Provided by: cmake-data_3.16.3-1ubuntu1.20.04.1_all bug

NAME

       cmake-buildsystem - CMake Buildsystem Reference

INTRODUCTION

       A  CMake-based  buildsystem  is  organized  as  a set of high-level logical targets.  Each
       target corresponds to an executable or library, or is a custom  target  containing  custom
       commands.   Dependencies between the targets are expressed in the buildsystem to determine
       the build order and the rules for regeneration in response to change.

BINARY TARGETS

       Executables and  libraries  are  defined  using  the  add_executable()  and  add_library()
       commands.   The  resulting binary files have appropriate PREFIX, SUFFIX and extensions for
       the platform targeted.  Dependencies  between  binary  targets  are  expressed  using  the
       target_link_libraries() command:

          add_library(archive archive.cpp zip.cpp lzma.cpp)
          add_executable(zipapp zipapp.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(zipapp archive)

       archive  is  defined  as  a  STATIC  library – an archive containing objects compiled from
       archive.cpp, zip.cpp, and  lzma.cpp.   zipapp  is  defined  as  an  executable  formed  by
       compiling  and linking zipapp.cpp.  When linking the zipapp executable, the archive static
       library is linked in.

   Binary Executables
       The add_executable() command defines an executable target:

          add_executable(mytool mytool.cpp)

       Commands such as add_custom_command(), which generates rules to be run at build  time  can
       transparently  use  an  EXECUTABLE  target as a COMMAND executable.  The buildsystem rules
       will ensure that the executable is built before attempting to run the command.

   Binary Library Types
   Normal Libraries
       By default, the  add_library()  command  defines  a  STATIC  library,  unless  a  type  is
       specified.  A type may be specified when using the command:

          add_library(archive SHARED archive.cpp zip.cpp lzma.cpp)

          add_library(archive STATIC archive.cpp zip.cpp lzma.cpp)

       The  BUILD_SHARED_LIBS  variable may be enabled to change the behavior of add_library() to
       build shared libraries by default.

       In the context of the buildsystem definition as a whole, it is largely irrelevant  whether
       particular  libraries  are  SHARED or STATIC – the commands, dependency specifications and
       other APIs work similarly regardless of the library type.   The  MODULE  library  type  is
       dissimilar  in  that it is generally not linked to – it is not used in the right-hand-side
       of the target_link_libraries() command.  It is a type which is loaded as  a  plugin  using
       runtime  techniques.   If  the library does not export any unmanaged symbols (e.g. Windows
       resource DLL, C++/CLI DLL), it is required that  the  library  not  be  a  SHARED  library
       because CMake expects SHARED libraries to export at least one symbol.

          add_library(archive MODULE 7z.cpp)

   Apple Frameworks
       A  SHARED  library  may be marked with the FRAMEWORK target property to create an macOS or
       iOS Framework Bundle.  The MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_IDENTIFIER sets CFBundleIdentifier key and  it
       uniquely identifies the bundle.

          add_library(MyFramework SHARED MyFramework.cpp)
          set_target_properties(MyFramework PROPERTIES
            FRAMEWORK TRUE
            FRAMEWORK_VERSION A
            MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_IDENTIFIER org.cmake.MyFramework
          )

   Object Libraries
       The  OBJECT  library type defines a non-archival collection of object files resulting from
       compiling the given source files.  The object files  collection  may  be  used  as  source
       inputs to other targets:

          add_library(archive OBJECT archive.cpp zip.cpp lzma.cpp)

          add_library(archiveExtras STATIC $<TARGET_OBJECTS:archive> extras.cpp)

          add_executable(test_exe $<TARGET_OBJECTS:archive> test.cpp)

       The  link  (or archiving) step of those other targets will use the object files collection
       in addition to those from their own sources.

       Alternatively, object libraries may be linked into other targets:

          add_library(archive OBJECT archive.cpp zip.cpp lzma.cpp)

          add_library(archiveExtras STATIC extras.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(archiveExtras PUBLIC archive)

          add_executable(test_exe test.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(test_exe archive)

       The link (or archiving) step of those other targets will use the object files from  OBJECT
       libraries  that  are  directly  linked.   Additionally,  usage  requirements of the OBJECT
       libraries will be honored when compiling sources in  those  other  targets.   Furthermore,
       those usage requirements will propagate transitively to dependents of those other targets.

       Object  libraries may not be used as the TARGET in a use of the add_custom_command(TARGET)
       command signature.  However, the list of objects can be used by add_custom_command(OUTPUT)
       or file(GENERATE) by using $<TARGET_OBJECTS:objlib>.

BUILD SPECIFICATION AND USAGE REQUIREMENTS

       The         target_include_directories(),         target_compile_definitions()         and
       target_compile_options()  commands  specify  the  build  specifications  and   the   usage
       requirements   of   binary   targets.   The  commands  populate  the  INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES,
       COMPILE_DEFINITIONS  and  COMPILE_OPTIONS  target  properties  respectively,  and/or   the
       INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS and INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS
       target properties.

       Each of the commands has a PRIVATE, PUBLIC and INTERFACE mode.  The PRIVATE mode populates
       only  the  non-INTERFACE_  variant of the target property and the INTERFACE mode populates
       only the INTERFACE_ variants.  The PUBLIC mode populates both variants of  the  respective
       target property.  Each command may be invoked with multiple uses of each keyword:

          target_compile_definitions(archive
            PRIVATE BUILDING_WITH_LZMA
            INTERFACE USING_ARCHIVE_LIB
          )

       Note  that usage requirements are not designed as a way to make downstreams use particular
       COMPILE_OPTIONS or COMPILE_DEFINITIONS etc for convenience  only.   The  contents  of  the
       properties must be requirements, not merely recommendations or convenience.

       See  the  Creating  Relocatable  Packages  section  of  the  cmake-packages(7)  manual for
       discussion of additional care that must be taken when specifying usage requirements  while
       creating packages for redistribution.

   Target Properties
       The  contents  of  the INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, COMPILE_DEFINITIONS and COMPILE_OPTIONS target
       properties are used appropriately when compiling the source files of a binary target.

       Entries in the INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES are added to the  compile  line  with  -I  or  -isystem
       prefixes and in the order of appearance in the property value.

       Entries  in  the  COMPILE_DEFINITIONS  are prefixed with -D or /D and added to the compile
       line in an unspecified order.  The DEFINE_SYMBOL  target  property  is  also  added  as  a
       compile definition as a special convenience case for SHARED and MODULE library targets.

       Entries  in  the  COMPILE_OPTIONS  are  escaped  for  the  shell and added in the order of
       appearance in the property value.  Several compile options have special separate handling,
       such as POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE.

       The  contents  of  the  INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES,  INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS  and
       INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS target properties are Usage Requirements – they specify  content
       which  consumers  must  use  to correctly compile and link with the target they appear on.
       For any binary target, the contents of each INTERFACE_ property on each  target  specified
       in a target_link_libraries() command is consumed:

          set(srcs archive.cpp zip.cpp)
          if (LZMA_FOUND)
            list(APPEND srcs lzma.cpp)
          endif()
          add_library(archive SHARED ${srcs})
          if (LZMA_FOUND)
            # The archive library sources are compiled with -DBUILDING_WITH_LZMA
            target_compile_definitions(archive PRIVATE BUILDING_WITH_LZMA)
          endif()
          target_compile_definitions(archive INTERFACE USING_ARCHIVE_LIB)

          add_executable(consumer)
          # Link consumer to archive and consume its usage requirements. The consumer
          # executable sources are compiled with -DUSING_ARCHIVE_LIB.
          target_link_libraries(consumer archive)

       Because  it  is  common  to  require  that  the  source  directory and corresponding build
       directory are added to the INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, the CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR variable can
       be enabled to conveniently add the corresponding directories to the INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES of
       all targets.  The variable CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR_IN_INTERFACE can be  enabled  to  add
       the  corresponding  directories to the INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES of all targets.  This
       makes use of targets in multiple different  directories  convenient  through  use  of  the
       target_link_libraries() command.

   Transitive Usage Requirements
       The  usage  requirements  of  a  target  can  transitively  propagate  to dependents.  The
       target_link_libraries() command has PRIVATE, INTERFACE and PUBLIC keywords to control  the
       propagation.

          add_library(archive archive.cpp)
          target_compile_definitions(archive INTERFACE USING_ARCHIVE_LIB)

          add_library(serialization serialization.cpp)
          target_compile_definitions(serialization INTERFACE USING_SERIALIZATION_LIB)

          add_library(archiveExtras extras.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(archiveExtras PUBLIC archive)
          target_link_libraries(archiveExtras PRIVATE serialization)
          # archiveExtras is compiled with -DUSING_ARCHIVE_LIB
          # and -DUSING_SERIALIZATION_LIB

          add_executable(consumer consumer.cpp)
          # consumer is compiled with -DUSING_ARCHIVE_LIB
          target_link_libraries(consumer archiveExtras)

       Because  archive is a PUBLIC dependency of archiveExtras, the usage requirements of it are
       propagated  to  consumer  too.   Because  serialization  is  a   PRIVATE   dependency   of
       archiveExtras, the usage requirements of it are not propagated to consumer.

       Generally,  a  dependency should be specified in a use of target_link_libraries() with the
       PRIVATE keyword if it is used by only the implementation of a  library,  and  not  in  the
       header files.  If a dependency is additionally used in the header files of a library (e.g.
       for class inheritance), then it should be specified as a PUBLIC dependency.  A  dependency
       which  is  not  used by the implementation of a library, but only by its headers should be
       specified as an INTERFACE dependency.  The target_link_libraries() command may be  invoked
       with multiple uses of each keyword:

          target_link_libraries(archiveExtras
            PUBLIC archive
            PRIVATE serialization
          )

       Usage  requirements are propagated by reading the INTERFACE_ variants of target properties
       from dependencies and appending the values to the non-INTERFACE_ variants of the  operand.
       For example, the INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES of dependencies is read and appended to the
       INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES of the operand.  In cases where order is relevant and maintained,  and
       the  order  resulting  from  the  target_link_libraries()  calls  does  not  allow correct
       compilation, use of an appropriate command to set the property  directly  may  update  the
       order.

       For example, if the linked libraries for a target must be specified in the order lib1 lib2
       lib3 , but the include directories must be specified in the order lib3 lib1 lib2:

          target_link_libraries(myExe lib1 lib2 lib3)
          target_include_directories(myExe
            PRIVATE $<TARGET_PROPERTY:lib3,INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES>)

       Note that care must be taken when specifying usage requirements for targets which will  be
       exported  for  installation  using the install(EXPORT) command.  See Creating Packages for
       more.

   Compatible Interface Properties
       Some target properties are required to be compatible between a target and the interface of
       each dependency.  For example, the POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE target property may specify a
       boolean value of whether a target should be compiled as  position-independent-code,  which
       has  platform-specific  consequences.   A  target  may  also specify the usage requirement
       INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE to communicate that  consumers  must  be  compiled  as
       position-independent-code.

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET exe1 PROPERTY POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)

          add_library(lib1 SHARED lib1.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1 PROPERTY INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)

          add_executable(exe2 exe2.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe2 lib1)

       Here, both exe1 and exe2 will be compiled as position-independent-code.  lib1 will also be
       compiled as position-independent-code because that  is  the  default  setting  for  SHARED
       libraries.   If dependencies have conflicting, non-compatible requirements cmake(1) issues
       a diagnostic:

          add_library(lib1 SHARED lib1.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1 PROPERTY INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)

          add_library(lib2 SHARED lib2.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib2 PROPERTY INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE OFF)

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 lib1)
          set_property(TARGET exe1 PROPERTY POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE OFF)

          add_executable(exe2 exe2.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe2 lib1 lib2)

       The lib1 requirement INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE  is  not  “compatible”  with  the
       POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE  property  of  the  exe1  target.   The  library  requires  that
       consumers are built as position-independent-code, while the executable  specifies  to  not
       built as position-independent-code, so a diagnostic is issued.

       The  lib1 and lib2 requirements are not “compatible”.  One of them requires that consumers
       are built as position-independent-code, while the other requires that  consumers  are  not
       built  as position-independent-code.  Because exe2 links to both and they are in conflict,
       a diagnostic is issued.

       To be “compatible”, the POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE property, if  set  must  be  either  the
       same,  in  a  boolean  sense,  as  the INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE property of all
       transitively specified dependencies on which that property is set.

       This property of “compatible interface requirement” may be extended to other properties by
       specifying  the  property in the content of the COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_BOOL target property.
       Each  specified  property  must  be  compatible  between  the  consuming  target  and  the
       corresponding property with an INTERFACE_ prefix from each dependency:

          add_library(lib1Version2 SHARED lib1_v2.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version2 PROPERTY INTERFACE_CUSTOM_PROP ON)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version2 APPEND PROPERTY
            COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_BOOL CUSTOM_PROP
          )

          add_library(lib1Version3 SHARED lib1_v3.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version3 PROPERTY INTERFACE_CUSTOM_PROP OFF)

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 lib1Version2) # CUSTOM_PROP will be ON

          add_executable(exe2 exe2.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe2 lib1Version2 lib1Version3) # Diagnostic

       Non-boolean  properties  may  also  participate  in  “compatible  interface” computations.
       Properties  specified  in  the  COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_STRING  property   must   be   either
       unspecified  or  compare to the same string among all transitively specified dependencies.
       This can be useful to ensure that multiple incompatible versions  of  a  library  are  not
       linked together through transitive requirements of a target:

          add_library(lib1Version2 SHARED lib1_v2.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version2 PROPERTY INTERFACE_LIB_VERSION 2)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version2 APPEND PROPERTY
            COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_STRING LIB_VERSION
          )

          add_library(lib1Version3 SHARED lib1_v3.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version3 PROPERTY INTERFACE_LIB_VERSION 3)

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 lib1Version2) # LIB_VERSION will be "2"

          add_executable(exe2 exe2.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe2 lib1Version2 lib1Version3) # Diagnostic

       The  COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_NUMBER_MAX  target  property  specifies  that  content  will  be
       evaluated numerically and the maximum number among all specified will be calculated:

          add_library(lib1Version2 SHARED lib1_v2.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version2 PROPERTY INTERFACE_CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED 200)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version2 APPEND PROPERTY
            COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_NUMBER_MAX CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED
          )

          add_library(lib1Version3 SHARED lib1_v3.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version3 PROPERTY INTERFACE_CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED 1000)

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          # CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED will be "200"
          target_link_libraries(exe1 lib1Version2)

          add_executable(exe2 exe2.cpp)
          # CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED will be "1000"
          target_link_libraries(exe2 lib1Version2 lib1Version3)

       Similarly, the COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_NUMBER_MIN  may  be  used  to  calculate  the  numeric
       minimum value for a property from dependencies.

       Each  calculated  “compatible” property value may be read in the consumer at generate-time
       using generator expressions.

       Note that for each dependee, the set of properties specified in each compatible  interface
       property must not intersect with the set specified in any of the other properties.

   Property Origin Debugging
       Because  build  specifications  can be determined by dependencies, the lack of locality of
       code which creates a target and code which is responsible for setting build specifications
       may  make the code more difficult to reason about.  cmake(1) provides a debugging facility
       to print the origin of the contents of properties which may be determined by dependencies.
       The  properties  which  can  be  debugged  are listed in the CMAKE_DEBUG_TARGET_PROPERTIES
       variable documentation:

          set(CMAKE_DEBUG_TARGET_PROPERTIES
            INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
            COMPILE_DEFINITIONS
            POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE
            CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED
            LIB_VERSION
          )
          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)

       In    the    case    of    properties    listed    in     COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_BOOL     or
       COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_STRING,  the  debug  output  shows  which  target was responsible for
       setting the property, and which other dependencies also defined the property.  In the case
       of  COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_NUMBER_MAX  and COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_NUMBER_MIN, the debug output
       shows the value of the property from each dependency, and whether the value determines the
       new extreme.

   Build Specification with Generator Expressions
       Build  specifications  may  use  generator  expressions  containing  content  which may be
       conditional or known only at generate-time.   For  example,  the  calculated  “compatible”
       value of a property may be read with the TARGET_PROPERTY expression:

          add_library(lib1Version2 SHARED lib1_v2.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version2 PROPERTY
            INTERFACE_CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED 200)
          set_property(TARGET lib1Version2 APPEND PROPERTY
            COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_NUMBER_MAX CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED
          )

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 lib1Version2)
          target_compile_definitions(exe1 PRIVATE
              CONTAINER_SIZE=$<TARGET_PROPERTY:CONTAINER_SIZE_REQUIRED>
          )

       In this case, the exe1 source files will be compiled with -DCONTAINER_SIZE=200.

       Configuration  determined  build  specifications  may be conveniently set using the CONFIG
       generator expression.

          target_compile_definitions(exe1 PRIVATE
              $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:DEBUG_BUILD>
          )

       The CONFIG parameter is compared case-insensitively with the  configuration  being  built.
       In  the  presence  of  IMPORTED  targets, the content of MAP_IMPORTED_CONFIG_DEBUG is also
       accounted for by this expression.

       Some buildsystems generated by cmake(1) have a predetermined  build-configuration  set  in
       the  CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE  variable.   The  buildsystem for the IDEs such as Visual Studio and
       Xcode  are  generated  independent  of  the  build-configuration,  and  the  actual  build
       configuration is not known until build-time.  Therefore, code such as

          string(TOLOWER ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} _type)
          if (_type STREQUAL debug)
            target_compile_definitions(exe1 PRIVATE DEBUG_BUILD)
          endif()

       may  appear  to  work for Makefile Generators and Ninja generators, but is not portable to
       IDE generators.  Additionally, the IMPORTED configuration-mappings are not  accounted  for
       with code like this, so it should be avoided.

       The  unary TARGET_PROPERTY generator expression and the TARGET_POLICY generator expression
       are evaluated with the consuming target context.  This  means  that  a  usage  requirement
       specification may be evaluated differently based on the consumer:

          add_library(lib1 lib1.cpp)
          target_compile_definitions(lib1 INTERFACE
            $<$<STREQUAL:$<TARGET_PROPERTY:TYPE>,EXECUTABLE>:LIB1_WITH_EXE>
            $<$<STREQUAL:$<TARGET_PROPERTY:TYPE>,SHARED_LIBRARY>:LIB1_WITH_SHARED_LIB>
            $<$<TARGET_POLICY:CMP0041>:CONSUMER_CMP0041_NEW>
          )

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 lib1)

          cmake_policy(SET CMP0041 NEW)

          add_library(shared_lib shared_lib.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(shared_lib lib1)

       The  exe1  executable  will  be compiled with -DLIB1_WITH_EXE, while the shared_lib shared
       library will be compiled with -DLIB1_WITH_SHARED_LIB and  -DCONSUMER_CMP0041_NEW,  because
       policy CMP0041 is NEW at the point where the shared_lib target is created.

       The BUILD_INTERFACE expression wraps requirements which are only used when consumed from a
       target in the same buildsystem, or when consumed from  a  target  exported  to  the  build
       directory using the export() command.  The INSTALL_INTERFACE expression wraps requirements
       which are only used when consumed from a target which has been installed and exported with
       the install(EXPORT) command:

          add_library(ClimbingStats climbingstats.cpp)
          target_compile_definitions(ClimbingStats INTERFACE
            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:ClimbingStats_FROM_BUILD_LOCATION>
            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:ClimbingStats_FROM_INSTALLED_LOCATION>
          )
          install(TARGETS ClimbingStats EXPORT libExport ${InstallArgs})
          install(EXPORT libExport NAMESPACE Upstream::
                  DESTINATION lib/cmake/ClimbingStats)
          export(EXPORT libExport NAMESPACE Upstream::)

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 ClimbingStats)

       In     this     case,     the     exe1     executable     will     be     compiled    with
       -DClimbingStats_FROM_BUILD_LOCATION.  The exporting  commands  generate  IMPORTED  targets
       with  either  the  INSTALL_INTERFACE  or  the BUILD_INTERFACE omitted, and the *_INTERFACE
       marker stripped away.  A  separate  project  consuming  the  ClimbingStats  package  would
       contain:

          find_package(ClimbingStats REQUIRED)

          add_executable(Downstream main.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(Downstream Upstream::ClimbingStats)

       Depending  on  whether  the  ClimbingStats package was used from the build location or the
       install   location,   the   Downstream   target   would   be    compiled    with    either
       -DClimbingStats_FROM_BUILD_LOCATION  or  -DClimbingStats_FROM_INSTALL_LOCATION.   For more
       about packages and exporting see the cmake-packages(7) manual.

   Include Directories and Usage Requirements
       Include  directories  require  some  special  consideration  when   specified   as   usage
       requirements  and  when used with generator expressions.  The target_include_directories()
       command accepts both relative and absolute include directories:

          add_library(lib1 lib1.cpp)
          target_include_directories(lib1 PRIVATE
            /absolute/path
            relative/path
          )

       Relative paths are interpreted relative to the source directory where the command appears.
       Relative paths are not allowed in the INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES of IMPORTED targets.

       In  cases  where a non-trivial generator expression is used, the INSTALL_PREFIX expression
       may be used within the argument of an INSTALL_INTERFACE expression.  It is  a  replacement
       marker which expands to the installation prefix when imported by a consuming project.

       Include  directories  usage  requirements  commonly  differ between the build-tree and the
       install-tree.  The BUILD_INTERFACE and INSTALL_INTERFACE generator expressions can be used
       to  describe  separate usage requirements based on the usage location.  Relative paths are
       allowed within the INSTALL_INTERFACE  expression  and  are  interpreted  relative  to  the
       installation prefix.  For example:

          add_library(ClimbingStats climbingstats.cpp)
          target_include_directories(ClimbingStats INTERFACE
            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/generated>
            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:/absolute/path>
            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:relative/path>
            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:$<INSTALL_PREFIX>/$<CONFIG>/generated>
          )

       Two convenience APIs are provided relating to include directories usage requirements.  The
       CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR_IN_INTERFACE variable may be enabled, with an equivalent  effect
       to:

          set_property(TARGET tgt APPEND PROPERTY INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR};${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}>
          )

       for  each  target  affected.   The  convenience  for  installed  targets  is  an  INCLUDES
       DESTINATION component with the install(TARGETS) command:

          install(TARGETS foo bar bat EXPORT tgts ${dest_args}
            INCLUDES DESTINATION include
          )
          install(EXPORT tgts ${other_args})
          install(FILES ${headers} DESTINATION include)

       This   is    equivalent    to    appending    ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include    to    the
       INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES  of each of the installed IMPORTED targets when generated by
       install(EXPORT).

       When the INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES of an imported target is consumed, the  entries  in
       the  property  are  treated  as  SYSTEM include directories, as if they were listed in the
       INTERFACE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES of the dependency. This can  result  in  omission  of
       compiler  warnings  for  headers  found  in those directories.  This behavior for Imported
       Targets may be controlled by setting the NO_SYSTEM_FROM_IMPORTED target  property  on  the
       consumers of imported targets.

       If  a  binary target is linked transitively to a macOS FRAMEWORK, the Headers directory of
       the framework is also treated as a usage requirement.  This has the same effect as passing
       the framework directory as an include directory.

   Link Libraries and Generator Expressions
       Like  build  specifications,  link  libraries  may  be specified with generator expression
       conditions.  However, as consumption of usage requirements is  based  on  collection  from
       linked  dependencies,  there  is  an additional limitation that the link dependencies must
       form a “directed acyclic graph”.  That is, if linking to a  target  is  dependent  on  the
       value  of  a  target  property,  that  target  property may not be dependent on the linked
       dependencies:

          add_library(lib1 lib1.cpp)
          add_library(lib2 lib2.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(lib1 PUBLIC
            $<$<TARGET_PROPERTY:POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE>:lib2>
          )
          add_library(lib3 lib3.cpp)
          set_property(TARGET lib3 PROPERTY INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 lib1 lib3)

       As the value of the POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE property of the exe1 target is dependent  on
       the  linked  libraries  (lib3),  and  the  edge  of linking exe1 is determined by the same
       POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE property, the dependency graph above contains a cycle.  cmake(1)
       issues a diagnostic in this case.

   Output Artifacts
       The  buildsystem targets created by the add_library() and add_executable() commands create
       rules to create binary outputs.  The exact output location of the  binaries  can  only  be
       determined  at  generate-time  because  it  can  depend on the build-configuration and the
       link-language of linked dependencies etc.   TARGET_FILE,  TARGET_LINKER_FILE  and  related
       expressions  can  be  used  to  access the name and location of generated binaries.  These
       expressions do not work for OBJECT libraries however, as there is no single file generated
       by such libraries which is relevant to the expressions.

       There  are three kinds of output artifacts that may be build by targets as detailed in the
       following sections.  Their  classification  differs  between  DLL  platforms  and  non-DLL
       platforms.  All Windows-based systems including Cygwin are DLL platforms.

   Runtime Output Artifacts
       A runtime output artifact of a buildsystem target may be:

       • The  executable file (e.g. .exe) of an executable target created by the add_executable()
         command.

       • On DLL platforms: the executable file (e.g. .dll) of a shared library target created  by
         the add_library() command with the SHARED option.

       The  RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY  and  RUNTIME_OUTPUT_NAME  target  properties may be used to
       control runtime output artifact locations and names in the build tree.

   Library Output Artifacts
       A library output artifact of a buildsystem target may be:

       • The loadable module file (e.g. .dll or .so) of a module library target  created  by  the
         add_library() command with the MODULE option.

       • On  non-DLL  platforms: the shared library file (e.g. .so or .dylib) of a shared library
         target created by the add_library() command with the SHARED option.

       The LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY and LIBRARY_OUTPUT_NAME target  properties  may  be  used  to
       control library output artifact locations and names in the build tree.

   Archive Output Artifacts
       An archive output artifact of a buildsystem target may be:

       • The  static  library  file  (e.g.  .lib or .a) of a static library target created by the
         add_library() command with the STATIC option.

       • On DLL platforms: the import library file (e.g. .lib) of a shared library target created
         by  the  add_library()  command with the SHARED option.  This file is only guaranteed to
         exist if the library exports at least one unmanaged symbol.

       • On DLL platforms: the import library file (e.g. .lib) of an executable target created by
         the add_executable() command when its ENABLE_EXPORTS target property is set.

       • On  AIX:  the  linker  import  file  (e.g.  .imp) of an executable target created by the
         add_executable() command when its ENABLE_EXPORTS target property is set.

       The ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY and ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_NAME target  properties  may  be  used  to
       control archive output artifact locations and names in the build tree.

   Directory-Scoped Commands
       The         target_include_directories(),         target_compile_definitions()         and
       target_compile_options() commands have an effect on  only  one  target  at  a  time.   The
       commands add_compile_definitions(), add_compile_options() and include_directories() have a
       similar function, but operate at directory scope instead of target scope for convenience.

PSEUDO TARGETS

       Some target types do not represent outputs of the buildsystem, but  only  inputs  such  as
       external  dependencies,  aliases  or  other  non-build  artifacts.  Pseudo targets are not
       represented in the generated buildsystem.

   Imported Targets
       An IMPORTED target represents a pre-existing dependency.  Usually such targets are defined
       by  an  upstream  package  and should be treated as immutable. After declaring an IMPORTED
       target one can adjust its target properties  by  using  the  customary  commands  such  as
       target_compile_definitions(),  target_include_directories(),  target_compile_options()  or
       target_link_libraries() just like with any other regular target.

       IMPORTED targets may have the  same  usage  requirement  properties  populated  as  binary
       targets,    such    as    INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES,    INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS,
       INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS,                  INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES,                  and
       INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE.

       The LOCATION may also be read from an IMPORTED target, though there is rarely reason to do
       so.  Commands such as add_custom_command() can transparently use  an  IMPORTED  EXECUTABLE
       target as a COMMAND executable.

       The  scope  of the definition of an IMPORTED target is the directory where it was defined.
       It may be accessed and used from  subdirectories,  but  not  from  parent  directories  or
       sibling directories.  The scope is similar to the scope of a cmake variable.

       It is also possible to define a GLOBAL IMPORTED target which is accessible globally in the
       buildsystem.

       See the cmake-packages(7) manual for more on creating packages with IMPORTED targets.

   Alias Targets
       An ALIAS target is a name which may be used interchangeably with a binary target  name  in
       read-only  contexts.   A  primary  use-case  for ALIAS targets is for example or unit test
       executables accompanying a library, which may be part of the  same  buildsystem  or  built
       separately based on user configuration.

          add_library(lib1 lib1.cpp)
          install(TARGETS lib1 EXPORT lib1Export ${dest_args})
          install(EXPORT lib1Export NAMESPACE Upstream:: ${other_args})

          add_library(Upstream::lib1 ALIAS lib1)

       In  another directory, we can link unconditionally to the Upstream::lib1 target, which may
       be an IMPORTED target from a package, or an ALIAS target if built  as  part  of  the  same
       buildsystem.

          if (NOT TARGET Upstream::lib1)
            find_package(lib1 REQUIRED)
          endif()
          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 Upstream::lib1)

       ALIAS  targets are not mutable, installable or exportable.  They are entirely local to the
       buildsystem description.  A name can be tested for whether it is an ALIAS name by  reading
       the ALIASED_TARGET property from it:

          get_target_property(_aliased Upstream::lib1 ALIASED_TARGET)
          if(_aliased)
            message(STATUS "The name Upstream::lib1 is an ALIAS for ${_aliased}.")
          endif()

   Interface Libraries
       An  INTERFACE  target  has  no  LOCATION  and  is  mutable, but is otherwise similar to an
       IMPORTED target.

       It   may   specify   usage    requirements    such    as    INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES,
       INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS,     INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS,    INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES,
       INTERFACE_SOURCES, and INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE.  Only the INTERFACE  modes  of
       the  target_include_directories(), target_compile_definitions(), target_compile_options(),
       target_sources(),  and  target_link_libraries()  commands  may  be  used  with   INTERFACE
       libraries.

       A primary use-case for INTERFACE libraries is header-only libraries.

          add_library(Eigen INTERFACE)
          target_include_directories(Eigen INTERFACE
            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src>
            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include/Eigen>
          )

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 Eigen)

       Here,  the  usage requirements from the Eigen target are consumed and used when compiling,
       but it has no effect on linking.

       Another use-case is to employ an entirely target-focussed design for usage requirements:

          add_library(pic_on INTERFACE)
          set_property(TARGET pic_on PROPERTY INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
          add_library(pic_off INTERFACE)
          set_property(TARGET pic_off PROPERTY INTERFACE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE OFF)

          add_library(enable_rtti INTERFACE)
          target_compile_options(enable_rtti INTERFACE
            $<$<OR:$<COMPILER_ID:GNU>,$<COMPILER_ID:Clang>>:-rtti>
          )

          add_executable(exe1 exe1.cpp)
          target_link_libraries(exe1 pic_on enable_rtti)

       This way, the build specification of exe1 is expressed entirely as linked targets, and the
       complexity of compiler-specific flags is encapsulated in an INTERFACE library target.

       The properties permitted to be set on or read from an INTERFACE library are:

       • Properties matching INTERFACE_*

       • Built-in properties matching COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_*EXPORT_NAMEEXPORT_PROPERTIESIMPORTEDMANUALLY_ADDED_DEPENDENCIESNAME

       • Properties matching IMPORTED_LIBNAME_*

       • Properties matching MAP_IMPORTED_CONFIG_*

       INTERFACE  libraries  may  be  installed  and exported.  Any content they refer to must be
       installed separately:

          add_library(Eigen INTERFACE)
          target_include_directories(Eigen INTERFACE
            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src>
            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include/Eigen>
          )

          install(TARGETS Eigen EXPORT eigenExport)
          install(EXPORT eigenExport NAMESPACE Upstream::
            DESTINATION lib/cmake/Eigen
          )
          install(FILES
              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/eigen.h
              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/vector.h
              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/matrix.h
            DESTINATION include/Eigen
          )

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