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NAME

       v.net  - Performs network maintenance.

KEYWORDS

       vector, network, network maintenance

SYNOPSIS

       v.net
       v.net --help
       v.net    [-cs]     [input=name]      [points=name]      [output=name]     operation=string
       [arc_layer=string]           [arc_type=string[,string,...]]            [node_layer=string]
       [threshold=float]       [file=name]       [turn_layer=string]      [turn_cat_layer=string]
       [--overwrite]  [--help]  [--verbose]  [--quiet]  [--ui]

   Flags:
       -c
           Assign unique categories to new points
           For operation ’nodes’

       -s
           Snap points to network
           For operation ’connect’. By default, a new line from  the  point  to  the  network  is
           created.

       --overwrite
           Allow output files to overwrite existing files

       --help
           Print usage summary

       --verbose
           Verbose module output

       --quiet
           Quiet module output

       --ui
           Force launching GUI dialog

   Parameters:
       input=name
           Name of input vector line map (arcs)
           Required for operation ’nodes’, ’connect’, ’report’ and ’nreport’

       points=name
           Name of input vector point map (nodes)
           Required for operation ’connect’ and ’arcs’

       output=name
           Name for output vector map

       operation=string [required]
           Operation to be performed
           Options: nodes, connect, arcs, report, nreport, turntable
           nodes: new point is placed on each node (line end) if doesn’t exist
           connect: connect still unconnected points to vector network by inserting new line(s)
           arcs: new line is created from start point to end point
           report:    print    to    standard    output    {line_category    start_point_category
           end_point_category}
           nreport: print to standard output {point_category line_category[,line_category...]}
           turntable: create turntable on vector network

       arc_layer=string
           Arc layer
           Vector features can have category values in different layers. This  number  determines
           which layer to use. When used with direct OGR access this is the layer name.
           Default: 1

       arc_type=string[,string,...]
           Arc type
           Input feature type
           Options: line, boundary
           Default: line,boundary

       node_layer=string
           Node layer
           Vector  features  can have category values in different layers. This number determines
           which layer to use. When used with direct OGR access this is the layer name.
           Default: 2

       threshold=float
           Threshold
           Required for operation ’connect’. Connect points in given threshold.

       file=name
           Name of input file
           Required for operation ’arcs’ (’-’ for standard input)

       turn_layer=string
           Turntable layer
           Layer where turntable will be attached. Format: layer number[/layer name].Required for
           operation ’turntable’.
           Default: 3

       turn_cat_layer=string
           Layer with unique categories used in turntable
           Layer with unique categories for every line in arc_layer and point on every node.  The
           categories are used in turntable. Format:  layer  number[/layer  name].  Required  for
           operation ’turntable’.
           Default: 4

DESCRIPTION

       v.net  is used for network preparation and maintenance. Its main use is to create a vector
       network from vector lines (arcs ) and points (nodes) by creating nodes from  intersections
       in  a  map of vector lines (node operator), by connecting a vector lines map with a points
       map (connect operator), and by creating new lines between pairs  of  vector  points  (arcs
       operator).

       A  GIS  network consists of topologically correct lines (arcs). That is, the lines must be
       connected by shared vertices where real connections exist.  In GRASS GIS you also can  add
       nodes  to  the network. These are specially designated vertices used for analyzing network
       properties or computing cost/distance measures. That is, not all vertices are  treated  as
       nodes  by default. Only v.net.path can use a network without nodes, they are required  for
       all the other network modules.  In GRASS, network  arcs  are  stored  in  one  data  layer
       (normally layer 1) and nodes are stored in a different data layer (normally layer 2).

       v.net  offers  two  ways to add nodes to a network of arcs and one method to add arcs to a
       set of nodes:

       1      Use the connect operation to create nodes from a vector points file and  add  these
              nodes  to  an  existing  vector  network  of arcs (i.e., lines/boundaries). This is
              useful when the goal is to analyze a set  of  places  (points)  in  relation  to  a
              network--for  example  travel  costs  between places. Only points within the thresh
              (threshold) distance to a line/boundary will be connected as network  nodes.  There
              are  two  ways to connect nodes. By default, v.net will create new lines connecting
              each point to the closest line of the network. If you use the -s flag, however, the
              new  nodes will be added on the closest line of the network at the point closest to
              the point you wish to add. When using the connect operation, some lines will  share
              the  same category. In order to assign unique costs to each line, a new layer needs
              to be created with
              v.category input=yourmap option=add cat=1 step=1 layer=3 output=newmap
              followed by
              v.db.addtable map=newmap layer=3 table=tablename.

       2      Create nodes and arcs from a vector line/boundary file using  the  node  operation.
              This  is useful if you are mostly interested in the network itself and thus you can
              use intersections of the network as start and end points. Nodes will be created  at
              all  intersections  of  two  or  more  lines.  For  an arc that consists of several
              segments connected by vertices (the typical case), only  the  starting  and  ending
              vertices are treated as network nodes.

       3      Create  straight-line  arcs  between  pairs  of  nodes  with  the arcs option. This
              produces networks like those of  airline  flights  between  airports.  It  is  also
              similar  to  the kind of network created with social networking software, making it
              possible to create georeferenced social networks.

       While the arcs created with v.net will retain any attribute  information  associated  with
       the  input  vector  line/boundary  file  in data layer 1, nodes created and stored in data
       layer 2 will not have any associated attribute information.

       For nodes created using the connect and arcs operations (methods 1 and 3 above), the nodes
       can  be  reconnected  to  the  attribute  table  of the input vector points file using the
       attribute table manager ("manage layers" tab) or by running v.db.connect.

       For nodes created using the nodes operation (method 2 above), it is possible to create  an
       attribute table for the new nodes in layer 2 using the attribute table manager and connect
       it to layer 2 ("manage layers" tab) or to create a table with v.db.addtable, connect it to
       layer 2 with v.db.connect, and update the new table with cat values with v.to.db.

       The  turntable  operation  creates  a  turntable with the costs for every possible turn on
       every possible node (intersection, crossroad) in given  layer  (arc_layer).   U-turns  are
       taken  in  account  too.  Turntable is created in turn_layer and turn_cat_layer.  Building
       the turntable allows you to model e.g. traffic code, where some turns may  be  prohibited.
       If  features in analyzed network are changed, the turntable must be created again (e.g. it
       includes v.net connect operation).  Turntable name consists of output vector  map  name  +
       "_turntable_"  + "t" + "_" + turn_layer + "_" + "tuc" + "_" + turn_cat_layer + "_" + "a" +
       "_" + arc_layer  e. g. roads_turntable_t_3_tuc_4_a_1

       These modules are able to work with the  turntable:  v.net.alloc,  v.net.iso,  v.net.path,
       v.net.salesman  For  more  information about turns in the vector network analyses see wiki
       page.

       Once a vector network has been created, it can be analyzed in a number  of  powerful  ways
       using the suite of v.net.* modules.  The shortest route between two nodes, following arcs,
       can be computed (v.net.path), as can the shortest route that will pass through  a  set  of
       nodes  and  return  to  the starting node (v.net.salesman).  Least cost routes through the
       network can be calculated on the basis of distance  only  or  on  the  basis  of  distance
       weighted  by  an  attribute  associated  with  each arc (for example, travel speed along a
       network segment).  A network can be divided into concentric zones  of  equal  travel  cost
       around  one  or  more nodes (v.net.iso) or subdivided so that each node is surrounded by a
       zone in which all arcs can be reached with the same travel costs as all  arcs  surrounding
       each  other node (v.net.alloc).  In addition to the modules listed above, the GRASS vector
       networking suite includes numerous  other  modules  for  analysis  of  network  costs  and
       connectivity.    These    include:    v.net.allpairs,    v.net.bridge,   v.net.centrality,
       v.net.components,   v.net.distance,   v.net.flow,    v.net.spanningtree,    v.net.steiner,
       v.net.timetable, and v.net.visibility.

NOTES

       For  a  vector  map  prepared  for network analysis in GRASS, nodes are represented by the
       grass-internal geometry type node and arcs by the geometry type line.  If  vector  editing
       is  required to modify the graph, g.gui.vdigit or v.edit can be used.  See also the Linear
       Referencing System available in GRASS GIS.

EXAMPLES

       The examples are North Carolina dataset based.

   Create nodes globally for all line ends and intersections
       v.net input=streets_wake output=streets_node operation=nodes
       # verify result
       v.category streets_node option=report

   Merge in nodes from a separate map within given threshold
       v.net input=streets_wake points=firestations out=streets_net \
             operation=connect threshold=500
       # verify result
       v.category streets_net option=report
       The nodes are stored in layer 2 unless node_layer=1 is used.

   Generating network for vector point map
       For generating network for given vector point map an input file in the following format is
       required:
       [category of edge] [category of start node] [category of end node]

       Option 1: Save the file (e.g. "points.txt") and generate the map:
       v.net points=geodetic_swwake_pts output=geodetic_swwake_pts_net \
             operation=arcs file=points.txt
       # verify result
       v.category geodetic_swwake_pts_net option=report

       Option 2: Read in from command line:
       v.net points=geodetic_swwake_pts output=geodetic_swwake_pts_net \
             operation=arcs file=- << EOF
       1 28000 28005
       2 27945 27958
       3 27886 27897
       EOF
       # verify result
       v.category geodetic_swwake_pts_net option=report

   Generating network with turntable for vector point map
       Following example generates a vector map with turntable:
       v.net operation=turntable in=railroads out=railroads_ttb

SEE ALSO

        g.gui.vdigit, v.edit

           v.net.alloc,   v.net.allpairs,   v.net.bridge,   v.net.centrality,   v.net.components,
       v.net.connectivity,  v.net.distance,  v.net.flow,  v.net.iso,  v.net.path,  v.net.salesman
       v.net.spanningtree, v.net.steiner, v.net.timetable, v.net.visibility

AUTHORS

       Radim Blazek, ITC-irst, Trento, Italy
       Martin  Landa,  FBK-irst  (formerly  ITC-irst),  Trento,  Italy  and  CTU in Prague, Czech
       Republic (operation ’connect’ and ’arcs’)
       Markus Metz: important fixes and improvements

   TURNS SUPPORT
       The turns support was implemnented as part of  GRASS  GIS  turns  cost  project  at  Czech
       Technical  University  in  Prague,  Czech Republic.  Eliska Kyzlikova, Stepan Turek, Lukas
       Bocan and Viera  Bejdova  participated  at  the  project.   Implementation:  Stepan  Turek
       Documentation: Lukas Bocan Mentor: Martin Landa

SOURCE CODE

       Available at: v.net source code (history)

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       © 2003-2019 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.8.2 Reference Manual