Provided by: gpg_2.2.19-3ubuntu2.2_amd64 bug

NAME

       gpg - OpenPGP encryption and signing tool

SYNOPSIS

       gpg [--homedir dir] [--options file] [options] command [args]

DESCRIPTION

       gpg  is the OpenPGP part of the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG). It is a tool to provide digital
       encryption and signing services using the OpenPGP  standard.  gpg  features  complete  key
       management  and  all  the  bells  and  whistles  you  would  expect  from  a  full OpenPGP
       implementation.

       There are two main versions of GnuPG: GnuPG 1.x and GnuPG 2.x.  GnuPG 2.x supports  modern
       encryption  algorithms  and thus should be preferred over GnuPG 1.x.  You only need to use
       GnuPG 1.x if your platform doesn't support  GnuPG  2.x,  or  you  need  support  for  some
       features that GnuPG 2.x has deprecated, e.g., decrypting data created with PGP-2 keys.

       If  you  are looking for version 1 of GnuPG, you may find that version installed under the
       name gpg1.

RETURN VALUE

       The program returns 0 if everything was fine, 1 if at least a signature was bad, and other
       error codes for fatal errors.

WARNINGS

       Use a *good* password for your user account and a *good* passphrase to protect your secret
       key. This passphrase is the weakest part of the whole system. Programs  to  do  dictionary
       attacks  on  your  secret  keyring  are  very easy to write and so you should protect your
       "~/.gnupg/" directory very well.

       Keep in mind that, if this program is used over a network (telnet), it is *very*  easy  to
       spy out your passphrase!

       If you are going to verify detached signatures, make sure that the program knows about it;
       either give both filenames on the command line or use ‘-’ to specify STDIN.

       For scripted or other unattended use  of  gpg  make  sure  to  use  the  machine-parseable
       interface  and  not the default interface which is intended for direct use by humans.  The
       machine-parseable interface provides a stable and well documented API independent  of  the
       locale  or  future changes of gpg.  To enable this interface use the options --with-colons
       and --status-fd.  For certain operations the option --command-fd may come handy too.   See
       this  man  page  and the file ‘DETAILS’ for the specification of the interface.  Note that
       the GnuPG ``info'' pages as well as the PDF version of the GnuPG manual features a chapter
       on  unattended  use  of GnuPG.  As an alternative the library GPGME can be used as a high-
       level abstraction on top of that interface.

INTEROPERABILITY

       GnuPG tries to be a very flexible implementation of the OpenPGP standard.  In  particular,
       GnuPG implements many of the optional parts of the standard, such as the SHA-512 hash, and
       the ZLIB and BZIP2 compression algorithms. It is  important  to  be  aware  that  not  all
       OpenPGP programs implement these optional algorithms and that by forcing their use via the
       --cipher-algo, --digest-algo, --cert-digest-algo, or --compress-algo options in GnuPG,  it
       is  possible  to  create a perfectly valid OpenPGP message, but one that cannot be read by
       the intended recipient.

       There are dozens of variations of OpenPGP programs available, and each supports a slightly
       different subset of these optional algorithms.  For example, until recently, no (unhacked)
       version of PGP supported the BLOWFISH cipher algorithm. A message  using  BLOWFISH  simply
       could  not  be read by a PGP user. By default, GnuPG uses the standard OpenPGP preferences
       system that will always do the right thing and create messages  that  are  usable  by  all
       recipients,  regardless of which OpenPGP program they use. Only override this safe default
       if you really know what you are doing.

       If you absolutely must override the safe default, or if the preferences on a given key are
       invalid  for  some  reason,  you  are  far  better off using the --pgp6, --pgp7, or --pgp8
       options. These options are safe  as  they  do  not  force  any  particular  algorithms  in
       violation of OpenPGP, but rather reduce the available algorithms to a "PGP-safe" list.

COMMANDS

       Commands  are  not distinguished from options except for the fact that only one command is
       allowed.  Generally speaking, irrelevant options are silently  ignored,  and  may  not  be
       checked for correctness.

       gpg may be run with no commands. In this case it will print a warning perform a reasonable
       action depending on the type of file it  is  given  as  input  (an  encrypted  message  is
       decrypted, a signature is verified, a file containing keys is listed, etc.).

       If  you  run  into  any problems, please add the option --verbose to the invocation to see
       more diagnostics.

   Commands not specific to the function

       --version
              Print the  program  version  and  licensing  information.   Note  that  you  cannot
              abbreviate this command.

       --help
       -h     Print  a usage message summarizing the most useful command-line options.  Note that
              you cannot arbitrarily abbreviate this command (though you can use its  short  form
              -h).

       --warranty
              Print warranty information.

       --dump-options
              Print  a  list  of  all  available  options  and  commands.   Note  that you cannot
              abbreviate this command.

   Commands to select the type of operation

       --sign
       -s     Sign a message. This command may be combined with --encrypt (to sign and encrypt  a
              message),  --symmetric  (to  sign  and  symmetrically  encrypt  a message), or both
              --encrypt and --symmetric (to sign and encrypt a  message  that  can  be  decrypted
              using  a  secret key or a passphrase).  The signing key is chosen by default or can
              be set explicitly using the --local-user and --default-key options.

       --clear-sign
       --clearsign
              Make a cleartext signature.  The content  in  a  cleartext  signature  is  readable
              without  any  special  software.  OpenPGP  software  is  only  needed to verify the
              signature.  cleartext signatures may modify  end-of-line  whitespace  for  platform
              independence  and  are not intended to be reversible.  The signing key is chosen by
              default or can be set explicitly using the --local-user and --default-key options.

       --detach-sign
       -b     Make a detached signature.

       --encrypt
       -e     Encrypt data to one or more public keys. This command may be combined  with  --sign
              (to  sign  and  encrypt  a  message), --symmetric (to encrypt a message that can be
              decrypted using a secret key or a passphrase), or --sign and  --symmetric  together
              (for  a  signed  message that can be decrypted using a secret key or a passphrase).
              --recipient and related options specify which public keys to use for encryption.

       --symmetric
       -c     Encrypt with a symmetric cipher using a passphrase. The  default  symmetric  cipher
              used  is AES-128, but may be chosen with the --cipher-algo option. This command may
              be combined with  --sign  (for  a  signed  and  symmetrically  encrypted  message),
              --encrypt  (for  a message that may be decrypted via a secret key or a passphrase),
              or --sign and --encrypt together (for a signed message that may be decrypted via  a
              secret  key  or  a  passphrase).   gpg  caches  the  passphrase  used for symmetric
              encryption so that a decrypt operation may not require that the user needs to enter
              the passphrase.  The option --no-symkey-cache can be used to disable this feature.

       --store
              Store only (make a simple literal data packet).

       --decrypt
       -d     Decrypt  the  file given on the command line (or STDIN if no file is specified) and
              write it to STDOUT (or the file specified with --output). If the decrypted file  is
              signed,  the  signature  is  also  verified.  This command differs from the default
              operation, as it never writes to the filename which is included in the file and  it
              rejects files that don't begin with an encrypted message.

       --verify
              Assume  that  the  first argument is a signed file and verify it without generating
              any output.  With no arguments, the signature packet is read from STDIN.   If  only
              one  argument  is  given,  the  specified  file  is  expected to include a complete
              signature.

              With more than one argument, the first  argument  should  specify  a  file  with  a
              detached  signature and the remaining files should contain the signed data. To read
              the signed data from STDIN, use ‘-’ as the second filename.  For security  reasons,
              a detached signature will not read the signed material from STDIN if not explicitly
              specified.

              Note: If the option --batch is not used, gpg may assume that a single argument is a
              file  with  a  detached  signature, and it will try to find a matching data file by
              stripping certain suffixes.  Using this historical feature  to  verify  a  detached
              signature  is  strongly  discouraged;  you  should  always  specify  the  data file
              explicitly.

              Note: When verifying a cleartext signature, gpg verifies only  what  makes  up  the
              cleartext  signed data and not any extra data outside of the cleartext signature or
              the header lines directly following the dash marker line.  The option --output  may
              be used to write out the actual signed data, but there are other pitfalls with this
              format as well.  It is suggested to avoid cleartext signatures in favor of detached
              signatures.

              Note:  Sometimes the use of the gpgv tool is easier than using the full-fledged gpg
              with this option.  gpgv is designed to  compare  signed  data  against  a  list  of
              trusted  keys  and  returns with success only for a good signature.  It has its own
              manual page.

       --multifile
              This modifies certain other commands to accept multiple files for processing on the
              command  line or read from STDIN with each filename on a separate line. This allows
              for many files to be processed at once. --multifile may  currently  be  used  along
              with  --verify, --encrypt, and --decrypt. Note that --multifile --verify may not be
              used with detached signatures.

       --verify-files
              Identical to --multifile --verify.

       --encrypt-files
              Identical to --multifile --encrypt.

       --decrypt-files
              Identical to --multifile --decrypt.

       --list-keys
       -k
       --list-public-keys
              List the specified keys.  If  no  keys  are  specified,  then  all  keys  from  the
              configured public keyrings are listed.

              Never  use  the output of this command in scripts or other programs.  The output is
              intended only for humans and its format is likely  to  change.   The  --with-colons
              option  emits  the  output in a stable, machine-parseable format, which is intended
              for use by scripts and other programs.

       --list-secret-keys
       -K     List the specified secret keys.  If no keys are specified, then  all  known  secret
              keys  are  listed.  A # after the initial tags sec or ssb means that the secret key
              or subkey is currently not usable.  We also  say  that  this  key  has  been  taken
              offline (for example, a primary key can be taken offline by exporting the key using
              the command --export-secret-subkeys).  A > after these tags indicate that  the  key
              is stored on a smartcard.  See also --list-keys.

       --check-signatures
       --check-sigs
              Same as --list-keys, but the key signatures are verified and listed too.  Note that
              for performance reasons the revocation status of a signing key is not shown.   This
              command has the same effect as using --list-keys with --with-sig-check.

              The  status of the verification is indicated by a flag directly following the "sig"
              tag (and thus before the flags described below.  A "!" indicates that the signature
              has  been successfully verified, a "-" denotes a bad signature and a "%" is used if
              an error occurred while checking the signature (e.g. a  non  supported  algorithm).
              Signatures  where  the  public  key  is  not available are not listed; to see their
              keyids the command --list-sigs can be used.

              For each signature listed, there are several flags in between the signature  status
              flag  and keyid.  These flags give additional information about each key signature.
              From left to right, they are the numbers  1-3  for  certificate  check  level  (see
              --ask-cert-level),  "L"  for a local or non-exportable signature (see --lsign-key),
              "R" for a nonRevocable signature (see the --edit-key command "nrsign"), "P"  for  a
              signature  that  contains a policy URL (see --cert-policy-url), "N" for a signature
              that contains a notation (see --cert-notation), "X" for an eXpired  signature  (see
              --ask-cert-expire),  and  the numbers 1-9 or "T" for 10 and above to indicate trust
              signature levels (see the --edit-key command "tsign").

       --locate-keys
       --locate-external-keys
              Locate the keys given as arguments.  This command basically uses the same algorithm
              as  used  when  locating keys for encryption or signing and may thus be used to see
              what keys gpg might use.  In particular external methods as defined by  --auto-key-
              locate  may  be  used  to  locate a key.  Only public keys are listed.  The variant
              --locate-external-keys does not consider a locally existing key  and  can  thus  be
              used to force the refresh of a key via the defined external methods.

       --show-keys
              This  commands takes OpenPGP keys as input and prints information about them in the
              same way the command --list-keys does for locally stored key.  In addition the list
              options  show-unusable-uids, show-unusable-subkeys, show-notations and show-policy-
              urls are also enabled.  As usual for automated processing, this command  should  be
              combined with the option --with-colons.

       --fingerprint
              List  all  keys  (or the specified ones) along with their fingerprints. This is the
              same output as --list-keys but with the  additional  output  of  a  line  with  the
              fingerprint.  May  also  be  combined  with --check-signatures.  If this command is
              given twice, the fingerprints of all secondary keys are listed too.   This  command
              also  forces  pretty  printing  of fingerprints if the keyid format has been set to
              "none".

       --list-packets
              List only the sequence of packets.  This command  is  only  useful  for  debugging.
              When used with option --verbose the actual MPI values are dumped and not only their
              lengths.  Note that the output of this command may change with new releases.

       --edit-card
       --card-edit
              Present a menu to work with a smartcard. The subcommand "help" provides an overview
              on  available  commands.  For  a detailed description, please see the Card HOWTO at
              https://gnupg.org/documentation/howtos.html#GnuPG-cardHOWTO .

       --card-status
              Show the content of the smart card.

       --change-pin
              Present a menu to allow changing the PIN of a smartcard. This functionality is also
              available as the subcommand "passwd" with the --edit-card command.

       --delete-keys name
              Remove  key  from the public keyring. In batch mode either --yes is required or the
              key must be specified by  fingerprint.  This  is  a  safeguard  against  accidental
              deletion  of  multiple  keys.   If  the  exclamation  mark  syntax is used with the
              fingerprint of a subkey only that subkey is deleted; if  the  exclamation  mark  is
              used with the fingerprint of the primary key the entire public key is deleted.

       --delete-secret-keys name
              Remove  key  from  the  secret  keyring. In batch mode the key must be specified by
              fingerprint.  The option --yes can be used to advice gpg-agent  not  to  request  a
              confirmation.   This  extra  pre-caution is done because gpg can't be sure that the
              secret key (as controlled by gpg-agent) is only used for the given  OpenPGP  public
              key.   If the exclamation mark syntax is used with the fingerprint of a subkey only
              the secret part of that subkey is deleted; if the exclamation mark is used with the
              fingerprint of the primary key only the secret part of the primary key is deleted.

       --delete-secret-and-public-key name
              Same  as  --delete-key,  but  if  a secret key exists, it will be removed first. In
              batch mode the key must be specified by fingerprint.  The option --yes can be  used
              to advice gpg-agent not to request a confirmation.

       --export
              Either export all keys from all keyrings (default keyrings and those registered via
              option --keyring), or if at least one name is given, those of the given  name.  The
              exported keys are written to STDOUT or to the file given with option --output.  Use
              together with --armor to mail those keys.

       --send-keys keyIDs
              Similar to --export but sends the keys to a keyserver.  Fingerprints  may  be  used
              instead  of  key  IDs.   Don't send your complete keyring to a keyserver --- select
              only those keys which are new or changed by you.  If no keyIDs are given, gpg  does
              nothing.

       --export-secret-keys
       --export-secret-subkeys
              Same  as  --export,  but  exports  the  secret keys instead.  The exported keys are
              written to STDOUT or to the file given with option --output.  This command is often
              used  along with the option --armor to allow for easy printing of the key for paper
              backup; however the external tool paperkey does a better job of creating backups on
              paper.   Note  that  exporting  a secret key can be a security risk if the exported
              keys are sent over an insecure channel.

              The second form of the command has the special property to render the  secret  part
              of  the  primary  key  useless;  this  is  a  GNU  extension  to  OpenPGP and other
              implementations can not be  expected  to  successfully  import  such  a  key.   Its
              intended  use  is  in  generating a full key with an additional signing subkey on a
              dedicated machine.  This command then exports the key without the  primary  key  to
              the main machine.

              GnuPG  may  ask you to enter the passphrase for the key.  This is required, because
              the internal protection method  of  the  secret  key  is  different  from  the  one
              specified by the OpenPGP protocol.

       --export-ssh-key
              This command is used to export a key in the OpenSSH public key format.  It requires
              the specification of one key by the usual means and exports the latest valid subkey
              which  has  an authentication capability to STDOUT or to the file given with option
              --output.  That output can directly be added to ssh's ‘authorized_key’ file.

              By specifying the key to export using a key ID or a fingerprint  suffixed  with  an
              exclamation  mark  (!), a specific subkey or the primary key can be exported.  This
              does not even require that the key has the authentication capability flag set.

       --import
       --fast-import
              Import/merge keys. This adds the given keys to the keyring.  The  fast  version  is
              currently just a synonym.

              There  are  a few other options which control how this command works.  Most notable
              here is the --import-options merge-only option which does not insert new  keys  but
              does only the merging of new signatures, user-IDs and subkeys.

       --receive-keys keyIDs
       --recv-keys keyIDs
              Import the keys with the given keyIDs from a keyserver.

       --refresh-keys
              Request  updates from a keyserver for keys that already exist on the local keyring.
              This is useful for updating a key  with  the  latest  signatures,  user  IDs,  etc.
              Calling this with no arguments will refresh the entire keyring.

       --search-keys names
              Search  the keyserver for the given names. Multiple names given here will be joined
              together to create the search string  for  the  keyserver.   Note  that  keyservers
              search  for names in a different and simpler way than gpg does.  The best choice is
              to use a mail address.  Due to data privacy reasons keyservers may  even  not  even
              allow  searching  by  user id or mail address and thus may only return results when
              being used with the --recv-key command to search by key fingerprint or keyid.

       --fetch-keys URIs
              Retrieve keys located at the specified URIs. Note that different  installations  of
              GnuPG  may  support  different protocols (HTTP, FTP, LDAP, etc.).  When using HTTPS
              the system provided root certificates are used by this command.

       --update-trustdb
              Do trust database maintenance. This command iterates over all keys and  builds  the
              Web  of  Trust.  This  is an interactive command because it may have to ask for the
              "ownertrust" values for keys. The user has to give an estimation  of  how  far  she
              trusts the owner of the displayed key to correctly certify (sign) other keys. GnuPG
              only asks for the ownertrust value if it has not yet been assigned to a key.  Using
              the --edit-key menu, the assigned value can be changed at any time.

       --check-trustdb
              Do trust database maintenance without user interaction. From time to time the trust
              database must be updated so that expired  keys  or  signatures  and  the  resulting
              changes  in  the  Web  of Trust can be tracked. Normally, GnuPG will calculate when
              this is required and do it automatically  unless  --no-auto-check-trustdb  is  set.
              This  command  can  be  used  to  force  a  trust  database  check at any time. The
              processing is identical to that of --update-trustdb but it skips keys  with  a  not
              yet defined "ownertrust".

              For  use  with  cron  jobs, this command can be used together with --batch in which
              case the trust database check is done only if a check is needed.  To  force  a  run
              even in batch mode add the option --yes.

       --export-ownertrust
              Send  the  ownertrust values to STDOUT. This is useful for backup purposes as these
              values are the only ones which  can't  be  re-created  from  a  corrupted  trustdb.
              Example:
                  gpg --export-ownertrust > otrust.txt

       --import-ownertrust
              Update  the  trustdb  with  the  ownertrust values stored in files (or STDIN if not
              given); existing values will be overwritten.  In case of a severely damaged trustdb
              and  if  you  have  a  recent  backup  of  the  ownertrust values (e.g. in the file
              ‘otrust.txt’), you may re-create the trustdb using these commands:
                  cd ~/.gnupg
                  rm trustdb.gpg
                  gpg --import-ownertrust < otrust.txt

       --rebuild-keydb-caches
              When updating from version 1.0.6 to 1.0.7 this command should  be  used  to  create
              signature caches in the keyring. It might be handy in other situations too.

       --print-md algo
       --print-mds
              Print  message  digest  of  algorithm  algo for all given files or STDIN.  With the
              second form (or a deprecated "*" for algo) digests for all available algorithms are
              printed.

       --gen-random 0|1|2 count
              Emit count random bytes of the given quality level 0, 1 or 2. If count is not given
              or zero, an endless sequence of random bytes will be emitted.  If used with --armor
              the  output will be base64 encoded.  PLEASE, don't use this command unless you know
              what you are doing; it may remove precious entropy from the system!

       --gen-prime mode bits
              Use the source, Luke :-). The output format is subject to change with ant release.

       --enarmor
       --dearmor
              Pack or unpack an arbitrary input into/from an OpenPGP  ASCII  armor.   This  is  a
              GnuPG extension to OpenPGP and in general not very useful.

       --tofu-policy {auto|good|unknown|bad|ask} keys
              Set  the  TOFU policy for all the bindings associated with the specified keys.  For
              more information about the meaning of the policies, see:  [trust-model-tofu].   The
              keys may be specified either by their fingerprint (preferred) or their keyid.

   How to manage your keys

       This section explains the main commands for key management.

       --quick-generate-key user-id [algo [usage [expire]]]
       --quick-gen-key
              This  is a simple command to generate a standard key with one user id.  In contrast
              to --generate-key the key is generated directly without the need to answer a  bunch
              of prompts.  Unless the option --yes is given, the key creation will be canceled if
              the given user id already exists in the keyring.

              If invoked directly on the console without any  special  options  an  answer  to  a
              ``Continue?''  style  confirmation prompt is required.  In case the user id already
              exists in the keyring a second prompt to force the creation of the  key  will  show
              up.

              If  algo  or  usage  are  given, only the primary key is created and no prompts are
              shown.  To specify an expiration date but still create a  primary  and  subkey  use
              ``default''  or  ``future-default''  for  algo  and  ``default''  for usage.  For a
              description of these optional arguments see the command --quick-add-key.  The usage
              accepts  also  the  value ``cert'' which can be used to create a certification only
              primary key; the default is to a create certification and signing key.

              The expire argument can be used to specify an expiration date for the key.  Several
              formats    are    supported;   commonly   the   ISO   formats   ``YYYY-MM-DD''   or
              ``YYYYMMDDThhmmss'' are used.  To make the key expire  in  N  seconds,  N  days,  N
              weeks,  N  months,  or N years use ``seconds=N'', ``Nd'', ``Nw'', ``Nm'', or ``Ny''
              respectively.  Not specifying a value, or using ``-'' results in a key expiring  in
              a  reasonable  default interval.  The values ``never'', ``none'' can be used for no
              expiration date.

              If this command is used with --batch, --pinentry-mode has been set to loopback, and
              one  of  the passphrase options (--passphrase, --passphrase-fd, or passphrase-file)
              is used, the supplied passphrase is used for the new key and the agent does not ask
              for it.  To create a key without any protection --passphrase '' may be used.

              To  create  an  OpenPGP  key  from  the  keys  available  on the currently inserted
              smartcard, the special string ``card'' can be used for algo.  If the card  features
              an  encryption  and  a signing key, gpg will figure them out and creates an OpenPGP
              key consisting of the usual primary key and  one  subkey.   This  works  only  with
              certain  smartcards.  Note that the interactive --full-gen-key command allows to do
              the same but with greater flexibility in the selection of the smartcard keys.

              Note that it is possible to create a primary key and  a  subkey  using  non-default
              algorithms  by  using  ``default''  and  changing  the default parameters using the
              option --default-new-key-algo.

       --quick-set-expire fpr expire [*|subfprs]
              With two arguments given, directly set the  expiration  time  of  the  primary  key
              identified  by  fpr  to expire.  To remove the expiration time 0 can be used.  With
              three arguments and the third given as an asterisk, the expiration time of all non-
              revoked  and  not  yet  expired  subkeys  are  set  to  expire.  With more than two
              arguments and a list of fingerprints given for  subfprs,  all  non-revoked  subkeys
              matching these fingerprints are set to expire.

       --quick-add-key fpr [algo [usage [expire]]]
              Directly  add  a  subkey to the key identified by the fingerprint fpr.  Without the
              optional arguments an encryption subkey is added.  If  any  of  the  arguments  are
              given a more specific subkey is added.

              algo  may  be any of the supported algorithms or curve names given in the format as
              used by key listings.  To use the default algorithm the string ``default'' or ``-''
              can  be  used.   Supported  algorithms  are ``rsa'', ``dsa'', ``elg'', ``ed25519'',
              ``cv25519'', and other ECC curves.  For example the string ``rsa'' adds an RSA  key
              with  the  default key length; a string ``rsa4096'' requests that the key length is
              4096 bits.  The string ``future-default'' is an alias for the algorithm which  will
              likely  be  used  as  default  algorithm  in  future  versions of gpg.  To list the
              supported ECC curves the command gpg --with-colons --list-config curve can be used.

              Depending on the given algo the subkey may either be  an  encryption  subkey  or  a
              signing  subkey.   If  an algorithm is capable of signing and encryption and such a
              subkey is desired, a usage string must be given.  This string is either ``default''
              or ``-'' to keep the default or a comma delimited list (or space delimited list) of
              keywords: ``sign'' for a signing subkey, ``auth'' for an authentication subkey, and
              ``encr''  for an encryption subkey (``encrypt'' can be used as alias for ``encr'').
              The valid combinations depend on the algorithm.

              The expire argument can be used to specify an expiration date for the key.  Several
              formats    are    supported;   commonly   the   ISO   formats   ``YYYY-MM-DD''   or
              ``YYYYMMDDThhmmss'' are used.  To make the key expire  in  N  seconds,  N  days,  N
              weeks,  N  months,  or N years use ``seconds=N'', ``Nd'', ``Nw'', ``Nm'', or ``Ny''
              respectively.  Not specifying a value, or using ``-'' results in a key expiring  in
              a  reasonable  default interval.  The values ``never'', ``none'' can be used for no
              expiration date.

       --generate-key
       --gen-key
              Generate a new key pair using the current default parameters.  This is the standard
              command  to  create  a new key.  In addition to the key a revocation certificate is
              created and stored  in  the  ‘openpgp-revocs.d’  directory  below  the  GnuPG  home
              directory.

       --full-generate-key
       --full-gen-key
              Generate  a new key pair with dialogs for all options.  This is an extended version
              of --generate-key.

              There is also a feature which allows you to create keys  in  batch  mode.  See  the
              manual section ``Unattended key generation'' on how to use this.

       --generate-revocation name
       --gen-revoke name
              Generate a revocation certificate for the complete key.  To only revoke a subkey or
              a key signature, use the --edit command.

              This command merely creates the revocation certificate so that it can  be  used  to
              revoke  the  key  if  that  is  ever  needed.  To actually revoke a key the created
              revocation certificate needs to be merged with the key to revoke.  This is done  by
              importing  the revocation certificate using the --import command.  Then the revoked
              key needs to be published, which is best done by sending the  key  to  a  keyserver
              (command --send-key) and by exporting (--export) it to a file which is then send to
              frequent communication partners.

       --generate-designated-revocation name
       --desig-revoke name
              Generate a designated revocation certificate for a key. This allows  a  user  (with
              the permission of the keyholder) to revoke someone else's key.

       --edit-key
              Present  a  menu  which enables you to do most of the key management related tasks.
              It expects the specification of a key on the command line.

              uid n  Toggle selection of user ID or photographic user ID with index n.  Use *  to
                     select all and 0 to deselect all.

              key n  Toggle  selection  of  subkey with index n or key ID n.  Use * to select all
                     and 0 to deselect all.

              sign   Make a signature on key of user name. If the key is not yet  signed  by  the
                     default  user  (or  the  users  given  with  -u),  the  program displays the
                     information of the key again, together with its fingerprint and asks whether
                     it  should be signed. This question is repeated for all users specified with
                     -u.

              lsign  Same as "sign" but the  signature  is  marked  as  non-exportable  and  will
                     therefore  never be used by others. This may be used to make keys valid only
                     in the local environment.

              nrsign Same as "sign"  but  the  signature  is  marked  as  non-revocable  and  can
                     therefore never be revoked.

              tsign  Make  a  trust  signature.  This is a signature that combines the notions of
                     certification (like a  regular  signature),  and  trust  (like  the  "trust"
                     command).  It  is  generally  only useful in distinct communities or groups.
                     For more information  please  read  the  sections  ``Trust  Signature''  and
                     ``Regular Expression'' in RFC-4880.

              Note  that  "l" (for local / non-exportable), "nr" (for non-revocable, and "t" (for
              trust) may be freely mixed and prefixed to "sign" to create a signature of any type
              desired.

       If  the  option --only-sign-text-ids is specified, then any non-text based user ids (e.g.,
       photo IDs) will not be selected for signing.

              delsig Delete a signature. Note that it is not possible  to  retract  a  signature,
                     once it has been send to the public (i.e. to a keyserver).  In that case you
                     better use revsig.

              revsig Revoke a signature. For every signature which has been generated by  one  of
                     the  secret  keys,  GnuPG  asks  whether  a revocation certificate should be
                     generated.

              check  Check the signatures on all  selected  user  IDs.   With  the  extra  option
                     selfsig only self-signatures are shown.

              adduid Create an additional user ID.

              addphoto
                     Create a photographic user ID. This will prompt for a JPEG file that will be
                     embedded into the user ID. Note that a very large JPEG will make for a  very
                     large  key.  Also  note  that some programs will display your JPEG unchanged
                     (GnuPG), and some programs will scale it to fit in a dialog box (PGP).

              showphoto
                     Display the selected photographic user ID.

              deluid Delete a user ID or photographic user ID.  Note that it is not  possible  to
                     retract  a  user  id,  once  it  has  been  send  to  the  public (i.e. to a
                     keyserver).  In that case you better use revuid.

              revuid Revoke a user ID or photographic user ID.

              primary
                     Flag the current user id as the primary one, removes  the  primary  user  id
                     flag  from  all  other user ids and sets the timestamp of all affected self-
                     signatures one second ahead. Note that setting a photo user  ID  as  primary
                     makes it primary over other photo user IDs, and setting a regular user ID as
                     primary makes it primary over other regular user IDs.

              keyserver
                     Set a preferred keyserver for the specified user ID(s).  This  allows  other
                     users  to  know  where  you  prefer they get your key from. See --keyserver-
                     options honor-keyserver-url for more on how this works.  Setting a value  of
                     "none" removes an existing preferred keyserver.

              notation
                     Set  a name=value notation for the specified user ID(s). See --cert-notation
                     for more on how this works. Setting a value of "none" removes all notations,
                     setting a notation prefixed with a minus sign (-) removes that notation, and
                     setting a notation name (without the =value)  prefixed  with  a  minus  sign
                     removes all notations with that name.

              pref   List   preferences  from  the  selected  user  ID.  This  shows  the  actual
                     preferences, without including any implied preferences.

              showpref
                     More verbose preferences listing for the selected user ID.  This  shows  the
                     preferences in effect by including the implied preferences of 3DES (cipher),
                     SHA-1 (digest), and Uncompressed  (compression)  if  they  are  not  already
                     included  in  the  preference list. In addition, the preferred keyserver and
                     signature notations (if any) are shown.

              setpref string
                     Set the list of user ID preferences to string for all (or just the selected)
                     user  IDs. Calling setpref with no arguments sets the preference list to the
                     default (either built-in or set via --default-preference-list), and  calling
                     setpref  with  "none" as the argument sets an empty preference list. Use gpg
                     --version to get a list of available algorithms. Note  that  while  you  can
                     change  the preferences on an attribute user ID (aka "photo ID"), GnuPG does
                     not select keys via attribute user IDs so these preferences will not be used
                     by GnuPG.

                     When  setting preferences, you should list the algorithms in the order which
                     you'd like to see them used by someone else when  encrypting  a  message  to
                     your  key.  If you don't include 3DES, it will be automatically added at the
                     end.  Note that there are many factors that go into  choosing  an  algorithm
                     (for  example,  your  key  may not be the only recipient), and so the remote
                     OpenPGP application being used to send to you may or  may  not  follow  your
                     exact  chosen  order  for a given message.  It will, however, only choose an
                     algorithm that is present on the preference list  of  every  recipient  key.
                     See also the INTEROPERABILITY WITH OTHER OPENPGP PROGRAMS section below.

              addkey Add a subkey to this key.

              addcardkey
                     Generate a subkey on a card and add it to this key.

              keytocard
                     Transfer  the  selected  secret  subkey (or the primary key if no subkey has
                     been selected) to a smartcard.  The  secret  key  in  the  keyring  will  be
                     replaced  by  a stub if the key could be stored successfully on the card and
                     you use the save command later. Only certain key types may be transferred to
                     the  card.  A  sub  menu allows you to select on what card to store the key.
                     Note that it is not possible to get that key back from the  card  -  if  the
                     card  gets  broken  your  secret  key  will be lost unless you have a backup
                     somewhere.

              bkuptocard file
                     Restore the given file to a card. This command may  be  used  to  restore  a
                     backup  key  (as  generated  during  card  initialization) to a new card. In
                     almost all cases this will be  the  encryption  key.  You  should  use  this
                     command  only  with the corresponding public key and make sure that the file
                     given as argument is indeed the backup to restore. You should then select  2
                     to  restore  as  encryption  key.   You  will  first  be  asked to enter the
                     passphrase of the backup key and then for the Admin PIN of the card.

              delkey Remove a subkey (secondary key). Note that it is not possible to  retract  a
                     subkey,  once it has been send to the public (i.e. to a keyserver).  In that
                     case you better use revkey.  Also note that this  only  deletes  the  public
                     part of a key.

              revkey Revoke a subkey.

              expire Change  the  key  or  subkey  expiration  time. If a subkey is selected, the
                     expiration time of this subkey will be changed. With no selection,  the  key
                     expiration of the primary key is changed.

              trust  Change  the  owner  trust  value  for  the  key.  This  updates the trust-db
                     immediately and no save is required.

              disable
              enable Disable or enable an entire key. A disabled key can not normally be used for
                     encryption.

              addrevoker
                     Add  a  designated  revoker  to  the  key. This takes one optional argument:
                     "sensitive". If a designated revoker is marked as sensitive, it will not  be
                     exported by default (see export-options).

              passwd Change the passphrase of the secret key.

              toggle This is dummy command which exists only for backward compatibility.

              clean  Compact  (by removing all signatures except the selfsig) any user ID that is
                     no longer usable (e.g. revoked, or expired).  Then,  remove  any  signatures
                     that  are  not usable by the trust calculations.  Specifically, this removes
                     any signature that does not validate, any signature that is superseded by  a
                     later  signature, revoked signatures, and signatures issued by keys that are
                     not present on the keyring.

              minimize
                     Make the key as small as possible. This removes  all  signatures  from  each
                     user ID except for the most recent self-signature.

              change-usage
                     Change  the  usage  flags  (capabilities)  of the primary key or of subkeys.
                     These usage flags (e.g. Certify, Sign, Authenticate, Encrypt) are set during
                     key creation.  Sometimes it is useful to have the opportunity to change them
                     (for example to add Authenticate) after they have been created.  Please take
                     care when doing this; the allowed usage flags depend on the key algorithm.

              cross-certify
                     Add cross-certification signatures to signing subkeys that may not currently
                     have them. Cross-certification signatures protect against  a  subtle  attack
                     against  signing  subkeys.  See --require-cross-certification.  All new keys
                     generated have this signature by default, so this command is only useful  to
                     bring older keys up to date.

              save   Save all changes to the keyrings and quit.

              quit   Quit the program without updating the keyrings.

              The  listing  shows  you  the  key  with  its secondary keys and all user IDs.  The
              primary user ID is indicated by a dot, and selected keys or user IDs are  indicated
              by  an asterisk.  The trust value is displayed with the primary key: "trust" is the
              assigned owner trust  and  "validity"  is  the  calculated  validity  of  the  key.
              Validity values are also displayed for all user IDs.  For possible values of trust,
              see: [trust-values].

       --sign-key name
              Signs a public key with your  secret  key.  This  is  a  shortcut  version  of  the
              subcommand "sign" from --edit.

       --lsign-key name
              Signs  a  public key with your secret key but marks it as non-exportable. This is a
              shortcut version of the subcommand "lsign" from --edit-key.

       --quick-sign-key fpr [names]
       --quick-lsign-key fpr [names]
              Directly sign a key from the passphrase without any further user interaction.   The
              fpr  must  be the verified primary fingerprint of a key in the local keyring. If no
              names are given, all useful user ids are signed; with  given  [names]  only  useful
              user  ids  matching  one  of  theses names are signed.  By default, or if a name is
              prefixed with a '*', a case insensitive substring match is  used.   If  a  name  is
              prefixed with a '=' a case sensitive exact match is done.

              The  command  --quick-lsign-key  marks the signatures as non-exportable.  If such a
              non-exportable signature already  exists  the  --quick-sign-key  turns  it  into  a
              exportable signature.

              This  command  uses  reasonable  defaults  and  thus  does  not  provide  the  full
              flexibility of the "sign" subcommand from --edit-key.  Its intended use is to  help
              unattended key signing by utilizing a list of verified fingerprints.

       --quick-add-uid user-id new-user-id
              This command adds a new user id to an existing key.  In contrast to the interactive
              sub-command adduid of --edit-key  the  new-user-id  is  added  verbatim  with  only
              leading  and  trailing white space removed, it is expected to be UTF-8 encoded, and
              no checks on its form are applied.

       --quick-revoke-uid user-id user-id-to-revoke
              This command revokes a user ID on an existing key.  It cannot be used to revoke the
              last  user ID on key (some non-revoked user ID must remain), with revocation reason
              ``User ID is no longer valid''.  If you want  to  specify  a  different  revocation
              reason,  or to supply supplementary revocation text, you should use the interactive
              sub-command revuid of --edit-key.

       --quick-set-primary-uid user-id primary-user-id
              This command sets or updates the primary user ID flag on an existing key.   user-id
              specifies  the  key  and  primary-user-id the user ID which shall be flagged as the
              primary user ID.  The primary user ID flag is removed from all other user  ids  and
              the timestamp of all affected self-signatures is set one second ahead.

       --change-passphrase user-id
       --passwd user-id
              Change  the  passphrase of the secret key belonging to the certificate specified as
              user-id.  This is a shortcut for the sub-command passwd of the edit key menu.  When
              using  together  with  the  option  --dry-run  this  will  not  actually change the
              passphrase but check that the current passphrase is correct.

OPTIONS

       gpg features a bunch of options to control the exact behaviour and to change  the  default
       configuration.

       Long  options  can  be  put in an options file (default "~/.gnupg/gpg.conf"). Short option
       names will not work - for example, "armor" is a valid option for the options  file,  while
       "a"  is not. Do not write the 2 dashes, but simply the name of the option and any required
       arguments. Lines with a hash ('#') as the first  non-white-space  character  are  ignored.
       Commands may be put in this file too, but that is not generally useful as the command will
       execute automatically with every execution of gpg.

       Please remember that option parsing stops as soon as a non-option is encountered, you  can
       explicitly stop parsing by using the special option --.

   How to change the configuration

       These  options  are  used  to change the configuration and are usually found in the option
       file.

       --default-key name
              Use name as the default key to sign with. If this option is not used,  the  default
              key  is  the  first  key found in the secret keyring.  Note that -u or --local-user
              overrides this option.  This option may be given multiple times.  In this case, the
              last  key  for  which a secret key is available is used.  If there is no secret key
              available for any of the specified values, GnuPG will not emit an error message but
              continue as if this option wasn't given.

       --default-recipient name
              Use  name  as  default recipient if option --recipient is not used and don't ask if
              this is a valid one. name must be non-empty.

       --default-recipient-self
              Use the default key as default recipient if option  --recipient  is  not  used  and
              don't  ask if this is a valid one. The default key is the first one from the secret
              keyring or the one set with --default-key.

       --no-default-recipient
              Reset --default-recipient and --default-recipient-self.

       -v, --verbose
              Give more information during processing. If used twice, the input data is listed in
              detail.

       --no-verbose
              Reset verbose level to 0.

       -q, --quiet
              Try to be as quiet as possible.

       --batch
       --no-batch
              Use batch mode.  Never ask, do not allow interactive commands.  --no-batch disables
              this option.  Note that even with a filename given on the command line,  gpg  might
              still  need  to  read  from STDIN (in particular if gpg figures that the input is a
              detached signature and no data file has been specified).  Thus if you do  not  want
              to feed data via STDIN, you should connect STDIN to g‘/dev/null’.

              It  is highly recommended to use this option along with the options --status-fd and
              --with-colons for any unattended use of gpg.

       --no-tty
              Make sure that the TTY (terminal) is never used for any  output.   This  option  is
              needed  in  some  cases  because GnuPG sometimes prints warnings to the TTY even if
              --batch is used.

       --yes  Assume "yes" on most questions.

       --no   Assume "no" on most questions.

       --list-options parameters
              This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options used when listing keys
              and  signatures  (that  is,  --list-keys,  --check-signatures,  --list-public-keys,
              --list-secret-keys, and the --edit-key functions).  Options can be prepended with a
              no- (after the two dashes) to give the opposite meaning.  The options are:

              show-photos
                     Causes  --list-keys,  --check-signatures,  --list-public-keys,  and  --list-
                     secret-keys to display any photo IDs attached to the key.  Defaults  to  no.
                     See also --photo-viewer.  Does not work with --with-colons: see --attribute-
                     fd for the  appropriate  way  to  get  photo  data  for  scripts  and  other
                     frontends.

              show-usage
                     Show  usage  information  for  keys and subkeys in the standard key listing.
                     This  is  a  list  of  letters  indicating  the  allowed  usage  for  a  key
                     (E=encryption,  S=signing,  C=certification, A=authentication).  Defaults to
                     yes.

              show-policy-urls
                     Show policy URLs in the  --check-signatures listings.  Defaults to no.

              show-notations
              show-std-notations
              show-user-notations
                     Show all, IETF standard, or user-defined signature notations in the --check-
                     signatures listings. Defaults to no.

              show-keyserver-urls
                     Show  any  preferred  keyserver  URL  in  the  --check-signatures  listings.
                     Defaults to no.

              show-uid-validity
                     Display the calculated validity of user IDs during key  listings.   Defaults
                     to yes.

              show-unusable-uids
                     Show revoked and expired user IDs in key listings. Defaults to no.

              show-unusable-subkeys
                     Show revoked and expired subkeys in key listings. Defaults to no.

              show-keyring
                     Display the keyring name at the head of key listings to show which keyring a
                     given key resides on. Defaults to no.

              show-sig-expire
                     Show signature expiration dates (if any) during --check-signatures listings.
                     Defaults to no.

              show-sig-subpackets
                     Include  signature  subpackets  in  the key listing. This option can take an
                     optional argument list of the subpackets to list. If no argument is  passed,
                     list  all  subpackets.  Defaults  to no. This option is only meaningful when
                     using --with-colons along with --check-signatures.

              show-only-fpr-mbox
                     For each user-id which has a valid mail address print only  the  fingerprint
                     followed by the mail address.

       --verify-options parameters
              This  is  a  space or comma delimited string that gives options used when verifying
              signatures. Options can be prepended with a `no-' to give the opposite meaning. The
              options are:

              show-photos
                     Display  any  photo  IDs  present  on  the  key  that  issued the signature.
                     Defaults to no. See also --photo-viewer.

              show-policy-urls
                     Show policy URLs in the signature being verified. Defaults to yes.

              show-notations
              show-std-notations
              show-user-notations
                     Show  all,  IETF  standard,  or  user-defined  signature  notations  in  the
                     signature being verified. Defaults to IETF standard.

              show-keyserver-urls
                     Show  any preferred keyserver URL in the signature being verified.  Defaults
                     to yes.

              show-uid-validity
                     Display the calculated validity of the user IDs on the key that  issued  the
                     signature. Defaults to yes.

              show-unusable-uids
                     Show  revoked  and expired user IDs during signature verification.  Defaults
                     to no.

              show-primary-uid-only
                     Show only the primary user ID during signature verification.   That  is  all
                     the  AKA  lines  as  well  as  photo  Ids  are  not shown with the signature
                     verification status.

              pka-lookups
                     Enable PKA lookups to verify sender addresses. Note that  PKA  is  based  on
                     DNS,  and  so enabling this option may disclose information on when and what
                     signatures are verified or to whom data is encrypted. This is similar to the
                     "web bug" described for the --auto-key-retrieve option.

              pka-trust-increase
                     Raise  the  trust  in  a  signature  to  full  if  the  signature passes PKA
                     validation. This option is only meaningful if pka-lookups is set.

       --enable-large-rsa
       --disable-large-rsa
              With --generate-key and --batch, enable the creation of RSA secret keys as large as
              8192  bit.  Note: 8192 bit is more than is generally recommended.  These large keys
              don't significantly improve security, but they are more expensive to use, and their
              signatures  and  certifications  are  larger.  This option is only available if the
              binary was build with large-secmem support.

       --enable-dsa2
       --disable-dsa2
              Enable hash truncation for all DSA keys even for old DSA Keys up to 1024 bit.  This
              is  also  the  default  with  --openpgp.   Note  that  older versions of GnuPG also
              required this flag to allow the generation of DSA larger than 1024 bit.

       --photo-viewer string
              This is the command line that should be run to  view  a  photo  ID.  "%i"  will  be
              expanded  to  a  filename containing the photo. "%I" does the same, except the file
              will not be deleted once the viewer exits.  Other flags are "%k" for  the  key  ID,
              "%K"  for  the long key ID, "%f" for the key fingerprint, "%t" for the extension of
              the  image  type  (e.g.  "jpg"),  "%T"  for  the  MIME  type  of  the  image  (e.g.
              "image/jpeg"), "%v" for the single-character calculated validity of the image being
              viewed (e.g. "f"), "%V" for the calculated validity as  a  string  (e.g.   "full"),
              "%U" for a base32 encoded hash of the user ID, and "%%" for an actual percent sign.
              If neither %i or %I are present, then the photo will be supplied to the  viewer  on
              standard input.

              On  Unix  the  default  viewer is xloadimage -fork -quiet -title 'KeyID 0x%k' STDIN
              with a fallback to display -title 'KeyID 0x%k' %i and finally to xdg-open  %i.   On
              Windows  !ShellExecute  400  %i  is used; here the command is a meta command to use
              that API call followed by a wait time in milliseconds which is  used  to  give  the
              viewer  time  to  read  the temporary image file before gpg deletes it again.  Note
              that if your image viewer program is not secure, then executing it  from  gpg  does
              not make it secure.

       --exec-path string
              Sets  a  list  of  directories  to  search  for photo viewers If not provided photo
              viewers use the PATH environment variable.

       --keyring file
              Add file to the current list of keyrings. If file begins with a tilde and a  slash,
              these  are  replaced  by  the  $HOME  directory. If the filename does not contain a
              slash, it is assumed to be in the GnuPG home directory ("~/.gnupg" if --homedir  or
              $GNUPGHOME is not used).

              Note  that  this  adds  a  keyring to the current list. If the intent is to use the
              specified keyring alone, use --keyring along with --no-default-keyring.

              If the option --no-keyring has been used no keyrings will be used at all.

       --secret-keyring file
              This is an obsolete option  and  ignored.   All  secret  keys  are  stored  in  the
              ‘private-keys-v1.d’ directory below the GnuPG home directory.

       --primary-keyring file
              Designate  file  as the primary public keyring. This means that newly imported keys
              (via --import or keyserver --recv-from) will go to this keyring.

       --trustdb-name file
              Use file instead of the default trustdb. If file begins with a tilde and  a  slash,
              these  are  replaced  by  the  $HOME  directory. If the filename does not contain a
              slash, it is assumed to be in the GnuPG home directory (‘~/.gnupg’ if --homedir  or
              $GNUPGHOME is not used).

       --homedir dir
              Set  the  name  of  the home directory to dir. If this option is not used, the home
              directory defaults to ‘~/.gnupg’.  It is only recognized when given on the  command
              line.  It also overrides any home directory stated through the environment variable
              ‘GNUPGHOME’  or  (on  Windows   systems)   by   means   of   the   Registry   entry
              HKCU\Software\GNU\GnuPG:HomeDir.

              On  Windows  systems it is possible to install GnuPG as a portable application.  In
              this case only this command line option is considered, all other ways to set a home
              directory are ignored.

              To  install  GnuPG  as  a  portable application under Windows, create an empty file
              named ‘gpgconf.ctl’ in the same directory as the tool ‘gpgconf.exe’.  The  root  of
              the  installation  is  then that directory; or, if ‘gpgconf.exe’ has been installed
              directly below a directory named ‘bin’, its parent directory.   You  also  need  to
              make  sure  that  the following directories exist and are writable: ‘ROOT/home’ for
              the GnuPG home and ‘ROOT/var/cache/gnupg’ for internal cache files.

       --display-charset name
              Set  the  name  of  the  native  character  set.  This  is  used  to  convert  some
              informational  strings  like user IDs to the proper UTF-8 encoding.  Note that this
              has nothing to do with the character set of data to be encrypted or  signed;  GnuPG
              does  not  recode  user-supplied  data.  If  this  option  is not used, the default
              character set is determined from the current locale. A verbosity level of  3  shows
              the chosen set.  Valid values for name are:

              iso-8859-1
                     This is the Latin 1 set.

              iso-8859-2
                     The Latin 2 set.

              iso-8859-15
                     This is currently an alias for the Latin 1 set.

              koi8-r The usual Russian set (RFC-1489).

              utf-8  Bypass all translations and assume that the OS uses native UTF-8 encoding.

       --utf8-strings
       --no-utf8-strings
              Assume  that  command line arguments are given as UTF-8 strings. The default (--no-
              utf8-strings) is to assume that arguments are  encoded  in  the  character  set  as
              specified  by --display-charset. These options affect all following arguments. Both
              options may be used multiple times.

       --options file
              Read options from file and do not try to read them from the default options file in
              the homedir (see --homedir). This option is ignored if used in an options file.

       --no-options
              Shortcut for --options /dev/null. This option is detected before an attempt to open
              an option file.  Using this option will also prevent the creation of  a  ‘~/.gnupg’
              homedir.

       -z n
       --compress-level n
       --bzip2-compress-level n
              Set compression level to n for the ZIP and ZLIB compression algorithms. The default
              is to use the default compression level of  zlib  (normally  6).  --bzip2-compress-
              level sets the compression level for the BZIP2 compression algorithm (defaulting to
              6 as well). This is a different option from --compress-level  since  BZIP2  uses  a
              significant  amount of memory for each additional compression level.  -z sets both.
              A value of 0 for n disables compression.

       --bzip2-decompress-lowmem
              Use a different decompression method for BZIP2  compressed  files.  This  alternate
              method  uses a bit more than half the memory, but also runs at half the speed. This
              is useful under extreme low memory  circumstances  when  the  file  was  originally
              compressed at a high --bzip2-compress-level.

       --mangle-dos-filenames
       --no-mangle-dos-filenames
              Older  version of Windows cannot handle filenames with more than one dot. --mangle-
              dos-filenames causes GnuPG to replace (rather than add  to)  the  extension  of  an
              output  filename  to  avoid  this problem. This option is off by default and has no
              effect on non-Windows platforms.

       --ask-cert-level
       --no-ask-cert-level
              When making a key signature, prompt for a certification level. If  this  option  is
              not  specified,  the  certification level used is set via --default-cert-level. See
              --default-cert-level for information on the specific levels and how they are  used.
              --no-ask-cert-level disables this option. This option defaults to no.

       --default-cert-level n
              The default to use for the check level when signing a key.

              0 means you make no particular claim as to how carefully you verified the key.

              1  means  you  believe  the key is owned by the person who claims to own it but you
              could not, or did not verify the key  at  all.  This  is  useful  for  a  "persona"
              verification, where you sign the key of a pseudonymous user.

              2  means  you did casual verification of the key. For example, this could mean that
              you verified the key fingerprint and checked the user ID on the key against a photo
              ID.

              3  means  you  did  extensive verification of the key. For example, this could mean
              that you verified the key fingerprint with the owner of the key in person, and that
              you  checked,  by  means  of  a  hard  to forge document with a photo ID (such as a
              passport) that the name of the key owner matches the name in the  user  ID  on  the
              key, and finally that you verified (by exchange of email) that the email address on
              the key belongs to the key owner.

              Note that the examples given above for levels 2 and 3 are just that:  examples.  In
              the end, it is up to you to decide just what "casual" and "extensive" mean to you.

              This option defaults to 0 (no particular claim).

       --min-cert-level
              When  building  the trust database, treat any signatures with a certification level
              below this as invalid. Defaults to 2, which disregards  level  1  signatures.  Note
              that level 0 "no particular claim" signatures are always accepted.

       --trusted-key long key ID
              Assume  that  the specified key (which must be given as a full 8 byte key ID) is as
              trustworthy as one of your own secret keys. This option is useful if you don't want
              to keep your secret keys (or one of them) online but still want to be able to check
              the validity of a given recipient's or signator's key.

       --trust-model {pgp|classic|tofu|tofu+pgp|direct|always|auto}
              Set what trust model GnuPG should follow. The models are:

              pgp    This is the Web of Trust combined with trust signatures as used in  PGP  5.x
                     and  later.  This  is  the  default  trust  model  when creating a new trust
                     database.

              classic
                     This is the standard Web of Trust as introduced by PGP 2.

              tofu

                     TOFU stands for Trust On First Use.  In this trust model, the first  time  a
                     key  is seen, it is memorized.  If later another key with a user id with the
                     same email address is seen, both keys are marked as suspect.  In that  case,
                     the  next  time  either  is  used,  a  warning  is  displayed describing the
                     conflict, why it might have occurred (either the user generated  a  new  key
                     and failed to cross sign the old and new keys, the key is forgery, or a man-
                     in-the-middle attack is being  attempted),  and  the  user  is  prompted  to
                     manually confirm the validity of the key in question.

                     Because  a  potential  attacker  is  able  to  control the email address and
                     thereby circumvent the  conflict  detection  algorithm  by  using  an  email
                     address that is similar in appearance to a trusted email address, whenever a
                     message is verified, statistics about the number of messages signed with the
                     key  are  shown.  In this way, a user can easily identify attacks using fake
                     keys for regular correspondents.

                     When compared with the  Web  of  Trust,  TOFU  offers  significantly  weaker
                     security  guarantees.   In  particular,  TOFU  only helps ensure consistency
                     (that is, that the binding between a key and email address doesn't  change).
                     A  major  advantage  of  TOFU  is that it requires little maintenance to use
                     correctly.  To use the web of trust properly, you need to actively sign keys
                     and mark users as trusted introducers.  This is a time-consuming process and
                     anecdotal evidence suggests that even security-conscious users  rarely  take
                     the time to do this thoroughly and instead rely on an ad-hoc TOFU process.

                     In  the  TOFU  model, policies are associated with bindings between keys and
                     email addresses (which are extracted from user ids and  normalized).   There
                     are five policies, which can be set manually using the --tofu-policy option.
                     The default policy can be set using the --tofu-default-policy option.

                     The TOFU policies are: auto, good, unknown, bad and ask.  The auto policy is
                     used  by  default  (unless  overridden by --tofu-default-policy) and marks a
                     binding as marginally trusted.  The good, unknown and bad  policies  mark  a
                     binding  as fully trusted, as having unknown trust or as having trust never,
                     respectively.  The unknown policy is useful for just using  TOFU  to  detect
                     conflicts,  but  to  never  assign  positive  trust to a binding.  The final
                     policy, ask prompts the user to indicate the binding's trust.  If batch mode
                     is  enabled (or input is inappropriate in the context), then the user is not
                     prompted and the undefined trust level is returned.

              tofu+pgp
                     This trust model combines TOFU with the Web  of  Trust.   This  is  done  by
                     computing  the  trust level for each model and then taking the maximum trust
                     level where the trust levels are ordered as follows: unknown <  undefined  <
                     marginal < fully < ultimate < expired < never.

                     By   setting  --tofu-default-policy=unknown,  this  model  can  be  used  to
                     implement the web of trust with TOFU's  conflict  detection  algorithm,  but
                     without  its  assignment  of  positive  trust  values,  which some security-
                     conscious users don't like.

              direct Key validity is set directly by the user and not calculated via the  Web  of
                     Trust.   This model is solely based on the key and does not distinguish user
                     IDs.  Note that when changing  to  another  trust  model  the  trust  values
                     assigned  to  a  key  are  transformed  into  ownertrust  values, which also
                     indicate how you trust the owner of the key to sign other keys.

              always Skip key validation and assume that used keys are always  fully  valid.  You
                     generally  won't  use  this  unless  you  are using some external validation
                     scheme. This option also  suppresses  the  "[uncertain]"  tag  printed  with
                     signature  checks when there is no evidence that the user ID is bound to the
                     key.  Note that this trust model still does not allow the  use  of  expired,
                     revoked, or disabled keys.

              auto   Select  the  trust  model  depending on whatever the internal trust database
                     says. This is the default model if such a  database  already  exists.   Note
                     that  a  tofu  trust  model  is  not  considered  here  and  must be enabled
                     explicitly.

       --auto-key-locate mechanisms
       --no-auto-key-locate
              GnuPG can automatically locate and retrieve keys as needed using this option.  This
              happens  when  encrypting to an email address (in the "user@example.com" form), and
              there are no "user@example.com" keys on the local keyring.  This option  takes  any
              number  of the mechanisms listed below, in the order they are to be tried.  Instead
              of listing the mechanisms as comma delimited arguments,  the  option  may  also  be
              given  several times to add more mechanism.  The option --no-auto-key-locate or the
              mechanism "clear" resets the list.  The default is "local,wkd".

              cert   Locate a key using DNS CERT, as specified in RFC-4398.

              pka    Locate a key using DNS PKA.

              dane   Locate a key using DANE, as specified in draft-ietf-dane-openpgpkey-05.txt.

              wkd    Locate a key using the Web Key Directory protocol.

              ldap   Using DNS Service Discovery, check the  domain  in  question  for  any  LDAP
                     keyservers  to  use.  If this fails, attempt to locate the key using the PGP
                     Universal method of checking ‘ldap://keys.(thedomain)’.

              keyserver
                     Locate a key using a keyserver.

              keyserver-URL
                     In addition, a keyserver URL as used in the  dirmngr  configuration  may  be
                     used here to query that particular keyserver.

              local  Locate  the key using the local keyrings.  This mechanism allows the user to
                     select the order a local key lookup is done.  Thus using  ‘--auto-key-locate
                     local’ is identical to --no-auto-key-locate.

              nodefault
                     This  flag  disables  the  standard local key lookup, done before any of the
                     mechanisms defined by the --auto-key-locate are tried.  The position of this
                     mechanism  in the list does not matter.  It is not required if local is also
                     used.

              clear  Clear all defined mechanisms.  This is useful to override  mechanisms  given
                     in  a config file.  Note that a nodefault in mechanisms will also be cleared
                     unless it is given after the clear.

       --auto-key-retrieve
       --no-auto-key-retrieve
              These options enable or disable the automatic retrieving of keys from  a  keyserver
              when  verifying  signatures  made  by  keys that are not on the local keyring.  The
              default is --no-auto-key-retrieve.

              The order of methods tried to lookup the key is:

              1. If a preferred keyserver is specified in the signature  and  the  option  honor-
              keyserver-url  is active (which is not the default), that keyserver is tried.  Note
              that the creator of the signature uses the option  --sig-keyserver-url  to  specify
              the preferred keyserver for data signatures.

              2.  If  the  signature has the Signer's UID set (e.g. using --sender while creating
              the signature) a Web Key Directory (WKD) lookup  is  done.   This  is  the  default
              configuration  but can be disabled by removing WKD from the auto-key-locate list or
              by using the option --disable-signer-uid.

              3. If the option honor-pka-record is active, the legacy PKA method is used.

              4. If any keyserver is configured  and  the  Issuer  Fingerprint  is  part  of  the
              signature (since GnuPG 2.1.16), the configured keyservers are tried.

              Note  that  this option makes a "web bug" like behavior possible.  Keyserver or Web
              Key Directory operators can see which keys you request, so by sending you a message
              signed  by  a  brand  new  key  (which  you  naturally  will not have on your local
              keyring), the operator can tell both your IP address and the time when you verified
              the signature.

       --keyid-format {none|short|0xshort|long|0xlong}
              Select  how  to  display key IDs.  "none" does not show the key ID at all but shows
              the fingerprint in a separate line.  "short" is the traditional 8-character key ID.
              "long" is the more accurate (but less convenient) 16-character key ID.  Add an "0x"
              to either to include an "0x" at the beginning of the  key  ID,  as  in  0x99242560.
              Note that this option is ignored if the option --with-colons is used.

       --keyserver name
              This option is deprecated - please use the --keyserver in ‘dirmngr.conf’ instead.

              Use  name  as  your keyserver. This is the server that --receive-keys, --send-keys,
              and --search-keys will communicate with to receive keys from,  send  keys  to,  and
              search    for    keys    on.    The    format    of    the    name    is   a   URI:
              `scheme:[//]keyservername[:port]' The scheme is the type of  keyserver:  "hkp"  for
              the  HTTP  (or  compatible) keyservers, "ldap" for the LDAP keyservers, or "mailto"
              for the Graff email keyserver. Note that your particular installation of GnuPG  may
              have  other  keyserver  types  available  as  well.  Keyserver  schemes  are  case-
              insensitive. After the keyserver name, optional keyserver configuration options may
              be  provided.  These are the same as the global --keyserver-options from below, but
              apply only to this particular keyserver.

              Most keyservers synchronize with each other, so there is generally no need to  send
              keys  to  more than one server. The keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net uses round robin
              DNS to give a different keyserver each time you use it.

       --keyserver-options {name=value}
              This is a space or comma delimited string that gives  options  for  the  keyserver.
              Options  can  be  prefixed with a `no-' to give the opposite meaning. Valid import-
              options or export-options may be used here as well to apply to  importing  (--recv-
              key)  or  exporting  (--send-key) a key from a keyserver. While not all options are
              available for all keyserver types, some common options are:

              include-revoked
                     When searching for a key with --search-keys, include keys that are marked on
                     the keyserver as revoked. Note that not all keyservers differentiate between
                     revoked  and  unrevoked  keys,  and  for  such  keyservers  this  option  is
                     meaningless.  Note  also  that  most  keyservers  do  not have cryptographic
                     verification of key revocations, and so turning this option off  may  result
                     in skipping keys that are incorrectly marked as revoked.

              include-disabled
                     When searching for a key with --search-keys, include keys that are marked on
                     the keyserver as disabled. Note that  this  option  is  not  used  with  HKP
                     keyservers.

              auto-key-retrieve
                     This  is  an obsolete alias for the option auto-key-retrieve.  Please do not
                     use it; it will be removed in future versions..

              honor-keyserver-url
                     When using --refresh-keys, if the key in question has a preferred  keyserver
                     URL, then use that preferred keyserver to refresh the key from. In addition,
                     if auto-key-retrieve  is  set,  and  the  signature  being  verified  has  a
                     preferred  keyserver URL, then use that preferred keyserver to fetch the key
                     from. Note that this option introduces a "web bug": The creator of  the  key
                     can  see  when  the  keys  is refreshed.  Thus this option is not enabled by
                     default.

              honor-pka-record
                     If --auto-key-retrieve is used, and the signature being verified has  a  PKA
                     record, then use the PKA information to fetch the key. Defaults to "yes".

              include-subkeys
                     When  receiving  a key, include subkeys as potential targets. Note that this
                     option is not used with HKP keyservers, as they do  not  support  retrieving
                     keys by subkey id.

              timeout
              http-proxy=value
              verbose
              debug
              check-cert

              ca-cert-file
                     These  options  have  no  more  function  since  GnuPG 2.1.  Use the dirmngr
                     configuration options instead.

       The default list  of  options  is:  "self-sigs-only,  repair-keys,  repair-pks-subkey-bug,
       export-attributes, honor-pka-record".

       --completes-needed n
              Number of completely trusted users to introduce a new key signer (defaults to 1).

       --marginals-needed n
              Number of marginally trusted users to introduce a new key signer (defaults to 3)

       --tofu-default-policy {auto|good|unknown|bad|ask}
              The default TOFU policy (defaults to auto).  For more information about the meaning
              of this option, see: [trust-model-tofu].

       --max-cert-depth n
              Maximum depth of a certification chain (default is 5).

       --no-sig-cache
              Do not cache the verification status of  key  signatures.   Caching  gives  a  much
              better  performance  in  key  listings.  However,  if  you suspect that your public
              keyring is not safe against write modifications, you can use this option to disable
              the  caching.  It  probably  does  not make sense to disable it because all kind of
              damage can be done if someone else has write access to your public keyring.

       --auto-check-trustdb
       --no-auto-check-trustdb
              If GnuPG feels that its information about the Web of Trust has to  be  updated,  it
              automatically  runs  the  --check-trustdb  command  internally.  This may be a time
              consuming process. --no-auto-check-trustdb disables this option.

       --use-agent
       --no-use-agent
              This is dummy option. gpg always requires the agent.

       --gpg-agent-info
              This is dummy option. It has no effect when used with gpg.

       --agent-program file
              Specify an agent program to be used for secret key operations.  The  default  value
              is  determined  by running gpgconf with the option --list-dirs.  Note that the pipe
              symbol (|) is used for a regression test suite hack and may thus not be used in the
              file name.

       --dirmngr-program file
              Specify  a  dirmngr  program to be used for keyserver access.  The default value is
              ‘/usr/bin/dirmngr’.

       --disable-dirmngr
              Entirely disable the use of the Dirmngr.

       --no-autostart
              Do not start the gpg-agent or the dirmngr if it has not yet been  started  and  its
              service is required.  This option is mostly useful on machines where the connection
              to gpg-agent has been redirected to another machines.  If dirmngr  is  required  on
              the remote machine, it may be started manually using gpgconf --launch dirmngr.

       --lock-once
              Lock  the  databases the first time a lock is requested and do not release the lock
              until the process terminates.

       --lock-multiple
              Release the locks every time a lock is no longer needed. Use  this  to  override  a
              previous --lock-once from a config file.

       --lock-never
              Disable  locking  entirely.  This  option  should  be  used  only  in  very special
              environments, where it can be assured that only  one  process  is  accessing  those
              files.  A  bootable  floppy  with a stand-alone encryption system will probably use
              this. Improper usage of this option may lead to data and key corruption.

       --exit-on-status-write-error
              This option will cause write errors on the status FD to immediately  terminate  the
              process.  That  should in fact be the default but it never worked this way and thus
              we need an option to enable this, so that the change won't break applications which
              close  their  end  of a status fd connected pipe too early. Using this option along
              with --enable-progress-filter may be  used  to  cleanly  cancel  long  running  gpg
              operations.

       --limit-card-insert-tries n
              With  n  greater  than  0  the  number of prompts asking to insert a smartcard gets
              limited to N-1. Thus with a value of 1 gpg won't at all ask to  insert  a  card  if
              none  has been inserted at startup. This option is useful in the configuration file
              in case an application does not know about  the  smartcard  support  and  waits  ad
              infinitum for an inserted card.

       --no-random-seed-file
              GnuPG  uses  a file to store its internal random pool over invocations.  This makes
              random generation faster; however sometimes write operations are not desired.  This
              option can be used to achieve that with the cost of slower random generation.

       --no-greeting
              Suppress the initial copyright message.

       --no-secmem-warning
              Suppress the warning about "using insecure memory".

       --no-permission-warning
              Suppress  the warning about unsafe file and home directory (--homedir) permissions.
              Note that the permission  checks  that  GnuPG  performs  are  not  intended  to  be
              authoritative,  but  rather  they  simply  warn  about  certain  common  permission
              problems. Do not assume that the lack of  a  warning  means  that  your  system  is
              secure.

              Note  that the warning for unsafe --homedir permissions cannot be suppressed in the
              gpg.conf file, as this would allow an attacker to place an unsafe gpg.conf file  in
              place,  and  use  this  file  to  suppress  warnings  about  itself.  The --homedir
              permissions warning may only be suppressed on the command line.

       --require-secmem
       --no-require-secmem
              Refuse to run if GnuPG cannot get secure memory. Defaults to no (i.e. run, but give
              a warning).

       --require-cross-certification
       --no-require-cross-certification
              When  verifying a signature made from a subkey, ensure that the cross certification
              "back signature" on the subkey is present  and  valid.   This  protects  against  a
              subtle  attack  against  subkeys  that  can  sign.   Defaults  to  --require-cross-
              certification for gpg.

       --expert
       --no-expert
              Allow the user to do certain nonsensical or "silly" things like signing an  expired
              or  revoked key, or certain potentially incompatible things like generating unusual
              key  types.  This  also  disables  certain  warning  messages   about   potentially
              incompatible  actions. As the name implies, this option is for experts only. If you
              don't fully understand the implications of what it allows you  to  do,  leave  this
              off. --no-expert disables this option.

   Key related options

       --recipient name
       -r     Encrypt  for  user  id name. If this option or --hidden-recipient is not specified,
              GnuPG asks for the user-id unless --default-recipient is given.

       --hidden-recipient name
       -R     Encrypt for user ID name, but hide the key ID of this user's key. This option helps
              to hide the receiver of the message and is a limited countermeasure against traffic
              analysis. If this option or --recipient is not specified, GnuPG asks for  the  user
              ID unless --default-recipient is given.

       --recipient-file file
       -f     This  option  is  similar to --recipient except that it encrypts to a key stored in
              the given file.  file must be the name of a file containing exactly one  key.   gpg
              assumes that the key in this file is fully valid.

       --hidden-recipient-file file
       -F     This  option  is  similar  to  --hidden-recipient  except that it encrypts to a key
              stored in the given file.  file must be the name of a file containing  exactly  one
              key.  gpg assumes that the key in this file is fully valid.

       --encrypt-to name
              Same as --recipient but this one is intended for use in the options file and may be
              used with your own user-id as an "encrypt-to-self". These keys are only  used  when
              there  are other recipients given either by use of --recipient or by the asked user
              id.  No trust checking is performed for these user ids and even disabled  keys  can
              be used.

       --hidden-encrypt-to name
              Same as --hidden-recipient but this one is intended for use in the options file and
              may be used with your own user-id as a hidden  "encrypt-to-self".  These  keys  are
              only  used when there are other recipients given either by use of --recipient or by
              the asked user id.  No trust checking is performed for  these  user  ids  and  even
              disabled keys can be used.

       --no-encrypt-to
              Disable the use of all --encrypt-to and --hidden-encrypt-to keys.

       --group {name=value}
              Sets up a named group, which is similar to aliases in email programs.  Any time the
              group name is a recipient (-r or --recipient), it will be expanded  to  the  values
              specified.  Multiple  groups  with  the  same  name are automatically merged into a
              single group.

              The values are key IDs or fingerprints, but any key description is  accepted.  Note
              that  a  value with spaces in it will be treated as two different values. Note also
              there is only one level of expansion --- you cannot make an group  that  points  to
              another  group.  When  used from the command line, it may be necessary to quote the
              argument to this  option  to  prevent  the  shell  from  treating  it  as  multiple
              arguments.

       --ungroup name
              Remove a given entry from the --group list.

       --no-groups
              Remove all entries from the --group list.

       --local-user name
       -u     Use name as the key to sign with. Note that this option overrides --default-key.

       --sender mbox
              This option has two purposes.  mbox must either be a complete user id with a proper
              mail address or just a mail address.  When creating a signature this  option  tells
              gpg  the  user  id  of  a  key used to make a signature if the key was not directly
              specified by a user id.  When verifying a signature the mbox is  used  to  restrict
              the information printed by the TOFU code to matching user ids.

       --try-secret-key name
              For  hidden recipients GPG needs to know the keys to use for trial decryption.  The
              key set with --default-key is always tried first, but this is often not sufficient.
              This option allows setting more keys to be used for trial decryption.  Although any
              valid user-id specification may be used for name it makes sense to use at least the
              long keyid to avoid ambiguities.  Note that gpg-agent might pop up a pinentry for a
              lot keys to do the trial decryption.   If  you  want  to  stop  all  further  trial
              decryption you may use close-window button instead of the cancel button.

       --try-all-secrets
              Don't  look  at the key ID as stored in the message but try all secret keys in turn
              to find the right decryption key. This option  forces  the  behaviour  as  used  by
              anonymous  recipients  (created  by using --throw-keyids or --hidden-recipient) and
              might come handy in case where an encrypted message contains a bogus key ID.

       --skip-hidden-recipients
       --no-skip-hidden-recipients
              During decryption skip all anonymous recipients.  This option  helps  in  the  case
              that people use the hidden recipients feature to hide their own encrypt-to key from
              others.  If one has many secret keys this may lead to a major annoyance because all
              keys  are  tried in turn to decrypt something which was not really intended for it.
              The drawback of this option is that it is  currently  not  possible  to  decrypt  a
              message which includes real anonymous recipients.

   Input and Output

       --armor
       -a     Create ASCII armored output.  The default is to create the binary OpenPGP format.

       --no-armor
              Assume the input data is not in ASCII armored format.

       --output file
       -o file
              Write output to file.  To write to stdout use - as the filename.

       --max-output n
              This  option  sets  a  limit  on  the  number  of bytes that will be generated when
              processing a file. Since OpenPGP supports various  levels  of  compression,  it  is
              possible that the plaintext of a given message may be significantly larger than the
              original OpenPGP message. While GnuPG works properly with such messages,  there  is
              often  a desire to set a maximum file size that will be generated before processing
              is forced to stop by the OS limits. Defaults to 0, which means "no limit".

       --input-size-hint n
              This option can be used to tell GPG the size of the input data in bytes.  n must be
              a  positive  base-10  number.  This option is only useful if the input is not taken
              from a file.  GPG may use this hint to optimize its buffer allocation strategy.  It
              is  also used by the --status-fd line ``PROGRESS'' to provide a value for ``total''
              if that is not available by other means.

       --key-origin string[,url]
              gpg can track the origin of a key.  Certain  origins  are  implicitly  known  (e.g.
              keyserver,  web  key  directory)  and set.  For a standard import the origin of the
              keys imported can be set with this option.  To list the possible values use  "help"
              for  string.   Some  origins  can  store  an  optional  url argument.  That URL can
              appended to string after a comma.

       --import-options parameters
              This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options  for  importing  keys.
              Options  can  be  prepended  with a `no-' to give the opposite meaning. The options
              are:

              import-local-sigs
                     Allow importing key signatures marked as  "local".  This  is  not  generally
                     useful unless a shared keyring scheme is being used.  Defaults to no.

              keep-ownertrust
                     Normally possible still existing ownertrust values of a key are cleared if a
                     key is imported.  This is in general desirable so that  a  formerly  deleted
                     key  does  not automatically gain an ownertrust values merely due to import.
                     On the other hand it is sometimes necessary to re-import a  trusted  set  of
                     keys  again  but  keeping  already  assigned ownertrust values.  This can be
                     achieved by using this option.

              repair-pks-subkey-bug
                     During import, attempt to repair the damage caused by the PKS keyserver  bug
                     (pre  version 0.9.6) that mangles keys with multiple subkeys. Note that this
                     cannot completely repair the damaged key as some crucial data is removed  by
                     the keyserver, but it does at least give you back one subkey. Defaults to no
                     for regular --import and to yes for keyserver --receive-keys.

              import-show
              show-only
                     Show a listing of the key as imported right before it is stored.   This  can
                     be combined with the option --dry-run to only look at keys; the option show-
                     only is a shortcut for this combination.  The command --show-keys is another
                     shortcut  for  this.   Note that suffixes like '#' for "sec" and "sbb" lines
                     may or may not be printed.

              import-export
                     Run the entire import code but instead of  storing  the  key  to  the  local
                     keyring  write  it to the output.  The export options export-pka and export-
                     dane affect the output.  This option can be used to remove all invalid parts
                     from a key without the need to store it.

              merge-only
                     During  import, allow key updates to existing keys, but do not allow any new
                     keys to be imported. Defaults to no.

              import-clean
                     After import, compact (remove all signatures except the self-signature)  any
                     user  IDs from the new key that are not usable.  Then, remove any signatures
                     from the new key that are not usable.  This includes  signatures  that  were
                     issued  by keys that are not present on the keyring. This option is the same
                     as running the --edit-key command "clean" after import. Defaults to no.

              self-sigs-only
                     Accept only self-signatures while importing a key.  All other key signatures
                     are  skipped  at  an  early  import  stage.   This  option  can be used with
                     keyserver-options to mitigate attempts to flood a key with bogus  signatures
                     from  a  keyserver.  The drawback is that all other valid key signatures, as
                     required by the Web of Trust are also not imported.  Note  that  when  using
                     this option along with import-clean it suppresses the final clean step after
                     merging the imported key into the existing key.

              repair-keys
                     After import, fix  various  problems  with  the  keys.   For  example,  this
                     reorders signatures, and strips duplicate signatures.  Defaults to yes.

              import-minimal
                     Import  the  smallest  key  possible. This removes all signatures except the
                     most recent self-signature on each user ID.  This  option  is  the  same  as
                     running the --edit-key command "minimize" after import.  Defaults to no.

              restore
              import-restore
                     Import  in key restore mode.  This imports all data which is usually skipped
                     during import; including all GnuPG specific data.  All  other  contradicting
                     options are overridden.

       --import-filter {name=expr}
       --export-filter {name=expr}
              These   options   define   an   import/export  filter  which  are  applied  to  the
              imported/exported keyblock right before it will be  stored/written.   name  defines
              the type of filter to use, expr the expression to evaluate.  The option can be used
              several times which then appends more expression to the same name.

              The available filter types are:

              keep-uid
                     This filter will keep a user id packet and  its  dependent  packets  in  the
                     keyblock if the expression evaluates to true.

              drop-subkey
                     This  filter  drops  the  selected  subkeys.  Currently only implemented for
                     --export-filter.

              drop-sig
                     This filter drops the selected key signatures on user ids.   Self-signatures
                     are not considered.  Currently only implemented for --import-filter.

       For the syntax of the expression see the chapter "FILTER EXPRESSIONS".  The property names
       for the expressions depend on the actual filter type and are indicated  in  the  following
       table.

       The available properties are:

              uid    A string with the user id.  (keep-uid)

              mbox   The  addr-spec  part  of a user id with mailbox or the empty string.  (keep-
                     uid)

              key_algo
                     A number with the public key algorithm of a key or  subkey  packet.   (drop-
                     subkey)

              key_created
              key_created_d
                     The  first  is the timestamp a public key or subkey packet was created.  The
                     second is the same but given as an ISO  string,  e.g.  "2016-08-17".  (drop-
                     subkey)

              primary
                     Boolean indicating whether the user id is the primary one.  (keep-uid)

              expired
                     Boolean  indicating  whether a user id (keep-uid), a key (drop-subkey), or a
                     signature (drop-sig) expired.

              revoked
                     Boolean indicating whether a user id (keep-uid) or a key  (drop-subkey)  has
                     been revoked.

              disabled
                     Boolean indicating whether a primary key is disabled. (not used)

              secret Boolean indicating whether a key or subkey is a secret one.  (drop-subkey)

              usage  A  string  indicating  the  usage  flags  for  the subkey, from the sequence
                     ``ecsa?''.  For example, a subkey capable of just signing and authentication
                     would be an exact match for ``sa''. (drop-subkey)

              sig_created
              sig_created_d
                     The  first  is  the timestamp a signature packet was created.  The second is
                     the same but given as an ISO date string, e.g. "2016-08-17". (drop-sig)

              sig_algo
                     A number with the public key algorithm of a signature packet. (drop-sig)

              sig_digest_algo
                     A number with the digest algorithm of a signature packet. (drop-sig)

       --export-options parameters
              This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options  for  exporting  keys.
              Options  can  be  prepended with a `no-' to give the opposite meaning.  The options
              are:

              export-local-sigs
                     Allow exporting key signatures marked as  "local".  This  is  not  generally
                     useful unless a shared keyring scheme is being used.  Defaults to no.

              export-attributes
                     Include  attribute  user  IDs  (photo  IDs)  while  exporting. Not including
                     attribute user IDs is useful to export keys that are going to be used by  an
                     OpenPGP program that does not accept attribute user IDs.  Defaults to yes.

              export-sensitive-revkeys
                     Include  designated  revoker  information  that  was  marked as "sensitive".
                     Defaults to no.

              backup
              export-backup
                     Export for use as a backup.  The exported data includes all  data  which  is
                     needed to restore the key or keys later with GnuPG.  The format is basically
                     the OpenPGP format  but  enhanced  with  GnuPG  specific  data.   All  other
                     contradicting options are overridden.

              export-clean
                     Compact  (remove  all signatures from) user IDs on the key being exported if
                     the user IDs are not usable. Also, do not export any signatures that are not
                     usable.  This  includes  signatures  that  were  issued by keys that are not
                     present on the keyring. This option is the same as  running  the  --edit-key
                     command  "clean"  before export except that the local copy of the key is not
                     modified. Defaults to no.

              export-minimal
                     Export the smallest key possible. This removes  all  signatures  except  the
                     most  recent  self-signature  on  each  user  ID. This option is the same as
                     running the --edit-key command "minimize"  before  export  except  that  the
                     local copy of the key is not modified. Defaults to no.

              export-pka
                     Instead  of  outputting  the key material output PKA records suitable to put
                     into DNS zone files.  An ORIGIN line is printed before each record to  allow
                     diverting the records to the corresponding zone file.

              export-dane
                     Instead  of outputting the key material output OpenPGP DANE records suitable
                     to put into DNS zone files.  An ORIGIN line is printed before each record to
                     allow diverting the records to the corresponding zone file.

       --with-colons
              Print  key  listings  delimited  by colons. Note that the output will be encoded in
              UTF-8 regardless of any --display-charset setting. This format is useful when GnuPG
              is  called  from  scripts  and  other  programs as it is easily machine parsed. The
              details of this format are documented in the file ‘doc/DETAILS’, which is  included
              in the GnuPG source distribution.

       --fixed-list-mode
              Do not merge primary user ID and primary key in --with-colon listing mode and print
              all timestamps as seconds since 1970-01-01.   Since  GnuPG  2.0.10,  this  mode  is
              always used and thus this option is obsolete; it does not harm to use it though.

       --legacy-list-mode
              Revert  to  the pre-2.1 public key list mode.  This only affects the human readable
              output and not the machine interface (i.e. --with-colons).  Note  that  the  legacy
              format does not convey suitable information for elliptic curves.

       --with-fingerprint
              Same as the command --fingerprint but changes only the format of the output and may
              be used together with another command.

       --with-subkey-fingerprint
              If a fingerprint is printed for the primary key, this option forces printing of the
              fingerprint  for  all  subkeys.   This  could also be achieved by using the --with-
              fingerprint twice but by using this option along with keyid-format "none" a compact
              fingerprint is printed.

       --with-icao-spelling
              Print the ICAO spelling of the fingerprint in addition to the hex digits.

       --with-keygrip
              Include  the keygrip in the key listings.  In --with-colons mode this is implicitly
              enable for secret keys.

       --with-key-origin
              Include the locally held information on the origin and last update of a  key  in  a
              key listing.  In --with-colons mode this is always printed.  This data is currently
              experimental and shall not be considered part of the stable API.

       --with-wkd-hash
              Print a Web Key Directory identifier along with each user ID in key listings.  This
              is an experimental feature and semantics may change.

       --with-secret
              Include  info  about  the presence of a secret key in public key listings done with
              --with-colons.

   OpenPGP protocol specific options

       -t, --textmode
       --no-textmode
              Treat input files as text and store them in the OpenPGP canonical  text  form  with
              standard  "CRLF"  line  endings.  This  also sets the necessary flags to inform the
              recipient that the encrypted or signed data is text and may need its  line  endings
              converted  back  to  whatever  the  local  system  uses. This option is useful when
              communicating between two platforms that have  different  line  ending  conventions
              (UNIX-like to Mac, Mac to Windows, etc). --no-textmode disables this option, and is
              the default.

       --force-v3-sigs
       --no-force-v3-sigs

       --force-v4-certs
       --no-force-v4-certs
              These options are obsolete and have no effect since GnuPG 2.1.

       --force-mdc
       --disable-mdc
              These options are obsolete and have no effect since GnuPG 2.2.8.  The MDC is always
              used.   But  note:  If  the  creation  of a legacy non-MDC message is exceptionally
              required, the option --rfc2440 allows for this.

       --disable-signer-uid
              By default the user ID of the signing key is embedded in the data signature.  As of
              now this is only done if the signing key has been specified with local-user using a
              mail address, or with sender.  This information can  be  helpful  for  verifier  to
              locate the key; see option --auto-key-retrieve.

       --personal-cipher-preferences string
              Set  the list of personal cipher preferences to string.  Use gpg --version to get a
              list of available algorithms, and use none to  set  no  preference  at  all.   This
              allows  the  user  to  safely  override  the  algorithm chosen by the recipient key
              preferences, as GPG will only select an algorithm that is usable by all recipients.
              The  most  highly  ranked  cipher  in  this  list  is also used for the --symmetric
              encryption command.

       --personal-digest-preferences string
              Set the list of personal digest preferences to string.  Use gpg --version to get  a
              list  of  available  algorithms,  and  use  none to set no preference at all.  This
              allows the user to safely override  the  algorithm  chosen  by  the  recipient  key
              preferences, as GPG will only select an algorithm that is usable by all recipients.
              The most highly ranked digest algorithm in this list  is  also  used  when  signing
              without encryption (e.g. --clear-sign or --sign).

       --personal-compress-preferences string
              Set  the  list of personal compression preferences to string.  Use gpg --version to
              get a list of available algorithms, and use none to set no preference at all.  This
              allows  the  user  to  safely  override  the  algorithm chosen by the recipient key
              preferences, as GPG will only select an algorithm that is usable by all recipients.
              The  most  highly ranked compression algorithm in this list is also used when there
              are no recipient keys to consider (e.g. --symmetric).

       --s2k-cipher-algo name
              Use name as the cipher algorithm for symmetric  encryption  with  a  passphrase  if
              --personal-cipher-preferences  and  --cipher-algo  are  not  given.  The default is
              AES-128.

       --s2k-digest-algo name
              Use name as the digest algorithm used  to  mangle  the  passphrases  for  symmetric
              encryption.  The default is SHA-1.

       --s2k-mode n
              Selects  how  passphrases  for  symmetric encryption are mangled. If n is 0 a plain
              passphrase (which is in general not recommended) will be used,  a  1  adds  a  salt
              (which  should  not  be  used) to the passphrase and a 3 (the default) iterates the
              whole process a number of times (see --s2k-count).

       --s2k-count n
              Specify how many  times  the  passphrases  mangling  for  symmetric  encryption  is
              repeated.   This  value may range between 1024 and 65011712 inclusive.  The default
              is inquired from gpg-agent.  Note that not all values in  the  1024-65011712  range
              are  legal  and if an illegal value is selected, GnuPG will round up to the nearest
              legal value.  This option is only meaningful if --s2k-mode is set to the default of
              3.

   Compliance options

       These  options control what GnuPG is compliant to. Only one of these options may be active
       at a time. Note that the default setting of this is nearly always the correct one. See the
       INTEROPERABILITY  WITH  OTHER  OPENPGP  PROGRAMS  section  below before using one of these
       options.

       --gnupg
              Use standard GnuPG behavior. This is essentially OpenPGP behavior (see  --openpgp),
              but with some additional workarounds for common compatibility problems in different
              versions of PGP. This is the default option, so it is not generally needed, but  it
              may be useful to override a different compliance option in the gpg.conf file.

       --openpgp
              Reset  all  packet,  cipher and digest options to strict OpenPGP behavior. Use this
              option to reset all previous options like --s2k-*, --cipher-algo, --digest-algo and
              --compress-algo to OpenPGP compliant values. All PGP workarounds are disabled.

       --rfc4880
              Reset  all packet, cipher and digest options to strict RFC-4880 behavior. Note that
              this is currently the same thing as --openpgp.

       --rfc4880bis
              Enable experimental features from proposed updates to RFC-4880.  This option can be
              used in addition to the other compliance options.  Warning: The behavior may change
              with any GnuPG release and created keys or data may not be usable with future GnuPG
              versions.

       --rfc2440
              Reset all packet, cipher and digest options to strict RFC-2440 behavior.  Note that
              by using this option encryption packets are created in a legacy  mode  without  MDC
              protection.   This  is dangerous and should thus only be used for experiments.  See
              also option --ignore-mdc-error.

       --pgp6 Set up all options to be as PGP 6 compliant as possible. This restricts you to  the
              ciphers  IDEA  (if  the IDEA plugin is installed), 3DES, and CAST5, the hashes MD5,
              SHA1 and RIPEMD160, and the compression algorithms none and ZIP. This also disables
              --throw-keyids,  and  making  signatures  with  signing  subkeys  as PGP 6 does not
              understand signatures made by signing subkeys.

              This option implies --escape-from-lines.

       --pgp7 Set up all options to be as PGP 7 compliant  as  possible.  This  is  identical  to
              --pgp6  except  that  MDCs  are  not disabled, and the list of allowable ciphers is
              expanded to add AES128, AES192, AES256, and TWOFISH.

       --pgp8 Set up all options to be as PGP 8 compliant as possible. PGP 8 is a lot  closer  to
              the  OpenPGP  standard  than  previous versions of PGP, so all this does is disable
              --throw-keyids and set --escape-from-lines.  All algorithms are allowed except  for
              the SHA224, SHA384, and SHA512 digests.

       --compliance string
              This  option  can  be  used  instead of one of the options above.  Valid values for
              string are the above option names (without the double dash) and possibly others  as
              shown when using "help" for value.

   Doing things one usually doesn't want to do

       -n
       --dry-run
              Don't make any changes (this is not completely implemented).

       --list-only
              Changes  the  behaviour  of  some commands. This is like --dry-run but different in
              some cases. The semantic of this option may be extended in the future. Currently it
              only  skips  the actual decryption pass and therefore enables a fast listing of the
              encryption keys.

       -i
       --interactive
              Prompt before overwriting any files.

       --debug-level level
              Select the debug level for investigating problems. level may be a numeric value  or
              by a keyword:

              none   No  debugging  at  all.   A  value of less than 1 may be used instead of the
                     keyword.

              basic  Some basic debug messages.  A value between 1 and 2 may be used  instead  of
                     the keyword.

              advanced
                     More verbose debug messages.  A value between 3 and 5 may be used instead of
                     the keyword.

              expert Even more detailed messages.  A value between 6 and 8 may be used instead of
                     the keyword.

              guru   All  of  the  debug messages you can get. A value greater than 8 may be used
                     instead of the keyword.  The creation of hash tracing files is only  enabled
                     if the keyword is used.

       How  these  messages  are  mapped  to  the actual debugging flags is not specified and may
       change with newer releases of this program. They are however carefully  selected  to  best
       aid in debugging.

       --debug flags
              Set  debugging  flags. All flags are or-ed and flags may be given in C syntax (e.g.
              0x0042) or as a comma separated list of flag names.  To get a list of all supported
              flags the single word "help" can be used.

       --debug-all
              Set all useful debugging flags.

       --debug-iolbf
              Set  stdout into line buffered mode.  This option is only honored when given on the
              command line.

       --faked-system-time epoch
              This option is only useful for testing; it sets the system time back  or  forth  to
              epoch  which  is  the number of seconds elapsed since the year 1970.  Alternatively
              epoch may be given as a full ISO time string (e.g. "20070924T154812").

              If you suffix epoch with an exclamation mark (!), the system time will appear to be
              frozen at the specified time.

       --enable-progress-filter
              Enable  certain  PROGRESS status outputs. This option allows frontends to display a
              progress indicator while gpg  is  processing  larger  files.   There  is  a  slight
              performance overhead using it.

       --status-fd n
              Write special status strings to the file descriptor n.  See the file DETAILS in the
              documentation for a listing of them.

       --status-file file
              Same as --status-fd, except the status data is written to file file.

       --logger-fd n
              Write log output to file descriptor n and not to STDERR.

       --log-file file
       --logger-file file
              Same as --logger-fd,  except  the  logger  data  is  written  to  file  file.   Use
              ‘socket://’  to  log  to a socket.  Note that in this version of gpg the option has
              only an effect if --batch is also used.

       --attribute-fd n
              Write attribute subpackets to the file descriptor n. This is most  useful  for  use
              with  --status-fd, since the status messages are needed to separate out the various
              subpackets from the stream delivered to the file descriptor.

       --attribute-file file
              Same as --attribute-fd, except the attribute data is written to file file.

       --comment string
       --no-comments
              Use string as a comment string in cleartext signatures and ASCII  armored  messages
              or  keys  (see  --armor).  The  default  behavior  is  not to use a comment string.
              --comment may be repeated multiple times to get  multiple  comment  strings.  --no-
              comments  removes  all  comments.  It is a good idea to keep the length of a single
              comment below 60 characters to avoid problems  with  mail  programs  wrapping  such
              lines.   Note that comment lines, like all other header lines, are not protected by
              the signature.

       --emit-version
       --no-emit-version
              Force inclusion of the version string in ASCII armored output.  If given once  only
              the  name  of the program and the major number is emitted, given twice the minor is
              also emitted, given thrice the micro is added, and given four  times  an  operating
              system  identification  is  also emitted.  --no-emit-version (default) disables the
              version line.

       --sig-notation {name=value}
       --cert-notation {name=value}
       -N, --set-notation {name=value}
              Put the name value pair into the signature as notation  data.   name  must  consist
              only  of  printable  characters  or spaces, and must contain a '@' character in the
              form keyname@domain.example.com (substituting the appropriate  keyname  and  domain
              name,  of course).  This is to help prevent pollution of the IETF reserved notation
              namespace. The --expert flag overrides the '@' check. value may  be  any  printable
              string;  it  will  be  encoded  in  UTF-8, so you should check that your --display-
              charset is set correctly. If you prefix name with  an  exclamation  mark  (!),  the
              notation data will be flagged as critical (rfc4880:5.2.3.16). --sig-notation sets a
              notation for data signatures. --cert-notation sets a notation  for  key  signatures
              (certifications). --set-notation sets both.

              There  are  special codes that may be used in notation names. "%k" will be expanded
              into the key ID of the key being signed, "%K" into the long key ID of the key being
              signed,  "%f" into the fingerprint of the key being signed, "%s" into the key ID of
              the key making the signature, "%S" into the long key  ID  of  the  key  making  the
              signature,  "%g"  into the fingerprint of the key making the signature (which might
              be a subkey), "%p" into the fingerprint of the primary key of the  key  making  the
              signature,  "%c"  into  the  signature  count  from the OpenPGP smartcard, and "%%"
              results in a single "%". %k, %K, and %f are  only  meaningful  when  making  a  key
              signature  (certification),  and  %c  is  only  meaningful  when  using the OpenPGP
              smartcard.

       --known-notation name
              Adds name to a list of known critical signature notations.  The effect of  this  is
              that  gpg will not mark a signature with a critical signature notation of that name
              as bad.  Note that gpg already knows by default about  a  few  critical  signatures
              notation names.

       --sig-policy-url string
       --cert-policy-url string
       --set-policy-url string
              Use  string  as  a  Policy URL for signatures (rfc4880:5.2.3.20).  If you prefix it
              with an exclamation mark (!), the policy URL packet will be  flagged  as  critical.
              --sig-policy-url  sets  a  policy url for data signatures. --cert-policy-url sets a
              policy url for key signatures (certifications). --set-policy-url sets both.

              The same %-expandos used for notation data are available here as well.

       --sig-keyserver-url string
              Use string as a preferred keyserver URL for data signatures. If you prefix it  with
              an exclamation mark (!), the keyserver URL packet will be flagged as critical.

              The same %-expandos used for notation data are available here as well.

       --set-filename string
              Use  string  as  the  filename which is stored inside messages.  This overrides the
              default, which is to use the actual filename of the file  being  encrypted.   Using
              the empty string for string effectively removes the filename from the output.

       --for-your-eyes-only
       --no-for-your-eyes-only
              Set  the  `for  your eyes only' flag in the message. This causes GnuPG to refuse to
              save the file unless the --output option is given, and PGP to use a "secure viewer"
              with a claimed Tempest-resistant font to display the message. This option overrides
              --set-filename.  --no-for-your-eyes-only disables this option.

       --use-embedded-filename
       --no-use-embedded-filename
              Try to create a file with a name as embedded in the data. This can be  a  dangerous
              option  as  it  enables  overwriting  files.  Defaults to no.  Note that the option
              --output overrides this option.

       --cipher-algo name
              Use name as cipher algorithm. Running the program with the command --version yields
              a  list  of  supported  algorithms.  If  this  is  not used the cipher algorithm is
              selected from the preferences stored with the key. In general, you do not  want  to
              use  this  option  as  it  allows you to violate the OpenPGP standard.  --personal-
              cipher-preferences is the safe way to accomplish the same thing.

       --digest-algo name
              Use name as the message digest algorithm. Running  the  program  with  the  command
              --version yields a list of supported algorithms. In general, you do not want to use
              this option as it allows you to violate the  OpenPGP  standard.  --personal-digest-
              preferences is the safe way to accomplish the same thing.

       --compress-algo name
              Use  compression  algorithm  name.  "zlib"  is  RFC-1950 ZLIB compression. "zip" is
              RFC-1951 ZIP  compression  which  is  used  by  PGP.   "bzip2"  is  a  more  modern
              compression  scheme  that  can compress some things better than zip or zlib, but at
              the cost of more memory used during compression and  decompression.  "uncompressed"
              or "none" disables compression. If this option is not used, the default behavior is
              to examine the recipient key preferences to  see  which  algorithms  the  recipient
              supports. If all else fails, ZIP is used for maximum compatibility.

              ZLIB  may  give better compression results than ZIP, as the compression window size
              is not limited to 8k. BZIP2 may give even better compression results than that, but
              will   use   a   significantly  larger  amount  of  memory  while  compressing  and
              decompressing. This may be significant in low  memory  situations.  Note,  however,
              that  PGP  (all  versions) only supports ZIP compression. Using any algorithm other
              than ZIP or "none" will make the message unreadable with PGP. In  general,  you  do
              not  want  to  use  this  option  as it allows you to violate the OpenPGP standard.
              --personal-compress-preferences is the safe way to accomplish the same thing.

       --cert-digest-algo name
              Use name as the message digest algorithm used  when  signing  a  key.  Running  the
              program  with the command --version yields a list of supported algorithms. Be aware
              that  if  you  choose  an  algorithm  that  GnuPG  supports   but   other   OpenPGP
              implementations  do not, then some users will not be able to use the key signatures
              you make, or quite possibly your entire key.

       --disable-cipher-algo name
              Never allow the use of name as cipher  algorithm.   The  given  name  will  not  be
              checked so that a later loaded algorithm will still get disabled.

       --disable-pubkey-algo name
              Never  allow  the  use of name as public key algorithm.  The given name will not be
              checked so that a later loaded algorithm will still get disabled.

       --throw-keyids
       --no-throw-keyids
              Do not put the recipient key IDs into encrypted messages. This helps  to  hide  the
              receivers  of the message and is a limited countermeasure against traffic analysis.
              ([Using a little social engineering anyone who is able to decrypt the  message  can
              check  whether  one  of  the  other  recipients  is  the one he suspects.])  On the
              receiving side, it may slow down  the  decryption  process  because  all  available
              secret  keys must be tried.  --no-throw-keyids disables this option. This option is
              essentially the same as using --hidden-recipient for all recipients.

       --not-dash-escaped
              This option changes the behavior of cleartext signatures so that they can  be  used
              for  patch  files.  You  should not send such an armored file via email because all
              spaces and line endings are hashed too. You can not use this option for data  which
              has  5  dashes  at  the beginning of a line, patch files don't have this. A special
              armor header line tells GnuPG about this cleartext signature option.

       --escape-from-lines
       --no-escape-from-lines
              Because some mailers change lines starting with "From " to ">From " it is  good  to
              handle  such  lines  in a special way when creating cleartext signatures to prevent
              the mail system from breaking the signature. Note that all other PGP versions do it
              this way too.  Enabled by default. --no-escape-from-lines disables this option.

       --passphrase-repeat n
              Specify  how  many  times  gpg  will request a new passphrase be repeated.  This is
              useful for helping memorize a passphrase.  Defaults to 1 repetition.

       --passphrase-fd n
              Read the passphrase from file descriptor n. Only the first line will be  read  from
              file descriptor n. If you use 0 for n, the passphrase will be read from STDIN. This
              can only be used if only one passphrase is supplied.

              Note that since Version 2.0 this passphrase is only used if the option --batch  has
              also  been  given.  Since  Version  2.1 the --pinentry-mode also needs to be set to
              loopback.

       --passphrase-file file
              Read the passphrase from file file. Only the first line  will  be  read  from  file
              file.  This  can  only  be  used  if  only one passphrase is supplied. Obviously, a
              passphrase stored in a file is of questionable security if  other  users  can  read
              this file. Don't use this option if you can avoid it.

              Note  that since Version 2.0 this passphrase is only used if the option --batch has
              also been given. Since Version 2.1 the --pinentry-mode also  needs  to  be  set  to
              loopback.

       --passphrase string
              Use  string  as  the  passphrase.  This  can only be used if only one passphrase is
              supplied. Obviously, this is of very questionable security on a multi-user  system.
              Don't use this option if you can avoid it.

              Note  that since Version 2.0 this passphrase is only used if the option --batch has
              also been given. Since Version 2.1 the --pinentry-mode also  needs  to  be  set  to
              loopback.

       --pinentry-mode mode
              Set the pinentry mode to mode.  Allowed values for mode are:

              default
                     Use the default of the agent, which is ask.

              ask    Force the use of the Pinentry.

              cancel Emulate use of Pinentry's cancel button.

              error  Return a Pinentry error (``No Pinentry'').

              loopback
                     Redirect  Pinentry queries to the caller.  Note that in contrast to Pinentry
                     the user is not prompted again if he enters a bad password.

       --no-symkey-cache
              Disable the passphrase cache used for symmetrical en- and decryption.   This  cache
              is based on the message specific salt value (cf. --s2k-mode).

       --request-origin origin
              Tell  gpg  to assume that the operation ultimately originated at origin.  Depending
              on the origin certain restrictions are applied and  the  Pinentry  may  include  an
              extra  note  on  the  origin.   Supported values for origin are: local which is the
              default, remote to indicate a remote origin or browser for an  operation  requested
              by a web browser.

       --command-fd n
              This is a replacement for the deprecated shared-memory IPC mode.  If this option is
              enabled, user input on questions is not expected from the TTY but  from  the  given
              file  descriptor.  It  should  be  used  together  with  --status-fd.  See the file
              doc/DETAILS in the source distribution for details on how to use it.

       --command-file file
              Same as --command-fd, except the commands are read out of file file

       --allow-non-selfsigned-uid
       --no-allow-non-selfsigned-uid
              Allow the import and use of keys with user IDs which are not self-signed.  This  is
              not  recommended, as a non self-signed user ID is trivial to forge. --no-allow-non-
              selfsigned-uid disables.

       --allow-freeform-uid
              Disable all checks on the form of the user ID while  generating  a  new  one.  This
              option  should  only be used in very special environments as it does not ensure the
              de-facto standard format of user IDs.

       --ignore-time-conflict
              GnuPG normally checks that the timestamps associated with keys and signatures  have
              plausible values. However, sometimes a signature seems to be older than the key due
              to clock problems. This  option  makes  these  checks  just  a  warning.  See  also
              --ignore-valid-from for timestamp issues on subkeys.

       --ignore-valid-from
              GnuPG  normally does not select and use subkeys created in the future.  This option
              allows the use of such keys and thus exhibits the pre-1.0.7 behaviour.  You  should
              not  use  this  option  unless there is some clock problem. See also --ignore-time-
              conflict for timestamp issues with signatures.

       --ignore-crc-error
              The ASCII armor used by OpenPGP is protected by a CRC checksum against transmission
              errors. Occasionally the CRC gets mangled somewhere on the transmission channel but
              the actual content (which is protected by the OpenPGP  protocol  anyway)  is  still
              okay. This option allows GnuPG to ignore CRC errors.

       --ignore-mdc-error
              This  option  changes  a  MDC  integrity  protection failure into a warning.  It is
              required to decrypt old messages which did not use an MDC.  It may also  be  useful
              if  a  message  is  partially  garbled,  but it is necessary to get as much data as
              possible out of that garbled message.  Be aware that a missing or failed MDC can be
              an indication of an attack.  Use with great caution; see also option --rfc2440.

       --allow-weak-digest-algos
              Signatures  made  with  known-weak  digest algorithms are normally rejected with an
              ``invalid digest algorithm'' message.   This  option  allows  the  verification  of
              signatures  made  with  such  weak  algorithms.   MD5  is the only digest algorithm
              considered weak  by  default.   See  also  --weak-digest  to  reject  other  digest
              algorithms.

       --weak-digest name
              Treat  the  specified  digest algorithm as weak.  Signatures made over weak digests
              algorithms are normally rejected. This option can be  supplied  multiple  times  if
              multiple  algorithms should be considered weak.  See also --allow-weak-digest-algos
              to disable rejection of weak digests.  MD5 is always considered weak, and does  not
              need to be listed explicitly.

       --allow-weak-key-signatures
              To avoid a minor risk of collision attacks on third-party key signatures made using
              SHA-1, those key  signatures  are  considered  invalid.   This  options  allows  to
              override this restriction.

       --no-default-keyring
              Do  not  add the default keyrings to the list of keyrings. Note that GnuPG will not
              operate without any keyrings, so  if  you  use  this  option  and  do  not  provide
              alternate keyrings via --keyring or --secret-keyring, then GnuPG will still use the
              default public or secret keyrings.

       --no-keyring
              Do not use any keyring at all.  This overrides the default and  all  options  which
              specify keyrings.

       --skip-verify
              Skip  the  signature  verification  step.  This  may be used to make the decryption
              faster if the signature verification is not needed.

       --with-key-data
              Print key listings delimited by colons (like --with-colons) and  print  the  public
              key data.

       --list-signatures
       --list-sigs
              Same  as --list-keys, but the signatures are listed too.  This command has the same
              effect as using  --list-keys  with  --with-sig-list.   Note  that  in  contrast  to
              --check-signatures  the  key signatures are not verified.  This command can be used
              to create a list of signing keys missing in the local keyring; for example:

               gpg --list-sigs --with-colons USERID | \
                 awk -F: '$1=="sig" && $2=="?" {if($13){print $13}else{print $5}}'

       --fast-list-mode
              Changes the output of the list commands to work faster; this is achieved by leaving
              some  parts  empty.  Some  applications  don't  need  the  user  ID  and  the trust
              information given in the listings. By using this options  they  can  get  a  faster
              listing.  The exact behaviour of this option may change in future versions.  If you
              are missing some information, don't use this option.

       --no-literal
              This is not for normal use. Use the source to see for what it might be useful.

       --set-filesize
              This is not for normal use. Use the source to see for what it might be useful.

       --show-session-key
              Display the session key used for one message. See  --override-session-key  for  the
              counterpart of this option.

              We  think  that Key Escrow is a Bad Thing; however the user should have the freedom
              to decide whether to go to prison or to reveal the content of one specific  message
              without compromising all messages ever encrypted for one secret key.

              You  can  also use this option if you receive an encrypted message which is abusive
              or offensive, to prove to the administrators  of  the  messaging  system  that  the
              ciphertext  transmitted  corresponds to an inappropriate plaintext so they can take
              action against the offending user.

       --override-session-key string
       --override-session-key-fd fd
              Don't use the public key but the session key  string  respective  the  session  key
              taken  from the first line read from file descriptor fd.  The format of this string
              is the same as the one printed by --show-session-key. This option is  normally  not
              used  but  comes  handy  in  case  someone  forces  you to reveal the content of an
              encrypted message; using this option you can do this without handing out the secret
              key.   Note  that  using  --override-session-key  may reveal the session key to all
              local users via the global process table.  Often  it  is  useful  to  combine  this
              option with --no-keyring.

       --ask-sig-expire
       --no-ask-sig-expire
              When  making a data signature, prompt for an expiration time. If this option is not
              specified, the expiration time set via --default-sig-expire is used.  --no-ask-sig-
              expire disables this option.

       --default-sig-expire
              The  default  expiration time to use for signature expiration. Valid values are "0"
              for no expiration, a number followed by the letter d (for days), w (for  weeks),  m
              (for  months),  or y (for years) (for example "2m" for two months, or "5y" for five
              years), or an absolute date in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Defaults to "0".

       --ask-cert-expire
       --no-ask-cert-expire
              When making a key signature, prompt for an expiration time. If this option  is  not
              specified,  the  expiration  time  set via --default-cert-expire is used. --no-ask-
              cert-expire disables this option.

       --default-cert-expire
              The default expiration time to use for key signature expiration.  Valid values  are
              "0" for no expiration, a number followed by the letter d (for days), w (for weeks),
              m (for months), or y (for years) (for example "2m" for two months, or "5y" for five
              years), or an absolute date in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Defaults to "0".

       --default-new-key-algo string
              This  option  can  be used to change the default algorithms for key generation. The
              string is similar to the arguments required for  the  command  --quick-add-key  but
              slightly     different.      For     example     the     current     default     of
              "rsa2048/cert,sign+rsa2048/encr" (or "rsa3072") can be changed to the value of what
              we  currently  call future default, which is "ed25519/cert,sign+cv25519/encr".  You
              need to consult the source code to learn the details.  Note that the  advanced  key
              generation commands can always be used to specify a key algorithm directly.

       --allow-secret-key-import
              This is an obsolete option and is not used anywhere.

       --allow-multiple-messages

       --no-allow-multiple-messages
              Allow processing of multiple OpenPGP messages contained in a single file or stream.
              Some programs that call GPG are not prepared to deal with multiple  messages  being
              processed together, so this option defaults to no.  Note that versions of GPG prior
              to 1.4.7 always allowed multiple messages.

              Warning: Do not use this option unless you need it as a temporary workaround!

       --enable-special-filenames
              This option enables a mode in which filenames of the form ‘-&n’, where n is a  non-
              negative decimal number, refer to the file descriptor n and not to a file with that
              name.

       --no-expensive-trust-checks
              Experimental use only.

       --preserve-permissions
              Don't change the permissions of a secret keyring back to user read/write only.  Use
              this option only if you really know what you are doing.

       --default-preference-list string
              Set the list of default preferences to string. This preference list is used for new
              keys and becomes the default for "setpref" in the edit menu.

       --default-keyserver-url name
              Set the default keyserver URL to name. This keyserver will be used as the keyserver
              URL  when  writing a new self-signature on a key, which includes key generation and
              changing preferences.

       --list-config
              Display various internal configuration parameters of GnuPG. This option is intended
              for  external  programs that call GnuPG to perform tasks, and is thus not generally
              useful. See the file ‘doc/DETAILS’ in the source distribution for  the  details  of
              which  configuration items may be listed. --list-config is only usable with --with-
              colons set.

       --list-gcrypt-config
              Display various internal configuration parameters of Libgcrypt.

       --gpgconf-list
              This command is similar to --list-config but in general only internally used by the
              gpgconf tool.

       --gpgconf-test
              This  is  more  or less dummy action.  However it parses the configuration file and
              returns with failure if the configuration file  would  prevent  gpg  from  startup.
              Thus it may be used to run a syntax check on the configuration file.

   Deprecated options

       --show-photos
       --no-show-photos
              Causes  --list-keys, --list-signatures, --list-public-keys, --list-secret-keys, and
              verifying a signature to also display the photo ID attached to the key, if any. See
              also  --photo-viewer.  These  options are deprecated. Use --list-options [no-]show-
              photos and/or --verify-options [no-]show-photos instead.

       --show-keyring
              Display the keyring name at the head of key listings to show which keyring a  given
              key  resides  on.  This  option is deprecated: use --list-options [no-]show-keyring
              instead.

       --always-trust
              Identical to --trust-model always. This option is deprecated.

       --show-notation
       --no-show-notation
              Show signature notations in the --list-signatures or --check-signatures listings as
              well  as  when  verifying  a  signature  with  a  notation in it. These options are
              deprecated.   Use   --list-options   [no-]show-notation   and/or   --verify-options
              [no-]show-notation instead.

       --show-policy-url
       --no-show-policy-url
              Show policy URLs in the --list-signatures or --check-signatures listings as well as
              when verifying a signature with a policy URL in it. These options  are  deprecated.
              Use  --list-options  [no-]show-policy-url and/or --verify-options [no-]show-policy-
              url instead.

EXAMPLES

       gpg -se -r Bob file
              sign and encrypt for user Bob

       gpg --clear-sign file
              make a cleartext signature

       gpg -sb file
              make a detached signature

       gpg -u 0x12345678 -sb file
              make a detached signature with the key 0x12345678

       gpg --list-keys user_ID
              show keys

       gpg --fingerprint user_ID
              show fingerprint

       gpg --verify pgpfile
       gpg --verify sigfile [datafile]
              Verify the signature of the file but do not output the data unless requested.   The
              second  form  is  used  for  detached  signatures,  where  sigfile  is the detached
              signature (either ASCII armored or binary) and datafile are  the  signed  data;  if
              this  is  not given, the name of the file holding the signed data is constructed by
              cutting off the extension (".asc" or ".sig") of sigfile or by asking the  user  for
              the  filename.   If  the option --output is also used the signed data is written to
              the file specified by that option; use - to write the signed data to stdout.

HOW TO SPECIFY A USER ID

       There are different ways to specify a user ID to GnuPG.  Some of them are only  valid  for
       gpg others are only good for gpgsm.  Here is the entire list of ways to specify a key:

       By key Id.
              This  format is deduced from the length of the string and its content or 0x prefix.
              The key Id of an X.509 certificate are the low 64 bits of  its  SHA-1  fingerprint.
              The use of key Ids is just a shortcut, for all automated processing the fingerprint
              should be used.

              When using gpg an exclamation mark (!) may be appended to force using the specified
              primary  or  secondary  key and not to try and calculate which primary or secondary
              key to use.

              The last four lines of the example give the key ID in their long form as internally
              used  by the OpenPGP protocol. You can see the long key ID using the option --with-
              colons.

         234567C4
         0F34E556E
         01347A56A
         0xAB123456

         234AABBCC34567C4
         0F323456784E56EAB
         01AB3FED1347A5612
         0x234AABBCC34567C4

       By fingerprint.
              This format is deduced from the length of the string and  its  content  or  the  0x
              prefix.   Note,  that  only the 20 byte version fingerprint is available with gpgsm
              (i.e. the SHA-1 hash of the certificate).

              When using gpg an exclamation mark (!) may be appended to force using the specified
              primary  or  secondary  key and not to try and calculate which primary or secondary
              key to use.

              The best way to specify a key Id is by using  the  fingerprint.   This  avoids  any
              ambiguities in case that there are duplicated key IDs.

         1234343434343434C434343434343434
         123434343434343C3434343434343734349A3434
         0E12343434343434343434EAB3484343434343434
         0xE12343434343434343434EAB3484343434343434

       gpgsm  also accepts colons between each pair of hexadecimal digits because this is the de-
       facto standard on how to present X.509 fingerprints.  gpg also allows the use of the space
       separated SHA-1 fingerprint as printed by the key listing commands.

       By exact match on OpenPGP user ID.
              This  is  denoted  by  a  leading  equal  sign.  It  does  not make sense for X.509
              certificates.

         =Heinrich Heine <heinrichh@uni-duesseldorf.de>

       By exact match on an email address.
              This is indicated by enclosing the email address in the usual  way  with  left  and
              right angles.

         <heinrichh@uni-duesseldorf.de>

       By partial match on an email address.
              This  is indicated by prefixing the search string with an @.  This uses a substring
              search but considers only the mail address (i.e. inside the angle brackets).

         @heinrichh

       By exact match on the subject's DN.
              This is indicated by a leading slash, directly followed by the RFC-2253 encoded  DN
              of  the  subject.   Note that you can't use the string printed by gpgsm --list-keys
              because that one has been  reordered  and  modified  for  better  readability;  use
              --with-colons to print the raw (but standard escaped) RFC-2253 string.

         /CN=Heinrich Heine,O=Poets,L=Paris,C=FR

       By exact match on the issuer's DN.
              This  is  indicated  by  a leading hash mark, directly followed by a slash and then
              directly followed by the RFC-2253 encoded DN of the issuer.  This should return the
              Root cert of the issuer.  See note above.

         #/CN=Root Cert,O=Poets,L=Paris,C=FR

       By exact match on serial number and issuer's DN.
              This is indicated by a hash mark, followed by the hexadecimal representation of the
              serial number, then followed by a slash and the RFC-2253 encoded DN of the  issuer.
              See note above.

         #4F03/CN=Root Cert,O=Poets,L=Paris,C=FR

       By keygrip.
              This  is  indicated  by  an  ampersand  followed by the 40 hex digits of a keygrip.
              gpgsm prints the keygrip when using the command --dump-cert.

         &D75F22C3F86E355877348498CDC92BD21010A480

       By substring match.
              This is the default mode but applications may want to explicitly indicate  this  by
              putting the asterisk in front.  Match is not case sensitive.

         Heine
         *Heine

       . and + prefixes
              These prefixes are reserved for looking up mails anchored at the end and for a word
              search mode.  They are not yet implemented and using them is undefined.

              Please note that we have reused the hash mark identifier  which  was  used  in  old
              GnuPG  versions  to  indicate  the  so called local-id.  It is not anymore used and
              there should be no conflict when used with X.509 stuff.

              Using the RFC-2253 format of DNs has the drawback that it is not  possible  to  map
              them  back  to  the original encoding, however we don't have to do this because our
              key database stores this encoding as meta data.

FILTER EXPRESSIONS

       The options --import-filter and --export-filter use expressions with this  syntax  (square
       brackets  indicate an optional part and curly braces a repetition, white space between the
       elements are allowed):

                  [lc] {[{flag}] PROPNAME op VALUE [lc]}

       The name of a property (PROPNAME) may only consist of  letters,  digits  and  underscores.
       The  description  for  the  filter  type  describes  which  properties are defined.  If an
       undefined property is used it evaluates to the empty string.  Unless otherwise noted,  the
       VALUE must always be given and may not be the empty string.  No quoting is defined for the
       value, thus the value may not contain the strings && or ||,  which  are  used  as  logical
       connection operators.  The flag -- can be used to remove this restriction.

       Numerical values are computed as long int; standard C notation applies.  lc is the logical
       connection operator; either && for a conjunction or || for a disjunction.   A  conjunction
       is  assumed  at  the  begin  of  an  expression.  Conjunctions have higher precedence than
       disjunctions.  If VALUE starts with one of the characters used in any op a space after the
       op is required.

       The supported operators (op) are:

       =~     Substring must match.

       !~     Substring must not match.

       =      The full string must match.

       <>     The full string must not match.

       ==     The numerical value must match.

       !=     The numerical value must not match.

       <=     The numerical value of the field must be LE than the value.

       <      The numerical value of the field must be LT than the value.

       >      The numerical value of the field must be GT than the value.

       >=     The numerical value of the field must be GE than the value.

       -le    The string value of the field must be less or equal than the value.

       -lt    The string value of the field must be less than the value.

       -gt    The string value of the field must be greater than the value.

       -ge    The string value of the field must be greater or equal than the value.

       -n     True if value is not empty (no value allowed).

       -z     True if value is empty (no value allowed).

       -t     Alias for "PROPNAME != 0" (no value allowed).

       -f     Alias for "PROPNAME == 0" (no value allowed).

       Values for flag must be space separated.  The supported flags are:

       --     VALUE spans to the end of the expression.

       -c     The string match in this part is done case-sensitive.

       The  filter options concatenate several specifications for a filter of the same type.  For
       example the four options in this example:

                 --import-filter keep-uid="uid =~ Alfa"
                 --import-filter keep-uid="&& uid !~ Test"
                 --import-filter keep-uid="|| uid =~ Alpha"
                 --import-filter keep-uid="uid !~ Test"

       which is equivalent to

                 --import-filter \
                  keep-uid="uid =~ Alfa" && uid !~ Test" || uid =~ Alpha" && "uid !~ Test"

       imports only the user ids of a key containing the strings "Alfa" or "Alpha"  but  not  the
       string "test".

TRUST VALUES

       Trust  values are used to indicate ownertrust and validity of keys and user IDs.  They are
       displayed with letters or strings:

       -
       unknown
              No ownertrust assigned / not yet calculated.

       e
       expired

              Trust calculation has failed; probably due to an expired key.

       q
       undefined, undef
              Not enough information for calculation.

       n
       never  Never trust this key.

       m
       marginal
              Marginally trusted.

       f
       full   Fully trusted.

       u
       ultimate
              Ultimately trusted.

       r
       revoked
              For validity only: the key or the user ID has been revoked.

       ?
       err    The program encountered an unknown trust value.

FILES

       There are a few configuration files to control certain aspects of gpg's operation.  Unless
       noted, they are expected in the current home directory (see: [option --homedir]).

       gpg.conf
              This is the standard configuration file read by gpg on startup.  It may contain any
              valid long option; the leading two dashes may not be entered and the option may not
              be  abbreviated.   This default name may be changed on the command line (see: [gpg-
              option --options]).  You should backup this file.

       Note that on larger installations, it is useful to put predefined files into the directory
       ‘/etc/skel/.gnupg’ so that newly created users start up with a working configuration.  For
       existing  users  a  small  helper  script  is  provided  to  create  these   files   (see:
       [addgnupghome]).

       For  internal  purposes  gpg creates and maintains a few other files; They all live in the
       current home directory (see: [option --homedir]).  Only the gpg program may  modify  these
       files.

       ~/.gnupg
              This  is  the  default  home  directory  which  is  used if neither the environment
              variable GNUPGHOME nor the option --homedir is given.

       ~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
              The public keyring.  You should backup this file.

       ~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg.lock
              The lock file for the public keyring.

       ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx
              The public keyring using a different format.  This file is shared with gpgsm.   You
              should backup this file.

       ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx.lock
              The lock file for ‘pubring.kbx’.

       ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg
              A secret keyring as used by GnuPG versions before 2.1.  It is not used by GnuPG 2.1
              and later.

       ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg.lock
              The lock file for the secret keyring.

       ~/.gnupg/.gpg-v21-migrated
              File indicating that a migration to GnuPG 2.1 has been done.

       ~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg
              The trust database.  There is no need to backup this file; it is better  to  backup
              the ownertrust values (see: [option --export-ownertrust]).

       ~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg.lock
              The lock file for the trust database.

       ~/.gnupg/random_seed
              A file used to preserve the state of the internal random pool.

       ~/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d/
              This  is the directory where gpg stores pre-generated revocation certificates.  The
              file name corresponds to the OpenPGP fingerprint of  the  respective  key.   It  is
              suggested to backup those certificates and if the primary private key is not stored
              on the disk to move them to an external storage  device.   Anyone  who  can  access
              theses  files  is able to revoke the corresponding key.  You may want to print them
              out.  You should backup all files in this directory and  take  care  to  keep  this
              backup closed away.

       Operation is further controlled by a few environment variables:

       HOME   Used to locate the default home directory.

       GNUPGHOME
              If set directory used instead of "~/.gnupg".

       GPG_AGENT_INFO
              This variable is obsolete; it was used by GnuPG versions before 2.1.

       PINENTRY_USER_DATA
              This  value  is  passed  via  gpg-agent  to pinentry.  It is useful to convey extra
              information to a custom pinentry.

       COLUMNS
       LINES  Used to size some displays to the full size of the screen.

       LANGUAGE
              Apart from its use by GNU, it is used in the W32 version to override  the  language
              selection  done  through  the  Registry.   If used and set to a valid and available
              language  name  (langid),  the  file  with   the   translation   is   loaded   from
              gpgdir/gnupg.nls/langid.mo.   Here  gpgdir  is  the  directory out of which the gpg
              binary has been loaded.  If it can't be loaded the Registry is tried  and  as  last
              resort the native Windows locale system is used.

       When  calling  the  gpg-agent  component  gpg sends a set of environment variables to gpg-
       agent.  The names of these variables can be listed using the command:

           gpg-connect-agent 'getinfo std_env_names' /bye | awk '$1=="D" {print $2}'

BUGS

       On older systems this program should be installed as setuid(root). This  is  necessary  to
       lock  memory pages. Locking memory pages prevents the operating system from writing memory
       pages (which may contain passphrases or other sensitive material) to disk. If you  get  no
       warning message about insecure memory your operating system supports locking without being
       root. The program drops root privileges as soon as locked memory is allocated.

       Note also that some systems (especially laptops) have the ability to ``suspend  to  disk''
       (also  known  as  ``safe sleep'' or ``hibernate'').  This writes all memory to disk before
       going into a low power or even powered  off  mode.   Unless  measures  are  taken  in  the
       operating  system to protect the saved memory, passphrases or other sensitive material may
       be recoverable from it later.

       Before you report a bug you should first search the  mailing  list  archives  for  similar
       problems  and second check whether such a bug has already been reported to our bug tracker
       at https://bugs.gnupg.org.

SEE ALSO

       gpgv(1), gpgsm(1), gpg-agent(1)

       The full documentation for this tool is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If GnuPG and  the
       info program are properly installed at your site, the command

         info gnupg

       should give you access to the complete manual including a menu structure and an index.