Provided by:
openswan_2.4.9+dfsg-1build1_i386 
NAME
ipsec manual - take manually-keyed IPsec connections up and down
SYNOPSIS
ipsec manual [--show] [--showonly] [--other] [--iam address@interface]
[--config configfile] operation
ipsec manual [options] --union operation_part...
DESCRIPTION
Manual manipulates manually-keyed Openswan IPsec connections, setting
them up and shutting them down, based on the information in the IPsec
configuration file. Normally, manually keyed connections should not be
used - automatic keying connections In the normal usage, connection is
the name of a connection specification in the configuration file;
operation is --up, --down, --route, or --unroute. Manual generates
setup (--route or --up) or teardown (--down or --unroute) commands for
the connection and feeds them to a shell for execution.
The --up operation brings the specified connection up, including
establishing a suitable route for it if necessary.
The --route operation just establishes the route for a connection.
Unless and until an --up operation is done, packets routed by that
route will simply be discarded.
The --down operation tears the specified connection down, except that
it leaves the route in place. Unless and until an --unroute operation
is done, packets routed by that route will simply be discarded. This
permits establishing another connection to the same destination without
any â
The --unroute operation (and only the --unroute operation) deletes any
route established for a connection.
In the --union usage, each part is the name of a partial connection
specification in the configuration file, and the union of all the
partial specifications is the connection specification used. The effect
is as if the contents of the partial specifications were concatenated
together; restrictions on duplicate parameters, etc., do apply to the
result. (The same effect can now be had, more gracefully, using the
also parameter in connection descriptions; see ipsec.conf(5) for
details.)
The --show option turns on the -x option of the shell used to execute
the commands, so each command is shown as it is executed.
The --showonly option causes manual to show the commands it would run,
on standard output, and not run them.
The --other option causes manual to pretend it is the other end of the
connection. This is probably not useful except in combination with
--showonly.
The --iam option causes manual to believe it is running on the host
with the specified IP address, and that it should use the specified
interface (normally it determines all this automatically, based on what
IPsec interfaces are up and how they are configured).
The --config option specifies a non-standard location for the
/etc/ipsec.conf) file.
See ipsec.conf(5) for details of the configuration file. Apart from the
basic parameters which specify the endpoints and routing of a
connection (left and right, plus possibly leftsubnet, leftnexthop,
leftfirewall, their right equivalents, and perhaps type), a
non-passthrough manual connection needs an spi or spibase parameter
and some parameters specifying encryption, authentication, or both,
most simply esp, espenckey, and espauthkey. Moderately-secure keys can
be obtained from ipsec_ranbits(8). For production use of manually-keyed
connections, it is strongly recommended that the keys be kept in a
separate file (with permissions rw-------) using the include and also
facilities of the configuration file (see ipsec.conf(5)).
If an spi parameter is given, manual uses that value as the SPI number
for all the SAs (which are in separate number spaces anyway). If an
spibase parameter is given instead, manual assigns SPI values by
altering the bottom digit of that value; SAs going from left to right
get even digits starting at 0, SAs going from right to left get odd
digits starting at 1. Either way, it is suggested that manually-keyed
connections use three-digit SPIs with the first digit non-zero, i.e. in
the range 0x100 through 0xfff; Openswan reserves those for manual
keying and will not attempt to use them for automatic keying (unless
requested to, presumably by a non-Openswan other end).
FILES
/etc/ipsec.conf default IPsec configuration file
/var/run/pluto/ipsec.info%defaultroute information
SEE ALSO
ipsec(8), ipsec.conf(5), ipsec_spi(8), ipsec_eroute(8),
ipsec_spigrp(8), route(8)
HISTORY
Written for the FreeS/WAN project <http://www.freeswan.org/:
http://www.freeswan.org/> by Henry Spencer.
BUGS
It’s not nearly as generous about the syntax of subnets, addresses,
etc. as the usual FreeS/WAN user interfaces. Four-component
dotted-decimal must be used for all addresses. It is smart enough to
translate bit-count netmasks to dotted-decimal form.
If the connection specification for a connection is changed between an
--up and the ensuing --down, chaos may ensue.
The --up operation is not smart enough to notice whether the connection
is already up.
Manual is not smart enough to reject insecure combinations of
algorithms, e.g. encryption with no authentication at all.
Any non-IPsec route to the other end which is replaced by the --up or
--route operation will not be re-established by --unroute. Whether this
is a feature or a bug depends on your viewpoint.
The optional parameters which override the automatic spibase-based SPI
assignment are a messy area of the code and bugs are likely.
Road warriorâ handling, and other special forms of setup which require negotiation between the two security gateways, inherently cannot be done with manual.
â
Manual generally lags behind auto in support of various features, even
when implementation would be possible. For example, currently it does
not do IPComp content compression.
IPSEC_MANUAL(8)