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apt-get - APT software pakketen gereedschap -- opdrachtregel interface
OVERZICHT
apt-get [opties] [opdracht] [pakket ...]
BESCHRIJVING
apt-get Is het opdracht-regel gereedschap voor het omgaan met software
pakketen, en het kan gezien worden als het gebruiker’s "achtereinde"
voor apt(8).
opdracht is één van:
o update
{nl: bijwerken}
o upgrade
{opwaarderen}
o dselect-upgrade
{‘dselect’-opwaarderen}
o dist-upgrade
{distributie opwaarderen}
o install pakket1 [pakket2] [...]
{installeren}
o remove pakket1 [pakket2] [...]
{verwijderen}
o source pakket1 [pakket2] [...]
{bron}
o check
{test}
o clean
{schoonmaken}
o autoclean
{auto schoonmaken}
Tenzij de -h, of --help optie werd gegeven moet één van de bovenstaande
opdrachten aanwezig zijn.
update {bijwerken} update wordt gebruikt om het overzicht van de
pakket-bestanden in overeenstemming te brengen van hun bronnen.
De overzichten van beschikbare pakketen worden opgehaald van de
locatie(s) die zijn opgegeven in /etc/apt/sources.list. {zie
sources.list(5)} Bijvoorbeeld, bij het gebruik van een Debian
archief haalt deze opdracht de Packages.gz bestanden op, en
onderzoekt ze, zodat de informatie over nieuwe en bijgewerkte
pakketten beschikbaar komt {voor het systeem}. Een update
{‘bijwerken’} moet altijd uitgevoerd worden vóór een upgrade
{‘opwaardering’}. Wees erop verdacht dat de algemene voortgangs-
meter niet correct zal zijn omdat de grootte van de pakket
bestanden niet van te voren bekend kan zijn.
upgrade
{opwaarderen} upgrade wordt gebruikt om alle momenteel
geïnstalleerde pakketten naar hun nieuwste versies op te
waarderen. Dit wordt gedaan vanaf de bronnen die in
/etc/apt/sources.list worden genoemd. Voor de pakketten
waarvoor nieuwe versies beschikbaar zijn worden de nieuwe
versies opgehaald en geïnstalleerd. Als het opwaarderen van een
pakket vereist dat de installatie status van een ander pakket
moet veranderen dan wordt het pakket niet opgewaardeerd, zodat
het andere pakket niet wordt aangetast. Een ‘update’ moet éérst
uitgevoerd worden, zodat apt-get weet dat weer nieuwe versies
van pakketten voorhanden zijn.
dselect-upgrade
----vertaalt-tot-hier...---- dselect-upgrade is used in
conjunction with the traditional Debian GNU/Linux packaging
front-end, dselect (8). dselect-upgrade follows the changes made
by dselect to the Status field of available packages, and
performs the actions necessary to realize that state (for
instance, the removal of old and the installation of new
packages).
dist-upgrade
dist-upgrade,in addition to performing the function of upgrade,
also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new
versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution
system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important
packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The
/etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from
which to retrieve desired package files.
install
install is followed by one or more packages desired for
installation. Each package is a package name, not a fully
qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system,
ldso would be the argument provided, not ldso_1.9.6-2.deb). All
packages required by the package(s) specified for installation
will also be retrieved and installed. The /etc/apt/sources.list
file is used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is
appended to the package name (with no intervening space), the
identified package will be removed if it is installed. This
latter feature may be used to override decisions made by apt-
get´s conflict resolution system.
If no package matches the given expression and the expression
contains one of ´.´, ´?´ or ´*´ then it is assumed to be a POSIX
regex and it is applied to all package names in the database.
Any matches are then installed (or removed). Note that matching
is done by substring so ´lo*´ matches ´how-lo´ and ´lowest´. If
this is undesired prefix with a ´^´ character.
remove remove is identical to install except that packages are removed
instead of installed. If a plus sign is appended to the package
name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be
installed.
source source causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT will examine
the available packages to decide which source package to fetch.
It will then find and download into the current directory the
newest available version of that source package. Source packages
are tracked separately from binary packages via deb-src type
lines in the /etc/apt/sources.list file. This probably will
mean that you will not get the same source as the package you
have installed or as you could install. If the --compile options
is specified then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb
using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is specified then
the source package will not be unpacked.
Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages,
they exist only in the current directory and are similar to
downloading source tar balls.
check check is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and
checks for broken packages.
clean clean clears out the local repository of retrieved package
files. It removes everything but the lock file from
/var/cache/apt/archives/ and /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/.
When APT is used as a dselect(8) method, clean is run
automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely want to
run apt-get clean from time to time to free up disk space.
autoclean
Like clean, autoclean clears out the local repository of
retrieved package files. The difference is that it only removes
package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely
useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period
without it growing out of control.
OPTIONS
All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the
descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean
options you can override the config file by using something like -f-,
--no-f, -f=no or several other variations.
-d, --download-only
Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or
installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download-Only.
-f, --fix-broken
Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in
place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any
packages to permit APT to deduce a likely soltion. Any Package
that are specified must completly correct the problem. The
option is sometimes necessary when running APT for the first
time; APT itself does not allow broken package dependencies to
exist on a system. It is possible that a system´s dependency
structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention
(which usually means using dselect or dpkg --remove to eliminate
some of the offending packages). Use of this option together
with -m may produce an error in some situations. Configuration
Item: APT::Get::Fix-Broken.
-h, --help
Help; display a helpful usage message and exits.
-v, --version
Show the program version.
-m, --ignore-missing, --fix-missing
Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail
the integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files),
hold back those packages and handle the result. Use of this
option together with -f may produce an error in some situations.
If a package is selected for installation (particularly if it is
mentioned on the command line) and it could not be downloaded
then it will be silently held back. Configuration Item:
APT::Get::ignore-missing.
--no-download
Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with
--ignore-missing to force APT to use only the .debs it has
already downloaded. Configuration Item: APT::Get::No-Download.
-q, --quiet
Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress
indicators. More q´s will produce more quiet up to a maximum of
2. You can also use -q=# to set the quiet level, overriding the
configuration file. Note that quiet level 2 implies -y, you
should never use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d,
--print-uris or -s as APT may decided to do something you did
not expect. Configuration Item: quiet
-s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act
No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but
do not actually change the system. Configuration Item:
APT::Get::Simulate.
Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a
dpkg operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst).
Square brackets indicate broken packages with and empty set of
square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence
(rare).
-y, --yes, --assume-yes
Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts
and run non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as
changing a held package or removing an essential package occurs
then apt-get will abort. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-
Yes.
-u, --show-upgraded
Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that
are to be upgraded. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Show-Upgraded.
-b, --compile, --build
Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration
Item: APT::Get::Compile.
--ignore-hold
Ignore package Holds; This causes apt-get to ignore a hold
placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with
dist-upgrade to override a large number of undesired holds.
Configuration Item: APT::Ignore-Hold.
--no-upgrade
Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with install
no-upgrade will prevent packages listed from being upgraded if
they are already installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::no-
upgrade.
--force-yes
Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to
continue without prompting if it is doing something potentially
harmful. It should not be used except in very special
situations. Using force-yes can potentially destroy your system!
Configuration Item: APT::Get::force-yes.
--print-uris
Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed.
Each URI will have the path, the destination file name, the size
and the expected md5 hash. Note that the file name to write to
will not always match the file name on the remote site! This
also works with the source command. Configuration Item:
APT::Get::Print-URIs.
--purge
Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed.
Configuration Item: APT::Get::Purge.
--reinstall
Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest
version.
--list-cleanup
This option defaults to on, use --no-list-cleanup to turn it
off. When on apt-get will automatically manage the contents of
/var/state/apt/lists to ensure that obsolete files are erased.
The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your
source list. Configuration Item: APT::Get::List-Cleanup
--trivial-only
Only perform operations are ´trivial´. Logically this can be
considered related to --assume-yes, where --assume-yes will
answer yes to any prompt, --trivial-only will answer no.
Configuration Item: APT::Get::Trivial-Only
--no-remove
If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts
without prompting. Configuration Item: APT::Get::No-Remove
--diff-only, --tar-only
Download only the diff or tar file of a source archive.
Configuration Item: APT::Get::Diff-Only
-c, --config-file
Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. apt-get
will read the default configuration file and then this
configuration file. See apt.conf(5) for syntax information.
-o, --option
Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary
configuration option. The syntax is
-o Foo::Bar=bar
FILES
o /etc/apt/sources.list locations to fetch packages from
o /var/cache/apt/archives/ storage area for retrieved package
files
o /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/ storage area for package files
in transit
o /var/state/apt/lists/ storage area for state information for
each package resource specified in the source list
o /var/state/apt/lists/partial/ storage area for state information
in transit
SEE ALSO
apt-cache(8), dpkg(8), dselect(8), sources.list(5), apt.conf(5), The
APT Users Guide in /usr/share/doc/apt/
DIAGNOSTICS
apt-get returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.
BUGS
See http://bugs.debian.org/apt. If you wish to report a bug in apt-
get, please see /usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt or the
reportbug(1) command.
AUTHOR
apt-get was written by the APT team <apt@packages.debian.org>.
VERTALING
Alles wat tussen ‘{’..‘}’ staat is aanvullende vertaling, en hoort niet
bij de originele handleiding. Deze handleiding van apt-get 3.19 werd
vertaald door JHBoersema. Email naar <manpages-nl@nl.linux.org>.
$Id: apt-get.8,v 1.1.1.1 2004/03/21 21:02:25 cor Exp $