #define NG_CAR_COUNT_PACKETS    2

          struct ng_car_bulkconf {
                  struct ng_car_hookconf upstream;
                  struct ng_car_hookconf downstream;
          };

     NGM_CAR_GET_STATS (getstats)
          Return node statistics as struct ng_car_bulkstats

          struct ng_car_hookstats {
                  uint64_t passed_pkts;   /* Counter for passed packets */
                  uint64_t droped_pkts;   /* Counter for dropped packets */
                  uint64_t green_pkts;    /* Counter for green packets */
                  uint64_t yellow_pkts;   /* Counter for yellow packets */
                  uint64_t red_pkts;      /* Counter for red packets */
                  uint64_t errors;        /* Counter for operation errors */
          };

          struct ng_car_bulkstats {
                  struct ng_car_hookstats upstream;
                  struct ng_car_hookstats downstream;
          };

     NGM_CAR_CLR_STATS (clrstats)
          Clear node statistics.

     NGM_CAR_GETCLR_STATS (getclrstats)
          Atomically return and clear node statistics.

SHUTDOWN

     This node shuts down upon receipt of a NGM_SHUTDOWN control message, or when all hooks have
     been disconnected.

EXAMPLES

     Limit outgoing data rate over fxp0 Ethernet interface to 20Mbit/s and incoming packet rate
     to 5000pps.

           /usr/sbin/ngctl -f- <<-SEQ
                   mkpeer fxp0: car lower lower
                   name fxp0:lower fxp0_car
                   connect fxp0: fxp0_car: upper upper
                   msg fxp0_car: setconf { downstream={ cir=20000000 cbs=2500000 ebs=2500000 greenAction=1 yellowAction=1 redAction=2 mode=2 } upstream={ cir=5000 cbs=100 ebs=100 greenAction=1 yellowAction=1 redAction=2 mode=2 opt=2 } }
           SEQ

SEE ALSO

     netgraph(4), ngctl(8)

     J. Heinanen, A Single Rate Three Color Marker, RFC 2697.

     J. Heinanen, A Two Rate Three Color Marker, RFC 2698.

AUTHORS

     Nuno Antunes <nuno.antunes@gmail.com>
     Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>

BUGS

     At this moment only DROP and FORWARD actions are implemented.