Provided by: lld-11_11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1_amd64 bug

NAME

     ld.lld — ELF linker from the LLVM project

SYNOPSIS

     ld.lld [options] objfile ...

DESCRIPTION

     A linker takes one or more object, archive, and library files, and combines them into an
     output file (an executable, a shared library, or another object file).  It relocates code
     and data from the input files and resolves symbol references between them.

     ld.lld is a drop-in replacement for the GNU BFD and gold linkers.  It accepts most of the
     same command line arguments and linker scripts as GNU linkers.

     ld.lld currently supports i386, x86-64, ARM, AArch64, PowerPC32, PowerPC64, MIPS32, MIPS64,
     RISC-V, AMDGPU, Hexagon and SPARC V9 targets.  ld.lld acts as a Microsoft link.exe-
     compatible linker if invoked as lld-link and as macOS's ld if invoked as ld.ld64. All these
     targets are always supported however ld.lld was built, so you can always use ld.lld as a
     native linker as well as a cross linker.

OPTIONS

     Many options have both a single-letter and long form.  When using the long form options
     other than those beginning with the letter o may be specified using either one or two dashes
     preceding the option name.  Long options beginning with o require two dashes to avoid
     confusion with the -o path option.

     --allow-multiple-definition
             Do not error if a symbol is defined multiple times.  The first definition will be
             used.

     --allow-shlib-undefined
             Allow unresolved references in shared libraries.  This option is enabled by default
             when linking a shared library.

     --apply-dynamic-relocs
             Apply link-time values for dynamic relocations.

     --as-needed
             Only set DT_NEEDED for shared libraries if used.

     --auxiliary=value
             Set the DT_AUXILIARY field to the specified name.

     --Bdynamic, --dy
             Link against shared libraries.

     --Bstatic, --static, --dn
             Do not link against shared libraries.

     --Bsymbolic
             Bind defined symbols locally.

     --Bsymbolic-functions
             Bind defined function symbols locally.

     --build-id=value
             Generate a build ID note.  value may be one of fast, md5, sha1, tree, uuid,
             0xhex-string, and none.  tree is an alias for sha1.  Build-IDs of type fast, md5,
             sha1, and tree are calculated from the object contents.  fast is not intended to be
             cryptographically secure.

     --build-id
             Synonym for --build-id=fast.

     --color-diagnostics=value
             Use colors in diagnostics.  value may be one of always, auto, and never.  auto
             enables color if and only if output is to a terminal.

     --color-diagnostics
             Alias for --color-diagnostics=auto.

     --compress-debug-sections=value
             Compress DWARF debug sections.  value may be none or zlib.  The default compression
             level is 1 (fastest) as the debug info usually compresses well at that level, but if
             you want to compress it more, you can specify -O2 to set the compression level to 6.

     --cref  Output cross reference table.

     --define-common, -d
             Assign space to common symbols.

     --defsym=symbol=expression
             Define a symbol alias.  expression may be another symbol or a linker script
             expression.  For example, ‘--defsym=foo=bar’ or ‘--defsym=foo=bar+0x100’.

     --demangle
             Demangle symbol names.

     --disable-new-dtags
             Disable new dynamic tags.

     --discard-all, -x
             Delete all local symbols.

     --discard-locals, -X
             Delete temporary local symbols.

     --discard-none
             Keep all symbols in the symbol table.

     --dynamic-linker=value
             Specify the dynamic linker to be used for a dynamically linked executable.  This is
             recorded in an ELF segment of type PT_INTERP.

     --dynamic-list=file
             Read a list of dynamic symbols from file.  (executable) Put matched non-local
             defined symbols to the dynamic symbol table.  (shared object) References to matched
             non-local STV_DEFAULT symbols shouldn't be bound to definitions within the shared
             object. Implies -Bsymbolic but does not set DF_SYMBOLIC

     --eh-frame-hdr
             Request creation of .eh_frame_hdr section and PT_GNU_EH_FRAME segment header.

     --emit-relocs, -q
             Generate relocations in the output.

     --enable-new-dtags
             Enable new dynamic tags.

     --end-lib
             End a grouping of objects that should be treated as if they were together in an
             archive.

     --entry=entry
             Name of entry point symbol.

     --error-limit=value
             Maximum number of errors to emit before stopping.  A value of zero indicates that
             there is no limit.

     --error-unresolved-symbols
             Report unresolved symbols as errors.

     --execute-only
             Mark executable sections unreadable.  This option is currently only supported on
             AArch64.

     --exclude-libs=value
             Exclude static libraries from automatic export.

     --export-dynamic, -E
             Put symbols in the dynamic symbol table.

     --export-dynamic-symbol=glob
             (executable) Put matched non-local defined symbols to the dynamic symbol table.
             (shared object) References to matched non-local STV_DEFAULT symbols shouldn't be
             bound to definitions within the shared object even if they would otherwise be due to
             -Bsymbolic , -Bsymbolic-functions or --dynamic-list

     --fatal-warnings
             Treat warnings as errors.

     --filter=value, -F value
             Set the DT_FILTER field to the specified value.

     --fini=symbol
             Specify a finalizer function.

     --format=input-format, -b input-format
             Specify the format of the inputs following this option.  input-format may be one of
             binary, elf, and default.  default is a synonym for elf.

     --gc-sections
             Enable garbage collection of unused sections.

     --gdb-index
             Generate .gdb_index section.

     --hash-style=value
             Specify hash style.  value may be sysv, gnu, or both.  both is the default.

     --help  Print a help message.

     --icf=all
             Enable identical code folding.

     --icf=safe
             Enable safe identical code folding.

     --icf=none
             Disable identical code folding.

     --ignore-data-address-equality
             Ignore address equality of data. C/C++ requires each data to have a unique address.
             This option allows lld to do unsafe optimization that breaks the requirement: create
             copies of read-only data or merge two or more read-only data that happen to have the
             same value.

     --ignore-function-address-equality
             Ignore address equality of functions.  This option allows non-PIC calls to a
             function with non-default visibility in a shared object.  The function may have
             different addresses within the executable and within the shared object.

     --image-base=value
             Set the base address to value.

     --init=symbol
             Specify an initializer function.

     --keep-unique=symbol
             Do not fold symbol during ICF.

     -l libName, --library=libName
             Root name of library to use.

     -L dir, --library-path=dir
             Add a directory to the library search path.

     --lto-aa-pipeline=value
             AA pipeline to run during LTO.  Used in conjunction with --lto-newpm-passes.

     --lto-newpm-passes=value
             Passes to run during LTO.

     --lto-Oopt-level
             Optimization level for LTO.

     --lto-partitions=value
             Number of LTO codegen partitions.

     -m value
             Set target emulation.

     --Map=file, -M file
             Print a link map to file.

     --nmagic, -n
             Do not page align sections, link against static libraries.

     --no-allow-shlib-undefined
             Do not allow unresolved references in shared libraries.  This option is enabled by
             default when linking an executable.

     --no-as-needed
             Always set DT_NEEDED for shared libraries.

     --no-color-diagnostics
             Do not use colors in diagnostics.

     --no-define-common
             Do not assign space to common symbols.

     --no-demangle
             Do not demangle symbol names.

     --no-dynamic-linker
             Inhibit output of an .interp section.

     --no-gc-sections
             Disable garbage collection of unused sections.

     --no-gnu-unique
             Disable STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding.

     --no-merge-exidx-entries
             Disable merging .ARM.exidx entries.

     --no-nmagic
             Page align sections.

     --no-omagic
             Do not set the text data sections to be writable, page align sections.

     --no-relax
             Disable target-specific relaxations. This is currently a no-op.

     --no-rosegment
             Do not put read-only non-executable sections in their own segment.

     --no-undefined-version
             Report version scripts that refer undefined symbols.

     --no-undefined
             Report unresolved symbols even if the linker is creating a shared library.

     --no-warn-symbol-ordering
             Do not warn about problems with the symbol ordering file or call graph profile.

     --no-whole-archive
             Restores the default behavior of loading archive members.

     --no-pie, --no-pic-executable
             Do not create a position independent executable.

     --noinhibit-exec
             Retain the executable output file whenever it is still usable.

     --nostdlib
             Only search directories specified on the command line.

     -o path
             Write the output executable, library, or object to path.  If not specified, a.out is
             used as a default.

     -Ovalue
             Optimize output file size.  value may be:

             0   Disable string merging.
             1   Enable string merging.
             2   Enable string tail merging. If --compress-debug-sections is given, compress
                 debug sections at compression level 6 instead of 1.

             -O1 is the default.

     --oformat=format
             Specify the format for the output object file.  The only supported format is binary,
             which produces output with no ELF header.

     --omagic, -N
             Set the text and data sections to be readable and writable, do not page align
             sections, link against static libraries.

     --opt-remarks-filename file
             Write optimization remarks in YAML format to file.

     --opt-remarks-passes pass-regex
             Filter optimization remarks by only allowing the passes matching pass-regex.

     --opt-remarks-with-hotness
             Include hotness information in the optimization remarks file.

     --orphan-handling=mode
             Control how orphan sections are handled.  An orphan section is one not specifically
             mentioned in a linker script.  mode may be:

             place
                 Place orphan sections in suitable output sections.
             warn
                 Place orphan sections as for place and also report a warning.
             error
                 Place orphan sections as for place and also report an error.

             place is the default.

     --pack-dyn-relocs=format
             Pack dynamic relocations in the given format.  format may be:

             none
                 Do not pack.  Dynamic relocations are encoded in SHT_REL(A).
             android
                 Pack dynamic relocations in SHT_ANDROID_REL(A).
             relr
                 Pack relative relocations in SHT_RELR, and the rest of dynamic relocations in
                 SHT_REL(A).
             android+relr
                 Pack relative relocations in SHT_RELR, and the rest of dynamic relocations in
                 SHT_ANDROID_REL(A).

             none is the default.  If --use-android-relr-tags is specified, use SHT_ANDROID_RELR
             instead of SHT_RELR.

     --pic-veneer
             Always generate position independent thunks.

     --pie, --pic-executable
             Create a position independent executable.

     --print-gc-sections
             List removed unused sections.

     --print-icf-sections
             List identical folded sections.

     --print-map
             Print a link map to the standard output.

     --print-archive-stats=file
             Write archive usage statistics to the specified file.  Print the numbers of members
             and fetched members for each archive.

     --push-state
             Save the current state of --as-needed, --static, and --whole-archive.

     --pop-state
             Undo the effect of --push-state.

     --relocatable, -r
             Create relocatable object file.

     --reproduce=path
             Write a tar file to path, containing all the input files needed to reproduce the
             link, a text file called response.txt containing the command line options and a text
             file called version.txt containing the output of ld.lld --version.  The archive when
             unpacked can be used to re-run the linker with the same options and input files.

     --retain-symbols-file=file
             Retain only the symbols listed in the file.

     --rpath=value, -R value
             Add a DT_RUNPATH to the output.

     --rsp-quoting=value
             Quoting style for response files.  The supported values are windows and posix.

     --script=file, -T file
             Read linker script from file.  If multiple linker scripts are given, they are
             processed as if they were concatenated in the order they appeared on the command
             line.

     --section-start=section=address
             Set address of section.

     --shared, --Bsharable
             Build a shared object.

     --shuffle-sections=seed
             Shuffle input sections using the given seed. If 0, use a random seed.

     --soname=value, -h value
             Set DT_SONAME to value.

     --sort-common
             This option is ignored for GNU compatibility.

     --sort-section=value
             Specifies sections sorting rule when linkerscript is used.

     --start-lib
             Start a grouping of objects that should be treated as if they were together in an
             archive.

     --strip-all, -s
             Strip all symbols.

     --strip-debug, -S
             Strip debugging information.

     --symbol-ordering-file=file
             Lay out sections in the order specified by file.

     --sysroot=value
             Set the system root.

     --target1-abs
             Interpret R_ARM_TARGET1 as R_ARM_ABS32.

     --target1-rel
             Interpret R_ARM_TARGET1 as R_ARM_REL32.

     --target2=type
             Interpret R_ARM_TARGET2 as type, where type is one of rel, abs, or got-rel.

     --Tbss=value
             Same as --section-start with .bss as the sectionname.

     --Tdata=value
             Same as --section-start with .data as the sectionname.

     --Ttext=value
             Same as --section-start with .text as the sectionname.

     --thinlto-cache-dir=value
             Path to ThinLTO cached object file directory.

     --thinlto-cache-policy=value
             Pruning policy for the ThinLTO cache.

     --thinlto-jobs=value
             Number of ThinLTO jobs.

     --threads=N
             Number of threads.  all (default) means all of concurrent threads supported.  1
             disables multi-threading.

     --time-trace
             Record time trace.

     --time-trace-file=file
             Write time trace output to file.

     --time-trace-granularity=value
             Minimum time granularity (in microseconds) traced by time profiler.

     --trace
             Print the names of the input files.

     --trace-symbol=symbol, -y symbol
             Trace references to symbol.

     --undefined=symbol, -u symbol
             If symbol is not defined after symbol resolution, and there's a static library that
             contains an object file defining the symbol, load the member to include the object
             file in the output file.

     --undefined-glob=pattern
             Synonym for --undefined, except that it takes a glob pattern.  In a glob pattern, *
             matches zero or more characters, ?  matches any single character, and [...] matches
             the characters within brackets.  All symbols that match a given pattern are handled
             as if they were given as arguments of --undefined.

     --unique
             Creates a separate output section for every orphan input section.

     --unresolved-symbols=value
             Determine how to handle unresolved symbols.

     --use-android-relr-tags
             Use SHT_ANDROID_RELR / DT_ANDROID_RELR* tags instead of SHT_RELR / DT_RELR*.

     -v      Display the version number and proceed with linking if object files are specified.

     -V, --version
             Display the version number and exit.

     --verbose
             Verbose mode.

     --version-script=file
             Read version script from file.

     --warn-backrefs
             Warn about reverse or cyclic dependencies to or between static archives.  This can
             be used to ensure linker invocation remains compatible with traditional Unix-like
             linkers.

     --warn-backrefs-exclude=glob
             Glob describing an archive (or an object file within --start-lib) which should be
             ignored for --warn-backrefs

     --warn-common
             Warn about duplicate common symbols.

     --warn-ifunc-textrel
             Warn about using ifunc symbols in conjunction with text relocations.  Older versions
             of glibc library (2.28 and earlier) has a bug that causes the segment that includes
             ifunc symbols to be marked as not executable when they are relocated.  As a result,
             although the program compiles and links successfully, it gives segmentation fault
             when the instruction pointer reaches an ifunc symbol.  Use -warn-ifunc-textrel to
             let lld give a warning, if the code may include ifunc symbols, may do text
             relocations and be linked with an older glibc version.  Otherwise, there is no need
             to use it, as the default value does not give a warning.  This flag has been
             introduced in late 2018, has no counter part in ld and gold linkers, and may be
             removed in the future.

     --warn-unresolved-symbols
             Report unresolved symbols as warnings.

     --whole-archive
             Force load of all members in a static library.

     --wrap=symbol
             Use wrapper functions for symbol.

     -z option
             Linker option extensions.

             dead-reloc-in-nonalloc=section_glob=value
                     Resolve a relocation in a matched non-SHF_ALLOC section referencing a
                     discarded symbol to value Accepts globs, in the event of a section matching
                     more than one option, the last option takes precedence. An order of least
                     specific to most specific match is recommended.

             execstack
                     Make the main stack executable.  Stack permissions are recorded in the
                     PT_GNU_STACK segment.

             force-bti
                     Force enable AArch64 BTI instruction in PLT, warn if Input ELF file does not
                     have GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI property.

             force-ibt
                     Force enable Intel Indirect Branch Tracking in PLT, warn if an input ELF
                     file does not have GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_IBT property.

             global  Sets the DF_1_GLOBAL flag in the DYNAMIC section.  Different loaders can
                     decide how to handle this flag on their own.

             ifunc-noplt
                     Do not emit PLT entries for ifunc symbols.  Instead, emit text relocations
                     referencing the resolver.  This is an experimental optimization and only
                     suitable for standalone environments where text relocations do not have the
                     usual drawbacks.  This option must be combined with the -z notext option.

             initfirst
                     Sets the DF_1_INITFIRST flag to indicate the module should be initialized
                     first.

             interpose
                     Set the DF_1_INTERPOSE flag to indicate to the runtime linker that the
                     object is an interposer.  During symbol resolution interposers are searched
                     after the application but before other dependencies.

             muldefs
                     Do not error if a symbol is defined multiple times.  The first definition
                     will be used.  This is a synonym for --allow-multiple-definition.

             nocombreloc
                     Disable combining and sorting multiple relocation sections.

             nocopyreloc
                     Disable the creation of copy relocations.

             nodefaultlib
                     Set the DF_1_NODEFLIB flag to indicate that default library search paths
                     should be ignored.

             nodelete
                     Set the DF_1_NODELETE flag to indicate that the object cannot be unloaded
                     from a process.

             nodlopen
                     Set the DF_1_NOOPEN flag to indicate that the object may not be opened by
                     dlopen(3).

             nognustack
                     Do not emit the PT_GNU_STACK segment.

             norelro
                     Do not indicate that portions of the object should be mapped read-only after
                     initial relocation processing.  The object will omit the PT_GNU_RELRO
                     segment.

             notext  Allow relocations against read-only segments.  Sets the DT_TEXTREL flag in
                     the DYNAMIC section.

             now     Set the DF_BIND_NOW flag to indicate that the run-time loader should perform
                     all relocation processing as part of object initialization.  By default
                     relocations may be performed on demand.

             origin  Set the DF_ORIGIN flag to indicate that the object requires $ORIGIN
                     processing.

             pac-plt
                     AArch64 only, use pointer authentication in PLT.

             rel     Use REL format for dynamic relocations.

             rela    Use RELA format for dynamic relocations.

             retpolineplt
                     Emit retpoline format PLT entries as a mitigation for CVE-2017-5715.

             rodynamic
                     Make the .dynamic section read-only.  The DT_DEBUG tag will not be emitted.

             separate-loadable-segments
             separate-code
             noseparate-code
                     Specify whether two adjacent PT_LOAD segments are allowed to overlap in
                     pages.  noseparate-code (default) allows overlap.  separate-code allows
                     overlap between two executable segments, or two non-executable segments.
                     separate-loadable-segments disallows overlap.

             shstk   x86 only, use shadow stack.

             stack-size=size
                     Set the main thread's stack size to size.  The stack size is recorded as the
                     size of the size.  PT_GNU_STACK program segment.

             text    Do not allow relocations against read-only segments.  This is the default.

             wxneeded
                     Create a PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED segment.

IMPLEMENTATION NOTES

     ld.lld's handing of archive files (those with a .a file extension) is different from
     traditional linkers used on Unix-like systems.

     Traditional linkers maintain a set of undefined symbols during linking.  The linker
     processes each file in the order in which it appears on the command line, until the set of
     undefined symbols becomes empty.  An object file is linked into the output object when it is
     encountered, with its undefined symbols added to the set.  Upon encountering an archive file
     a traditional linker searches the objects contained therein, and processes those that
     satisfy symbols in the unresolved set.

     Handling mutually dependent archives may be awkward when using a traditional linker.
     Archive files may have to be specified multiple times, or the special command line options
     --start-group and --end-group may be used to have the linker loop over the files in the
     group until no new symbols are added to the set.

     ld.lld records all symbols found in objects and archives as it iterates over command line
     arguments.  When ld.lld encounters an undefined symbol that can be resolved by an object
     file contained in a previously processed archive file, it immediately extracts and links it
     into the output object.

     With certain archive inputs ld.lld may produce different results compared to traditional
     linkers.  In practice, large bodies of third party software have been linked with ld.lld
     without material issues.

     The --warn-backrefs option may be used to identify a linker invocation that may be
     incompatible with traditional Unix-like linker behavior.