Provided by: levee_3.5a-4build1_amd64 bug

NAME

       levee - A Screen Oriented Editor.

SYNOPSIS

       levee [+address] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION

       Levee  is  a screen oriented  editor based on the  Unix editor "vi".  It provides a terse,
       powerful way to enter and edit text (however,   if  you  want  a  word-processor,   you're
       better off with WordStar.)

       Levee is a moded editor.  It operates in 3 modes  -- visual, command, and insert.  Most of
       the editing work is done is visual mode,  file reading and  writing is  done  in   command
       mode,  and insert mode does what you would expect.

       When  you enter Levee,  you may specify  an  address to start editing at.  These addresses
       are in the same  format as command mode addresses,  except that a naked + will put  you at
       the very end of the file.

       Levee  is  copyright (c) 1982-2008 by David L. Parsons. (see the notice at the end of this
       document for distribution terms)

COMMAND MODE COMMANDS

       These commands are used  for   editing  new  files,   writing  modified  files,   changing
       options,  doing substitutions,  and a subset of  the visual commands.  They take as  input
       whole lines,  terminated  by  return (to execute),  or  escape (to abort.)

       Command mode is reached by typing ":" or "Q" from visual mode.  If you enter command  mode
       by  typing  ":",   Levee will execute  one  command,   then return  to  visual  mode after
       prompting you  with  "[more]".   If you type anything except a space or return, Levee will
       accept  another  command,  and  so  forth.   If,  however, you enter command mode via "Q",
       Levee will  remain in  command mode  until  you enter the "visual" command.

   A NOTE ON COMMAND SYNTAX
       A command may be preceded by an optional line-range.  If you do not provide a  line-range,
       Levee  will  use  the default line-range shown by the command.  A line-range is one or two
       address specifications in the following format:

              (.|$|'x|#) [ (+|-) (/patt/|?patt?|#) ]

              .      current line.

              $      last line.

              'x     the line with mark x on it.

              #      line #.

       For example, ".-5,.+5p" will print every line within ten lines of the current line.  "$-5"
       is  the  fifth  line from the end of the file,  and "/end/+2"  is the second line past the
       next  occurrence  of  the  pattern "end".  Patterns   may   be  regular  expressions  (see
       below.)

       Also,   a naked line-range will  set the current  line to the first line in the range  and
       print all the lines in that range. "1,10" sets the current line to 1,  then prints lines 1
       to 10.

       If you specify a non-existent line in a range, the command
        will abort and Levee will tell you "bad address".

   Command mode commands
       args   show  the  current  argument  list,  if one exists. The file that you are currently
              editing will be framed by '[' and ']'.

       (.,.)change
              delete lines, then enter insert mode.

       (.,.)delete
              delete lines. Deleted lines are stored in a Yank  Buffer  for  later  putback  with
              "put".

       edit[!] [file]
              Discard  the  current file and start editing a new one. If changes were made to the
              current file, you must enter "edit!"  to force Levee to discard the changes. If you
              do not specify a filename, Levee will try to reedit the current filename.

              When  Levee  reads  in  a  new file, it will tell you how many bytes it read in, or
              [overflow] if the file is larger than the internal buffer  (256000  bytes  on  most
              platforms; 20k on USCD Pascal.)

       execmode
              Remain in command mode until you use the "visual" command.

       file[name]
              Echo what the current filename is, its status, and the current line. If you provide
              it with a name, it will change the filename to that.

       (.)insert
              Insert text above the current line. If you specify a line number, Levee  will  make
              that the current line, then insert above it.

   Insert mode commands
       ^W     back over the last word you entered.

       ^H     back over one character.

       ^U     back over all input on this line.

       ^V     escape the next character typed. (For example, ^V^H will put a ^H into the file.)

       ESC    exit insert mode.

       ^D     If at start of line, reduce indentation 'shiftwidth' columns.

       ^T     If at start of line, increase indentation 'shiftwidth' columns.

       When  in  insert  mode,  Levee  will  not allow you to enter any control characters except
       return and tab.  Return ends input on this line and opens a new line for input.

       map[!][key[text]]
              Define/list macros.  There are 3 forms of map:

       map.   This lists all the active macros.

       map(key).
              This shows the macro associated with (key), if any.

       map(key) (text)
              This maps (key) to (text). You may map any key except ":" and escape. In the normal
              form  (map), the macro will be effective in visual mode, but in the alternate form,
              (map!), the macro will be effective in insert and command modes.

       For example, if you map!ped return to "hello world", every time you entered  a  return  in
       command or visual mode, the string "hello world" would pop up.

       next[file...]
              Edit  the  next file in the arglist, or edit a new arglist. Levee takes its initial
              arglist off the command line when you execute it.  If  "autowrite"  is  set,  Levee
              will write out the changes to the current file before editing the next one.

       (.)open
              Insert below the current line. Otherwise just like insert.

       previous
              Edit the previous file in the arglist. Otherwise, like next.

       (.,.)print
              Display lines without changing the current line.

       (.)put Put the contents of the yank buffer back on the line below the current line. If you
              specify a line, it resets the current line, then puts the  yank  buffer  back.  The
              yank buffer is filled by the delete, change, or yank commands. Put does not destroy
              the yank buffer, so you may put back text multiple times.

       quit[!]
              Exit Levee. If you want to discard changes, use "quit!"

       (.)read[file]
              put the contents of 'file' after the current line.

       rmfile Delete 'file' from disk.

       set[option=value]
              Set a tunable variable. Levee has a dozen or so user-definable variables which  you
              can twiddle via this command. There are boolean, integer, and string variables that
              you can set. A string or integer variable  is  set  by  "set  xxx=yyy",  a  boolean
              variable is set via "set xxx" or "set noxxx".

              Here are the settable variables (and abbreviations):

       tabsize(ts)
              tab stop.

       shiftwidth(sw)
              columns to shift on ^D, ^T, >>, or <<

       scroll number of lines to scroll on ^D, ^U

       autoindent(ai)
              supply indentation during insert mode.

       autowrite(aw)
              write out changes before :next, :prev

       autocopy(ac)
              make backup copies before writing changes.

       list   display tabs as ^I, end of line as $.

       magic  use regular expressions in searches.

       suffix if  the  filename  does  not  have  a . in it, supply the suffix. (this is the only
              string variable.)

       overwrite(ow)
              destroy old file first, then write.

       beautify(be)
              When set, Levee will not allow insert of  any  control  character  except  tab  and
              return unless you escape it with ctrl-V.

       wrapscan
              searches wrap around end of buffer.

       ignorecase(ic)
              Ignore the case of alphabetic characters during searches.

       mapslash
              (ST  version  only)  Map  "/"  in  filenames  to  "\".  If the environment contains
              `mapslash' when levee is called, this variable will default to true,  otherwise  it
              defaults  to  false.  (See  the documentation for the Teeny-shell on how the teeny-
              shell interprets `mapslash')

       lines(li)
              (ST version only) How many lines on the display.  This  is  primarily  for  running
              levee  through  the  serial  port  -  put  set  li=xx  into your LVRC for a xx line
              terminal.

       cols(co)
              (ST version only) How many columns on the display.  Like the lines  variable,  it's
              for running levee through the serial port.

       You  may  set  multiple  variables  on  one line, as in 'set ws noai'.  To see the current
       settings of these variables, :set -- without  any  arguments  --  will  show  the  current
       settings.

       At  startup,  Levee  looks in the environment variable LVRC for a list of variables to set
       (GEMDOS/MS-DOS). LVRC is one line of the form 'option=value  ...'.  If  you  have  a  LVRC
       defined  that  is 'ts=4 ow nows', Levee will set tabsize to 4, turn on overwrite, and turn
       off wrapscan.

       If you are using RMX, Levee looks in the file ":home:r?lvrc" for  initialization.  If  you
       are  using  Osy/SWOs,  Levee  looks  in  the  file "*.lvrc". The format of these files are
       different from the LVRC variable -- see "source" for more information.

       sourcefile
              Take command mode commands from 'file'. These commands can be  any  legal  command,
              except "visual". If a error happens during execution of 'file', Levee abandons that
              level of source'ing.

              In Osy/SWOs, there are a few differences in insert mode from within a sourced file.
              No  character  has  special meaning except a line  containing nothing but a period,
              which terminates insert mode.  For example:

              :commands
              :insert
              blah blah blah blah blah blah
              blah blah blah blah blah blah
              blah blah blah blah blah blah
              :more commands

       If you are running Levee under any other operating system, you cannot do a insert  from  a
       :source file.

       (.,.)substitute(delim)patt(delim)repl(delim)[qcpg]

       (.,.)substitute&

              Search  for  patt  and  replace it with repl. Levee will look for patt once on each
              line and replace it with repl. The delimiter may be any ascii character.

              The pattern is a regular expression, just like a search pattern.

              You may include parts of the pattern in  the  replacement  string;  A  '&'  in  the
              replacement  pattern copies in the whole source pattern, so if you do a 'sub/this/&
              and that/g', every instance of 'this' will be replaced with 'this and that'.  Also,
              you  may  pull  parts  of  the  pattern  out  by using the \( and \) argument meta-
              characters.  Arguments gotten by \( &  \)  are  put  into  the  replacement  string
              everywhere  you  do  a \1..\9 [ \1 is the first argument you set up with \( & \) ].
              So,  if  you  want  to  reverse  the  order  of  two   substrings,   you   can   do
              'sub/\(string1\)\(string2\)/\2\1/'.

              substitute& redoes the last substitution.

              Options:

       q,c    before  doing  the substitute, display the affected line and wait for you to type a
              character. If you type 'y', it will do the substitution. 'q' aborts the substitute,
              'a'  does the rest of the change without prompting, and 'n' does not do it.

       p      print the affected lines after the change.

       g      do  the  change  globally. That is, do it for every occurrence  of patt on a  line,
              rather than just once.

       undo   Undo the last modification to the file (except :edit, :next, :rm, or  :write.)  You
              can  only undo the last change to a file -- undo counts as a change. :undo followed
              by :undo does nothing to the file.

       unmap(key)
              Undefine a macro (see map).

       visual[list]
              If you entered command mode by "Q" or "execmode", return to visual  mode.   If  you
              provide an argument list, it also does a `:next' on that list.

       version
              Show which version of levee this is.

       (.,.)write [file]
              Write  lines  to a file. If you write the everything to 'file', the filename is set
              to 'file', and if you do not specify a file, Levee will write to the filename.

       (.,.)wq [file]
               Write to a file, then quit.

       (.,.)yank
              Yank lines from the file into the yank buffer, for later putback with "put".

       xit[!] Write changes to the current file, then exit.  If  there  are  more  files  in  the
              arglist, use "xit!"

       ![command]
              Execute command.

              Example:

              !ls    => does a 'ls'.

       This command is available only under GEMDOS, MSDOS, RMX, and Unix.

       ($)=   Give the line number of the addressed line. /end/= gives you the line number of the
              next line with a 'end' on it.

VISUAL MODE COMMANDS

       Visual mode commands move you around  and modify the file.  There are movement commands to
       move the cursor by a variety of objects.

       In  the  description,   a (#) means a optional  count.  If a command has a optional count,
       it will tell you what the count does in parenthesis.  A (*) means that the command can  be
       used in the delete, yank, and change commands.

       Counts are made up by  entering digits.  If you type '45', the count will be set to 45. To
       cancel a count, type ESC.

       This section discusses 'whitespace' occasionally.  Whitespace is tabs, spaces, and end  of
       line.

   How the display works
       Characters   are   displayed   on   the   screen   as   you  would  expect,   except  that
       nonprinting characters are  shown as ^x, and tabs  expand to  spaces ( unless you  set the
       option  list,  then  they  show  as  ^I.)  When sitting on a control character or tab, the
       cursor is placed on the FIRST character displayed. If you move the cursor  to   any  other
       part of them ( via j or k -- see below), any changes will start at the next character.

       Levee   does   not   display a end of  file marker, but lines past the end of the file are
       denoted by ~ lines.

       If list is  set,  tabs  display as ^I, and the end of line displays as $.

       If a  line is too long for the screen,  it will  just disappear off the end of the screen.

       Levee will handle any screen resolution and any monospaced font you hand it ( if  you  are
       running in low resolution, Levee will give you a 25x40 window, for example.)

   Visual mode commands
       ^A     Show  a  debugging  message  at the bottom of the screen. This is not at all useful
              unless you are debugging the editor. Ignore it.

       (#)^D  Scroll the screen down a half screen. If a count  is  specified,  scroll  down  the
              specified number of lines.

       ^E     Scroll down 1 line (shorthand for 1^D )

       ^G     Show file statistics. Exactly like ':file'.

       (*)(#)^H
              Move the cursor left one (count) chars.

       ^I     Redraw the screen.

       (*)(#)^J
              Move  down  one  (count)  lines.  When you use ^J and ^K (below) to move up or down
              lines, the cursor will remain in the same column, even if it is in the middle of  a
              tabstop or past the end of a line.

       (*)(#)^K
              Move up one (count) lines.

       (*)(#)^L
              Move right one (count) characters.

       (*)(#)^M
              Move to the first nonwhite space on the next line. If a count is specified, move to
              the first nonwhite count lines down.

       (#)^U  Scroll the screen up a half page. If a count is specified, scroll up count lines.

       ^Y     Scroll the screen up 1 line (shorthand for 1^U.)

       (#)a   Insert text AFTER the cursor. If you give a count, the insertion will  be  repeated
              count times ( 40i-ESC will give you a line of 40 dashes).

              The commands in insert mode are the same for visual and command mode.

       (*)(#)b
              Move  to  the  beginning  of  the  last word (the count'th word back).  A word is a
              collection of alphanumeric characters (a-z0-9$_#) or any other  nonwhite  character
              (i.e. anything but space, tab, eoln).

       c      Change  a  object.  Change  deletes  an  object,  then  enters  insert mode without
              redrawing the screen. When you tell it the object to be changed, Levee puts  a  '$'
              on the last character of the object. You cannot change backwards.

              The  object may be any visual mode command marked with a '(*) '. For example, 'c4l'
              will change the next 4 characters on the line to something else. (4cl does the same
              thing -- 4c4l changes the next 16 characters on this line.)

               'cc' will change whole lines.

              When changing, deleting, or yanking a object, it will be placed into a yank buffer,
              where it can be retrieved by the 'p' or 'P' commands.

       (#)d   Delete an object. Like 'cc', 'dd' affects whole lines.

       (*)(#)e
              Move to the end of the current word.

       (*)(#)f(x)
              Find the next (count'th) occurrence of  a  character  on  the  current  line.   For
              example,  if  the  cursor  is  sitting on the first character of the line 'abcdef',
              typing "ff" will put the cursor on the 'f'.

       (*)(#)h
              Move left one (count) characters. Exactly like ^H.

       (#)i   Start inserting characters at the cursor. If you specify  a  count,  the  insertion
              will be duplicated count times.

       (*)(#)j
              Move down one (count) lines. Exactly like ^J.

       (*)(#)k
              Move up one (count) lines. Exactly like ^K.

       ,B (*) (#)l
              Move right one (count) character. Exactly like ^L.

       m(x)   Set  the marker (x). There are 26 markers available (a-z). You may move to a marker
              by use of the ' or ` commands.

       (*)n   Find the next occurrence of a search pattern. When you do a search with a  /  or  ?
              command,  Levee  will  remember  the pattern and the direction you searched in. 'n'
              will search in the same direction for the pattern, 'N'  searches  in  the  opposite
              direction.

       o      Open a line below the current line for insertion.

       p      Put  yanked/deleted  text  back  after  the  cursor.  Text  is yanked by the delete
              (d,x,X,D), change (c,C,s,S), and yank (y,Y) commands.

       (#)r(x)
              Replace characters (up to end of line) with (x).  '4ra'  will  change  the  next  4
              characters after the cursor into 'aaaa'.

       (#)s   change one (count) characters. Shorthand for (#)cl.

       (*)(#)t(x)
              Move  up  to  a character on the current line. If you are on the first character of
              the line 'abcdef' and you type 'tf', you will end up sitting on the 'e'.

       u      Undo last modification. You can undo ANY modification command except :edit,  :next,
              :rm, or :write. (Just like :undo).

       (*)(#)v
              Move  back  to  the  very  end  of  the  previous (count'th) word.  See 'b' for the
              definition of a word.

       (*)(#)w
              Move up to the very beginning of the next (count'th) word.

       (#)x   Delete one (count) characters forward. Shorthand for (#)dl.

       y      Yank an object for later use by put. 'yy' yanks whole lines.

       A      Append text at the end of the line. Shorthand for $a.

       (*)(#)B
              Move to the beginning of the current word. Exactly like 'b'.

              NOTE: this is incorrect. the capitalized word movement commands should, and will in
              the future, be used for movement by space-delimited words.

       C      Change to the end of the line. Shorthand for c$.

       D      Delete to the end of the line. Shorthand for d$.

       (*)(#)F(x)
              Move  to  the  first  (count'th)  previous occurrence of a character on the current
              line. If you are sitting at the end of the line 'abcdef', typing "Fa" will move you
              back to the 'a' at the start of the line.

       (*)(#)G
              Goto line. If you specify a count, Levee will move to that line, and if there is no
              count, Levee moves to the absolute end of the file.

              To get to the start of the file, type "1G". To the end, just "G".

       (*)H   Move to the first nonwhite character at the top of the screen.

       I      Insert at the end of the current line. Shorthand for $i.

       (#)J   Join two (count+1) lines together. Joining appends the second line at  the  end  of
              the  first,  putting  a  space  between them. If the first line ends in whitespace,
              Levee will not put in a space.

       (*)L   Move to the last nonwhite character on the last line of the screen.

       (*)M   Move to the first nonwhite character in the middle of the screen.

       O      Open a line above the current line. Otherwise works just like 'o'.

       P      Put back the yank buffer at the cursor. Otherwise works just like 'p'.

       Q      Enter and remain in command mode. Just like the  command  :exec.  To  get  back  to
              visual mode, you must enter the command ':visual'.

       R      Replace  mode. A limited subset of insert mode that overwrites characters up to end
              of line. All of the  normal  insert  mode  commands  apply.   If  you  overwrite  a
              character,  then  back  over  it with ^H,^U, or ^W, it will reappear after you exit
              Replace mode.

              Escape exits replace mode.

              NOTE: due to a bug, entering a <return> in Replace mode will  drop  you  back  into
              visual mode with an error. The replacements you have made will remain.

       S      Change characters backwards. Shorthand for (#)ch.

       (*)(#)T(x)
              Move  back  to  character  on current line. If you are on the last character of the
              line 'abcdef', typing "Ta" will move you back to the 'b'.

       (*)(#)W
              Move to end of word. Exactly like 'e'.

       (#)X   Delete characters backwards. Shorthand for (#)dh.

       Y      Yank to end of line. Shorthand for y$.

       ZZ     Write changes to current file and exit if last file in arglist.  Exactly like :xit.

       (*)(#)$
              Move to end of line. If you give a count, move to the end  of  the  (count-1)  line
              down (so 2$ moves you to the end of the next line.).

       0      Move to the beginning of the current line.  Shorthand for 0|.

       (#)!   Pipe an object through an external program. Like 'cc', '!!' affects whole lines.

       (*)%   Find  matching bracket, parenthesis, or squiggly bracket. If you are not sitting on
              a '[]{}()', Levee will search forward for one of them on  the  current  line,  then
              match whatever it finds.

       [space]
              Move to the first nonwhite character on the current line.

       &      Redo last substitution command.

       (*)(#){
              Move to the beginning of the count'th paragraph back. A paragraph is delimited by a
              blank line.

       (*)(#)}
              Move to the end of the count'th paragraph forward.

       (*)(#)(
              Move to the beginning of the count'th sentence back. A sentence is delimited  by  a
              ., a !, or a ? followed by a space, a tab, or end of line.

       (*)(#))
              Move to the end of the count'th sentence forward.

       (*)(#)-
              Move to the (count'th) previous line, first nonwhite.

       (*)(#)+
              Move to the (count'th) next line, first nonwhite.

       (#)~   Change  the  case  of  the  next  count  characters.  Upper case becomes lowercase,
              lowercase becomes uppercase.

       (*)`(x)
              Move to the exact position of mark (x). There is a special mark  for  some  of  the
              visual  mode  move  meant commands -- '' will move you to where you were before the
              last (,),',`,G,/,?,n,N command.

       :      Execute one command mode command. When the command  is  done,  it  will  return  to
              visual  mode if it produces one line of output, but if it scrolls the screen, Levee
              will prompt [more] before returning to visual mode. If you type a : in response  to
              the [more] prompt, Levee will remain in command mode for one more command.

       (#)<(#)
              Shift one (count) objects left. If you specify a second count, Levee will shift the
              object left that many columns -- if you do not, they will be sh shifted  shiftwidth
              columns.

              This  is a nondestructive shift. If the shift would carry past the left margin, the
              objects will be moved up to the left margin but no farther.

              Like the other object movement commands, '<<' will affect whole lines.

       (#)>(#)
              Shift one (count) objects right. Just like <, except it will not shift objects past
              the  right margin of the screen. If you do shift an object past the right margin of
              the screen, all of its indent will be removed and  it  will  end  up  by  the  left
              margin.

       .      Repeat last modification command. (except undo)

       (*)?   Search for pattern backwards. Escape aborts the search pattern, and a empty pattern
              means search for the last pattern again.

       (*)/   Search for pattern forwards. Otherwise like ?.

       (#)|   Move to specified column. If you don't have a count, move to column 0.

REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

       Levee gives  special meanings to  some characters during a pattern match.   The  character
       "." will match any one char, the character "*" will match zero or  more occurrences of the
       previous char ( so, a* will match 'a','aa','aaa', etc, or it will match nothing  at  all).
       If  a  pattern  begins  with  "^",  it will  only match  at the  beginning of a line,  and
       patterns ending with a "$" will only match at the end of a line.

       Brackets ('[]') have special meaning as well.  They mean match any one of  the  characters
       inside  the brackets. '[abc]' will  match  'a', 'b', or 'c'.  You may  specify  a range of
       characters inside brackets  by  using  a  dash  (-).  '[a-z]'  will  match  any  lowercase
       alphabetic character.  If ^ is the first character  in  the  bracket,  it means match  any
       character except those in the brackets.   '[^abc]' will match anything except 'a','b',  or
       'c'.

       Backslash  takes away  special  meaning  for these chars, but '\t' specifies  a  tab,  and
       \( & \)  delimit  arguments inside a pattern (used only by :substitute.)     The  patterns
       \<  and  \>  have  special   meaning,  too;  they match the start and end of alpha-numeric
       tokens.

       If you  turn off  the editor variable  'magic',  none of the above  characters will   have
       special  meaning  inside of a pattern (see 'set').

       Some example patterns:

       ^end$  Find a line that is just 'end'.

       [Ee][Nn][Dd]
              Find a 'end', ignoring case.

       [A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]*
              Find the next identifier.

       ([*].*[*])
              Find the next one-line pascal comment.

       <the>  Find the next occurrence of `the'.

LIMITATIONS

       Levee  can  only  edit files up to 256000 characters long. ^M is used as its internal line
       separator, so inserting ^M will have interesting consequences.

BUGS

       Probably infinite.

AUTHOR

       David L. Parsons (orc@pell.chi.il.us)
       Testing, suggestions, and impractical design goals by: Jim  Bolland.  John  Tainter.  John
       Plocher.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 1982-2007 David L Parsons
       All rights reserved.

       Redistribution  and  use  in source and binary forms, without or without modification, are
       permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph  are  duplicated  in
       all  such  forms  and  that  any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials
       related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by  David
       L  Parsons  (orc@pell.chi.il.us).   My name may not be used to endorse or promote products
       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.   THIS  SOFTWARE  IS
       PROVIDED  AS  IS''  AND  WITHOUT  ANY  EXPRESS  OR  IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT
       LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED  WARRANTIES  OF  MERCHANTIBILITY  AND  FITNESS  FOR  A  PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE.