Provided by: sipsak_0.9.7-1_amd64 
NAME
sipsak - a utility for various tests on sip servers and user agents
SYNOPSIS
sipsak [-dFGhiILnNMRSTUVvwz] [-a PASSWORD ] [-b NUMBER ] [-c SIPURI ] [-C SIPURI ] [-D
NUMBER ] [-e NUMBER ] [-E STRING ] [-f FILE ] [-g STRING ] [-H HOSTNAME ] [-j STRING ] [-J
STRING ] [-l PORT ] [-m NUMBER ] [-o NUMBER ] [-p HOSTNAME ] [-P NUMBER ] [-q REGEXP ] [-r
PORT ] [-t NUMBER ] [-u STRING ] [-W NUMBER ] [-x NUMBER ] -s SIPURI
DESCRIPTION
sipsak is a SIP stress and diagnostics utility. It sends SIP requests to the server
within the sip-uri and examines received responses. It runs in one of the following
modes:
- default mode
A SIP message is sent to destination in sip-uri and reply status is displayed. The
request is either taken from filename or generated as a new OPTIONS message.
- traceroute mode (-T)
This mode is useful for learning request's path. It operates similarly to IP-layer
utility traceroute(8).
- message mode (-M)
Sends a short message (similar to SMS from the mobile phones) to a given target.
With the option -B the content of the MESSAGE can be set. Useful might be the
options -c and -O in this mode.
- usrloc mode (-U)
Stress mode for SIP registrar. sipsak keeps registering to a SIP server at high
pace. Additionally the registrar can be stressed with the -I or the -M option. If
-I and -M are omitted sipsak can be used to register any given contact (with the -C
option) for an account at a registrar and to query the current bindings for an
account at a registrar.
- randtrash mode (-R)
Parser torture mode. sipsak keeps sending randomly corrupted messages to torture a
SIP server's parser.
- flood mode (-F)
Stress mode for SIP servers. sipsak keeps sending requests to a SIP server at high
pace.
If libruli (http://www.nongnu.org/ruli/) or c-ares (http://daniel.haxx.se/projects/c-
ares/) support is compiled into the sipsak binary, then first a SRV lookup for
_sip._tcp.hostname is made. If that fails a SRV lookup for _sip._udp.hostname is made. And
if this lookup fails a normal A lookup is made. If a port was given in the target URI the
SRV lookup is omitted. Failover, load distribution and other transports are not supported
yet.
OPTIONS
-a, --password PASSWORD
With the given PASSWORD an authentication will be tried on received '401
Unauthorized'. Authorization will be tried on time. If this option is omitted an
authorization with an empty password ("") will be tried. If the password is equal
to - the password will be read from the standard input (e.g. the keyboard). This
prevents other users on the same host from seeing the password in the process list.
NOTE: the password still can be read from the memory if other users have access to
it.
-A, --timing
prints only the timing values of the test run if verbosity is zero because no -v
was given. If one or more -v were given this option will be ignored.
-b, --apendix-begin NUMBER
The starting number which is appended to the user name in the usrloc mode. This
NUMBER is increased until it reaches the value given by the -e parameter. If
omitted the starting number will be one.
-B, --message-body STRING
The given STRING will be used as the body for outgoing MESSAGE requests.
-c, --from SIPURI
The given SIPURI will be used in the From header if sipsak runs in the message mode
(initiated with the -M option). This is helpful to present the receiver of a
MESSAGE a meaningful and usable address to where maybe even responses can be sent.
-C, --contact SIPURI
This is the content of the Contact header in the usrloc mode. This allows to insert
forwards like for mail. For example you can insert the uri of your first SIP
account at a second account, thus all calls to the second account will be forwarded
to the first account. As the argument to this option will not be enclosed in
brackets you can give also multiple contacts in the raw format as comma separated
list. The special words empty or none will result in no contact header in the
REGISTER request and thus the server should answer with the current bindings for
the account at the registrar. The special words * or star will result in Contact
header containing just a star, e.g. to remove all bindings by using expires value 0
together with this Contact.
-d, --ignore-redirects
If this option is set all redirects will be ignored. By default without this option
received redirects will be respected. This option is automatically activated in the
randtrash mode and in the flood mode.
-D, --timeout-factor NUMBER
The SIP_T1 timer is getting multiplied with the given NUMBER. After receiving a
provisional response for an INVITE request, or when a reliable transport like TCP
or TLS is used sipsak waits for the resulting amount of time for a final response
until it gives up.
-e, --appendix-end NUMBER
The ending number which is appended to the user name in the usrloc mode. This
number is increased until it reaches this ending number. In the flood mode this is
the maximum number of messages which will be sent. If omitted the default value is
2^31 (2147483647) in the flood mode.
-E, --transport STRING
The value of STRING will be used as IP transport for sending and receiving requests
and responses. This option overwrites any result from the URI evaluation and SRV
lookup. Currently only 'udp' and 'tcp' are accepted as value for STRING.
-f, --filename FILE
The content of FILE will be read in in binary mode and will be used as replacement
for the alternatively created sip message. This can used in the default mode to
make other requests than OPTIONS requests (e.g. INVITE). By default missing
carriage returns in front of line feeds will be inserted (use -L to de-activate
this function). If the filename is equal to - the file is read from standard input,
e.g. from the keyboard or a pipe. Please note that the manipulation functions
(e.g. inserting Via header) are only tested with RFC conform requests. Additionally
special strings within the file can be replaced with some local or given values
(see -g and -G for details).
-F, --flood-mode
This option activates the flood mode. In this mode OPTIONS requests with increasing
CSeq numbers are sent to the server. Replies are ignored -- source port 9 (discard)
of localhost is advertised in topmost Via.
-h, --help
Prints out a simple usage help message. If the long option --help is available it
will print out a help message with the available long options.
-g, --replace-string STRING
Activates the replacement of $replace$ within the request (usually read in from a
file) with the STRING. Alternatively you can also specify a list of attributes and
values. This list has to start and end with a non alpha-numeric character. The
same character has to be used also as separator between the attribute and the value
and between new further attribute value pairs. The string "$attribute$" will be
replaced with the value string in the message.
-G, --replace
Activates the automatic replacement of the following variables in the request
(usually read in from a file): $dsthost$ will be replaced with the host or
domainname which is given by the -s parameter. $srchost$ will be replaced by the
hostname of the local machine. $port$ will be replaced by the local listening port
of sipsak. $user$ will be replaced by the username which is given by the -s
parameter.
-H, --hostname HOSTNAME
Overwrites the automatic detection of the hostname with the given parameter.
Warning: use this with caution (preferable only if the automatic detection fails).
-i, --no-via
Deactivates the insertion of the Via line of the localhost. Warning: this probably
disables the receiving of the responses from the server.
-I, --invite-mode
Activates the Invites cycles within the usrloc mode. It should be combined with -U.
In this combination sipsak first registers a user, and then simulates an invitation
to this user. First an Invite is sent, this is replied with 200 OK and finally an
ACK is sent. This option can also be used without -U , but you should be sure to
NOT invite real UAs with this option. In the case of a missing -U the -l PORT is
required because only if you made a -U run with a fixed local port before, a run
with -I and the same fixed local port can be successful. Warning: sipsak is no
real UA and invitations to real UAs can result in unexpected behaviour.
-j, --headers STRING
The string will be added as one or more additional headers to the request. The
string "\n" (note: two characters) will be replaced with CRLF and thus result in
two separate headers. That way more then one header can be added.
-J, --autohash STRING
The string will be used as the H(A1) input to the digest authentication response
calculation. Thus no password from the -a option is required if this option is
provided. The given string is expected to be a hex string with the length of the
used hash function.
-k, --local-ip STRING
The local ip address to be used
-l, --local-port PORT
The receiving UDP socket will use the local network port. Useful if a file is
given by -f which contains a correct Via line. Check the -S option for details how
sipsak sends and receives messages.
-L, --no-crlf
De-activates the insertion of carriage returns (\r) before all line feeds (\n)
(which is not already proceeded by carraige return) if the input is coming from a
file ( -f ). Without this option also an empty line will be appended to the request
if required.
-m, --max-forwards NUMBER
This sets the value of the Max-Forward header field. If omitted no Max-Forward
field will be inserted. If omitted in the traceroute mode number will be 255.
-M, --message-mode
This activates the Messages cycles within the usrloc mode (known from sipsak
versions pre 0.8.0 within the normal usrloc test). This option should be combined
with -U so that a successful registration will be tested with a test message to the
user and replied with 200 OK. But this option can also be used without the -U
option. Warning: using without -U can cause unexpected behaivor.
-n, --numeric
Instead of the full qualified domain name in the Via line the IP of the local host
will be used. This option is now on by default.
-N, --nagios-code
Use Nagios comliant return codes instead of the normal sipsak ones. This means
sipsak will return 0 if everything was ok and 2 in case of any error (local or
remote).
-o, --sleep NUMBER
sipsak will sleep for NUMBER ms before it starts the next cycle in the usrloc mode.
This will slow down the whole test process to be more realistic. Each cycle will be
still completed as fast as possible, but the whole test will be slowed down.
-O, --disposition STRING
The given STRING will be used as the content for the Content-Disposition header.
Without this option there will be no Content-Disposition header in the request.
-p, --outbound-proxy HOSTNAME[:PORT]
the address of the hostname is the target where the request will be sent to
(outgoing proxy). Use this if the destination host is different from the host part
of the request uri. The hostname is resolved via DNS SRV if supported (see
description for SRV resolving) and no port is given.
-P, --processes NUMBER
Start NUMBER of processes in parallel to do the send and reply checking. Only makes
sense if a higher number for -e is given in the usrloc, message or invite mode.
-q, --search REGEXP
match replies against REGEXP and return false if no match occurred. Useful for
example to detect server name in Server header field.
-r, --remote-port PORT
Instead of the default sip port 5060 the PORT will be used. Alternatively the
remote port can be given within the sip uri of the -s parameter.
-R, --random-mode
This activates the randtrash mode. In this mode OPTIONS requests will be sent to
server with increasing numbers of randomly crashed characters within this request.
The position within the request and the replacing character are randomly chosen.
Any other response than Bad request (4xx) will stop this mode. Also three
unresponded sends will stop this mode. With the -t parameter the maximum of trashed
characters can be given.
-s, --sip-uri SIPURI
This mandatory option sets the destination of the request. It depends on the mode
if only the server name or also a user name is mandatory. Example for a full SIPURI
: sip:test@foo.bar:123 See the note in the description part about SRV lookups for
details how the hostname of this URI is converted into an IP and port.
-S, --symmetric
With this option sipsak will use only one port for sending and receiving messages.
With this option the local port for sending will be the value from the -l option.
In the default mode sipsak sends from a random port and listens on the given port
from the -l option. Note: With this option sipsak will not be able to receive
replies from servers with asymmetric signaling (and broken rport implementation)
like the Cisco proxy. If you run sipsak as root and with raw socket support (check
the output from the -V option) then this option is not required because in this
case sipsak already uses only one port for sending and receiving messages.
-t, --trash-chars NUMBER
This parameter specifies the maximum of trashed characters in the randtrash mode.
If omitted NUMBER will be set to the length of the request.
-T, --traceroute-mode
This activates the traceroute mode. This mode works like the well known
traceroute(8) command expect that not the number of network hops is counted rather
the number of servers on the way to the destination user. Also the round trip time
of each request is printed out, but due to a limitation within the sip protocol the
identity (IP or name) can only be determined and printed out if the response from
the server contains a warning header field. In this mode on each outgoing request
the value of the Max-Forwards header field is increased, starting with one. The
maximum of the Max-Forwards header will be 255 if no other value is given by the -m
parameter. Any other response than 483 or 1xx is treated as a final response and
will terminate this mode.
-u, --auth-username STRING
Use the given STRING as username value for the authentication (different account
and authentication username).
-U, --usrloc-mode
This activates the usrloc mode. Without the -I or the -M option, this only
registers users at a registrar. With one of the above options the previous
registered user will also be probed, wether with a simulated call flow (invite,
200, ack) or with an instant message (message, 200). One password for all users
accounts within the usrloc test can be given with the -a option. A user name is
mandatory for this mode in the -s parameter. The number starting from the -b
parameter to the -e parameter is appended the user name. If the -b and the -e
parameter are omitted, only one run with the given username, but without append
number to the usernames is done.
-v, --verbose
This parameter increases the output verbosity. No -v means nearly no output except
in traceroute and error messages. The maximum of three v's prints out the content
of all packets received and sent.
-V, --version
Prints out the name and version number of sipsak and the options which were
compiled into the binary.
-w, --extract-ip
Activates the extraction of the IP or hostname from the Warning header field.
-W, --nagios-warn NUMBER
Return Nagios warn exit code (1) if the number of retransmissions before success
was above the given number.
-x, --expires NUMBER
Sets the value of the Expires header to the given number.
-z, --remove-bindings
Activates the randomly removing of old bindings in the usrloc mode. How many
percent of the bindings will be removed, is determined by the USRLOC_REMOVE_PERCENT
define within the code (set it before compilation). Multiple removing of bindings
is possible, and cannot be prevented.
-Z, --timer-t1
Sets the amount of milliseconds for the SIP timer T1. It determines the length of
the gaps between two retransmissions of a request on a unreliable transport.
Default value is 500 if not changed via the configure option --enable-timeout.
RETURN VALUES
The return value 0 means that a 200 was received. 1 means something else than 1xx or 2xx
was received. 2 will be returned on local errors like non resolvable names or wrong
options combination. 3 will be returned on remote errors like socket errors (e.g. icmp
error), redirects without a contact header or simply no answer (timeout).
If the -N option was given the return code will be 2 in case of any (local or remote)
error. 1 in case there have been retransmissions from sipsak to the server. And 0 if there
was no error at all.
CAUTION
Use sipsak responsibly. Running it in any of the stress modes puts substantial burden on
network and server under test.
EXAMPLES
sipsak -vv -s sip:nobody@foo.bar
displays received replies.
sipsak -T -s sip:nobody@foo.bar
traces SIP path to nobody.
sipsak -U -C sip:me@home -x 3600 -a password -s sip:myself@company
inserts forwarding from work to home for one hour.
sipsak -f bye.sip -g '!FTAG!345.af23!TTAG!1208.12!' -s sip:myproxy
reads the file bye.sip, replaces $FTAG$ with 345.af23 and $TTAG$ with 1208.12 and
finally send this message to myproxy
LIMITATIONS / NOT IMPLEMENTED
Many servers may decide NOT to include SIP "Warning" header fields. Unfortunately, this
makes displaying IP addresses of SIP servers in traceroute mode impossible.
IPv6 is not supported.
Missing support for the Record-Route and Route header.
BUGS
sipsak is only tested against the SIP Express Router (ser) though their could be various
bugs. Please feel free to mail them to the author.
AUTHOR
Nils Ohlmeier <nils at sipsak dot org>
SEE ALSO
traceroute(8)