Provided by: ifupdown_0.8.35ubuntu1_amd64 bug

NAME

       /etc/network/interfaces - network interface configuration for ifup and ifdown

DESCRIPTION

       /etc/network/interfaces  contains  network  interface  configuration  information  for the
       ifup(8) and ifdown(8) commands.  This is where you configure how your system is  connected
       to the network.

EXAMPLE

       The  following  example configures two network interfaces: eth0 is brought up at boot, and
       uses DHCP for IPv4 and SLAAC for IPv6, whereas eth1 is brought  up  whenever  the  network
       hardware is detected, and is configured with static IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

       auto eth0
       allow-hotplug eth1

       iface eth0 inet dhcp

       iface eth0 inet6 auto

       iface eth1 inet static
            address 192.168.1.2/24
            gateway 192.168.1.1

       iface eth1 inet6 static
            address fec0:0:0:1::2/64
            gateway fec0:0:0:1::1

FILE FORMAT

       Lines  starting  with  `#'  are ignored. Note that end-of-line comments are NOT supported,
       comments must be on a line of their own.

       A line may be extended across multiple lines by making the last character a backslash.

       The file consists of zero or more "iface", "mapping", "auto", "allow-", "rename", "source"
       and  "source-directory"  stanzas.  These will be described in more detail in the following
       sections.

INTERFACE SELECTION

       Lines beginning with the word "auto" are used to identify the physical  interfaces  to  be
       brought  up  when ifup is run with the -a option.  (This option is also used by the system
       boot scripts, so interfaces  marked  "auto"  are  brought  up  at  boot  time.)   Physical
       interface  names  should  follow  the word "auto" on the same line.  There can be multiple
       "auto" stanzas.  ifup brings the named interfaces up in the order listed.

       Lines beginning with "allow-" are used to identify interfaces that should  be  brought  up
       automatically  by  various  subsystems.  This  may  be  done using a command such as "ifup
       --allow=hotplug eth0 eth1", which will only bring up eth0 or eth1 if it is  listed  in  an
       "allow-hotplug"  line. Note that "allow-auto" and "auto" are synonyms.  (Interfaces marked
       "allow-hotplug" are brought up when udev detects them.  This can either be during boot  if
       the  interface  is already present, or at a later time, for example when plugging in a USB
       network card.  Please note that this does not have anything to do with detecting a network
       cable being plugged in.)

       Lines  beginning  with  "no-auto-down"  are used to identify interfaces that should not be
       brought down by the command "ifdown -a". Its main use is  to  prevent  an  interface  from
       being  brought  down  during system shutdown time, for example if the root filesystem is a
       network filesystem and the interface should stay up until the very end. Note that you  can
       still bring down the interface by specifying the interface name explicitly.

       Lines  beginning  with  "no-scripts"  are used to identify interfaces for which scripts in
       /etc/network/if-*.d/ should not be run when those interfaces are brought up or  down.   he
       above  will  match  eth0 and eth1, and will bring up both interfaces using the "iface eth"
       stanza.

INTERFACE RENAMING

       Lines beginning with "rename" are used  to  rename  interfaces.   It  takes  one  or  more
       arguments  in  the  form of "CUR=NEW", where CUR is the name of an existing interface, and
       NEW is the new name.  This becomes very powerful when combined with pattern  matching  for
       the CUR interface.

       Interfaces  are  renamed  whenever  "ifup"  is  called.  Renaming logically happens before
       anything else is done.  So if an interface is started with the name "foo", and it  has  to
       be  renamed  to  "bar"  and  brought  up  at  boot time, then one should use the following
       /etc/network/interfaces file:

       rename foo=bar
       auto bar
       iface bar ...

       However, if the interface is not renamed yet, it is possible to use both  "ifup  foo"  and
       "ifup  bar".  The former command will then automatically be converted to the latter.  This
       is mainly useful when ifup is called automatically whenever an interface is hotplugged.

       Interface renaming only works if the operating system supports it, if an interface is  not
       renamed  to  another  existing interface, and may require that the interface that is to be
       renamed has not been brought up yet.  If ifup tries to rename an interface and  it  fails,
       it will exit with an error.

INCLUDING OTHER FILES

       Lines  beginning  with  "source"  are  used  to  include  stanzas  from  other  files,  so
       configuration can be split into many files. The word "source" is followed by the  path  of
       file to be sourced. Shell wildcards can be used.  (See wordexp(3) for details.)

       Similarly,  "source-directory"  keyword  is used to source multiple files at once, without
       specifying them individually or using shell globs. Additionally,  when  "source-directory"
       is  used,  names  of  the  files  are  checked  to match the following regular expression:
       ^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$. In other words, the names must consist  entirely  of  ASCII  upper-  and
       lower-case  letters,  ASCII  digits,  ASCII  underscores,  and ASCII minus-hyphens. In the
       directory path, shell wildcards may be used as well.

       When sourcing files or  directories,  if  a  path  doesn't  have  a  leading  slash,  it's
       considered  relative  to the directory containing the file in which the keyword is placed.
       In the example above, if the file is located  at  /etc/network/interfaces,  paths  to  the
       included files are understood to be under /etc/network.

       By  default,  on a freshly installed Debian system, the interfaces file includes a line to
       source files in the /etc/network/interfaces.d directory.

MAPPINGS

       Stanzas beginning with the word "mapping" are used to determine how  a  logical  interface
       name  is  chosen  for  a physical interface that is to be brought up.  The first line of a
       mapping stanza consists of the word "mapping" followed by a pattern in shell glob  syntax.
       Each  mapping  stanza  must contain a script definition.  The named script is run with the
       physical interface name as its argument and with the contents of all following "map" lines
       (without the leading "map") in the stanza provided to it on its standard input. The script
       must   print   a    string    on    its    standard    output    before    exiting.    See
       /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for examples of what the script must print.

       Mapping a name consists of searching the remaining mapping patterns and running the script
       corresponding to the first match; the script outputs the name to  which  the  original  is
       mapped.

       ifup  is  normally given a physical interface name as its first non-option argument.  ifup
       also uses this name as the initial logical name for the interface unless it is accompanied
       by  a   suffix  of  the  form  =LOGICAL, in which case ifup chooses LOGICAL as the initial
       logical name for the interface.  It then maps this name, possibly more than once according
       to  successive  mapping  specifications,   until no further mappings are possible.  If the
       resulting name is the name of some defined logical interface then ifup attempts  to  bring
       up the physical interface as that logical interface.  Otherwise ifup exits with an error.

INTERFACE DEFINITIONS

       Stanzas  defining  logical  interfaces  start  with  a line consisting of the word "iface"
       followed by the name of the logical interface.  In simple configurations  without  mapping
       stanzas this name should simply be the name of the physical interface to which it is to be
       applied.  (The default mapping script is, in effect, the  echo  command.)   The  interface
       name  is followed by the name of the address family that the interface uses.  This will be
       "inet" for TCP/IP networking, but there is also some support for IPX  networking  ("ipx"),
       and IPv6 networking ("inet6").  Following that is the name of the method used to configure
       the interface.

       Additional options can be given on subsequent lines in  the  stanza.   Which  options  are
       available depends on the family and method, as described below.  Additional options can be
       made available by other Debian packages.  For example, the  wireless-tools  package  makes
       available a number of options prefixed with "wireless-" which can be used to configure the
       interface using iwconfig(8).  (See wireless(7) for details.)  A list of packages providing
       additional options is mentioned in the section "OPTIONS PROVIDED BY OTHER PACKAGE".

       Options are usually indented for clarity (as in the example above) but are not required to
       be.

       Multiple "iface" stanzas can be given for the same interface, in which  case  all  of  the
       configured  addresses and options for that interface will be applied when bringing up that
       interface.  This is useful to configure both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on the same interface
       (although  if no inet6 stanza is present, the kernel will normally still perform stateless
       address autoconfiguration if there is an IPv6 route advertisement daemon on the  network).
       It  can  also  be  used  to  configure  multiple  addresses  of  the same type on a single
       interface.

INTERFACE TEMPLATES

       It is possible to define interface definition templates and extend them using the inherits
       keyword:

       iface ethernet inet static
            mtu 1500
            hwaddress 11:22:33:44:55:66

       iface eth0 inet static inherits ethernet
            address 192.168.1.2/24

       This may be useful to separate link-level settings shared by multiple interfaces from, for
       example, IP address settings specific to every interface.

PATTERN MATCHING INTERFACES

       It is possible to use patterns to match one or more real interfaces.  These  patterns  can
       currently  appear  in  lines  beginning with "auto", "allow-", "rename" and on the command
       line.  A pattern has the following format (see below for exceptions for GNU/Hurd):

       [VARIABLE]/VALUE[/[OPTIONS]][=LOGICAL]

       If no VARIABLE is given, this pattern will match interface names against the given  VALUE.
       VALUE  can  contain  wildcard patterns such as ? and *, see the fnmatch(3) function.  When
       ifup or ifdown is run, patterns are replaces by all real  interfaces  that  are  currently
       known  to  the  operating  system  kernel and whose names match the pattern.  For example,
       given the following line:

       auto /eth*

       If the kernel knows about the interfaces with names lo, eth0 and eth1, then the above line
       is then interpreted as:

       auto eth0 eth1

       Note that there must still be valid "iface" stanzas for each matching interface.  However,
       it is possible to combine a pattern with a mapping to a logical interface, like so:

       auto /eth*=eth
       iface eth inet dhcp

       Valid variable names are "mac", in which case value is matched against the interface's MAC
       address.  On Linux, the variable name can also be any filename in /sys/class/net/<iface>/,
       in which case the value is matched against the contents of the corresponding file.

       The OPTIONS field currently only supports a number. If given, only the n-th interface that
       has a matching value will actually be used, where n is the number given, starting at 1. So
       /eth*/1 will match the first interface whose name starts with eth.

       On GNU/Hurd, interface names start with /dev/, and this obviously clashes with the  format
       for  patterns.   To  ensure an interface name like /dev/eth0 does not get interpreted as a
       pattern, any pattern that starts with /dev/ is  ignored,  and  instead  interpreted  as  a
       literal  interface  name.  To make a pattern that matches interface names on GNU/Hurd, use
       something like:

       auto /?dev?eth*=eth
       iface eth inet dhcp

VLAN INTERFACES

       To ease the configuration of VLAN interfaces, interfaces having .  (full  stop  character)
       in  the name are configured as 802.1q tagged virtual LAN interface. For example, interface
       eth0.1 is a virtual interface with VLAN ID 1 having eth0 as its parent interface.

       VLAN interfaces are mostly treated as independent interfaces.  As such, a  VLAN  interface
       is  normally  not  automatically  brought up when its parent interface is brought up.  The
       exception is when ifup is  called  with  the  --allow  option,  in  which  case  all  VLAN
       interfaces  that  are  in  the  same  allow  class  as the parent interface are brought up
       together with the parent interface.  For example:

       allow-hotplug eth0 eth0.1

       iface eth0 inet static
            address ...

       iface eth0.1 inet static
            address ...

       iface eth0.2 inet static
            address ...

       In the above example, when "ifup --allow hotplug  eth0"  is  called  (either  manually  or
       because  udev  triggers  this when a network device is hotplugged), the interface eth0 and
       the VLAN interface eth0.1 are brought up, but eth0.2 is not.

       Keep in mind that pattern matching will only match interfaces the kernel knows  about,  so
       it  is  not  possible  to  specify "auto /eth0.*" and have all VLAN interfaces for eth0 be
       brought up at boot time.  Another way to ensure  that  a  VLAN  interface  is  brought  up
       automatically when the parent interface is brought up, is to use a recursive call to ifup,
       like so:

       iface eth0 inet manual
            up ifup eth0.3

       iface eth0.3 inet static
            address ...

       Note that there is no need to add an explicit call to ifdown, since  VLAN  interfaces  are
       automatically brought down whenever their parent interfaces are brought down.

IFACE OPTIONS

       The  following "command" options are available for every family and method.  Each of these
       options can be given multiple times in a single stanza, in which  case  the  commands  are
       executed in the order in which they appear in the stanza.  (You can ensure a command never
       fails by suffixing them with "|| true".)

       pre-up command
              Run command before bringing the interface up.  If  this  command  fails  then  ifup
              aborts,  refraining  from  marking  the  interface  as  configured, prints an error
              message, and exits with status 0.  This behavior may change in the future.

       up command

       post-up command
              Run command after bringing the interface up.   If  this  command  fails  then  ifup
              aborts,  refraining  from  marking  the interface as configured (even though it has
              really been configured), prints an error message, and exits with  status  0.   This
              behavior may change in the future.

       down command

       pre-down command
              Run  command  before  taking the interface down.  If this command fails then ifdown
              aborts, marks the interface as deconfigured (even though it  has  not  really  been
              deconfigured), and exits with status 0.  This behavior may change in the future.

       post-down command
              Run  command  after  taking  the interface down.  If this command fails then ifdown
              aborts, marks the interface  as  deconfigured,  and  exits  with  status  0.   This
              behavior may change in the future.

       description name
              Alias interface by name

HOOK SCRIPTS

       There are four directories in which scripts can be placed which will always be run for any
       interface during certain phases of ifup and ifdown commands. These are:

       /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/
              Scripts in this directory are run before bringing the interface up.

       /etc/network/if-up.d/
              Scripts in this directory are run after bringing the interface up.

       /etc/network/if-down.d/
              Scripts in this directory are run before bringing the interface down.

       /etc/network/if-post-down.d/
              Scripts in this directory are run after bringing the interface down.

       The  scripts  in  which  are  run  (with  no  arguments)  using  run-parts(8)  after   the
       corresponding  pre-up,  up, down and post-down options in the /etc/network/interfaces file
       itself have been processed. Please note that as post-up and pre-down are aliases, no files
       in  the  corresponding  directories  are  processed.   Please  use  if-up.d  and if-down.d
       directories instead.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       All hook scripts, and the commands executed by pre-up, up,  post-up,  pre-down,  down  and
       post-down have access to the following environment variables:

       IFACE  The physical name of the interface being processed, or "--all" (see below).

       LOGICAL
              The logical name of the interface being processed, or "auto" (see below).

       ADDRFAM
              The address family of the interface, or "meta" (see below).

       METHOD The method of the interface (e.g., static), or "none" (see below).

       CLASS  The  class of interfaces being processed.  This is a copy of the value given to the
              --allow option when running ifup or ifdown, otherwise it is set to "auto" when  the
              --all option is used.

       CLASS  The  class of interfaces being processed.  This is a copy of the value given to the
              --allow option when running ifup or ifdown, otherwise it is set to "auto" when  the
              --all option is used.

       MODE   start if run from ifup, stop if run from ifdown.

       PHASE  As  per  MODE, but with finer granularity, distinguishing the pre-up, post-up, pre-
              down and post-down phases.

       VERBOSITY
              Indicates whether --verbose was used; set to 1 if so, 0 if not.

       PATH   The command search path:  /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:‐
              /bin

       Additionally,  all  options  given  in  an interface definition stanza are exported to the
       environment in upper case with "IF_" prepended and with hyphens converted  to  underscores
       and non-alphanumeric characters discarded.

       When  ifupdown is being called with the --all option, before doing anything to interfaces,
       it calls all the hook scripts (pre-up or down) with IFACE set to "--all", LOGICAL  set  to
       the  current  value  of  --allow parameter (or "auto" if it's not set), ADDRFAM="meta" and
       METHOD="none".  After all  the  interfaces  have  been  brought  up  or  taken  down,  the
       appropriate scripts (up or post-down) are executed.

CONCURRENCY AND PARALLEL EXECUTION

       Ifupdown uses per-interface locking to ensure that concurrent ifup and ifdown calls to the
       same interface are run in serial.  However, calls to different interfaces will be able  to
       run in parallel.  It is therefore important that any hook scripts and pre-up, up, down and
       post-down commands are written with the possibility of parallel execution in mind.

       It is allowed to recursively  call  ifup  and  ifdown  from  hook  scripts  and  interface
       commands,  as  long  as  these  calls  refer to a different interface than the one that is
       already being (de)configured.  Loops are detected and will  result  in  the  call  failing
       instead of a deadlock, although it is best if one does not rely on that.

OPTIONS PROVIDED BY OTHER PACKAGES

       This  manual  page  documents  the configuration options provided by the ifupdown package.
       However,   other   packages   can   make   other   options   available    for    use    in
       /etc/network/interfaces.  Here is a list of packages that provide such extensions:

       arping,  avahi-autoipd,  avahi-daemon, bind9, bridge-utils, clamav-freshclam, controlaula,
       epoptes-client, ethtool, guidedog, hostap-utils, hostapd,  htpdate,  ifenslave,  ifmetric,
       ifupdown-extra, ifupdown-multi, ifupdown-scripts-zg2, initscripts, isatapd, linux-wlan-ng,
       lprng, macchanger, miredo, nslcd, ntpdate, openntpd, openresolv, openssh-server,  openvpn,
       openvswitch-switch,  postfix,  resolvconf,  sendmail-base, shorewall-init, slrn, slrnpull,
       tinc,  ucarp,  uml-utilities,  uruk,  vde2,  vlan,  vzctl,  whereami,  wide-dhcpv6-client,
       wireless-tools, wpasupplicant.

       Please  consult  the documentation of those packages for information about how they extend
       ifupdown.

INET ADDRESS FAMILY

       This section documents the methods available in the inet address family.

   The loopback Method
       This method may be used to define the IPv4 loopback interface.

       Options

              (No options)

   The static Method
       This method may be used to define  Ethernet  interfaces  with  statically  allocated  IPv4
       addresses.

       Options

              address address
                     Address (dotted quad/netmask) required

              netmask mask
                     Netmask (dotted quad or number of bits) deprecated

              broadcast broadcast_address
                     Broadcast address (dotted quad, + or -) deprecated. Default value: "+"

              metric metric
                     Routing metric for default gateway (integer)

              gateway address
                     Default gateway (dotted quad)

              pointopoint address
                     Address of other end point (dotted quad). Note the spelling of "point-to".

              hwaddress address
                     Link local address or "random".

              mtu size
                     MTU size

              scope  Address validity scope. Possible values: global, link, host

   The manual Method
       This  method  may  be  used  to  define  interfaces  for which no configuration is done by
       default. Such interfaces can be configured manually by means of up and  down  commands  or
       /etc/network/if-*.d scripts.

       Options

              hwaddress address
                     Link local address or "random".

              mtu size
                     MTU size

   The dhcp Method
       This  method  may  be  used to obtain an address via DHCP with any of the tools: dhclient,
       pump, udhcpc, dhcpcd. (They have been listed in their order of precedence.) If you have  a
       complicated  DHCP  setup  you  should  note  that  some  of  these  clients  use their own
       configuration files and do not obtain their configuration information via ifup.

       Options

              hostname hostname
                     Hostname to be requested (pump, dhcpcd, udhcpc)

              metric metric
                     Metric for added routes (dhclient)

              leasehours leasehours
                     Preferred lease time in hours (pump)

              leasetime leasetime
                     Preferred lease time in seconds (dhcpcd)

              vendor vendor
                     Vendor class identifier (dhcpcd)

              client client
                     Client identifier (dhcpcd)

              hwaddress address
                     Hardware address.

   The bootp Method
       This method may be used to obtain an address via bootp.

       Options

              bootfile file
                     Tell the server to use file as the bootfile.

              server address
                     Use the IP address address to communicate with the server.

              hwaddr addr
                     Use addr as the hardware address instead of whatever it really is.

   The tunnel Method
       This method is used to create GRE or IPIP tunnels. You need to have the ip binary from the
       iproute  package.  For  GRE  tunnels, you will need to load the ip_gre module and the ipip
       module for IPIP tunnels.

       Options

              address address
                     Local address (dotted quad) required

              mode type
                     Tunnel type (either GRE or IPIP) required

              endpoint address
                     Address of other tunnel endpoint required

              dstaddr address
                     Remote address (remote address inside tunnel)

              local address
                     Address of the local endpoint

              metric metric
                     Routing metric for default gateway (integer)

              gateway address
                     Default gateway

              ttl time
                     TTL setting

              mtu size
                     MTU size

   The ppp Method
       This method uses pon/poff to configure a PPP interface. See those commands for details.

       Options

              provider name
                     Use name as the provider (from /etc/ppp/peers).

              unit number
                     Use number as the ppp unit number.

              options string
                     Pass string as additional options to pon.

   The wvdial Method
       This method uses wvdial to configure a PPP interface. See that command for more details.

       Options

              provider name
                     Use name as the provider (from /etc/wvdial.conf).

   The ipv4ll Method
       This method uses avahi-autoipd to configure an interface with an IPv4  Link-Layer  address
       (169.254.0.0/16  family).  This  method  is  also  known  as  APIPA  or  IPAC,  and  often
       colloquially referred to as "Zeroconf address".

       Options

              (No options)

IPX ADDRESS FAMILY

       This section documents the methods available in the ipx address family.

   The static Method
       This method may be used to setup an IPX interface. It requires the ipx_interface command.

       Options

              frame type
                     type of Ethernet frames to use (e.g. 802.2)

              netnum id
                     Network number

   The dynamic Method
       This method may be used to setup an IPX interface dynamically.

       Options

              frame type
                     type of Ethernet frames to use (e.g. 802.2)

INET6 ADDRESS FAMILY

       This section documents the methods available in the inet6 address family.

   The auto Method
       This method may be used to define interfaces with automatically assigned  IPv6  addresses.
       Using this method on its own doesn't mean that RDNSS options will be applied, too. To make
       this happen, rdnssd  daemon  must  be  installed,  properly  configured  and  running.  If
       stateless  DHCPv6  support  is turned on, then additional network configuration parameters
       such as DNS and NTP servers will be retrieved from a DHCP  server.  Please  note  that  on
       ifdown, the lease is not currently released (a known bug).

       Options

              privext int
                     Privacy extensions (RFC4941) (0=off, 1=assign, 2=prefer)

              accept_ra int
                     Accept  router advertisements (0=off, 1=on, 2=on+forwarding). Default value:
                     "2"

              dhcp int
                     Use stateless DHCPv6 (0=off, 1=on)

              request_prefix int
                     Request a prefix through DHCPv6 Prefix  Delegation  (0=off,  1=on).  Default
                     value: "0"

              ll-attempts
                     Number of attempts to wait for a link-local address. Default value: "60"

              ll-interval
                     Link-local address polling interval in seconds. Default value: "0.1"

   The loopback Method
       This method may be used to define the IPv6 loopback interface.

       Options

              (No options)

   The static Method
       This  method  may be used to define interfaces with statically assigned IPv6 addresses. By
       default, stateless autoconfiguration is disabled for this interface.

       Options

              address address
                     Address (colon delimited/netmask) required

              netmask mask
                     Netmask (number of bits, eg 64) deprecated

              metric metric
                     Routing metric for default gateway (integer)

              gateway address
                     Default gateway (colon delimited)

              media type
                     Medium type, driver dependent

              hwaddress address
                     Hardware address or "random"

              mtu size
                     MTU size

              accept_ra int
                     Accept router advertisements (0=off, 1=on, 2=on+forwarding)

              autoconf int
                     Perform stateless autoconfiguration (0=off, 1=on). Default value: "0"

              privext int
                     Privacy extensions (RFC3041) (0=off, 1=assign, 2=prefer)

              scope  Address validity scope. Possible values: global, site, link, host

              preferred-lifetime int
                     Time that address remains preferred

              dad-attempts
                     Number of attempts to settle DAD (0 to disable DAD). Default value: "60"

              dad-interval
                     DAD state polling interval in seconds. Default value: "0.1"

   The manual Method
       This method may be used to define  interfaces  for  which  no  configuration  is  done  by
       default.  Such  interfaces  can be configured manually by means of up and down commands or
       /etc/network/if-*.d scripts.

       Options

              hwaddress address
                     Hardware address or "random"

              mtu size
                     MTU size

   The dhcp Method
       This method may be used to obtain network interface configuration via stateful DHCPv6 with
       dhclient.  In  stateful  DHCPv6, the DHCP server is responsible for assigning addresses to
       clients.

       Options

              hwaddress address
                     Hardware address or "random"

              accept_ra int
                     Accept router advertisements (0=off, 1=on, 2=on+forwarding). Default  value:
                     "1"

              autoconf int
                     Perform stateless autoconfiguration (0=off, 1=on)

              request_prefix int
                     Request  a  prefix  through  DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation (0=off, 1=on). Default
                     value: "0"

              ll-attempts
                     Number of attempts to wait for a link-local address. Default value: "60"

              ll-interval
                     Link-local address polling interval in seconds. Default value: "0.1"

   The v4tunnel Method
       This method may be used to setup an IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnel. It requires the ip command from
       the iproute package.

       Options

              address address
                     Address (colon delimited/netmask) required

              netmask mask
                     Netmask (number of bits, eg 64) deprecated

              endpoint address
                     Address of other tunnel endpoint (IPv4 dotted quad) required

              local address
                     Address of the local endpoint (IPv4 dotted quad)

              metric metric
                     Routing metric for default gateway (integer)

              gateway address
                     Default gateway (colon delimited)

              ttl time
                     TTL setting

              mtu size
                     MTU size

              preferred-lifetime int
                     Time that address remains preferred

   The 6to4 Method
       This  method  may  be  used  to  setup an 6to4 tunnel. It requires the ip command from the
       iproute package.

       Options

              local address
                     Address of the local endpoint (IPv4 dotted quad) required

              metric metric
                     Routing metric for default gateway (integer)

              ttl time
                     TTL setting

              mtu size
                     MTU size

              preferred-lifetime int
                     Time that address remains preferred

CAN ADDRESS FAMILY

       This section documents the methods available in the can address family.

   The static Method
       This method may be used to setup an Controller Area Network (CAN) interface.  It  requires
       the the ip command from the iproute package.

       Options

              bitrate bitrate
                     bitrate (1..1000000) required

              samplepoint samplepoint
                     sample point (0.000..0.999)

              loopback loopback
                     loop back CAN Messages (on|off)

              listenonly listenonly
                     listen only mode (on|off)

              triple triple
                     activate triple sampling (on|off)

              oneshot oneshot
                     one shot mode (on|off)

              berr berr
                     activate berr reporting (on|off)

KNOWN BUGS/LIMITATIONS

       The  ifup and ifdown programs work with so-called "physical" interface names.  These names
       are assigned to hardware by the kernel.  Unfortunately  it  can  happen  that  the  kernel
       assigns  different  physical  interface names to the same hardware at different times; for
       example, what was called "eth0" last time you booted is now called "eth1" and vice  versa.
       This  creates  a  problem if you want to configure the interfaces appropriately.  A way to
       deal with this problem is to use mapping  scripts  that  choose  logical  interface  names
       according  to the properties of the interface hardware.  See the get-mac-address.sh script
       in the examples directory for an example of such a mapping script.  See  also  Debian  bug
       #101728.

AUTHOR

       The  ifupdown  suite  was written by Anthony Towns <aj@azure.humbug.org.au>.  This manpage
       was contributed by Joey Hess <joey@kitenet.net>.

SEE ALSO

       ifup(8), ip(8), ifconfig(8), run-parts(8), resolvconf(8).

       For advice on configuring this package read  the  Network  Configuration  chapter  of  the
       Debian    Reference   manual,   available   at   http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-
       reference/ch05.en.html or in the debian-reference-en package.

       Examples    of    how     to     set     up     interfaces     can     be     found     in
       /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples/network-interfaces.gz.