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NAME
core - core dump file
DESCRIPTION
The default action of certain signals is to cause a process to
terminate and produce a core dump file, a disk file containing an image
of the process’s memory at the time of termination. A list of the
signals which cause a process to dump core can be found in signal(7).
A process can set its soft RLIMIT_CORE resource limit to place an upper
limit on the size of the core dump file that will be produced if it
receives a "core dump" signal; see getrlimit(2) for details.
There are various circumstances in which a core dump file is not
produced:
* The process does not have permission to write the core file. (By
default the core file is called core, and is created in the current
working directory. See below for details on naming.) Writing the
core file will fail if the directory in which it is to be created is
non-writable, or if a file with the same name exists and is not
writable or is not a regular file (e.g., it is a directory or a
symbolic link).
* A (writable, regular) file with the same name as would be used for
the core dump already exists, but there is more than one hard link
to that file.
* The file system where the core dump file would be created is full;
or has run out of inodes; or is mounted read only; or the user has
reached their quota for the file system.
* The directory in which the core dump file is to be created does not
exist.
* RLIMIT_CORE or RLIMIT_FSIZE resource limits for a process are set to
zero (see getrlimit(2)).
* The binary being executed by the process does not have read
permission enabled.
* The process is executing a set-user-ID (set-group-ID) program that
is owned by a user (group) other than the real user (group) ID of
the process. (However, see the description of the prctl(2)
PR_SET_DUMPABLE operation, and the description of the
/proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable file in proc(5).)
Naming of core dump files
By default, a core dump file is named core, but the
/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern file (since Linux 2.6 and 2.4.21) can be
set to define a template that is used to name core dump files. The
template can contain % specifiers which are substituted by the
following values when a core file is created:
%% A single % character
%p PID of dumped process
%u real UID of dumped process
%g real GID of dumped process
%s number of signal causing dump
%t time of dump (seconds since 0:00h, 1 Jan 1970)
%h hostname (same as ’nodename’ returned by uname(2))
%e executable filename
A single % at the end of the template is dropped from the core
filename, as is the combination of a % followed by any character other
than those listed above. All other characters in the template become a
literal part of the core filename. The template may include ’/’
characters, which are interpreted as delimiters for directory names.
The maximum size of the resulting core filename is 64 bytes. The
default value in this file is "core". For backward compatibility, if
/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern does not include "%p" and
/proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid (see below) is nonzero, then .PID will
be appended to the core filename.
Since version 2.4, Linux has also provided a more primitive method of
controlling the name of the core dump file. If the
/proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid file contains the value 0, then a core
dump file is simply named core. If this file contains a nonzero value,
then the core dump file includes the process ID in a name of the form
core.PID.
NOTES
The gdb(1) gcore command can be used to obtain a core dump of a running
process.
If a multithreaded process (or, more precisely, a process that shares
its memory with another process by being created with the CLONE_VM flag
of clone(2)) dumps core, then the process ID is always appended to the
core filename, unless the process ID was already included elsewhere in
the filename via a %p specification in /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern.
(This is primarily useful when employing the LinuxThreads
implementation, where each thread of a process has a different PID.)
SEE ALSO
gdb(1), getrlimit(2), prctl(2), sigaction(2), elf(5), proc(5),
pthreads(7), signal(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 2.77 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.