Provided by: systemd_245.4-4ubuntu3.24_amd64 
NAME
systemd.timer - Timer unit configuration
SYNOPSIS
timer.timer
DESCRIPTION
A unit configuration file whose name ends in ".timer" encodes information about a timer
controlled and supervised by systemd, for timer-based activation.
This man page lists the configuration options specific to this unit type. See
systemd.unit(5) for the common options of all unit configuration files. The common
configuration items are configured in the generic "[Unit]" and "[Install]" sections. The
timer specific configuration options are configured in the "[Timer]" section.
For each timer file, a matching unit file must exist, describing the unit to activate when
the timer elapses. By default, a service by the same name as the timer (except for the
suffix) is activated. Example: a timer file foo.timer activates a matching service
foo.service. The unit to activate may be controlled by Unit= (see below).
Note that in case the unit to activate is already active at the time the timer elapses it
is not restarted, but simply left running. There is no concept of spawning new service
instances in this case. Due to this, services with RemainAfterExit= set (which stay around
continuously even after the service's main process exited) are usually not suitable for
activation via repetitive timers, as they will only be activated once, and then stay
around forever.
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENCIES
Implicit Dependencies
The following dependencies are implicitly added:
• Timer units automatically gain a Before= dependency on the service they are supposed
to activate.
Default Dependencies
The following dependencies are added unless DefaultDependencies=no is set:
• Timer units will automatically have dependencies of type Requires= and After= on
sysinit.target, a dependency of type Before= on timers.target, as well as Conflicts=
and Before= on shutdown.target to ensure that they are stopped cleanly prior to system
shutdown. Only timer units involved with early boot or late system shutdown should
disable the DefaultDependencies= option.
• Timer units with at least one OnCalendar= directive will have an additional After=
dependency on time-sync.target to avoid being started before the system clock has been
correctly set.
OPTIONS
Timer files must include a [Timer] section, which carries information about the timer it
defines. The options specific to the [Timer] section of timer units are the following:
OnActiveSec=, OnBootSec=, OnStartupSec=, OnUnitActiveSec=, OnUnitInactiveSec=
Defines monotonic timers relative to different starting points:
Table 1. Settings and their starting points
┌───────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
│Setting │ Meaning │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnActiveSec= │ Defines a timer relative to the │
│ │ moment the timer unit itself is │
│ │ activated. │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnBootSec= │ Defines a timer relative to when │
│ │ the machine was booted up. In │
│ │ containers, for the system │
│ │ manager instance, this is mapped │
│ │ to OnStartupSec=, making both │
│ │ equivalent. │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnStartupSec= │ Defines a timer relative to when │
│ │ the service manager was first │
│ │ started. For system timer units │
│ │ this is very similar to │
│ │ OnBootSec= as the system service │
│ │ manager is generally started │
│ │ very early at boot. It's │
│ │ primarily useful when configured │
│ │ in units running in the per-user │
│ │ service manager, as the user │
│ │ service manager is generally │
│ │ started on first login only, not │
│ │ already during boot. │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnUnitActiveSec= │ Defines a timer relative to when │
│ │ the unit the timer unit is │
│ │ activating was last activated. │
├───────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
│OnUnitInactiveSec= │ Defines a timer relative to when │
│ │ the unit the timer unit is │
│ │ activating was last deactivated. │
└───────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
Multiple directives may be combined of the same and of different types, in which case
the timer unit will trigger whenever any of the specified timer expressions elapse.
For example, by combining OnBootSec= and OnUnitActiveSec=, it is possible to define a
timer that elapses in regular intervals and activates a specific service each time.
Moreover, both monotonic time expressions and OnCalendar= calendar expressions may be
combined in the same timer unit.
The arguments to the directives are time spans configured in seconds. Example:
"OnBootSec=50" means 50s after boot-up. The argument may also include time units.
Example: "OnBootSec=5h 30min" means 5 hours and 30 minutes after boot-up. For details
about the syntax of time spans, see systemd.time(7).
If a timer configured with OnBootSec= or OnStartupSec= is already in the past when the
timer unit is activated, it will immediately elapse and the configured unit is
started. This is not the case for timers defined in the other directives.
These are monotonic timers, independent of wall-clock time and timezones. If the
computer is temporarily suspended, the monotonic clock generally pauses, too. Note
that if WakeSystem= is used, a different monotonic clock is selected that continues to
advance while the system is suspended and thus can be used as the trigger to resume
the system.
If the empty string is assigned to any of these options, the list of timers is reset
(both monotonic timers and OnCalendar= timers, see below), and all prior assignments
will have no effect.
Note that timers do not necessarily expire at the precise time configured with these
settings, as they are subject to the AccuracySec= setting below.
OnCalendar=
Defines realtime (i.e. wallclock) timers with calendar event expressions. See
systemd.time(7) for more information on the syntax of calendar event expressions.
Otherwise, the semantics are similar to OnActiveSec= and related settings.
Note that timers do not necessarily expire at the precise time configured with this
setting, as it is subject to the AccuracySec= setting below.
May be specified more than once, in which case the timer unit will trigger whenever
any of the specified expressions elapse. Moreover calendar timers and monotonic timers
(see above) may be combined within the same timer unit.
If the empty string is assigned to any of these options, the list of timers is reset
(both OnCalendar= timers and monotonic timers, see above), and all prior assignments
will have no effect.
AccuracySec=
Specify the accuracy the timer shall elapse with. Defaults to 1min. The timer is
scheduled to elapse within a time window starting with the time specified in
OnCalendar=, OnActiveSec=, OnBootSec=, OnStartupSec=, OnUnitActiveSec= or
OnUnitInactiveSec= and ending the time configured with AccuracySec= later. Within this
time window, the expiry time will be placed at a host-specific, randomized, but stable
position that is synchronized between all local timer units. This is done in order to
optimize power consumption to suppress unnecessary CPU wake-ups. To get best accuracy,
set this option to 1us. Note that the timer is still subject to the timer slack
configured via systemd-system.conf(5)'s TimerSlackNSec= setting. See prctl(2) for
details. To optimize power consumption, make sure to set this value as high as
possible and as low as necessary.
Note that this setting is primarily a power saving option that allows coalescing CPU
wake-ups. It should not be confused with RandomizedDelaySec= (see below) which adds a
random value to the time the timer shall elapse next and whose purpose is the
opposite: to stretch elapsing of timer events over a longer period to reduce workload
spikes. For further details and explanations and how both settings play together, see
below.
RandomizedDelaySec=
Delay the timer by a randomly selected, evenly distributed amount of time between 0
and the specified time value. Defaults to 0, indicating that no randomized delay shall
be applied. Each timer unit will determine this delay randomly before each iteration,
and the delay will simply be added on top of the next determined elapsing time. This
is useful to stretch dispatching of similarly configured timer events over a certain
amount time, to avoid that they all fire at the same time, possibly resulting in
resource congestion. Note the relation to AccuracySec= above: the latter allows the
service manager to coalesce timer events within a specified time range in order to
minimize wakeups, the former does the opposite: it stretches timer events over a time
range, to make it unlikely that they fire simultaneously. If RandomizedDelaySec= and
AccuracySec= are used in conjunction, first the randomized delay is added, and then
the result is possibly further shifted to coalesce it with other timer events
happening on the system. As mentioned above AccuracySec= defaults to 1min and
RandomizedDelaySec= to 0, thus encouraging coalescing of timer events. In order to
optimally stretch timer events over a certain range of time, make sure to set
RandomizedDelaySec= to a higher value, and AccuracySec=1us.
OnClockChange=, OnTimezoneChange=
These options take boolean arguments. When true, the service unit will be triggered
when the system clock (CLOCK_REALTIME) jumps relative to the monotonic clock
(CLOCK_MONOTONIC), or when the local system timezone is modified. These options can be
used alone or in combination with other timer expressions (see above) within the same
timer unit. These options default to false.
Unit=
The unit to activate when this timer elapses. The argument is a unit name, whose
suffix is not ".timer". If not specified, this value defaults to a service that has
the same name as the timer unit, except for the suffix. (See above.) It is recommended
that the unit name that is activated and the unit name of the timer unit are named
identically, except for the suffix.
Persistent=
Takes a boolean argument. If true, the time when the service unit was last triggered
is stored on disk. When the timer is activated, the service unit is triggered
immediately if it would have been triggered at least once during the time when the
timer was inactive. This is useful to catch up on missed runs of the service when the
system was powered down. Note that this setting only has an effect on timers
configured with OnCalendar=. Defaults to false.
Use systemctl clean --what=state ... on the timer unit to remove the timestamp file
maintained by this option from disk. In particular, use this command before
uninstalling a timer unit. See systemctl(1) for details.
WakeSystem=
Takes a boolean argument. If true, an elapsing timer will cause the system to resume
from suspend, should it be suspended and if the system supports this. Note that this
option will only make sure the system resumes on the appropriate times, it will not
take care of suspending it again after any work that is to be done is finished.
Defaults to false.
Note that this functionality requires privileges and is thus generally only available
in the system service manager.
Note that behaviour of monotonic clock timers (as configured with OnActiveSec=,
OnBootSec=, OnStartupSec=, OnUnitActiveSec=, OnUnitInactiveSec=, see above) is altered
depending on this option. If false, a monotonic clock is used that is paused during
system suspend (CLOCK_MONOTONIC), if true a different monotonic clock is used that
continues advancing during system suspend (CLOCK_BOOTTIME), see clock_getres(2) for
details.
RemainAfterElapse=
Takes a boolean argument. If true, an elapsed timer will stay loaded, and its state
remains queryable. If false, an elapsed timer unit that cannot elapse anymore is
unloaded. Turning this off is particularly useful for transient timer units that shall
disappear after they first elapse. Note that this setting has an effect on repeatedly
starting a timer unit that only elapses once: if RemainAfterElapse= is on, it will not
be started again, and is guaranteed to elapse only once. However, if
RemainAfterElapse= is off, it might be started again if it is already elapsed, and
thus be triggered multiple times. Defaults to yes.
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemctl(1), systemd.unit(5), systemd.service(5), systemd.time(7),
systemd.directives(7), systemd-system.conf(5), prctl(2)