Provided by: binutils-msp430_2.22~msp20120406-5.1_amd64 bug

NAME

       AS - the portable GNU assembler.

SYNOPSIS

       as [-a[cdghlns][=file]] [--alternate] [-D]
        [--compress-debug-sections]  [--nocompress-debug-sections]
        [--debug-prefix-map old=new]
        [--defsym sym=val] [-f] [-g] [--gstabs]
        [--gstabs+] [--gdwarf-2] [--help] [-I dir] [-J]
        [-K] [-L] [--listing-lhs-width=NUM]
        [--listing-lhs-width2=NUM] [--listing-rhs-width=NUM]
        [--listing-cont-lines=NUM] [--keep-locals] [-o
        objfile] [-R] [--reduce-memory-overheads] [--statistics]
        [-v] [-version] [--version] [-W] [--warn]
        [--fatal-warnings] [-w] [-x] [-Z] [@FILE]
        [--size-check=[error|warning]]
        [--target-help] [target-options]
        [--|files ...]

       Target Alpha options:
          [-mcpu]
          [-mdebug | -no-mdebug]
          [-replace | -noreplace]
          [-relax] [-g] [-Gsize]
          [-F] [-32addr]

       Target ARC options:
          [-marc[5|6|7|8]]
          [-EB|-EL]

       Target ARM options:
          [-mcpu=processor[+extension...]]
          [-march=architecture[+extension...]]
          [-mfpu=floating-point-format]
          [-mfloat-abi=abi]
          [-meabi=ver]
          [-mthumb]
          [-EB|-EL]
          [-mapcs-32|-mapcs-26|-mapcs-float|
           -mapcs-reentrant]
          [-mthumb-interwork] [-k]

       Target Blackfin options:
          [-mcpu=processor[-sirevision]]
          [-mfdpic]
          [-mno-fdpic]
          [-mnopic]

       Target CRIS options:
          [--underscore | --no-underscore]
          [--pic] [-N]
          [--emulation=criself | --emulation=crisaout]
          [--march=v0_v10 | --march=v10 | --march=v32 | --march=common_v10_v32]

       Target D10V options:
          [-O]

       Target D30V options:
          [-O|-n|-N]

       Target H8/300 options:
          [-h-tick-hex]

       Target i386 options:
          [--32|--64] [-n]
          [-march=CPU[+EXTENSION...]] [-mtune=CPU]

       Target i960 options:
          [-ACA|-ACA_A|-ACB|-ACC|-AKA|-AKB|
           -AKC|-AMC]
          [-b] [-no-relax]

       Target IA-64 options:
          [-mconstant-gp|-mauto-pic]
          [-milp32|-milp64|-mlp64|-mp64]
          [-mle|mbe]
          [-mtune=itanium1|-mtune=itanium2]
          [-munwind-check=warning|-munwind-check=error]
          [-mhint.b=ok|-mhint.b=warning|-mhint.b=error]
          [-x|-xexplicit] [-xauto] [-xdebug]

       Target IP2K options:
          [-mip2022|-mip2022ext]

       Target M32C options:
          [-m32c|-m16c] [-relax] [-h-tick-hex]

       Target M32R options:
          [--m32rx|--[no-]warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts|
          --W[n]p]

       Target M680X0 options:
          [-l] [-m68000|-m68010|-m68020|...]

       Target M68HC11 options:
          [-m68hc11|-m68hc12|-m68hcs12]
          [-mshort|-mlong]
          [-mshort-double|-mlong-double]
          [--force-long-branches] [--short-branches]
          [--strict-direct-mode] [--print-insn-syntax]
          [--print-opcodes] [--generate-example]

       Target MCORE options:
          [-jsri2bsr] [-sifilter] [-relax]
          [-mcpu=[210|340]] Target MICROBLAZE options:

       Target MIPS options:
          [-nocpp] [-EL] [-EB] [-O[optimization level]]
          [-g[debug level]] [-G num] [-KPIC] [-call_shared]
          [-non_shared] [-xgot [-mvxworks-pic]
          [-mabi=ABI] [-32] [-n32] [-64] [-mfp32] [-mgp32]
          [-march=CPU] [-mtune=CPU] [-mips1] [-mips2]
          [-mips3] [-mips4] [-mips5] [-mips32] [-mips32r2]
          [-mips64] [-mips64r2]
          [-construct-floats] [-no-construct-floats]
          [-trap] [-no-break] [-break] [-no-trap]
          [-mips16] [-no-mips16]
          [-msmartmips] [-mno-smartmips]
          [-mips3d] [-no-mips3d]
          [-mdmx] [-no-mdmx]
          [-mdsp] [-mno-dsp]
          [-mdspr2] [-mno-dspr2]
          [-mmt] [-mno-mt]
          [-mfix7000] [-mno-fix7000]
          [-mfix-vr4120] [-mno-fix-vr4120]
          [-mfix-vr4130] [-mno-fix-vr4130]
          [-mdebug] [-no-mdebug]
          [-mpdr] [-mno-pdr]

       Target MMIX options:
          [--fixed-special-register-names] [--globalize-symbols]
          [--gnu-syntax] [--relax] [--no-predefined-symbols]
          [--no-expand] [--no-merge-gregs] [-x]
          [--linker-allocated-gregs]

       Target PDP11 options:
          [-mpic|-mno-pic] [-mall] [-mno-extensions]
          [-mextension|-mno-extension]
          [-mcpu] [-mmachine]

       Target picoJava options:
          [-mb|-me]

       Target PowerPC options:
          [-a32|-a64]
          [-mpwrx|-mpwr2|-mpwr|-m601|-mppc|-mppc32|-m603|-m604|-m403|-m405|
           -m440|-m464|-m476|-m7400|-m7410|-m7450|-m7455|-m750cl|-mppc64|
           -m620|-me500|-e500x2|-me500mc|-me500mc64|-mppc64bridge|-mbooke|
           -mpower4|-mpr4|-mpower5|-mpwr5|-mpwr5x|-mpower6|-mpwr6|
           -mpower7|-mpw7|-ma2|-mcell|-mspe|-mtitan|-me300|-mcom]
          [-many] [-maltivec|-mvsx]
          [-mregnames|-mno-regnames]
          [-mrelocatable|-mrelocatable-lib|-K PIC] [-memb]
          [-mlittle|-mlittle-endian|-le|-mbig|-mbig-endian|-be]
          [-msolaris|-mno-solaris]
          [-nops=count]

       Target RX options:
          [-mlittle-endian|-mbig-endian]
          [-m32bit-ints|-m16bit-ints]
          [-m32bit-doubles|-m64bit-doubles]

       Target s390 options:
          [-m31|-m64] [-mesa|-mzarch] [-march=CPU]
          [-mregnames|-mno-regnames]
          [-mwarn-areg-zero]

       Target SCORE options:
          [-EB][-EL][-FIXDD][-NWARN]
          [-SCORE5][-SCORE5U][-SCORE7][-SCORE3]
          [-march=score7][-march=score3]
          [-USE_R1][-KPIC][-O0][-G num][-V]

       Target SPARC options:
          [-Av6|-Av7|-Av8|-Asparclet|-Asparclite
           -Av8plus|-Av8plusa|-Av9|-Av9a]
          [-xarch=v8plus|-xarch=v8plusa] [-bump]
          [-32|-64]

       Target TIC54X options:
        [-mcpu=54[123589]|-mcpu=54[56]lp] [-mfar-mode|-mf]
        [-merrors-to-file <filename>|-me <filename>]

       Target TIC6X options:
          [-march=arch] [-matomic|-mno-atomic]
          [-mbig-endian|-mlittle-endian] [-mdsbt|-mno-dsbt]
          [-mpid=no|-mpid=near|-mpid=far] [-mpic|-mno-pic]

       Target Z80 options:
         [-z80] [-r800]
         [ -ignore-undocumented-instructions] [-Wnud]
         [ -ignore-unportable-instructions] [-Wnup]
         [ -warn-undocumented-instructions] [-Wud]
         [ -warn-unportable-instructions] [-Wup]
         [ -forbid-undocumented-instructions] [-Fud]
         [ -forbid-unportable-instructions] [-Fup]

       Target Xtensa options:
        [--[no-]text-section-literals] [--[no-]absolute-literals]
        [--[no-]target-align] [--[no-]longcalls]
        [--[no-]transform]
        [--rename-section oldname=newname]

DESCRIPTION

       GNU as is really a family of assemblers.  If you use (or have used) the GNU assembler on
       one architecture, you should find a fairly similar environment when you use it on another
       architecture.  Each version has much in common with the others, including object file
       formats, most assembler directives (often called pseudo-ops) and assembler syntax.

       as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler "gcc" for use by the
       linker "ld".  Nevertheless, we've tried to make as assemble correctly everything that
       other assemblers for the same machine would assemble.  Any exceptions are documented
       explicitly.  This doesn't mean as always uses the same syntax as another assembler for the
       same architecture; for example, we know of several incompatible versions of 680x0 assembly
       language syntax.

       Each time you run as it assembles exactly one source program.  The source program is made
       up of one or more files.  (The standard input is also a file.)

       You give as a command line that has zero or more input file names.  The input files are
       read (from left file name to right).  A command line argument (in any position) that has
       no special meaning is taken to be an input file name.

       If you give as no file names it attempts to read one input file from the as standard
       input, which is normally your terminal.  You may have to type ctl-D to tell as there is no
       more program to assemble.

       Use -- if you need to explicitly name the standard input file in your command line.

       If the source is empty, as produces a small, empty object file.

       as may write warnings and error messages to the standard error file (usually your
       terminal).  This should not happen when  a compiler runs as automatically.  Warnings
       report an assumption made so that as could keep assembling a flawed program; errors report
       a grave problem that stops the assembly.

       If you are invoking as via the GNU C compiler, you can use the -Wa option to pass
       arguments through to the assembler.  The assembler arguments must be separated from each
       other (and the -Wa) by commas.  For example:

               gcc -c -g -O -Wa,-alh,-L file.c

       This passes two options to the assembler: -alh (emit a listing to standard output with
       high-level and assembly source) and -L (retain local symbols in the symbol table).

       Usually you do not need to use this -Wa mechanism, since many compiler command-line
       options are automatically passed to the assembler by the compiler.  (You can call the GNU
       compiler driver with the -v option to see precisely what options it passes to each
       compilation pass, including the assembler.)

OPTIONS

       @file
           Read command-line options from file.  The options read are inserted in place of the
           original @file option.  If file does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option
           will be treated literally, and not removed.

           Options in file are separated by whitespace.  A whitespace character may be included
           in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single or double quotes.  Any
           character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be
           included with a backslash.  The file may itself contain additional @file options; any
           such options will be processed recursively.

       -a[cdghlmns]
           Turn on listings, in any of a variety of ways:

           -ac omit false conditionals

           -ad omit debugging directives

           -ag include general information, like as version and options passed

           -ah include high-level source

           -al include assembly

           -am include macro expansions

           -an omit forms processing

           -as include symbols

           =file
               set the name of the listing file

           You may combine these options; for example, use -aln for assembly listing without
           forms processing.  The =file option, if used, must be the last one.  By itself, -a
           defaults to -ahls.

       --alternate
           Begin in alternate macro mode.

       --compress-debug-sections
           Compress DWARF debug sections using zlib.  The debug sections are renamed to begin
           with .zdebug, and the resulting object file may not be compatible with older linkers
           and object file utilities.

       --nocompress-debug-sections
           Do not compress DWARF debug sections.  This is the default.

       -D  Ignored.  This option is accepted for script compatibility with calls to other
           assemblers.

       --debug-prefix-map old=new
           When assembling files in directory old, record debugging information describing them
           as in new instead.

       --defsym sym=value
           Define the symbol sym to be value before assembling the input file.  value must be an
           integer constant.  As in C, a leading 0x indicates a hexadecimal value, and a leading
           0 indicates an octal value.  The value of the symbol can be overridden inside a source
           file via the use of a ".set" pseudo-op.

       -f  "fast"---skip whitespace and comment preprocessing (assume source is compiler output).

       -g
       --gen-debug
           Generate debugging information for each assembler source line using whichever debug
           format is preferred by the target.  This currently means either STABS, ECOFF or
           DWARF2.

       --gstabs
           Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line.  This may help debugging
           assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.

       --gstabs+
           Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line, with GNU extensions that
           probably only gdb can handle, and that could make other debuggers crash or refuse to
           read your program.  This may help debugging assembler code.  Currently the only GNU
           extension is the location of the current working directory at assembling time.

       --gdwarf-2
           Generate DWARF2 debugging information for each assembler line.  This may help
           debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.  Note---this option is only
           supported by some targets, not all of them.

       --size-check=error
       --size-check=warning
           Issue an error or warning for invalid ELF .size directive.

       --help
           Print a summary of the command line options and exit.

       --target-help
           Print a summary of all target specific options and exit.

       -I dir
           Add directory dir to the search list for ".include" directives.

       -J  Don't warn about signed overflow.

       -K  Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements.

       -L
       --keep-locals
           Keep (in the symbol table) local symbols.  These symbols start with system-specific
           local label prefixes, typically .L for ELF systems or L for traditional a.out systems.

       --listing-lhs-width=number
           Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for an assembler listing to
           number.

       --listing-lhs-width2=number
           Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for continuation lines in
           an assembler listing to number.

       --listing-rhs-width=number
           Set the maximum width of an input source line, as displayed in a listing, to number
           bytes.

       --listing-cont-lines=number
           Set the maximum number of lines printed in a listing for a single line of input to
           number + 1.

       -o objfile
           Name the object-file output from as objfile.

       -R  Fold the data section into the text section.

           Set the default size of GAS's hash tables to a prime number close to number.
           Increasing this value can reduce the length of time it takes the assembler to perform
           its tasks, at the expense of increasing the assembler's memory requirements.
           Similarly reducing this value can reduce the memory requirements at the expense of
           speed.

       --reduce-memory-overheads
           This option reduces GAS's memory requirements, at the expense of making the assembly
           processes slower.  Currently this switch is a synonym for --hash-size=4051, but in the
           future it may have other effects as well.

       --statistics
           Print the maximum space (in bytes) and total time (in seconds) used by assembly.

       --strip-local-absolute
           Remove local absolute symbols from the outgoing symbol table.

       -v
       -version
           Print the as version.

       --version
           Print the as version and exit.

       -W
       --no-warn
           Suppress warning messages.

       --fatal-warnings
           Treat warnings as errors.

       --warn
           Don't suppress warning messages or treat them as errors.

       -w  Ignored.

       -x  Ignored.

       -Z  Generate an object file even after errors.

       -- | files ...
           Standard input, or source files to assemble.

       The following options are available when as is configured for an ARC processor.

       -marc[5|6|7|8]
           This option selects the core processor variant.

       -EB | -EL
           Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the ARM processor family.

       -mcpu=processor[+extension...]
           Specify which ARM processor variant is the target.

       -march=architecture[+extension...]
           Specify which ARM architecture variant is used by the target.

       -mfpu=floating-point-format
           Select which Floating Point architecture is the target.

       -mfloat-abi=abi
           Select which floating point ABI is in use.

       -mthumb
           Enable Thumb only instruction decoding.

       -mapcs-32 | -mapcs-26 | -mapcs-float | -mapcs-reentrant
           Select which procedure calling convention is in use.

       -EB | -EL
           Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.

       -mthumb-interwork
           Specify that the code has been generated with interworking between Thumb and ARM code
           in mind.

       -k  Specify that PIC code has been generated.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the Blackfin processor
       family.

       -mcpu=processor[-sirevision]
           This option specifies the target processor.  The optional sirevision is not used in
           assembler.

       -mfdpic
           Assemble for the FDPIC ABI.

       -mno-fdpic
       -mnopic
           Disable -mfdpic.

       See the info pages for documentation of the CRIS-specific options.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a D10V processor.

       -O  Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a D30V processor.

       -O  Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

       -n  Warn when nops are generated.

       -N  Warn when a nop after a 32-bit multiply instruction is generated.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the Intel 80960 processor.

       -ACA | -ACA_A | -ACB | -ACC | -AKA | -AKB | -AKC | -AMC
           Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.

       -b  Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.

       -no-relax
           Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long displacements; error if
           necessary.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the Ubicom IP2K series.

       -mip2022ext
           Specifies that the extended IP2022 instructions are allowed.

       -mip2022
           Restores the default behaviour, which restricts the permitted instructions to just the
           basic IP2022 ones.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the Renesas M32C and M16C
       processors.

       -m32c
           Assemble M32C instructions.

       -m16c
           Assemble M16C instructions (the default).

       -relax
           Enable support for link-time relaxations.

       -h-tick-hex
           Support H'00 style hex constants in addition to 0x00 style.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the Renesas M32R (formerly
       Mitsubishi M32R) series.

       --m32rx
           Specify which processor in the M32R family is the target.  The default is normally the
           M32R, but this option changes it to the M32RX.

       --warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wp
           Produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are encountered.

       --no-warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wnp
           Do not produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are encountered.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the Motorola 68000 series.

       -l  Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two.

       -m68000 | -m68008 | -m68010 | -m68020 | -m68030
       | -m68040 | -m68060 | -m68302 | -m68331 | -m68332
       | -m68333 | -m68340 | -mcpu32 | -m5200
           Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target.  The default is normally the
           68020, but this can be changed at configuration time.

       -m68881 | -m68882 | -mno-68881 | -mno-68882
           The target machine does (or does not) have a floating-point coprocessor.  The default
           is to assume a coprocessor for 68020, 68030, and cpu32.  Although the basic 68000 is
           not compatible with the 68881, a combination of the two can be specified, since it's
           possible to do emulation of the coprocessor instructions with the main processor.

       -m68851 | -mno-68851
           The target machine does (or does not) have a memory-management unit coprocessor.  The
           default is to assume an MMU for 68020 and up.

       For details about the PDP-11 machine dependent features options, see PDP-11-Options.

       -mpic | -mno-pic
           Generate position-independent (or position-dependent) code.  The default is -mpic.

       -mall
       -mall-extensions
           Enable all instruction set extensions.  This is the default.

       -mno-extensions
           Disable all instruction set extensions.

       -mextension | -mno-extension
           Enable (or disable) a particular instruction set extension.

       -mcpu
           Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a particular CPU, and disable all
           other extensions.

       -mmachine
           Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a particular machine model, and
           disable all other extensions.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a picoJava processor.

       -mb Generate "big endian" format output.

       -ml Generate "little endian" format output.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the Motorola 68HC11 or
       68HC12 series.

       -m68hc11 | -m68hc12 | -m68hcs12
           Specify what processor is the target.  The default is defined by the configuration
           option when building the assembler.

       -mshort
           Specify to use the 16-bit integer ABI.

       -mlong
           Specify to use the 32-bit integer ABI.

       -mshort-double
           Specify to use the 32-bit double ABI.

       -mlong-double
           Specify to use the 64-bit double ABI.

       --force-long-branches
           Relative branches are turned into absolute ones. This concerns conditional branches,
           unconditional branches and branches to a sub routine.

       -S | --short-branches
           Do not turn relative branches into absolute ones when the offset is out of range.

       --strict-direct-mode
           Do not turn the direct addressing mode into extended addressing mode when the
           instruction does not support direct addressing mode.

       --print-insn-syntax
           Print the syntax of instruction in case of error.

       --print-opcodes
           print the list of instructions with syntax and then exit.

       --generate-example
           print an example of instruction for each possible instruction and then exit.  This
           option is only useful for testing as.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the SPARC architecture:

       -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite
       -Av8plus | -Av8plusa | -Av9 | -Av9a
           Explicitly select a variant of the SPARC architecture.

           -Av8plus and -Av8plusa select a 32 bit environment.  -Av9 and -Av9a select a 64 bit
           environment.

           -Av8plusa and -Av9a enable the SPARC V9 instruction set with UltraSPARC extensions.

       -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa
           For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler.  These options are equivalent to
           -Av8plus and -Av8plusa, respectively.

       -bump
           Warn when the assembler switches to another architecture.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the 'c54x architecture.

       -mfar-mode
           Enable extended addressing mode.  All addresses and relocations will assume extended
           addressing (usually 23 bits).

       -mcpu=CPU_VERSION
           Sets the CPU version being compiled for.

       -merrors-to-file FILENAME
           Redirect error output to a file, for broken systems which don't support such behaviour
           in the shell.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a MIPS processor.

       -G num
           This option sets the largest size of an object that can be referenced implicitly with
           the "gp" register.  It is only accepted for targets that use ECOFF format, such as a
           DECstation running Ultrix.  The default value is 8.

       -EB Generate "big endian" format output.

       -EL Generate "little endian" format output.

       -mips1
       -mips2
       -mips3
       -mips4
       -mips5
       -mips32
       -mips32r2
       -mips64
       -mips64r2
           Generate code for a particular MIPS Instruction Set Architecture level.  -mips1 is an
           alias for -march=r3000, -mips2 is an alias for -march=r6000, -mips3 is an alias for
           -march=r4000 and -mips4 is an alias for -march=r8000.  -mips5, -mips32, -mips32r2,
           -mips64, and -mips64r2 correspond to generic MIPS V, MIPS32, MIPS32 Release 2, MIPS64,
           and MIPS64 Release 2 ISA processors, respectively.

       -march=CPU
           Generate code for a particular MIPS cpu.

       -mtune=cpu
           Schedule and tune for a particular MIPS cpu.

       -mfix7000
       -mno-fix7000
           Cause nops to be inserted if the read of the destination register of an mfhi or mflo
           instruction occurs in the following two instructions.

       -mdebug
       -no-mdebug
           Cause stabs-style debugging output to go into an ECOFF-style .mdebug section instead
           of the standard ELF .stabs sections.

       -mpdr
       -mno-pdr
           Control generation of ".pdr" sections.

       -mgp32
       -mfp32
           The register sizes are normally inferred from the ISA and ABI, but these flags force a
           certain group of registers to be treated as 32 bits wide at all times.  -mgp32
           controls the size of general-purpose registers and -mfp32 controls the size of
           floating-point registers.

       -mips16
       -no-mips16
           Generate code for the MIPS 16 processor.  This is equivalent to putting ".set mips16"
           at the start of the assembly file.  -no-mips16 turns off this option.

       -msmartmips
       -mno-smartmips
           Enables the SmartMIPS extension to the MIPS32 instruction set. This is equivalent to
           putting ".set smartmips" at the start of the assembly file.  -mno-smartmips turns off
           this option.

       -mips3d
       -no-mips3d
           Generate code for the MIPS-3D Application Specific Extension.  This tells the
           assembler to accept MIPS-3D instructions.  -no-mips3d turns off this option.

       -mdmx
       -no-mdmx
           Generate code for the MDMX Application Specific Extension.  This tells the assembler
           to accept MDMX instructions.  -no-mdmx turns off this option.

       -mdsp
       -mno-dsp
           Generate code for the DSP Release 1 Application Specific Extension.  This tells the
           assembler to accept DSP Release 1 instructions.  -mno-dsp turns off this option.

       -mdspr2
       -mno-dspr2
           Generate code for the DSP Release 2 Application Specific Extension.  This option
           implies -mdsp.  This tells the assembler to accept DSP Release 2 instructions.
           -mno-dspr2 turns off this option.

       -mmt
       -mno-mt
           Generate code for the MT Application Specific Extension.  This tells the assembler to
           accept MT instructions.  -mno-mt turns off this option.

       --construct-floats
       --no-construct-floats
           The --no-construct-floats option disables the construction of double width floating
           point constants by loading the two halves of the value into the two single width
           floating point registers that make up the double width register.  By default
           --construct-floats is selected, allowing construction of these floating point
           constants.

       --emulation=name
           This option causes as to emulate as configured for some other target, in all respects,
           including output format (choosing between ELF and ECOFF only), handling of pseudo-
           opcodes which may generate debugging information or store symbol table information,
           and default endianness.  The available configuration names are: mipsecoff, mipself,
           mipslecoff, mipsbecoff, mipslelf, mipsbelf.  The first two do not alter the default
           endianness from that of the primary target for which the assembler was configured; the
           others change the default to little- or big-endian as indicated by the b or l in the
           name.  Using -EB or -EL will override the endianness selection in any case.

           This option is currently supported only when the primary target as is configured for
           is a MIPS ELF or ECOFF target.  Furthermore, the primary target or others specified
           with --enable-targets=... at configuration time must include support for the other
           format, if both are to be available.  For example, the Irix 5 configuration includes
           support for both.

           Eventually, this option will support more configurations, with more fine-grained
           control over the assembler's behavior, and will be supported for more processors.

       -nocpp
           as ignores this option.  It is accepted for compatibility with the native tools.

       --trap
       --no-trap
       --break
       --no-break
           Control how to deal with multiplication overflow and division by zero.  --trap or
           --no-break (which are synonyms) take a trap exception (and only work for Instruction
           Set Architecture level 2 and higher); --break or --no-trap (also synonyms, and the
           default) take a break exception.

       -n  When this option is used, as will issue a warning every time it generates a nop
           instruction from a macro.

       The following options are available when as is configured for an MCore processor.

       -jsri2bsr
       -nojsri2bsr
           Enable or disable the JSRI to BSR transformation.  By default this is enabled.  The
           command line option -nojsri2bsr can be used to disable it.

       -sifilter
       -nosifilter
           Enable or disable the silicon filter behaviour.  By default this is disabled.  The
           default can be overridden by the -sifilter command line option.

       -relax
           Alter jump instructions for long displacements.

       -mcpu=[210|340]
           Select the cpu type on the target hardware.  This controls which instructions can be
           assembled.

       -EB Assemble for a big endian target.

       -EL Assemble for a little endian target.

       See the info pages for documentation of the MMIX-specific options.

       See the info pages for documentation of the RX-specific options.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the s390 processor family.

       -m31
       -m64
           Select the word size, either 31/32 bits or 64 bits.

       -mesa
       -mzarch
           Select the architecture mode, either the Enterprise System Architecture (esa) or the
           z/Architecture mode (zarch).

       -march=processor
           Specify which s390 processor variant is the target, g6, g6, z900, z990, z9-109, z9-ec,
           or z10.

       -mregnames
       -mno-regnames
           Allow or disallow symbolic names for registers.

       -mwarn-areg-zero
           Warn whenever the operand for a base or index register has been specified but
           evaluates to zero.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a TMS320C6000 processor.

       -march=arch
           Enable (only) instructions from architecture arch.  By default, all instructions are
           permitted.

           The following values of arch are accepted: "c62x", "c64x", "c64x+", "c67x", "c67x+",
           "c674x".

       -matomic
       -mno-atomic
           Enable or disable the optional C64x+ atomic operation instructions.  By default, they
           are enabled if no -march option is given, or if an architecture is specified with
           -march that implies these instructions are present (currently, there are no such
           architectures); they are disabled if an architecture is specified with -march on which
           the instructions are optional or not present.  This option overrides such a default
           from the architecture, independent of the order in which the -march or -matomic or
           -mno-atomic options are passed.

       -mdsbt
       -mno-dsbt
           The -mdsbt option causes the assembler to generate the "Tag_ABI_DSBT" attribute with a
           value of 1, indicating that the code is using DSBT addressing.  The -mno-dsbt option,
           the default, causes the tag to have a value of 0, indicating that the code does not
           use DSBT addressing.  The linker will emit a warning if objects of different type
           (DSBT and non-DSBT) are linked together.

       -mpid=no
       -mpid=near
       -mpid=far
           The -mpid= option causes the assembler to generate the "Tag_ABI_PID" attribute with a
           value indicating the form of data addressing used by the code.  -mpid=no, the default,
           indicates position-dependent data addressing, -mpid=near indicates position-
           independent addressing with GOT accesses using near DP addressing, and -mpid=far
           indicates position-independent addressing with GOT accesses using far DP addressing.
           The linker will emit a warning if objects built with different settings of this option
           are linked together.

       -mpic
       -mno-pic
           The -mpic option causes the assembler to generate the "Tag_ABI_PIC" attribute with a
           value of 1, indicating that the code is using position-independent code addressing,
           The "-mno-pic" option, the default, causes the tag to have a value of 0, indicating
           position-dependent code addressing.  The linker will emit a warning if objects of
           different type (position-dependent and position-independent) are linked together.

       -mbig-endian
       -mlittle-endian
           Generate code for the specified endianness.  The default is little-endian.

       The following options are available when as is configured for an Xtensa processor.

       --text-section-literals | --no-text-section-literals
           With --text-section-literals, literal pools are interspersed in the text section.  The
           default is --no-text-section-literals, which places literals in a separate section in
           the output file.  These options only affect literals referenced via PC-relative "L32R"
           instructions; literals for absolute mode "L32R" instructions are handled separately.

       --absolute-literals | --no-absolute-literals
           Indicate to the assembler whether "L32R" instructions use absolute or PC-relative
           addressing.  The default is to assume absolute addressing if the Xtensa processor
           includes the absolute "L32R" addressing option.  Otherwise, only the PC-relative
           "L32R" mode can be used.

       --target-align | --no-target-align
           Enable or disable automatic alignment to reduce branch penalties at the expense of
           some code density.  The default is --target-align.

       --longcalls | --no-longcalls
           Enable or disable transformation of call instructions to allow calls across a greater
           range of addresses.  The default is --no-longcalls.

       --transform | --no-transform
           Enable or disable all assembler transformations of Xtensa instructions.  The default
           is --transform; --no-transform should be used only in the rare cases when the
           instructions must be exactly as specified in the assembly source.

       --rename-section oldname=newname
           When generating output sections, rename the oldname section to newname.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a Z80 family processor.

       -z80
           Assemble for Z80 processor.

       -r800
           Assemble for R800 processor.

       -ignore-undocumented-instructions
       -Wnud
           Assemble undocumented Z80 instructions that also work on R800 without warning.

       -ignore-unportable-instructions
       -Wnup
           Assemble all undocumented Z80 instructions without warning.

       -warn-undocumented-instructions
       -Wud
           Issue a warning for undocumented Z80 instructions that also work on R800.

       -warn-unportable-instructions
       -Wup
           Issue a warning for undocumented Z80 instructions that do not work on R800.

       -forbid-undocumented-instructions
       -Fud
           Treat all undocumented instructions as errors.

       -forbid-unportable-instructions
       -Fup
           Treat undocumented Z80 instructions that do not work on R800 as errors.

SEE ALSO

       gcc(1), ld(1), and the Info entries for binutils and ld.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
       2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of
       the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free
       Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
       Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
       Documentation License".