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PROLOG

       This  manual  page  is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux implementation of
       this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux  manual  page  for  details  of
       Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME

       stdlib.h — standard library definitions

SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

DESCRIPTION

       Some  of  the  functionality  described on this reference page extends the ISO C standard.
       Applications shall define the appropriate feature test macro (see  the  System  Interfaces
       volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility
       of these symbols in this header.

       The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macros  which  shall  expand  to  integer
       constant expressions:

       EXIT_FAILURE
                   Unsuccessful termination for exit(); evaluates to a non-zero value.

       EXIT_SUCCESS
                   Successful termination for exit(); evaluates to 0.

       {RAND_MAX}  Maximum value returned by rand(); at least 32767.

       The  <stdlib.h>  header  shall define the following macro which shall expand to a positive
       integer expression with type size_t:

       {MB_CUR_MAX}
                   Maximum number of bytes  in  a  character  specified  by  the  current  locale
                   (category LC_CTYPE).

       The <stdlib.h> header shall define NULL as described in <stddef.h>.

       The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following data types through typedef:

       div_t       Structure type returned by the div() function.

       ldiv_t      Structure type returned by the ldiv() function.

       lldiv_t     Structure type returned by the lldiv() function.

       size_t      As described in <stddef.h>.

       wchar_t     As described in <stddef.h>.

       In  addition,  the  <stdlib.h>  header  shall  define the following symbolic constants and
       macros as described in <sys/wait.h>:

       WEXITSTATUS
       WIFEXITED
       WIFSIGNALED
       WIFSTOPPED
       WNOHANG
       WSTOPSIG
       WTERMSIG
       WUNTRACED

       The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as  macros.  Function
       prototypes shall be provided.

           void          _Exit(int);
           long          a64l(const char *);
           void          abort(void);
           int           abs(int);
           int           atexit(void (*)(void));
           double        atof(const char *);
           int           atoi(const char *);
           long          atol(const char *);
           long long     atoll(const char *);
           void         *bsearch(const void *, const void *, size_t, size_t,
                             int (*)(const void *, const void *));
           void         *calloc(size_t, size_t);
           div_t         div(int, int);
           double        drand48(void);
           double        erand48(unsigned short [3]);
           void          exit(int);
           void          free(void *);
           char         *getenv(const char *);
           int           getsubopt(char **, char *const *, char **);
           int           grantpt(int);
           char         *initstate(unsigned, char *, size_t);
           long          jrand48(unsigned short [3]);
           char         *l64a(long);
           long          labs(long);
           void          lcong48(unsigned short [7]);
           ldiv_t        ldiv(long, long);
           long long     llabs(long long);
           lldiv_t       lldiv(long long, long long);
           long          lrand48(void);
           void         *malloc(size_t);
           int           mblen(const char *, size_t);
           size_t        mbstowcs(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
           int           mbtowc(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
           char         *mkdtemp(char *);
           int           mkstemp(char *);
           long          mrand48(void);
           long          nrand48(unsigned short [3]);
           int           posix_memalign(void **, size_t, size_t);
           int           posix_openpt(int);
           char         *ptsname(int);
           int           putenv(char *);
           void          qsort(void *, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void *,
                             const void *));
           int           rand(void);
           int           rand_r(unsigned *);
           long          random(void);
           void         *realloc(void *, size_t);
           char         *realpath(const char *restrict, char *restrict);
           unsigned short *seed48(unsigned short [3]);
           int           setenv(const char *, const char *, int);
           void          setkey(const char *);
           char         *setstate(char *);
           void          srand(unsigned);
           void          srand48(long);
           void          srandom(unsigned);
           double        strtod(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
           float         strtof(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
           long          strtol(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
           long double   strtold(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
           long long     strtoll(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
           unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
           unsigned long long
                         strtoull(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
           int           system(const char *);
           int           unlockpt(int);
           int           unsetenv(const char *);
           size_t        wcstombs(char *restrict, const wchar_t *restrict, size_t);
           int           wctomb(char *, wchar_t);

       Inclusion  of  the  <stdlib.h>  header  may also make visible all symbols from <stddef.h>,
       <limits.h>, <math.h>, and <sys/wait.h>.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE

       None.

RATIONALE

       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

SEE ALSO

       <limits.h>, <math.h>, <stddef.h>, <sys_types.h>, <sys_wait.h>

       The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment,
       _Exit(), a64l(), abort(), abs(), atexit(), atof(), atoi(), atol(), bsearch(), calloc(),
       div(), drand48(), exit(), free(), getenv(), getsubopt(), grantpt(), initstate(), labs(),
       ldiv(), malloc(), mblen(), mbstowcs(), mbtowc(), mkdtemp(), posix_memalign(),
       posix_openpt(), ptsname(), putenv(), qsort(), rand(), realloc(), realpath(), setenv(),
       setkey(), strtod(), strtol(), strtoul(), system(), unlockpt(), unsetenv(), wcstombs(),
       wctomb()

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and  reproduced  in  electronic  form  from  IEEE  Std
       1003.1,  2013  Edition,  Standard  for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System
       Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013  by  the
       Institute  of  Electrical  and  Electronics  Engineers,  Inc and The Open Group.  (This is
       POSIX.1-2008 with the  2013  Technical  Corrigendum  1  applied.)  In  the  event  of  any
       discrepancy  between  this  version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the
       original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The  original  Standard
       can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any  typographical  or  formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have
       been introduced during the conversion of the source files to man page  format.  To  report
       such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .