Provided by: e2fsprogs_1.45.5-2ubuntu1.1_amd64 bug

NAME

       tune2fs - adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems

SYNOPSIS

       tune2fs  [  -l  ]  [  -c  max-mount-counts  ] [ -e errors-behavior ] [ -f ] [ -i interval-
       between-checks ] [ -I new_inode_size ] [ -j ] [ -J journal-options ] [ -m reserved-blocks-
       percentage  ] [ -o [^]mount-options[,...]  ] [ -r reserved-blocks-count ] [ -u user ] [ -g
       group ] [ -C mount-count ] [ -E extended-options ] [ -L volume-label ] [ -M  last-mounted-
       directory  ]  [  -O [^]feature[,...]  ] [ -Q quota-options ] [ -T time-last-checked ] [ -U
       UUID ] [ -z undo_file ] device

DESCRIPTION

       tune2fs allows the system administrator to adjust various tunable filesystem parameters on
       Linux  ext2,  ext3,  or  ext4  filesystems.   The  current  values of these options can be
       displayed by using the -l option to  tune2fs(8)  program,  or  by  using  the  dumpe2fs(8)
       program.

       The  device  specifier  can  either  be  a  filename (i.e., /dev/sda1), or a LABEL or UUID
       specifier:    "LABEL=volume-label"    or    "UUID=uuid".      (i.e.,     LABEL=home     or
       UUID=e40486c6-84d5-4f2f-b99c-032281799c9d).

OPTIONS

       -c max-mount-counts
              Adjust  the  number  of  mounts  after  which  the  filesystem  will  be checked by
              e2fsck(8).  If max-mount-counts is 0 or -1, the number of times the  filesystem  is
              mounted will be disregarded by e2fsck(8) and the kernel.

              Staggering  the  mount-counts  at which filesystems are forcibly checked will avoid
              all filesystems being checked at one time when using journaled filesystems.

              Mount-count-dependent checking is disabled by default to avoid  unanticipated  long
              reboots  while  e2fsck  does  its  work.   However,  you  may  wish to consider the
              consequences  of  disabling  mount-count-dependent  checking  entirely.   Bad  disk
              drives,  cables,  memory,  and  kernel  bugs could all corrupt a filesystem without
              marking the filesystem dirty or in error.  If you  are  using  journaling  on  your
              filesystem,  your filesystem will never be marked dirty, so it will not normally be
              checked.  A filesystem error detected by the kernel will still force an fsck on the
              next reboot, but it may already be too late to prevent data loss at that point.

              See also the -i option for time-dependent checking.

       -C mount-count
              Set the number of times the filesystem has been mounted.  If set to a greater value
              than the max-mount-counts parameter set by the -c option, e2fsck(8) will check  the
              filesystem at the next reboot.

       -e error-behavior
              Change  the  behavior of the kernel code when errors are detected.  In all cases, a
              filesystem error will cause e2fsck(8) to check the filesystem  on  the  next  boot.
              error-behavior can be one of the following:

                   continue    Continue normal execution.

                   remount-ro  Remount filesystem read-only.

                   panic       Cause a kernel panic.

       -E extended-options
              Set extended options for the filesystem.  Extended options are comma separated, and
              may take an argument using the equals ('=') sign.  The following  extended  options
              are supported:

                   clear_mmp
                          Reset  the  MMP  block  (if  any) back to the clean state.  Use only if
                          absolutely certain the device is not currently mounted or being fscked,
                          or major filesystem corruption can result.  Needs '-f'.

                   mmp_update_interval=interval
                          Adjust the initial MMP update interval to interval seconds.  Specifying
                          an interval of 0 means to use  the  default  interval.   The  specified
                          interval  must be less than 300 seconds.  Requires that the mmp feature
                          be enabled.

                   stride=stride-size
                          Configure the filesystem for a RAID array with  stride-size  filesystem
                          blocks.  This  is  the  number of blocks read or written to disk before
                          moving to next  disk.  This  mostly  affects  placement  of  filesystem
                          metadata  like  bitmaps  at  mke2fs(2)  time to avoid placing them on a
                          single disk, which can hurt the performance.  It may also  be  used  by
                          block allocator.

                   stripe_width=stripe-width
                          Configure  the filesystem for a RAID array with stripe-width filesystem
                          blocks per stripe. This is typically be stride-size * N, where N is the
                          number  of  data disks in the RAID (e.g. RAID 5 N+1, RAID 6 N+2).  This
                          allows the block allocator to prevent read-modify-write of  the  parity
                          in a RAID stripe if possible when the data is written.

                   hash_alg=hash-alg
                          Set  the default hash algorithm used for filesystems with hashed b-tree
                          directories.  Valid algorithms accepted are: legacy, half_md4, and tea.

                   mount_opts=mount_option_string
                          Set a set of default mount options which will be  used  when  the  file
                          system  is  mounted.   Unlike  the  bitmask-based default mount options
                          which can be specified with the -o option,  mount_option_string  is  an
                          arbitrary  string with a maximum length of 63 bytes, which is stored in
                          the superblock.

                          The ext4 file system driver will first apply the bitmask-based  default
                          options,  and  then  parse  the mount_option_string, before parsing the
                          mount options passed from the mount(8) program.

                          This superblock setting is only honored in 2.6.35+ kernels; and not  at
                          all by the ext2 and ext3 file system drivers.

                   force_fsck
                          Set  a  flag  in  the filesystem superblock indicating that errors have
                          been found.  This will force fsck to run at the next mount.

                   test_fs
                          Set a flag in the filesystem  superblock  indicating  that  it  may  be
                          mounted using experimental kernel code, such as the ext4dev filesystem.

                   ^test_fs
                          Clear  the  test_fs  flag,  indicating  the  filesystem  should only be
                          mounted using production-level filesystem code.

       -f     Force the tune2fs operation to complete even in the face of errors.  This option is
              useful when removing the has_journal filesystem feature from a filesystem which has
              an external journal (or is corrupted such that  it  appears  to  have  an  external
              journal),  but  that external journal is not available.   If the filesystem appears
              to require journal replay, the -f flag must be specified twice to proceed.

              WARNING: Removing an external journal from  a  filesystem  which  was  not  cleanly
              unmounted  without  first  replaying the external journal can result in severe data
              loss and filesystem corruption.

       -g group
              Set the group which can use the reserved filesystem blocks.   The  group  parameter
              can  be a numerical gid or a group name.  If a group name is given, it is converted
              to a numerical gid before it is stored in the superblock.

       -i  interval-between-checks[d|m|w]
              Adjust the maximal time between  two  filesystem  checks.   No  suffix  or  d  will
              interpret  the number interval-between-checks as days, m as months, and w as weeks.
              A value of zero will disable the time-dependent checking.

              There are pros and cons to disabling these  periodic  checks;  see  the  discussion
              under the -c (mount-count-dependent check) option for details.

       -I     Change  the inode size used by the file system.   This requires rewriting the inode
              table, so it requires that the file system is checked for consistency  first  using
              e2fsck(8).   This  operation  can  also  take  a  while  and the file system can be
              corrupted and data lost if it is interrupted while in the middle of converting  the
              file system.

       -j     Add  an  ext3  journal  to  the filesystem.  If the -J option is not specified, the
              default journal parameters will be used to create an  appropriately  sized  journal
              (given  the  size  of  the filesystem) stored within the filesystem.  Note that you
              must be using a kernel which has ext3 support in order to actually make use of  the
              journal.

              If  this  option  is used to create a journal on a mounted filesystem, an immutable
              file, .journal, will be created in the top-level directory of the filesystem, as it
              is  the  only safe way to create the journal inode while the filesystem is mounted.
              While the ext3 journal is visible, it is not safe to delete it, or modify it  while
              the  filesystem  is  mounted;  for this reason the file is marked immutable.  While
              checking unmounted filesystems, e2fsck(8) will automatically move .journal files to
              the  invisible,  reserved  journal  inode.  For all filesystems except for the root
              filesystem,  this should happen automatically and naturally during the next  reboot
              cycle.   Since the root filesystem is mounted read-only, e2fsck(8) must be run from
              a rescue floppy in order to effect this transition.

              On some distributions, such as Debian, if an initial ramdisk is  used,  the  initrd
              scripts  will  automatically  convert  an  ext2  root  filesystem  to  ext3  if the
              /etc/fstab file specifies the ext3 filesystem for the root filesystem in  order  to
              avoid  requiring  the  use  of  a  rescue floppy to add an ext3 journal to the root
              filesystem.

       -J journal-options
              Override the default ext3 journal parameters. Journal options are comma  separated,
              and  may  take  an  argument  using  the equals ('=')  sign.  The following journal
              options are supported:

                   size=journal-size
                          Create  a  journal  stored  in  the  filesystem  of  size  journal-size
                          megabytes.    The  size of the journal must be at least 1024 filesystem
                          blocks (i.e., 1MB if using 1k blocks, 4MB if  using  4k  blocks,  etc.)
                          and  may  be  no more than 10,240,000 filesystem blocks.  There must be
                          enough free space in the filesystem to create a journal of that size.

                   location=journal-location
                          Specify the location of the journal.  The argument journal-location can
                          either  be  specified  as  a block number, or if the number has a units
                          suffix (e.g., 'M', 'G', etc.) interpret  it  as  the  offset  from  the
                          beginning of the file system.

                   device=external-journal
                          Attach  the filesystem to the journal block device located on external-
                          journal.  The external journal must have been already created using the
                          command

                          mke2fs -O journal_dev external-journal

                          Note  that  external-journal must be formatted with the same block size
                          as filesystems which will be using it.  In  addition,  while  there  is
                          support  for  attaching  multiple  filesystems  to  a  single  external
                          journal, the Linux kernel and e2fsck(8) do not currently support shared
                          external journals yet.

                          Instead of specifying a device name directly, external-journal can also
                          be specified by either LABEL=label or UUID=UUID to locate the  external
                          journal  by  either  the  volume  label  or  UUID  stored  in  the ext2
                          superblock at the start of the journal.  Use dumpe2fs(8) to  display  a
                          journal  device's  volume  label  and  UUID.  See also the -L option of
                          tune2fs(8).

              Only one of the size or device options can be given for a filesystem.

       -l     List the contents of the filesystem superblock, including the current values of the
              parameters that can be set via this program.

       -L volume-label
              Set  the  volume label of the filesystem.  Ext2 filesystem labels can be at most 16
              characters long; if  volume-label  is  longer  than  16  characters,  tune2fs  will
              truncate  it  and  print  a  warning.   The  volume  label can be used by mount(8),
              fsck(8), and /etc/fstab(5) (and possibly others) by  specifying  LABEL=volume-label
              instead of a block special device name like /dev/hda5.

       -m reserved-blocks-percentage
              Set  the  percentage  of  the  filesystem which may only be allocated by privileged
              processes.   Reserving some number of  filesystem  blocks  for  use  by  privileged
              processes  is  done to avoid filesystem fragmentation, and to allow system daemons,
              such  as  syslogd(8),  to  continue  to  function  correctly  after  non-privileged
              processes  are  prevented  from  writing  to the filesystem.  Normally, the default
              percentage of reserved blocks is 5%.

       -M last-mounted-directory
              Set the last-mounted directory for the filesystem.

       -o [^]mount-option[,...]
              Set or clear the indicated default mount options in the filesystem.  Default  mount
              options  can be overridden by mount options specified either in /etc/fstab(5) or on
              the command line arguments  to  mount(8).   Older  kernels  may  not  support  this
              feature;  in  particular, kernels which predate 2.4.20 will almost certainly ignore
              the default mount options field in the superblock.

              More than one mount option can be  cleared  or  set  by  separating  features  with
              commas.  Mount options prefixed with a caret character ('^') will be cleared in the
              filesystem's superblock; mount options without a prefix character or prefixed  with
              a plus character ('+') will be added to the filesystem.

              The following mount options can be set or cleared using tune2fs:

                   debug  Enable debugging code for this filesystem.

                   bsdgroups
                          Emulate BSD behavior when creating new files: they will take the group-
                          id of the directory in which they were created.  The standard System  V
                          behavior is the default, where newly created files take on the fsgid of
                          the current process, unless the directory has the setgid  bit  set,  in
                          which  case  it  takes the gid from the parent directory, and also gets
                          the setgid bit set if it is a directory itself.

                   user_xattr
                          Enable user-specified extended attributes.

                   acl    Enable Posix Access Control Lists.

                   uid16  Disables 32-bit UIDs and GIDs.  This is for interoperability with older
                          kernels which only store and expect 16-bit values.

                   journal_data
                          When  the filesystem is mounted with journalling enabled, all data (not
                          just metadata) is committed into the journal  prior  to  being  written
                          into the main filesystem.

                   journal_data_ordered
                          When  the  filesystem  is mounted with journalling enabled, all data is
                          forced directly out to the main file system prior to its metadata being
                          committed to the journal.

                   journal_data_writeback
                          When  the  filesystem  is mounted with journalling enabled, data may be
                          written into the main filesystem after its metadata has been  committed
                          to  the  journal.   This may increase throughput, however, it may allow
                          old data to appear in files after a crash and journal recovery.

                   nobarrier
                          The file system will be mounted with barrier operations in the  journal
                          disabled.   (This  option  is currently only supported by the ext4 file
                          system driver in 2.6.35+ kernels.)

                   block_validity
                          The file system will be mounted with the block_validity option enabled,
                          which causes extra checks to be performed after reading or writing from
                          the file system.  This prevents corrupted metadata blocks from  causing
                          file  system  damage  by  overwriting parts of the inode table or block
                          group descriptors.  This comes at the cost of increased memory and  CPU
                          overhead,  so  it is enabled only for debugging purposes.  (This option
                          is currently only supported by the ext4 file system driver  in  2.6.35+
                          kernels.)

                   discard
                          The  file  system  will be mounted with the discard mount option.  This
                          will cause the file system driver to attempt to  use  the  trim/discard
                          feature  of  some  storage  devices (such as SSD's and thin-provisioned
                          drives available in some  enterprise  storage  arrays)  to  inform  the
                          storage device that blocks belonging to deleted files can be reused for
                          other purposes.  (This option is currently only supported by  the  ext4
                          file system driver in 2.6.35+ kernels.)

                   nodelalloc
                          The file system will be mounted with the nodelalloc mount option.  This
                          will disable the delayed allocation feature.  (This option is currently
                          only supported by the ext4 file system driver in 2.6.35+ kernels.)

       -O [^]feature[,...]
              Set  or  clear the indicated filesystem features (options) in the filesystem.  More
              than one filesystem feature can be cleared  or  set  by  separating  features  with
              commas.   Filesystem features prefixed with a caret character ('^') will be cleared
              in the filesystem's superblock; filesystem features without a prefix  character  or
              prefixed  with  a  plus  character  ('+')  will  be added to the filesystem.  For a
              detailed description of the file system features, please see the man page ext4(5).

              The following filesystem features can be set or cleared using tune2fs:

                   64bit  Enable the file system to be larger than 2^32 blocks.

                   dir_index
                          Use hashed b-trees to speed up lookups for large directories.

                   dir_nlink
                          Allow more than 65000 subdirectories per directory.

                   ea_inode
                          Allow the value of each extended attribute to be  placed  in  the  data
                          blocks  of  a  separate inode if necessary, increasing the limit on the
                          size and number of extended attributes  per  file.   Tune2fs  currently
                          only supports setting this filesystem feature.

                   encrypt
                          Enable  support  for  file  system level encryption.  Tune2fs currently
                          only supports setting this filesystem feature.

                   extent Enable the use of extent trees to store the location of data blocks  in
                          inodes.   Tune2fs  currently  only  supports  setting  this  filesystem
                          feature.

                   extra_isize
                          Enable the extended inode fields used by ext4.

                   filetype
                          Store file type information in directory entries.

                   flex_bg
                          Allow bitmaps and inode tables for a block group to be placed  anywhere
                          on  the storage media.  Tune2fs will not reorganize the location of the
                          inode tables and allocation bitmaps,  as  mke2fs(8)  will  do  when  it
                          creates a freshly formatted file system with flex_bg enabled.

                   has_journal
                          Use  a  journal  to  ensure  filesystem consistency even across unclean
                          shutdowns.  Setting the filesystem feature is equivalent to  using  the
                          -j option.

                   large_dir
                          Increase  the  limit  on  the  number  of files per directory.  Tune2fs
                          currently only supports setting this filesystem feature.

                   huge_file
                          Support files larger than 2 terabytes in size.

                   large_file
                          Filesystem can contain files that are greater than 2GB.

                   metadata_csum
                          Store a checksum to protect the contents in each metadata block.

                   metadata_csum_seed
                          Allow the filesystem  to  store  the  metadata  checksum  seed  in  the
                          superblock,  enabling  the  administrator  to  change  the  UUID  of  a
                          filesystem using the metadata_csum feature while it is mounted.

                   mmp    Enable or disable multiple mount protection (MMP) feature.

                   project
                          Enable project ID tracking.  This is used for project quota tracking.

                   quota  Enable internal file system quota inodes.

                   read-only
                          Force the kernel to mount the file system read-only.

                   resize_inode
                          Reserve space so the block group  descriptor  table  may  grow  in  the
                          future.  Tune2fs only supports clearing this filesystem feature.

                   sparse_super
                          Limit  the  number  of  backup  superblocks  to  save  space  on  large
                          filesystems.  Tune2fs currently only supports setting  this  filesystem
                          feature.

                   uninit_bg
                          Allow  the kernel to initialize bitmaps and inode tables lazily, and to
                          keep a high watermark for the unused inodes in a filesystem, to  reduce
                          e2fsck(8)  time.  The first e2fsck run after enabling this feature will
                          take the full time,  but  subsequent  e2fsck  runs  will  take  only  a
                          fraction  of  the  original time, depending on how full the file system
                          is.

                   verity Enable support for verity  protected  files.   Tune2fs  currently  only
                          supports setting this filesystem feature.

              After  setting  or  clearing  sparse_super,  uninit_bg,  filetype,  or resize_inode
              filesystem features, the file system may require being checked using  e2fsck(8)  to
              return  the  filesystem  to  a  consistent  state.   Tune2fs  will  print a message
              requesting that the system administrator run e2fsck(8) if necessary.  After setting
              the  dir_index feature, e2fsck -D can be run to convert existing directories to the
              hashed B-tree  format.   Enabling  certain  filesystem  features  may  prevent  the
              filesystem  from  being mounted by kernels which do not support those features.  In
              particular, the uninit_bg and flex_bg features  are  only  supported  by  the  ext4
              filesystem.

       -r reserved-blocks-count
              Set the number of reserved filesystem blocks.

       -Q quota-options
              Sets  'quota'  feature on the superblock and works on the quota files for the given
              quota type. Quota options could be one or more of the following:

                   [^]usrquota
                          Sets/clears user quota inode in the superblock.

                   [^]grpquota
                          Sets/clears group quota inode in the superblock.

                   [^]prjquota
                          Sets/clears project quota inode in the superblock.

       -T time-last-checked
              Set the time the filesystem was last checked using e2fsck.  The time is interpreted
              using  the  current  (local)  timezone.   This can be useful in scripts which use a
              Logical Volume Manager to make a consistent snapshot  of  a  filesystem,  and  then
              check  the filesystem during off hours to make sure it hasn't been corrupted due to
              hardware problems, etc.  If the filesystem was clean, then this option can be  used
              to  set the last checked time on the original filesystem.  The format of time-last-
              checked is the international date format, with an  optional  time  specifier,  i.e.
              YYYYMMDD[HH[MM[SS]]].    The  keyword  now is also accepted, in which case the last
              checked time will be set to the current time.

       -u user
              Set the user who can use the reserved filesystem blocks.  user can be  a  numerical
              uid  or  a  user name.  If a user name is given, it is converted to a numerical uid
              before it is stored in the superblock.

       -U UUID
              Set the universally unique identifier (UUID) of the filesystem to UUID.  The format
              of  the  UUID  is  a  series  of  hex  digits  separated  by  hyphens,  like  this:
              "c1b9d5a2-f162-11cf-9ece-0020afc76f16".  The UUID parameter may also be one of  the
              following:

                   clear  clear the filesystem UUID

                   random generate a new randomly-generated UUID

                   time   generate a new time-based UUID

              The  UUID may be used by mount(8), fsck(8), and /etc/fstab(5) (and possibly others)
              by specifying UUID=uuid instead of a block special device name like /dev/hda1.

              See uuidgen(8) for more information.  If the system does not  have  a  good  random
              number  generator  such  as /dev/random or /dev/urandom, tune2fs will automatically
              use a time-based UUID instead of a randomly-generated UUID.

       -z undo_file
              Before overwriting a file system block, write the old contents of the block  to  an
              undo  file.   This undo file can be used with e2undo(8) to restore the old contents
              of the file system should something go wrong.  If the empty string is passed as the
              undo_file  argument,  the  undo  file  will  be  written  to  a file named tune2fs-
              device.e2undo in the directory specified  via  the  E2FSPROGS_UNDO_DIR  environment
              variable.

              WARNING: The undo file cannot be used to recover from a power or system crash.

BUGS

       We haven't found any bugs yet.  That doesn't mean there aren't any...

AUTHOR

       tune2fs  was written by Remy Card <Remy.Card@linux.org>.  It is currently being maintained
       by Theodore Ts'o  <tytso@alum.mit.edu>.   tune2fs  uses  the  ext2fs  library  written  by
       Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>.  This manual page was written by Christian Kuhtz <chk@data-
       hh.Hanse.DE>.  Time-dependent checking was added by Uwe Ohse <uwe@tirka.gun.de>.

AVAILABILITY

       tune2fs   is   part    of    the    e2fsprogs    package    and    is    available    from
       http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net.

SEE ALSO

       debugfs(8), dumpe2fs(8), e2fsck(8), mke2fs(8), ext4(5)