NAME

       ispell,  buildhash,  munchlist,  findaffix, tryaffix, icombine, ijoin -
       Interactive spelling checking

SYNOPSIS

       ispell [common-flags] [-M|-N] [-Lcontext] [-V] files
       ispell [common-flags] -l
       ispell [common-flags] [-f file] [-s] {-a|-A}
       ispell [-d file] [-w chars] -c
       ispell [-d file] [-w chars] -e[e]
       ispell [-d file] -D
       ispell -v[v]

       common-flags:
              [-t] [-n] [-h] [-b] [-x] [-B] [-C] [-P] [-m] [-S] [-d file]  [-p
              file] [-w chars] [-W n] [-T type]

       buildhash [-s] dict-file affix-file hash-file
       buildhash -s count affix-file

       munchlist [-l aff-file] [-c conv-file] [-T suffix]
                 [-s hash-file] [-D] [-v] [-w chars] [files]

       findaffix [-p|-s] [-f] [-c] [-m min] [-M max] [-e elim]
                 [-t tabchar] [-l low] [files]

       tryaffix [-p|-s] [-c] expanded-file affix[+addition]

       icombine [-T type] [aff-file]

       ijoin [-s|-u] join-options file1 file2

DESCRIPTION

       Ispell  is fashioned after the spell program from ITS (called ispell on
       Twenex systems.)  The most common usage is "ispell filename".  In  this
       case,  ispell  will  display  each  word  which  does not appear in the
       dictionary at the top of the screen and allow you  to  change  it.   If
       there are "near misses" in the dictionary (words which differ by only a
       single letter, a missing or extra letter, a pair of transposed letters,
       or  a  missing  space  or  hyphen),  then  they  are  also displayed on
       following lines.  As well as "near misses", ispell  may  display  other
       guesses  at  ways  to  make the word from a known root, with each guess
       preceded by question marks.  Finally, the line containing the word  and
       the  previous  line  are  printed at the bottom of the screen.  If your
       terminal can display in reverse video, the word itself is  highlighted.
       You  have  the option of replacing the word completely, or choosing one
       of the suggested words.  Commands  are  single  characters  as  follows
       (case is ignored):

              R      Replace the misspelled word completely.

              Space  Accept the word this time only.

              A      Accept the word for the rest of this ispell session.

              I      Accept  the  word,  capitalized as it is in the file, and
                     update private dictionary.

              U      Accept the word, and add an uncapitalized (actually,  all
                     lower-case) version to the private dictionary.

              0-n    Replace with one of the suggested words.

              L      Look  up  words  in  system dictionary (controlled by the
                     WORDS compilation option).

              X      Write the rest of this file, ignoring  misspellings,  and
                     start next file.

              Q      Exit immediately and leave the file unchanged.

              !      Shell escape.

              ^L     Redraw screen.

              ^Z     Suspend ispell.

              ?      Give help screen.

       If  the  -M  switch is specified, a one-line mini-menu at the bottom of
       the screen will summarize these options.  Conversely, the -N switch may
       be  used  to  suppress  the  mini-menu.   (The minimenu is displayed by
       default if ispell was compiled with the MINIMENU option, but these  two
       switches will always override the default).

       If  the -L flag is given, the specified number is used as the number of
       lines of context to be shown at the bottom of the screen  (The  default
       is  to  calculate  the amount of context as a certain percentage of the
       screen size).  The amount of context is  subject  to  a  system-imposed
       limit.

       If  the  -V  flag  is  given, characters that are not in the 7-bit ANSI
       printable character set will always be displayed in the style  of  "cat
       -v",  even if ispell thinks that these characters are legal ISO Latin-1
       on your system.  This is useful  when  working  with  older  terminals.
       Without  this  switch,  ispell will display 8-bit characters "as is" if
       they have been defined as string characters for the chosen file type.

       "Normal" mode, as well as the -l, -a, and -A options (see  below)  also
       accepts the following "common" flags on the command line:

              -t     The input file is in TeX or LaTeX format.

              -n     The input file is in nroff/troff format.

              -h     The  input  file is in html format.  (This works well for
                     XML and SGML format, too.)

              -g     The input file is in Debian control file format.   Ispell
                     will ignore everything outside the Description(s).

              -b     Create  a  backup file by appending ".bak" to the name of
                     the input file.

              -x     Don’t keep the backup file  (it  is  still  created  when
                     changes are made).

              -B     Report run-together words with missing blanks as spelling
                     errors.

              -C     Consider run-together words as legal compounds.

              -P     Don’t generate extra root/affix combinations.

              -m     Make possible root/affix combinations that aren’t in  the
                     dictionary.

              -S     Sort the list of guesses by probable correctness.

              -d file
                     Specify  an  alternate dictionary file.  For example, use
                     -d british to  choose  /usr/lib/ispell/british.{aff|hash}
                     instead of your default ispell dictionary.

              -p file
                     Specify an alternate personal dictionary.

              -w chars
                     Specify additional characters that can be part of a word.

              -W n   Specify length of words that are always legal.

              -T type
                     Assume a given formatter type for all files.

       The -n and -t options select whether ispell runs in nroff/troff (-n) or
       TeX/LaTeX  (-t)  input  mode  (This  does  not work for html (-h) mode.
       However html-mode is assumed for any files with  a  ".html"  or  ".htm"
       extension  unless  nroff/troff  or TeX/LaTeX modes have been explicitly
       defined).   (The  default  mode  is  controlled   by   the   DEFTEXFLAG
       installation option.)  TeX/LaTeX mode is also automatically selected if
       an input file has the extension ".tex", unless  overridden  by  the  -n
       switch.  In TeX/LaTeX mode, whenever a backslash ("\") is found, ispell
       will skip to the  next  whitespace  or  TeX/LaTeX  delimiter.   Certain
       commands  contain arguments which should not be checked, such as labels
       and reference keys as are  found  in  the