NAME

       dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript

SYNOPSIS

       dvips [ options ] file[.dvi]

DESCRIPTION

       THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE!  See the Texinfo documentation instead.  You
       can read it either in Emacs or with the standalone info  program  which
       comes      with      the      GNU      texinfo      distribution     as
       prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo*.tar.gz.

       The program dvips takes a DVI file file[.dvi] produced by  TeX  (or  by
       some  other  processor  such as GFtoDVI) and converts it to PostScript,
       normally sending the result directly to the  (laser)printer.   The  DVI
       file  may  be  specified  without  the  .dvi extension.  Fonts used may
       either be resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files, or
       a  ‘virtual’ combination of both.  If the mktexpk program is installed,
       dvips will automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts  that  don’t
       already exist.

       For  more  information, see the Texinfo manual dvips.texi, which should
       be installed somewhere on your system, hopefully accessible through the
       standard Info tree.

OPTIONS

       -a     Conserve  memory  by  making  three  passes  over  the .dvi file
              instead of two and only loading those characters actually  used.
              Generally  only useful on machines with a very limited amount of
              memory, like some PCs.

       -A     Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -b num Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page  body
              rather  than using the #numcopies option.  This can be useful in
              conjunction with a header file setting  op-hook  to  do  color
              separations or other neat tricks.

       -B     Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -c num Generate num copies of every page.  Default is 1.  (For collated
              copies, see the -C option below.)

       -C num Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in  the
              PostScript  file).  Slower than the -c option, but easier on the
              hands, and faster than resubmitting  the  same  PostScript  file
              multiple times.

       -d num Set  the  debug flags.  This is intended only for emergencies or
              for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only if dvips
              has  been  compiled  with  the DEBUG option.  If nonzero, prints
              additional information on standard error.  The number  is  taken
              as  a set of independent bits.  The meaning of each bit follows.
              1=specials;  2=paths;  4=fonts;  8=pages;  16=headers;   32=font
              compression;  64=files;  128=memory; 256=Kpathsea stat(2) calls;
              512=Kpathsea hash  table  lookups;  1024=Kpathsea  path  element
              expansion;  2048=Kpathsea  searches.  To trace everything having
              to do with file searching and opening, use 3650 (2048 +  1024  +
              512 + 64 + 2). To track all classes, you can use ‘-1’ (output is
              extremely voluminous).

       -D num Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num.  This  affects
              the  choice  of  bitmap  fonts  that  are  loaded  and  also the
              positioning of letters in resident  PostScript  fonts.  Must  be
              between  10  and  10000.   This  affects both the horizontal and
              vertical resolution.  If a high  resolution  (something  greater
              than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the -Z flag should probably also
              be used.

       -e num Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels
              from its ‘true’ resolution-independent position on the page. The
              default  value  of  this  parameter  is  resolution   dependent.
              Allowing  individual  characters to ‘drift’ from their correctly
              rounded positions by a few  pixels,  while  regaining  the  true
              position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing
              of letters in words.

       -E     makes dvips attempt to  generate  an  EPSF  file  with  a  tight
              bounding  box.   This  only works on one-page files, and it only
              looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by any included
              graphics.   In  addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the tfm
              file, so characters that lie outside their enclosing tfm box may
              confuse  it.   In  addition, the bounding box might be a bit too
              loose if the character glyph has significant left or right  side
              bearings.   Nonetheless,  this  option  works  well for creating
              small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like.  (Note, of
              course,  that dvips output is resolution dependent and thus does
              not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images  are  to
              be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of care.)

       -f     Run  as  a  filter.   Read the .dvi file from standard input and
              write the PostScript to standard  output.   The  standard  input
              must  be  seekable,  so  it cannot be a pipe.  If you must use a
              pipe, write a shell script that copies  the  pipe  output  to  a
              temporary  file and then points dvips at this file.  This option
              also disables the automatic reading of the  PRINTER  environment
              variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D if it
              was turned on with the -F option or in the  configuration  file;
              use -F after this option if you want both.

       -F     Causes  Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very last
              character of the PostScript file.  This is useful when dvips  is
              driving  the  printer  directly  instead  of  working  through a
              spooler, as is common on extremely small systems.  NOTE! DO  NOT
              USE THIS OPTION!

       -G     Causes dvips to shift non-printing characters to higher-numbered
              positions.  This may be useful sometimes.

       -h name
              Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the
              name  is  simply ‘-’ suppress all header files from the output.)
              This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict.

       -i     Make  each  section  be  a   separate   file.    Under   certain
              circumstances,  dvips will split the document up into ‘sections’
              to be processed independently;  this  is  most  often  done  for
              memory  reasons.   Using  this  option tells dvips to place each
              section into a separate file; the new  file  names  are  created
              replacing  the  suffix  of  the  supplied  output file name by a
              three-digit sequence number.  This option is most often used  in
              conjunction  with  the  -S option which sets the maximum section
              length in pages.  For  instance,  some  phototypesetters  cannot
              print  more  than ten or so consecutive pages before running out
              of steam; these options can be used  to  automatically  split  a
              book into ten-page sections, each to its own file.

       -j     Download  only  needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
              default in the current release.  Some debugging flags trace this
              operation.   You  can also control partial downloading on a per-
              font basis, via the psfonts.map file.

       -k     Print crop marks.  This option increases the paper  size  (which
              should  be  specified,  either with a paper size special or with
              the -T option) by a half inch in each dimension.  It  translates
              each  page  by  a quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks.
              It is mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page  size
              automatically.

       -K     This  option  causes  comments  in included PostScript graphics,
              font files, and  headers  to  be  removed.   This  is  sometimes
              necessary  to  get  around  bugs in spoolers or PostScript post-
              processing programs.  Specifically, the  %%Page  comments,  when
              left  in,  often cause difficulties.  Use of this flag can cause
              some included graphics to  fail,  since  the  PostScript  header
              macros  from  some  software packages read portions of the input
              stream line by line, searching for a particular  comment.   This
              option  has  been  turned  off  by  default  because  PostScript
              previewers and spoolers have been getting better.

       -l num The last page printed will be the first one numbered num Default
              is  the last page in the document.  If the num is prefixed by an
              equals sign, then it (and any argument  to  the  -p  option)  is
              treated  as  a  sequence  number, rather than a value to compare
              with