Provided by: xfsprogs_4.9.0+nmu1ubuntu2_amd64 bug

NAME

       xfs - layout, mount options, and supported file attributes for the XFS filesystem

DESCRIPTION

       An  XFS  filesystem can reside on a regular disk partition or on a logical volume.  An XFS
       filesystem has up to three parts: a data section, a log section, and a  realtime  section.
       Using the default mkfs.xfs(8) options, the realtime section is absent, and the log area is
       contained within the data section.  The log section can be either separate from  the  data
       section or contained within it.  The filesystem sections are divided into a certain number
       of blocks, whose size is specified at mkfs.xfs(8) time with the -b option.

       The data section contains all  the  filesystem  metadata  (inodes,  directories,  indirect
       blocks)  as  well as the user file data for ordinary (non-realtime) files and the log area
       if the log is internal to the data section.  The data section is divided into a number  of
       allocation groups.  The number and size of the allocation groups are chosen by mkfs.xfs(8)
       so that there is normally a small number of equal-sized groups.  The number of  allocation
       groups  controls  the  amount  of  parallelism available in file and block allocation.  It
       should be increased from the default if there is sufficient memory and a lot of allocation
       activity.   The  number  of  allocation groups should not be set very high, since this can
       cause large amounts of CPU time  to  be  used  by  the  filesystem,  especially  when  the
       filesystem  is  nearly full.  More allocation groups are added (of the original size) when
       xfs_growfs(8) is run.

       The log section (or area, if it is internal to the data section) is used to store  changes
       to filesystem metadata while the filesystem is running until those changes are made to the
       data section.  It is written sequentially during normal operation  and  read  only  during
       mount.   When  mounting a filesystem after a crash, the log is read to complete operations
       that were in progress at the time of the crash.

       The realtime section is used to store the data of realtime  files.   These  files  had  an
       attribute  bit  set  through xfsctl(3) after file creation, before any data was written to
       the file.  The realtime section is  divided  into  a  number  of  extents  of  fixed  size
       (specified  at  mkfs.xfs(8)  time).   Each file in the realtime section has an extent size
       that is a multiple of the realtime section extent size.

       Each allocation group contains several data structures.  The  first  sector  contains  the
       superblock.   For  allocation groups after the first, the superblock is just a copy and is
       not updated after mkfs.xfs(8).  The next three sectors contain information for  block  and
       inode allocation within the allocation group.  Also contained within each allocation group
       are data structures to locate free blocks and inodes; these are located through the header
       structures.

       Each  XFS  filesystem  is  labeled with a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID).  The UUID is
       stored in every allocation group header and is used to help distinguish one XFS filesystem
       from  another,  therefore  you  should  avoid  using dd(1) or other block-by-block copying
       programs to copy XFS filesystems.  If two XFS filesystems on the  same  machine  have  the
       same  UUID,  xfsdump(8)  may  become  confused  when  doing incremental and resumed dumps.
       xfsdump(8) and xfsrestore(8) are recommended for making copies of XFS filesystems.

OPERATIONS

       Some functionality specific to the XFS filesystem is accessible  to  applications  through
       the xfsctl(3) and by-handle (see open_by_handle(3)) interfaces.

MOUNT OPTIONS

       The  following  XFS-specific  mount  options  may be used when mounting an XFS filesystem.
       Other generic options may be used as well; refer to the  mount(8)  manual  page  for  more
       details.

       allocsize=size
              Sets  the buffered I/O end-of-file preallocation size when doing delayed allocation
              writeout. Valid values for this option are page size (typically  4KiB)  through  to
              1GiB, inclusive, in power-of-2 increments.

              The  default  behavior  is for dynamic end-of-file preallocation size, which uses a
              set of  heuristics  to  optimise  the  preallocation  size  based  on  the  current
              allocation patterns within the file and the access patterns to the file. Specifying
              a fixed allocsize value turns off the dynamic behavior.

       attr2|noattr2
              The options enable/disable an "opportunistic" improvement to be  made  in  the  way
              inline  extended  attributes are stored on-disk.  When the new form is used for the
              first time when attr2  is  selected  (either  when  setting  or  removing  extended
              attributes)  the  on-disk  superblock  feature bit field will be updated to reflect
              this format being in use.

              The default behavior is determined by the on-disk feature bit indicating that attr2
              behavior  is  active.  If  either  mount  option  it set, then that becomes the new
              default used by the filesystem.

              CRC enabled filesystems always use the attr2 format, and so will reject the noattr2
              mount option if it is set.

       barrier|nobarrier
              Enables/disables  the use of block layer write barriers for writes into the journal
              and for data integrity operations.  This allows for drive level write caching to be
              enabled, for devices that support write barriers.

              Barriers are enabled by default.

       discard|nodiscard
              Enable/disable  the issuing of commands to let the block device reclaim space freed
              by the filesystem.  This is useful for SSD devices,  thinly  provisioned  LUNs  and
              virtual machine images, but may have a performance impact.

              Note:  It  is  currently recommended that you use the fstrim application to discard
              unused blocks rather than the discard mount option because the  performance  impact
              of this option is quite severe.  For this reason, nodiscard is the default.

       grpid|bsdgroups|nogrpid|sysvgroups
              These  options  define what group ID a newly created file gets.  When grpid is set,
              it takes the group ID of the directory in which it is created; otherwise  it  takes
              the  fsgid  of the current process, unless the directory has the setgid bit set, in
              which case it takes the gid from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit
              set if it is a directory itself.

       filestreams
              Make  the  data  allocator  use  the  filestreams allocation mode across the entire
              filesystem rather than just on directories configured to use it.

       ikeep|noikeep
              When ikeep is specified, XFS does not delete empty inode clusters  and  keeps  them
              around  on  disk.   When noikeep is specified, empty inode clusters are returned to
              the free space pool.  noikeep is the default.

       inode32|inode64
              When inode32 is specified, it indicates that XFS limits inode creation to locations
              which will not result in inode numbers with more than 32 bits of significance.

              When inode64 is specified, it indicates that XFS is allowed to create inodes at any
              location in the filesystem, including those which  will  result  in  inode  numbers
              occupying more than 32 bits of significance.

              inode32   is   provided   for   backwards  compatibility  with  older  systems  and
              applications,  since  64  bits  inode  numbers  might  cause  problems   for   some
              applications  that  cannot  handle large inode numbers.  If applications are in use
              which do not handle inode numbers bigger than 32 bits, the inode32 option should be
              specified.

              For kernel v3.7 and later, inode64 is the default.

       largeio|nolargeio
              If "nolargeio" is specified, the optimal I/O reported in st_blksize by stat(2) will
              be  as  small  as  possible  to  allow  user  applications  to  avoid   inefficient
              read/modify/write  I/O.  This is typically the page size of the machine, as this is
              the granularity of the page cache.

              If "largeio" specified, a filesystem that was created  with  a  "swidth"  specified
              will return the "swidth" value (in bytes) in st_blksize. If the filesystem does not
              have a "swidth" specified but does specify  an  "allocsize"  then  "allocsize"  (in
              bytes)  will  be  returned  instead.  Otherwise  the  behavior  is  the  same as if
              "nolargeio" was specified.  nolargeio is the default.

       logbufs=value
              Set the number of in-memory log buffers.  Valid numbers range from 2–8 inclusive.

              The default value is 8 buffers.

              If the memory cost of 8 log buffers is too high on small systems, then  it  may  be
              reduced  at  some cost to performance on metadata intensive workloads. The logbsize
              option below controls the size of each buffer and so is also relevant to this case.

       logbsize=value
              Set the size of each in-memory log buffer.  The size may be specified in bytes,  or
              in kibibytes (KiB) with a "k" suffix.  Valid sizes for version 1 and version 2 logs
              are 16384 (value=16k) and 32768 (value=32k).  Valid sizes for version 2  logs  also
              include  65536  (value=64k),  131072  (value=128k)  and  262144  (value=256k).  The
              logbsize must be an integer multiple of the log  stripe  unit  configured  at  mkfs
              time.

              The  default value for version 1 logs is 32768, while the default value for version
              2 logs is MAX(32768, log_sunit).

       logdev=device and rtdev=device
              Use an external log (metadata journal) and/or real-time device.  An XFS  filesystem
              has up to three parts: a data section, a log section, and a real-time section.  The
              real-time section is optional, and the log section can be separate  from  the  data
              section or contained within it.

       noalign
              Data  allocations  will  not  be  aligned  at  stripe unit boundaries. This is only
              relevant to filesystems created with non-zero  data  alignment  parameters  (sunit,
              swidth) by mkfs.

       norecovery
              The filesystem will be mounted without running log recovery.  If the filesystem was
              not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to be inconsistent when mounted in "norecovery"
              mode.    Some  files  or  directories  may  not  be  accessible  because  of  this.
              Filesystems mounted "norecovery" must be mounted read-only or the mount will fail.

       nouuid Don't check for double mounted file systems using the file system  uuid.   This  is
              useful  to  mount  LVM  snapshot  volumes,  and  often  used  in  combination  with
              "norecovery" for mounting read-only snapshots.

       noquota
              Forcibly turns off all quota accounting and enforcement within the filesystem.

       uquota/usrquota/quota/uqnoenforce/qnoenforce
              User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits  (optionally)  enforced.   Refer  to
              xfs_quota(8) for further details.

       gquota/grpquota/gqnoenforce
              Group  disk  quota  accounting  enabled and limits (optionally) enforced.  Refer to
              xfs_quota(8) for further details.

       pquota/prjquota/pqnoenforce
              Project disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally) enforced.   Refer  to
              xfs_quota(8) for further details.

       sunit=value and swidth=value
              Used  to  specify  the  stripe unit and width for a RAID device or a stripe volume.
              "value" must be specified in 512-byte block units. These options are only  relevant
              to filesystems that were created with non-zero data alignment parameters.

              The  sunit  and  swidth  parameters  specified must be compatible with the existing
              filesystem alignment characteristics.   In  general,  that  means  the  only  valid
              changes  to  sunit  are increasing it by a power-of-2 multiple. Valid swidth values
              are any integer multiple of a valid sunit value.

              Typically the only time these mount options are necessary if  after  an  underlying
              RAID  device  has  had it's geometry modified, such as adding a new disk to a RAID5
              lun and reshaping it.

       swalloc
              Data allocations will be rounded up to stripe width boundaries when the current end
              of file is being extended and the file size is larger than the stripe width size.

       wsync  When  specified,  all  filesystem  namespace operations are executed synchronously.
              This ensures that when the namespace operation (create, unlink, etc) completes, the
              change  to  the  namespace  is on stable storage. This is useful in HA setups where
              failover must not result in  clients  seeing  inconsistent  namespace  presentation
              during or after a failover event.

FILE ATTRIBUTES

       The  XFS  filesystem supports setting the following file attributes on Linux systems using
       the chattr(1) utility:

       a - append only

       A - no atime updates

       d - no dump

       i - immutable

       S - synchronous updates

       For descriptions of these attribute flags, please refer to the chattr(1) man page.

SEE ALSO

       chattr(1),  xfsctl(3),  mount(8),  mkfs.xfs(8),  xfs_info(8),  xfs_admin(8),   xfsdump(8),
       xfsrestore(8).

                                                                                           xfs(5)