Provided by: devscripts_2.20.2ubuntu2_amd64 bug

NAME

       debuild - build a Debian package

SYNOPSIS

       debuild [debuild options] [dpkg-buildpackage options] [--lintian-opts lintian options]
       debuild [debuild options] -- binary|binary-arch|binary-indep|clean ...

DESCRIPTION

       debuild  creates  all  the  files necessary for uploading a Debian package.  It first runs
       dpkg-buildpackage, then runs lintian on the .changes file created (assuming  that  lintian
       is  installed),  and  finally  signs  the  appropriate  files (using debsign(1) to do this
       instead of dpkg-buildpackage(1) itself; all relevant key-signing options are  passed  on).
       Signing  will  be  skipped  if  the distribution is UNRELEASED, unless dpkg-buildpackage's
       --force-sign option is used.  Parameters can be passed to dpkg-buildpackage  and  lintian,
       where  the  parameters  to  the  latter are indicated with the --lintian-opts option.  The
       allowable options in this case are --lintian and --no-lintian to force or skip the lintian
       step,  respectively.  The  default  is  to  run  lintian.   There are also various options
       available for setting and preserving environment variables,  as  described  below  in  the
       Environment  Variables  section.   In this method of running debuild, we also save a build
       log to the file ../<package>_<version>_<arch>.build.

       An alternative way of using debuild is to use  one  or  more  of  the  parameters  binary,
       binary-arch,  binary-indep  and  clean,  in  which  case debuild will attempt to gain root
       privileges and then run debian/rules with the given  parameters.   A  --rootcmd=gain-root-
       command  or  -rgain-root-command  option  may  be used to specify a method of gaining root
       privileges.  The gain-root-command is likely to be one of fakeroot, sudo  or  super.   See
       below  for  further discussion of this point.  Again, the environment preservation options
       may be used.  In this case, debuild will also attempt to  run  dpkg-checkbuilddeps  first;
       this can be explicitly requested or switched off using the options -D and -d respectively.
       Note also that if either of these or a -r option is specified in  the  configuration  file
       option  DEBUILD_DPKG_BUILDPACKAGE_OPTS,  then it will be recognised even in this method of
       invocation of debuild.

       debuild also reads the devscripts configuration files as  described  below.   This  allows
       default options to be given.

Directory name checking

       In  common  with  several  other scripts in the devscripts package, debuild will climb the
       directory tree until it finds a debian/changelog  file  before  attempting  to  build  the
       package.   As  a safeguard against stray files causing potential problems, it will examine
       the name of the parent directory once it finds the debian/changelog file, and  check  that
       the  directory  name  corresponds  to  the  package  name.   Precisely how it does this is
       controlled  by  two  configuration  file  variables   DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_LEVEL   and
       DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_REGEX,  and  their  corresponding  command-line  options --check-
       dirname-level and --check-dirname-regex.

       DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_LEVEL can take the following values:

       0      Never check the directory name.

       1      Only check the directory name if we have had to change directory in our search  for
              debian/changelog.  This is the default behaviour.

       2      Always check the directory name.

       The directory name is checked by testing whether the current directory name (as determined
       by   pwd(1))   matches   the   regex   given   by   the    configuration    file    option
       DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_REGEX  or by the command line option --check-dirname-regex regex.
       Here regex is a Perl regex (see perlre(3perl)), which will be anchored  at  the  beginning
       and  the  end.   If  regex contains a '/', then it must match the full directory path.  If
       not, then it must match the full directory name.  If regex contains the string  ´PACKAGE',
       this  will  be replaced by the source package name, as determined from the changelog.  The
       default value for the regex is: ´PACKAGE(-.+)?', thus matching  directory  names  such  as
       PACKAGE and PACKAGE-version.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       As  environment  variables  can  affect  the building of a package, often unintentionally,
       debuild sanitises the environment by removing all environment variables except  for  TERM,
       HOME,  LOGNAME,  GNUPGHOME,  PGPPATH,  GPG_AGENT_INFO,  GPG_TTY, DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS,
       FAKEROOTKEY, DEBEMAIL, DEB_*, the (C, CPP, CXX, LD and F)FLAGS variables and their _APPEND
       counterparts  and  the  locale  variables  LANG  and LC_*.  TERM is set to `dumb' if it is
       unset, and PATH is set to "/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11".

       If a particular environment variable is required to be passed  through  untouched  to  the
       build  process,  this may be specified by using a --preserve-envvar envvar (which can also
       be written as -e envvar option).  The environment may  be  left  untouched  by  using  the
       --preserve-env option.  However, even in this case, the PATH will be set to the sane value
       described above.  The only  way  to  prevent  PATH  from  being  reset  is  to  specify  a
       --preserve-envvar  PATH  option.  But you are warned that using programs from non-standard
       locations can easily result in the package being broken, as it will  not  be  able  to  be
       built on standard systems.

       Note  that  one  may  add  directories  to  the beginning of the sanitised PATH, using the
       --prepend-path option. This is useful when one wishes to  use  tools  such  as  ccache  or
       distcc for building.

       It  is  also  possible  to  avoid  having to type something like FOO=bar debuild -e FOO by
       writing debuild -e FOO=bar or the long form debuild --set-envvar FOO=bar.

SUPERUSER REQUIREMENTS

       debuild needs to be run as superuser to function properly.  There are three  fundamentally
       different  ways to do this.  The first, and preferable, method is to use some root-gaining
       command.  The best one to use is probably fakeroot(1), since it does not involve  granting
       any  genuine  privileges.   super(1)  and  sudo(1)  are  also possibilities.  If no -r (or
       --rootcmd) option is given (and recall that dpkg-buildpackage also accepts  a  -r  option)
       and neither of the following methods is used, then -rfakeroot will silently be assumed.

       The  second  method  is  to  use some command such as su(1) to become root, and then to do
       everything as root.  Note, though, that lintian will abort if it is run as root or  setuid
       root;  this  can be overcome using the --allow-root option of lintian if you know what you
       are doing.

       The third possible method is to have debuild installed as setuid root.  This  is  not  the
       default  method,  and  will  have to be installed as such by the system administrator.  It
       must also be realised that anyone who can run debuild as root  or  setuid  root  has  full
       access  to  the  whole  machine.  This method is therefore not recommended, but will work.
       debuild could be installed with mode 4754, so that only members of the owning group  could
       run it.  A disadvantage of this method would be that other users would then not be able to
       use the program.  There are many other variants of this option involving  multiple  copies
       of debuild, or the use of programs such as sudo or super to grant root privileges to users
       selectively.  If the sysadmin wishes to do this,  she  should  use  the  dpkg-statoverride
       program  to  change  the  permissions  of  /usr/bin/debuild.   This will ensure that these
       permissions are preserved across upgrades.

HOOKS

       debuild supports a number of hooks when running dpkg-buildpackage.  Note  that  the  hooks
       dpkg-buildpackage to lintian (inclusive) are passed through to dpkg-buildpackage using its
       corresponding --hook-name option.  The available hooks are as follows:

       dpkg-buildpackage-hook
              Run before dpkg-buildpackage begins by calling dpkg-checkbuilddeps.

              Hook is run inside the unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's init hook.

       clean-hook
              Run before dpkg-buildpackage runs debian/rules clean  to  clean  the  source  tree.
              (Run even if the tree is not being cleaned because -nc is used.)

              Hook is run inside the unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's preclean hook.

       dpkg-source-hook
              Run  after  cleaning  the  tree and before running dpkg-source.  (Run even if dpkg-
              source is not being called because -b, -B, or -A is used.)

              Hook is run inside the unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's source hook.

       dpkg-build-hook
              Run after dpkg-source and before calling debian/rules build.  (Run even if this  is
              a source-only build, so debian/rules build is not being called.)

              Hook is run inside the unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's build hook.

       dpkg-binary-hook
              Run  between  debian/rules  build  and  debian/rules  binary(-arch).  Run only if a
              binary package is being built.

              Hook is run inside the unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's binary hook.

       dpkg-genchanges-hook
              Run after the binary package is built and before calling dpkg-genchanges.

              Hook is run inside the unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's changes hook.

       final-clean-hook
              Run after dpkg-genchanges and before the final debian/rules clean.  (Run even if we
              are not cleaning the tree post-build, which is the default.)

              Hook is run inside the unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's postclean hook.

       lintian-hook
              Run (once) before calling lintian.  (Run even if we are not calling lintian.)

              Hook is run from parent directory of unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's check hook.

       signing-hook
              Run  after calling lintian before any signing takes place.  (Run even if we are not
              signing anything.)

              Hook is run from parent directory of unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's sign hook, but is run by debuild.

       post-dpkg-buildpackage-hook
              Run after everything has finished.

              Hook is run from parent directory of unpacked source.

              Corresponds to dpkg's done hook, but is run by debuild.

       A hook command can be  specified  either  in  the  configuration  file  as,  for  example,
       DEBUILD_SIGNING_HOOK='foo'  (note  the  hyphens  change into underscores!) or as a command
       line option --signing-hook-foo.  The command will have certain percent substitutions  made
       on it: %% will be replaced by a single % sign, %p will be replaced by the package name, %v
       by the package version number, %s by the source version number, %u by the upstream version
       number.   Neither  %s  nor  %u  will  contain  an  epoch.  %a will be 1 if the immediately
       following action is to be performed and 0 if not (for example, in the dpkg-source hook, %a
       will  become  1  if dpkg-source is to be run and 0 if not).  Then it will be handed to the
       shell to deal with, so it can include redirections and stuff.  For example,  to  only  run
       the  dpkg-source hook if dpkg-source is to be run, the hook could be something like: "if [
       %a -eq 1 ]; then ...; fi".

       Please take care with hooks, as misuse of them can lead to packages which FTBFS  (fail  to
       build from source).  They can be useful for taking snapshots of things or the like.

OPTIONS

       For details, see above.

       --no-conf, --noconf
              Do  not  read  any  configuration files.  This can only be used as the first option
              given on the command-line.

       --rootcmd=gain-root-command, -rgain-root-command
              Command to gain root (or fake root) privileges.

       --preserve-env
              Do not clean the environment, except for PATH.

       --preserve-envvar=var, -evar
              Do not clean the var variable from the environment.

              If var ends in an asterisk ("*") then all  variables  with  names  that  match  the
              portion of var before the asterisk will be preserved.

       --set-envvar=var=value, -evar=value
              Set  the  environment  variable  var  to  value  and  do  not  remove  it  from the
              environment.

       --prepend-path=value
              Once the normalized PATH has been set, prepend value to it.

       --lintian
              Run lintian after  dpkg-buildpackage.   This  is  the  default  behaviour,  and  it
              overrides any configuration file directive to the contrary.

       --no-lintian
              Do not run lintian after dpkg-buildpackage.

       --no-tgz-check
              Even  if  we're  running  dpkg-buildpackage  and  the  version  number has a Debian
              revision, do not check that the .orig.tar.gz file or .orig directory exists  before
              starting the build.

       --tgz-check
              If  we're  running  dpkg-buildpackage and the version number has a Debian revision,
              check that the .orig.tar.gz file or .orig  directory  exists  before  starting  the
              build.  This is the default behaviour.

       --username username
              When  signing, use debrsign instead of debsign.  username specifies the credentials
              to be used.

       --foo-hook=hook
              Set a hook as described above.  If hook is blank, this unsets the hook.

       --clear-hooks
              Clears all hooks.  They may be reinstated by later command line options.

       --check-dirname-level N
              See the above section Directory name checking for an explanation of this option.

       --check-dirname-regex regex
              See the above section Directory name checking for an explanation of this option.

       -d     Do not run dpkg-checkbuilddeps to check build dependencies.

       -D     Run dpkg-checkbuilddeps to check build dependencies.

CONFIGURATION VARIABLES

       The two configuration files /etc/devscripts.conf and ~/.devscripts are sourced by a  shell
       in  that  order  to  set  configuration  variables.   Command  line options can be used to
       override some of these configuration file settings, otherwise the --no-conf option can  be
       used to prevent reading these files.  Environment variable settings are ignored when these
       configuration files are read.  The currently recognised variables are:

       DEBUILD_PRESERVE_ENV
              If this is set to yes, then it is the  same  as  the  --preserve-env  command  line
              parameter being used.

       DEBUILD_PRESERVE_ENVVARS
              Which  environment variables to preserve.  This should be a comma-separated list of
              variables.  This corresponds to using possibly  multiple  --preserve-envvar  or  -e
              options.

       DEBUILD_SET_ENVVAR_var=value
              This corresponds to --set-envvar=var=value.

       DEBUILD_PREPEND_PATH
              This corresponds to --prepend-path.

       DEBUILD_ROOTCMD
              Setting this variable to prog is the equivalent of -rprog.

       DEBUILD_TGZ_CHECK
              Setting this variable to no is the same as the --no-tgz-check command line option.

       DEBUILD_SIGNING_USERNAME
              Setting this variable is the same as using the --username command line option.

       DEBUILD_DPKG_BUILDPACKAGE_OPTS
              These  are  options  which should be passed to the invocation of dpkg-buildpackage.
              They are given before any command-line options.  Due to issues of shell quoting, if
              a  word  containing  spaces  is  required  as a single option, extra quotes will be
              required.  For example, to ensure that your own GPG key is always  used,  even  for
              sponsored uploads, the configuration file might contain the line:

              DEBUILD_DPKG_BUILDPACKAGE_OPTS="-k'Julian Gilbey <jdg@debian.org>' -sa"

              which  gives  precisely  two  options.   Without  the  extra  single  quotes, dpkg-
              buildpackage would reasonably complain that Gilbey is an  unrecognised  option  (it
              doesn't start with a - sign).

              Also,  if this option contains any -r, -d or -D options, these will always be taken
              account of by debuild.  Note that a -r option in this variable  will  override  the
              setting in DEBUILD_ROOTCMD.

       DEBUILD_FOO_HOOK
              The  hook  variable  for  the  foo  hook.   See the section on hooks above for more
              details.  By default, this is empty.

       DEBUILD_LINTIAN
              Should we run lintian?  If this is set to no, then lintian will not be run.

       DEBUILD_LINTIAN_OPTS
              These are options which should be passed to the invocation of  lintian.   They  are
              given  before  any  command-line  options,  and  the  usage  of this variable is as
              described for the DEBUILD_DPKG_BUILDPACKAGE_OPTS variable.

       DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_LEVEL, DEVSCRIPTS_CHECK_DIRNAME_REGEX
              See the  above  section  Directory  name  checking  for  an  explanation  of  these
              variables.   Note  that  these  are  package-wide configuration variables, and will
              therefore affect all devscripts scripts which check their value,  as  described  in
              their respective manpages and in devscripts.conf(5).

EXAMPLES

       To  build  your  own  package,  simply  run  debuild  from  inside the source tree.  dpkg-
       buildpackage(1) options may be given on the command line.

       The typical command line options to build only the binary package(s) without  signing  the
       .changes file (or the non-existent .dsc file):

              debuild -i -us -uc -b

       Change the -b to -S to build only a source package.

       An example using lintian to check the resulting packages and passing options to it:

              debuild --lintian-opts -i

       Note the order of options here: the debuild options come first, then the dpkg-buildpackage
       ones, then finally the checker options.  (And lintian is called by default.)  If you  find
       yourself   using  the  same  dpkg-buildpackage  options  repeatedly,  consider  using  the
       DEBUILD_DPKG_BUILDPACKAGE_OPTS configuration file option as described above.

       To build a package for a sponsored  upload,  given  foobar_1.0-1.dsc  and  the  respective
       source files, run something like the following commands:

              dpkg-source -x foobar_1.0-1.dsc
              cd foobar-1.0
              debuild -k0x12345678

       where 0x12345678 is replaced by your GPG key ID or other key identifier such as your email
       address.  Again, you could also use the DEBUILD_DPKG_BUILDPACKAGE_OPTS configuration  file
       option  as  described  above  to  avoid  having  to  type the -k option each time you do a
       sponsored upload.

SEE ALSO

       chmod(1),   debsign(1),   dpkg-buildpackage(1),    dpkg-checkbuilddeps(1),    fakeroot(1),
       lintian(1), su(1), sudo(1), super(1), devscripts.conf(5), dpkg-statoverride(8)

AUTHOR

       The  original debuild program was written by Christoph Lameter <clameter@debian.org>.  The
       current version has been written by Julian Gilbey <jdg@debian.org>.