Provided by: rclone_1.53.3-4ubuntu1.22.04.2_amd64 bug

NAME

       Rclone - syncs your files to cloud storage

DESCRIPTION

       • About rclone

       • What can rclone do for you?

       • What features does rclone have?

       • What providers does rclone support?

       • Download (https://rclone.org/downloads/)

       • Install (https://rclone.org/install/)

       • Donate. (https://rclone.org/donate/)

   About rclone
       Rclone  is  a command line program to manage files on cloud storage.  It is a feature rich
       alternative to cloud vendors’ web storage interfaces.   Over  40  cloud  storage  products
       support  rclone  including S3 object stores, business & consumer file storage services, as
       well as standard transfer protocols.

       Rclone has powerful cloud equivalents to the unix commands rsync, cp, mv, mount, ls, ncdu,
       tree,  rm,  and cat.  Rclone’s familiar syntax includes shell pipeline support, and --dry-
       run protection.  It is used at the command line, in scripts or via its API.

       Users  call  rclone  “The  Swiss  army  knife   of   cloud   storage”,   and   “Technology
       indistinguishable from magic”.

       Rclone  really  looks  after your data.  It preserves timestamps and verifies checksums at
       all times.  Transfers over limited bandwidth;  intermittent  connections,  or  subject  to
       quota   can   be   restarted,  from  the  last  good  file  transferred.   You  can  check
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_check/) the integrity of your files.  Where  possible,
       rclone  employs  server  side transfers to minimise local bandwidth use and transfers from
       one provider to another without using local disk.

       Virtual   backends   wrap   local   and   cloud   file   systems   to   apply   encryption
       (https://rclone.org/crypt/),       caching      (https://rclone.org/cache/),      chunking
       (https://rclone.org/chunker/) and joining (https://rclone.org/union/).

       Rclone mounts (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/)  any  local,  cloud  or  virtual
       filesystem as a disk on Windows, macOS, linux and FreeBSD, and also serves these over SFTP
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_sftp/),                                     HTTP
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_http/),                                   WebDAV
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_webdav/),                                    FTP
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_ftp/)                  and                  DLNA
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_dlna/).

       Rclone is mature, open source software originally inspired by  rsync  and  written  in  Go
       (https://golang.org).   The friendly support community are familiar with varied use cases.
       Official Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Brew and Chocolatey  repos.   include  rclone.   For  the
       latest version downloading from rclone.org (https://rclone.org/downloads/) is recommended.

       Rclone is widely used on Linux, Windows and Mac.  Third party developers create innovative
       backup, restore, GUI and business process solutions using the rclone command line or API.

       Rclone does the heavy lifting of communicating with cloud storage.

   What can rclone do for you?
       Rclone helps you:

       • Backup (and encrypt) files to cloud storage

       • Restore (and decrypt) files from cloud storage

       • Mirror cloud data to other cloud services or locally

       • Migrate data to cloud, or between cloud storage vendors

       • Mount multiple, encrypted, cached or diverse cloud storage as a disk

       • Analyse   and   account    for    data    held    on    cloud    storage    using    lsf
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_lsf/),                                         ljson
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_lsjson/),                                       size
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_size/),                                         ncdu
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_ncdu/)

       • Union (https://rclone.org/union/) file systems together to present multiple local and/or
         cloud file systems as one

   Features
       • Transfers

         • MD5, SHA1 hashes are checked at all times for file integrity

         • Timestamps are preserved on files

         • Operations can be restarted at any time

         • Can be to and from network, eg two different cloud providers

         • Can use multi-threaded downloads to local disk

       • Copy (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copy/) new or changed files to cloud storage

       • Sync (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/) (one way) to make a directory identical

       • Move  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_move/)  files  to  cloud  storage deleting the
         local after verification

       • Check (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_check/) hashes and for missing/extra files

       • Mount (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/) your cloud storage as a network disk

       • Serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  local  or  remote  files  over  HTTP
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_http/)/WebDav
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_webdav/)/FTP
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_ftp/)/SFTP
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_sftp/)/dlna
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_dlna/)

       • Experimental Web based GUI (https://rclone.org/gui/)

   Supported providers
       (There are many others, built on standard protocols such as WebDAV or S3, that work out of
       the box.)

       • 1Fichier

       • Alibaba Cloud (Aliyun) Object Storage System (OSS)

       • Amazon Drive

       • Amazon S3

       • Backblaze B2

       • Box

       • Ceph

       • Citrix ShareFile

       • C14

       • DigitalOcean Spaces

       • Dreamhost

       • Dropbox

       • FTP

       • Google Cloud Storage

       • Google Drive

       • Google Photos

       • HTTP

       • Hubic

       • Jottacloud

       • IBM COS S3

       • Koofr

       • Mail.ru Cloud

       • Memset Memstore

       • Mega

       • Memory

       • Microsoft Azure Blob Storage

       • Microsoft OneDrive

       • Minio

       • Nextcloud

       • OVH

       • OpenDrive

       • OpenStack Swift

       • Oracle Cloud Storage

       • ownCloud

       • pCloud

       • premiumize.me

       • put.io

       • QingStor

       • Rackspace Cloud Files

       • rsync.net

       • Scaleway

       • Seafile

       • SFTP

       • StackPath

       • SugarSync

       • Tardigrade

       • Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS)

       • Wasabi

       • WebDAV

       • Yandex Disk

       • The local filesystem

       Links

       • Home page (https://rclone.org/)

       • GitHub project page for source and bug tracker (https://github.com/rclone/rclone)

       • Rclone Forum (https://forum.rclone.org)

       • Downloads (https://rclone.org/downloads/)

   Configure
       First, you’ll need to  configure  rclone.   As  the  object  storage  systems  have  quite
       complicated  authentication  these are kept in a config file.  (See the --config entry for
       how to find the config file and choose its location.)

       The easiest way to make the config is to run rclone with the config option:

              rclone config

       See the following for detailed instructions for

       • 1Fichier (https://rclone.org/fichier/)

       • Alias (https://rclone.org/alias/)

       • Amazon Drive (https://rclone.org/amazonclouddrive/)

       • Amazon S3 (https://rclone.org/s3/)

       • Backblaze B2 (https://rclone.org/b2/)

       • Box (https://rclone.org/box/)

       • Cache (https://rclone.org/cache/)

       • Chunker (https://rclone.org/chunker/) -  transparently  splits  large  files  for  other
         remotes

       • Citrix ShareFile (https://rclone.org/sharefile/)

       • Crypt (https://rclone.org/crypt/) - to encrypt other remotes

       • DigitalOcean Spaces (https://rclone.org/s3/#digitalocean-spaces)

       • Dropbox (https://rclone.org/dropbox/)

       • FTP (https://rclone.org/ftp/)

       • Google Cloud Storage (https://rclone.org/googlecloudstorage/)

       • Google Drive (https://rclone.org/drive/)

       • Google Photos (https://rclone.org/googlephotos/)

       • HTTP (https://rclone.org/http/)

       • Hubic (https://rclone.org/hubic/)

       • Jottacloud / GetSky.no (https://rclone.org/jottacloud/)

       • Koofr (https://rclone.org/koofr/)

       • Mail.ru Cloud (https://rclone.org/mailru/)

       • Mega (https://rclone.org/mega/)

       • Memory (https://rclone.org/memory/)

       • Microsoft Azure Blob Storage (https://rclone.org/azureblob/)

       • Microsoft OneDrive (https://rclone.org/onedrive/)

       • OpenStack Swift / Rackspace Cloudfiles / Memset Memstore (https://rclone.org/swift/)

       • OpenDrive (https://rclone.org/opendrive/)

       • Pcloud (https://rclone.org/pcloud/)

       • premiumize.me (https://rclone.org/premiumizeme/)

       • put.io (https://rclone.org/putio/)

       • QingStor (https://rclone.org/qingstor/)

       • Seafile (https://rclone.org/seafile/)

       • SFTP (https://rclone.org/sftp/)

       • SugarSync (https://rclone.org/sugarsync/)

       • Tardigrade (https://rclone.org/tardigrade/)

       • Union (https://rclone.org/union/)

       • WebDAV (https://rclone.org/webdav/)

       • Yandex Disk (https://rclone.org/yandex/)

       • The local filesystem (https://rclone.org/local/)

   Usage
       Rclone syncs a directory tree from one storage system to another.

       Its syntax is like this

              Syntax: [options] subcommand <parameters> <parameters...>

       Source  and destination paths are specified by the name you gave the storage system in the
       config file then the sub path, eg “drive:myfolder” to look at “myfolder” in Google drive.

       You can define as many storage paths as you like in the config file.

       Please use the -i / --interactive flag while learning  rclone  to  avoid  accidental  data
       loss.

   Subcommands
       rclone uses a system of subcommands.  For example

              rclone ls remote:path # lists a remote
              rclone copy /local/path remote:path # copies /local/path to the remote
              rclone sync -i /local/path remote:path # syncs /local/path to the remote

rclone config

       Enter an interactive configuration session.

   Synopsis
       Enter  an  interactive  configuration  session  where you can setup new remotes and manage
       existing ones.  You may also set or remove a password to protect your configuration.

              rclone config [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for config

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

       • rclone  config create (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_create/) - Create a new
         remote with name, type and options.

       • rclone config delete  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_delete/)  -  Delete  an
         existing remote name.

       • rclone   config   disconnect  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_disconnect/)  -
         Disconnects user from remote

       • rclone config dump (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_dump/) - Dump  the  config
         file as JSON.

       • rclone   config   edit   (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_edit/)  -  Enter  an
         interactive configuration session.

       • rclone config file  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_file/)  -  Show  path  of
         configuration file in use.

       • rclone  config  password  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_password/) - Update
         password in an existing remote.

       • rclone config providers (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_providers/) - List in
         JSON format all the providers and options.

       • rclone  config  reconnect  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_reconnect/)  - Re-
         authenticates user with remote.

       • rclone config show (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_show/) - Print (decrypted)
         config file, or the config for a single remote.

       • rclone   config   update  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_update/)  -  Update
         options in an existing remote.

       • rclone config userinfo  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_userinfo/)  -  Prints
         info about logged in user of remote.

rclone copy

       Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied.

   Synopsis
       Copy the source to the destination.  Doesn’t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and
       modification time or MD5SUM.  Doesn’t delete files from the destination.

       Note that it is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not the directory  so
       when source:path is a directory, it’s the contents of source:path that are copied, not the
       directory name and contents.

       If dest:path doesn’t exist, it is created and the source:path contents go there.

       For example

              rclone copy source:sourcepath dest:destpath

       Let’s say there are two files in sourcepath

              sourcepath/one.txt
              sourcepath/two.txt

       This copies them to

              destpath/one.txt
              destpath/two.txt

       Not to

              destpath/sourcepath/one.txt
              destpath/sourcepath/two.txt

       If you are familiar with rsync, rclone always works as if you had written a trailing  /  -
       meaning  “copy  the contents of this directory”.  This applies to all commands and whether
       you are talking about the source or destination.

       See the –no-traverse (https://rclone.org/docs/#no-traverse) option for controlling whether
       rclone lists the destination directory or not.  Supplying this option when copying a small
       number of files into a large destination can speed transfers up greatly.

       For example, if you have many files in /path/to/src but only a few of  them  change  every
       day, you can copy all the files which have changed recently very efficiently like this:

              rclone copy --max-age 24h --no-traverse /path/to/src remote:

       Note: Use the -P/--progress flag to view real-time transfer statistics.

       Note: Use the --dry-run or the --interactive/-i flag to test without copying anything.

              rclone copy source:path dest:path [flags]

   Options
                    --create-empty-src-dirs   Create empty source dirs on destination after copy
                -h, --help                    help for copy

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone sync

       Make source and dest identical, modifying destination only.

   Synopsis
       Sync the source to the destination,  changing  the  destination  only.   Doesn’t  transfer
       unchanged  files, testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM.  Destination is updated
       to match source, including deleting files if necessary.

       Important: Since this  can  cause  data  loss,  test  first  with  the  --dry-run  or  the
       --interactive/-i flag.

              rclone sync -i SOURCE remote:DESTINATION

       Note that files in the destination won’t be deleted if there were any errors at any point.

       It  is  always  the  contents  of  the directory that is synced, not the directory so when
       source:path is a directory, it’s the contents of source:path  that  are  copied,  not  the
       directory  name  and  contents.   See  extended  explanation  in the copy command above if
       unsure.

       If dest:path doesn’t exist, it is created and the source:path contents go there.

       Note: Use the -P/--progress flag to view real-time transfer statistics

              rclone sync source:path dest:path [flags]

   Options
                    --create-empty-src-dirs   Create empty source dirs on destination after sync
                -h, --help                    help for sync

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone move

       Move files from source to dest.

   Synopsis
       Moves  the  contents  of  the  source directory to the destination directory.  Rclone will
       error if the source and destination overlap and the remote does not support a server  side
       directory move operation.

       If  no  filters  are  in  use  and if possible this will server side move source:path into
       dest:path.  After this source:path will no longer exist.

       Otherwise for each file in source:path selected by the filters (if any) this will move  it
       into  dest:path.   If  possible a server side move will be used, otherwise it will copy it
       (server side if possible) into dest:path then delete the original (if no errors  on  copy)
       in source:path.

       If  you want to delete empty source directories after move, use the –delete-empty-src-dirs
       flag.

       See the –no-traverse (https://rclone.org/docs/#no-traverse) option for controlling whether
       rclone  lists the destination directory or not.  Supplying this option when moving a small
       number of files into a large destination can speed transfers up greatly.

       Important: Since this  can  cause  data  loss,  test  first  with  the  --dry-run  or  the
       --interactive/-i flag.

       Note: Use the -P/--progress flag to view real-time transfer statistics.

              rclone move source:path dest:path [flags]

   Options
                    --create-empty-src-dirs   Create empty source dirs on destination after move
                    --delete-empty-src-dirs   Delete empty source dirs after move
                -h, --help                    help for move

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone delete

       Remove the contents of path.

   Synopsis
       Remove the files in path.  Unlike purge it obeys include/exclude filters so can be used to
       selectively delete files.

       rclone  delete only deletes objects but leaves the directory structure alone.  If you want
       to delete a directory and all of its contents use rclone purge

       If you supply the –rmdirs flag, it will remove all empty directories along with it.

       Eg delete all files bigger than 100MBytes

       Check what would be deleted first (use either)

              rclone --min-size 100M lsl remote:path
              rclone --dry-run --min-size 100M delete remote:path

       Then delete

              rclone --min-size 100M delete remote:path

       That reads “delete everything with a minimum size of  100  MB”,  hence  delete  all  files
       bigger than 100MBytes.

       Important:  Since  this  can  cause  data  loss,  test  first  with  the  --dry-run or the
       --interactive/-i flag.

              rclone delete remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help     help for delete
                    --rmdirs   rmdirs removes empty directories but leaves root intact

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone purge

       Remove the path and all of its contents.

   Synopsis
       Remove  the  path  and  all of its contents.  Note that this does not obey include/exclude
       filters - everything will be removed.  Use delete if you want to selectively delete files.

       Important: Since this  can  cause  data  loss,  test  first  with  the  --dry-run  or  the
       --interactive/-i flag.

              rclone purge remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for purge

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone mkdir

       Make the path if it doesn’t already exist.

   Synopsis
       Make the path if it doesn’t already exist.

              rclone mkdir remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for mkdir

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone rmdir

       Remove the path if empty.

   Synopsis
       Remove  the  path.   Note  that  you can’t remove a path with objects in it, use purge for
       that.

              rclone rmdir remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for rmdir

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone check

       Checks the files in the source and destination match.

   Synopsis
       Checks  the  files in the source and destination match.  It compares sizes and hashes (MD5
       or SHA1) and logs a report of files which don’t match.  It doesn’t  alter  the  source  or
       destination.

       If  you supply the –size-only flag, it will only compare the sizes not the hashes as well.
       Use this for a quick check.

       If you supply the –download flag, it will download the data from both  remotes  and  check
       them  against  each  other  on the fly.  This can be useful for remotes that don’t support
       hashes or if you really want to check all the data.

       If you supply the --one-way flag, it will only check that files in the  source  match  the
       files  in  the  destination, not the other way around.  This means that extra files in the
       destination that are not in the source will not be detected.

       The --differ, --missing-on-dst, --missing-on-src, --match and --error flags  write  paths,
       one  per  line,  to  the  file  name  (or stdout if it is -) supplied.  What they write is
       described in the help below.  For example --differ will write all paths which are  present
       on both the source and destination but different.

       The  --combined  flag  will  write a file (or stdout) which contains all file paths with a
       symbol and then a space and then the path to tell you what  happened  to  it.   These  are
       reminiscent of diff files.

       • = path means path was found in source and destination and was identical

       • `- path` means path was missing on the source, so only in the destination

       • `+ path` means path was missing on the destination, so only in the source

       • `* path` means path was present in source and destination but different.

       • ! path means there was an error reading or hashing the source or dest.

         rclone check source:path dest:path [flags]

   Options
                    --combined string         Make a combined report of changes to this file
                    --differ string           Report all non-matching files to this file
                    --download                Check by downloading rather than with hash.
                    --error string            Report all files with errors (hashing or reading) to this file
                -h, --help                    help for check
                    --match string            Report all matching files to this file
                    --missing-on-dst string   Report all files missing from the destination to this file
                    --missing-on-src string   Report all files missing from the source to this file
                    --one-way                 Check one way only, source files must exist on remote

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone ls

       List the objects in the path with size and path.

   Synopsis
       Lists the objects in the source path to standard output in a human  readable  format  with
       size and path.  Recurses by default.

       Eg

              $ rclone ls swift:bucket
                  60295 bevajer5jef
                  90613 canole
                  94467 diwogej7
                  37600 fubuwic

       Any of the filtering options can be applied to this command.

       There are several related list commands

       • ls to list size and path of objects only

       • lsl to list modification time, size and path of objects only

       • lsd to list directories only

       • lsf to list objects and directories in easy to parse format

       • lsjson to list objects and directories in JSON format

       ls,lsl,lsd  are  designed  to  be human readable.  lsf is designed to be human and machine
       readable.  lsjson is designed to be machine readable.

       Note that ls and lsl recurse by default - use “–max-depth 1” to stop the recursion.

       The other list commands lsd,lsf,lsjson do not recurse by default - use “-R” to  make  them
       recurse.

       Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for remotes which can’t have
       empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc - the bucket based remotes).

              rclone ls remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for ls

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone lsd

       List all directories/containers/buckets in the path.

   Synopsis
       Lists the directories in the source path to standard output.  Does not recurse by default.
       Use the -R flag to recurse.

       This command lists the total size of the directory (if known, -1 if not), the modification
       time  (if  known,  the  current  time  if not), the number of objects in the directory (if
       known, -1 if not) and the name of the directory, Eg

              $ rclone lsd swift:
                    494000 2018-04-26 08:43:20     10000 10000files
                        65 2018-04-26 08:43:20         1 1File

       Or

              $ rclone lsd drive:test
                        -1 2016-10-17 17:41:53        -1 1000files
                        -1 2017-01-03 14:40:54        -1 2500files
                        -1 2017-07-08 14:39:28        -1 4000files

       If you just want the directory names use “rclone lsf –dirs-only”.

       Any of the filtering options can be applied to this command.

       There are several related list commands

       • ls to list size and path of objects only

       • lsl to list modification time, size and path of objects only

       • lsd to list directories only

       • lsf to list objects and directories in easy to parse format

       • lsjson to list objects and directories in JSON format

       ls,lsl,lsd are designed to be human readable.  lsf is designed to  be  human  and  machine
       readable.  lsjson is designed to be machine readable.

       Note that ls and lsl recurse by default - use “–max-depth 1” to stop the recursion.

       The  other  list commands lsd,lsf,lsjson do not recurse by default - use “-R” to make them
       recurse.

       Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for remotes which can’t have
       empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc - the bucket based remotes).

              rclone lsd remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help        help for lsd
                -R, --recursive   Recurse into the listing.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone lsl

       List the objects in path with modification time, size and path.

   Synopsis
       Lists the objects in the source path to standard output in a human  readable  format  with
       modification time, size and path.  Recurses by default.

       Eg

              $ rclone lsl swift:bucket
                  60295 2016-06-25 18:55:41.062626927 bevajer5jef
                  90613 2016-06-25 18:55:43.302607074 canole
                  94467 2016-06-25 18:55:43.046609333 diwogej7
                  37600 2016-06-25 18:55:40.814629136 fubuwic

       Any of the filtering options can be applied to this command.

       There are several related list commands

       • ls to list size and path of objects only

       • lsl to list modification time, size and path of objects only

       • lsd to list directories only

       • lsf to list objects and directories in easy to parse format

       • lsjson to list objects and directories in JSON format

       ls,lsl,lsd  are  designed  to  be human readable.  lsf is designed to be human and machine
       readable.  lsjson is designed to be machine readable.

       Note that ls and lsl recurse by default - use “–max-depth 1” to stop the recursion.

       The other list commands lsd,lsf,lsjson do not recurse by default - use “-R” to  make  them
       recurse.

       Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for remotes which can’t have
       empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc - the bucket based remotes).

              rclone lsl remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for lsl

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone md5sum

       Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path.

   Synopsis
       Produces  an  md5sum  file for all the objects in the path.  This is in the same format as
       the standard md5sum tool produces.

              rclone md5sum remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for md5sum

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone sha1sum

       Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path.

   Synopsis
       Produces  an  sha1sum file for all the objects in the path.  This is in the same format as
       the standard sha1sum tool produces.

              rclone sha1sum remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for sha1sum

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone size

       Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.

   Synopsis
       Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.

              rclone size remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for size
                    --json   format output as JSON

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone version

       Show the version number.

   Synopsis
       Show the version number, the go version and the architecture.

       Eg

              $ rclone version
              rclone v1.41
              - os/arch: linux/amd64
              - go version: go1.10

       If you supply the –check flag, then it will do an online check  to  compare  your  version
       with the latest release and the latest beta.

              $ rclone version --check
              yours:  1.42.0.6
              latest: 1.42          (released 2018-06-16)
              beta:   1.42.0.5      (released 2018-06-17)

       Or

              $ rclone version --check
              yours:  1.41
              latest: 1.42          (released 2018-06-16)
                upgrade: https://downloads.rclone.org/v1.42
              beta:   1.42.0.5      (released 2018-06-17)
                upgrade: https://beta.rclone.org/v1.42-005-g56e1e820

              rclone version [flags]

   Options
                    --check   Check for new version.
                -h, --help    help for version

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone cleanup

       Clean up the remote if possible.

   Synopsis
       Clean up the remote if possible.  Empty the  trash  or  delete  old  file  versions.   Not
       supported by all remotes.

              rclone cleanup remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for cleanup

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone dedupe

       Interactively find duplicate filenames and delete/rename them.

   Synopsis
       By default dedupe interactively finds files with duplicate names and offers to delete  all
       but one or rename them to be different.

       This  is  only useful with backends like Google Drive which can have duplicate file names.
       It can be run on wrapping backends (eg crypt)  if  they  wrap  a  backend  which  supports
       duplicate file names.

       In  the  first  pass  it  will  merge  directories  with  the  same name.  It will do this
       iteratively until all the identically named directories have been merged.

       In the second pass, for every group of duplicate file names, it will delete  all  but  one
       identical  files it finds without confirmation.  This means that for most duplicated files
       the dedupe command will not be interactive.

       dedupe considers files to be identical if they have the same hash.  If  the  backend  does
       not  support  hashes  (eg crypt wrapping Google Drive) then they will never be found to be
       identical.  If you use the --size-only flag then files will  be  considered  identical  if
       they  have the same size (any hash will be ignored).  This can be useful on crypt backends
       which do not support hashes.

       Important: Since this  can  cause  data  loss,  test  first  with  the  --dry-run  or  the
       --interactive/-i flag.

       Here is an example run.

       Before - with duplicates

              $ rclone lsl drive:dupes
                6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000 one.txt
                6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:11.775000000 one.txt
                 564374 2016-03-05 16:23:06.731000000 one.txt
                6048320 2016-03-05 16:18:26.092000000 one.txt
                6048320 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000 two.txt
                1744073 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000 two.txt
                 564374 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000 two.txt

       Now the dedupe session

              $ rclone dedupe drive:dupes
              2016/03/05 16:24:37 Google drive root 'dupes': Looking for duplicates using interactive mode.
              one.txt: Found 4 files with duplicate names
              one.txt: Deleting 2/3 identical duplicates (MD5 "1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36")
              one.txt: 2 duplicates remain
                1:      6048320 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000, MD5 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
                2:       564374 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:23:06.731000000, MD5 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
              s) Skip and do nothing
              k) Keep just one (choose which in next step)
              r) Rename all to be different (by changing file.jpg to file-1.jpg)
              s/k/r> k
              Enter the number of the file to keep> 1
              one.txt: Deleted 1 extra copies
              two.txt: Found 3 files with duplicates names
              two.txt: 3 duplicates remain
                1:       564374 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000, MD5 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
                2:      6048320 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000, MD5 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
                3:      1744073 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000, MD5 851957f7fb6f0bc4ce76be966d336802
              s) Skip and do nothing
              k) Keep just one (choose which in next step)
              r) Rename all to be different (by changing file.jpg to file-1.jpg)
              s/k/r> r
              two-1.txt: renamed from: two.txt
              two-2.txt: renamed from: two.txt
              two-3.txt: renamed from: two.txt

       The result being

              $ rclone lsl drive:dupes
                6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000 one.txt
                 564374 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000 two-1.txt
                6048320 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000 two-2.txt
                1744073 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000 two-3.txt

       Dedupe  can  be  run  non  interactively using the --dedupe-mode flag or by using an extra
       parameter with the same value

       • --dedupe-mode interactive - interactive as above.

       • --dedupe-mode skip - removes identical files then skips anything left.

       • --dedupe-mode first - removes identical files then keeps the first one.

       • --dedupe-mode newest - removes identical files then keeps the newest one.

       • --dedupe-mode oldest - removes identical files then keeps the oldest one.

       • --dedupe-mode largest - removes identical files then keeps the largest one.

       • --dedupe-mode smallest - removes identical files then keeps the smallest one.

       • --dedupe-mode rename - removes identical files then renames the rest to be different.

       For example to rename all the identically named photos in your Google Photos directory, do

              rclone dedupe --dedupe-mode rename "drive:Google Photos"

       Or

              rclone dedupe rename "drive:Google Photos"

              rclone dedupe [mode] remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --dedupe-mode string   Dedupe mode interactive|skip|first|newest|oldest|largest|smallest|rename. (default "interactive")
                -h, --help                 help for dedupe

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone about

       Get quota information from the remote.

   Synopsis
       Get  quota  information  from the remote, like bytes used/free/quota and bytes used in the
       trash.  Not supported by all remotes.

       This will print to stdout something like this:

              Total:   17G
              Used:    7.444G
              Free:    1.315G
              Trashed: 100.000M
              Other:   8.241G

       Where the fields are:

       • Total: total size available.

       • Used: total size used

       • Free: total amount this user could upload.

       • Trashed: total amount in the trash

       • Other: total amount in other storage (eg Gmail, Google Photos)

       • Objects: total number of objects in the storage

       Note that not all the backends provide all the fields - they will be missing if  they  are
       not  known for that backend.  Where it is known that the value is unlimited the value will
       also be omitted.

       Use the –full flag to see the numbers written out in full, eg

              Total:   18253611008
              Used:    7993453766
              Free:    1411001220
              Trashed: 104857602
              Other:   8849156022

       Use the –json flag for a computer readable output, eg

              {
                  "total": 18253611008,
                  "used": 7993453766,
                  "trashed": 104857602,
                  "other": 8849156022,
                  "free": 1411001220
              }

              rclone about remote: [flags]

   Options
                    --full   Full numbers instead of SI units
                -h, --help   help for about
                    --json   Format output as JSON

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone authorize

       Remote authorization.

   Synopsis
       Remote authorization.  Used to authorize a remote or headless rclone from a machine with a
       browser - use as instructed by rclone config.

       Use the –auth-no-open-browser to prevent rclone to  open  auth  link  in  default  browser
       automatically.

              rclone authorize [flags]

   Options
                    --auth-no-open-browser   Do not automatically open auth link in default browser
                -h, --help                   help for authorize

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone backend

       Run a backend specific command.

   Synopsis
       This runs a backend specific command.  The commands  themselves  (except  for  “help”  and
       “features”)  are  defined  by  the  backends  and  you  should  see  the  backend docs for
       definitions.

       You can discover what commands a backend implements by using

              rclone backend help remote:
              rclone backend help <backendname>

       You  can  also  discover  information  about  the  backend  using  (see  operations/fsinfo
       (https://rclone.org/rc/#operations/fsinfo) in the remote control docs for more info).

              rclone backend features remote:

       Pass options to the backend command with -o.  This should be key=value or key, eg:

              rclone backend stats remote:path stats -o format=json -o long

       Pass arguments to the backend by placing them on the end of the line

              rclone backend cleanup remote:path file1 file2 file3

       Note   to   run   these   commands   on   a   running  backend  then  see  backend/command
       (https://rclone.org/rc/#backend/command) in the rc docs.

              rclone backend <command> remote:path [opts] <args> [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help                 help for backend
                    --json                 Always output in JSON format.
                -o, --option stringArray   Option in the form name=value or name.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone cat

       Concatenates any files and sends them to stdout.

   Synopsis
       rclone cat sends any files to standard output.

       You can use it like this to output a single file

              rclone cat remote:path/to/file

       Or like this to output any file in dir or its subdirectories.

              rclone cat remote:path/to/dir

       Or like this to output any .txt files in dir or its subdirectories.

              rclone --include "*.txt" cat remote:path/to/dir

       Use  the  –head  flag to print characters only at the start, –tail for the end and –offset
       and –count to print a section in the middle.  Note that if  offset  is  negative  it  will
       count from the end, so –offset -1 –count 1 is equivalent to –tail 1.

              rclone cat remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --count int    Only print N characters. (default -1)
                    --discard      Discard the output instead of printing.
                    --head int     Only print the first N characters.
                -h, --help         help for cat
                    --offset int   Start printing at offset N (or from end if -ve).
                    --tail int     Only print the last N characters.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone config create

       Create a new remote with name, type and options.

   Synopsis
       Create a new remote of name with type and options.  The options should be passed in  pairs
       of key value.

       For example to make a swift remote of name myremote using auto config you would do:

              rclone config create myremote swift env_auth true

       Note  that if the config process would normally ask a question the default is taken.  Each
       time that happens rclone will print a message saying how to affect the value taken.

       If any of the parameters passed is  a  password  field,  then  rclone  will  automatically
       obscure them if they aren’t already obscured before putting them in the config file.

       NB  If  the  password  parameter  is  22  characters or longer and consists only of base64
       characters then rclone can get confused about whether the password is already obscured  or
       not  and  put  unobscured  passwords into the config file.  If you want to be 100% certain
       that the passwords get obscured then use the “–obscure” flag, or if you are  100%  certain
       you  are  already  passing  obscured  passwords  then use “–no-obscure”.  You can also set
       osbscured passwords using the “rclone config password” command.

       So for example if you  wanted  to  configure  a  Google  Drive  remote  but  using  remote
       authorization you would do this:

              rclone config create mydrive drive config_is_local false

              rclone config create `name` `type` [`key` `value`]* [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help         help for create
                    --no-obscure   Force any passwords not to be obscured.
                    --obscure      Force any passwords to be obscured.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone   config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an  interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config delete

       Delete an existing remote name.

   Synopsis
       Delete an existing remote name.

              rclone config delete `name` [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for delete

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an   interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config disconnect

       Disconnects user from remote

   Synopsis
       This disconnects the remote: passed in to the cloud storage system.

       This normally means revoking the oauth token.

       To reconnect use “rclone config reconnect”.

              rclone config disconnect remote: [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for disconnect

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone   config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an  interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config dump

       Dump the config file as JSON.

   Synopsis
       Dump the config file as JSON.

              rclone config dump [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for dump

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an   interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config edit

       Enter an interactive configuration session.

   Synopsis
       Enter  an  interactive  configuration  session  where you can setup new remotes and manage
       existing ones.  You may also set or remove a password to protect your configuration.

              rclone config edit [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for edit

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an   interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config file

       Show path of configuration file in use.

   Synopsis
       Show path of configuration file in use.

              rclone config file [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for file

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone   config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an  interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config password

       Update password in an existing remote.

   Synopsis
       Update an existing remote’s password.  The password should  be  passed  in  pairs  of  key
       value.

       For example to set password of a remote of name myremote you would do:

              rclone config password myremote fieldname mypassword

       This  command  is  obsolete  now  that  “config  update”  and “config create” both support
       obscuring passwords directly.

              rclone config password `name` [`key` `value`]+ [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for password

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an   interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config providers

       List in JSON format all the providers and options.

   Synopsis
       List in JSON format all the providers and options.

              rclone config providers [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for providers

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone   config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an  interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config reconnect

       Re-authenticates user with remote.

   Synopsis
       This reconnects remote: passed in to the cloud storage system.

       To disconnect the remote use “rclone config disconnect”.

       This normally means going through the interactive oauth flow again.

              rclone config reconnect remote: [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for reconnect

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an   interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config show

       Print (decrypted) config file, or the config for a single remote.

   Synopsis
       Print (decrypted) config file, or the config for a single remote.

              rclone config show [<remote>] [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for show

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone   config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an  interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config update

       Update options in an existing remote.

   Synopsis
       Update an existing remote’s options.  The options should be passed  in  in  pairs  of  key
       value.

       For example to update the env_auth field of a remote of name myremote you would do:

              rclone config update myremote swift env_auth true

       If  any  of  the  parameters  passed  is  a password field, then rclone will automatically
       obscure them if they aren’t already obscured before putting them in the config file.

       NB If the password parameter is 22 characters  or  longer  and  consists  only  of  base64
       characters  then rclone can get confused about whether the password is already obscured or
       not and put unobscured passwords into the config file.  If you want  to  be  100%  certain
       that  the  passwords get obscured then use the “–obscure” flag, or if you are 100% certain
       you are already passing obscured passwords then  use  “–no-obscure”.   You  can  also  set
       osbscured passwords using the “rclone config password” command.

       If the remote uses OAuth the token will be updated, if you don’t require this add an extra
       parameter thus:

              rclone config update myremote swift env_auth true config_refresh_token false

              rclone config update `name` [`key` `value`]+ [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help         help for update
                    --no-obscure   Force any passwords not to be obscured.
                    --obscure      Force any passwords to be obscured.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an   interactive
         configuration session.

rclone config userinfo

       Prints info about logged in user of remote.

   Synopsis
       This prints the details of the person logged in to the cloud storage system.

              rclone config userinfo remote: [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for userinfo
                    --json   Format output as JSON

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone   config  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/)  -  Enter  an  interactive
         configuration session.

rclone copyto

       Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied.

   Synopsis
       If source:path is a file or directory then it copies it  to  a  file  or  directory  named
       dest:path.

       This  can  be used to upload single files to other than their current name.  If the source
       is a directory then it acts exactly like the copy command.

       So

              rclone copyto src dst

       where src and dst are rclone paths, either remote:path or /path/to/local or C:.

       This will:

              if src is file
                  copy it to dst, overwriting an existing file if it exists
              if src is directory
                  copy it to dst, overwriting existing files if they exist
                  see copy command for full details

       This doesn’t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification  time  or  MD5SUM.
       It doesn’t delete files from the destination.

       Note: Use the -P/--progress flag to view real-time transfer statistics

              rclone copyto source:path dest:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for copyto

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone copyurl

       Copy url content to dest.

   Synopsis
       Download a URL’s content and copy it to the destination without  saving  it  in  temporary
       storage.

       Setting  –auto-filename  will cause the file name to be retrieved from the from URL (after
       any redirections) and used in the destination path.

       Setting –no-clobber will prevent overwriting file on the destination if there is one  with
       the same name.

       Setting  –stdout or making the output file name “-” will cause the output to be written to
       standard output.

              rclone copyurl https://example.com dest:path [flags]

   Options
                -a, --auto-filename   Get the file name from the URL and use it for destination file path
                -h, --help            help for copyurl
                    --no-clobber      Prevent overwriting file with same name
                    --stdout          Write the output to stdout rather than a file

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone cryptcheck

       Cryptcheck checks the integrity of a crypted remote.

   Synopsis
       rclone  cryptcheck  checks  a  remote against a crypted remote.  This is the equivalent of
       running rclone check, but able to check the checksums of the crypted remote.

       For it to work the underlying remote of  the  cryptedremote  must  support  some  kind  of
       checksum.

       It  works  by  reading  the  nonce  from each file on the cryptedremote: and using that to
       encrypt each file on the remote:.  It then checks the checksum of the underlying  file  on
       the cryptedremote: against the checksum of the file it has just encrypted.

       Use it like this

              rclone cryptcheck /path/to/files encryptedremote:path

       You  can  use  it  like  this  also,  but  that  will involve downloading all the files in
       remote:path.

              rclone cryptcheck remote:path encryptedremote:path

       After it has run it will log the status of the encryptedremote:.

       If you supply the --one-way flag, it will only check that files in the  source  match  the
       files  in  the  destination, not the other way around.  This means that extra files in the
       destination that are not in the source will not be detected.

       The --differ, --missing-on-dst, --missing-on-src, --match and --error flags  write  paths,
       one  per  line,  to  the  file  name  (or stdout if it is -) supplied.  What they write is
       described in the help below.  For example --differ will write all paths which are  present
       on both the source and destination but different.

       The  --combined  flag  will  write a file (or stdout) which contains all file paths with a
       symbol and then a space and then the path to tell you what  happened  to  it.   These  are
       reminiscent of diff files.

       • = path means path was found in source and destination and was identical

       • `- path` means path was missing on the source, so only in the destination

       • `+ path` means path was missing on the destination, so only in the source

       • `* path` means path was present in source and destination but different.

       • ! path means there was an error reading or hashing the source or dest.

         rclone cryptcheck remote:path cryptedremote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --combined string         Make a combined report of changes to this file
                    --differ string           Report all non-matching files to this file
                    --error string            Report all files with errors (hashing or reading) to this file
                -h, --help                    help for cryptcheck
                    --match string            Report all matching files to this file
                    --missing-on-dst string   Report all files missing from the destination to this file
                    --missing-on-src string   Report all files missing from the source to this file
                    --one-way                 Check one way only, source files must exist on remote

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone cryptdecode

       Cryptdecode returns unencrypted file names.

   Synopsis
       rclone cryptdecode returns unencrypted file names when provided with a list  of  encrypted
       file names.  List limit is 10 items.

       If you supply the –reverse flag, it will return encrypted file names.

       use it like this

              rclone cryptdecode encryptedremote: encryptedfilename1 encryptedfilename2

              rclone cryptdecode --reverse encryptedremote: filename1 filename2

              rclone cryptdecode encryptedremote: encryptedfilename [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help      help for cryptdecode
                    --reverse   Reverse cryptdecode, encrypts filenames

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone deletefile

       Remove a single file from remote.

   Synopsis
       Remove a single file from remote.  Unlike delete it cannot be used to remove  a  directory
       and it doesn’t obey include/exclude filters - if the specified file exists, it will always
       be removed.

              rclone deletefile remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for deletefile

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone genautocomplete

       Output completion script for a given shell.

   Synopsis
       Generates  a  shell  completion  script  for rclone.  Run with –help to list the supported
       shells.

   Options
                -h, --help   help for genautocomplete

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

       • rclone genautocomplete bash (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_genautocomplete_bash/) -
         Output bash completion script for rclone.

       • rclone genautocomplete fish (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_genautocomplete_fish/) -
         Output fish completion script for rclone.

       • rclone  genautocomplete  zsh (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_genautocomplete_zsh/) -
         Output zsh completion script for rclone.

rclone genautocomplete bash

       Output bash completion script for rclone.

   Synopsis
       Generates a bash shell autocompletion script for rclone.

       This writes to /etc/bash_completion.d/rclone by default so will probably need  to  be  run
       with sudo or as root, eg

              sudo rclone genautocomplete bash

       Logout and login again to use the autocompletion scripts, or source them directly

              . /etc/bash_completion

       If you supply a command line argument the script will be written there.

              rclone genautocomplete bash [output_file] [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for bash

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  genautocomplete  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_genautocomplete/)  - Output
         completion script for a given shell.

rclone genautocomplete fish

       Output fish completion script for rclone.

   Synopsis
       Generates a fish autocompletion script for rclone.

       This writes to /etc/fish/completions/rclone.fish by default so will probably  need  to  be
       run with sudo or as root, eg

              sudo rclone genautocomplete fish

       Logout and login again to use the autocompletion scripts, or source them directly

              . /etc/fish/completions/rclone.fish

       If you supply a command line argument the script will be written there.

              rclone genautocomplete fish [output_file] [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for fish

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  genautocomplete  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_genautocomplete/)  - Output
         completion script for a given shell.

rclone genautocomplete zsh

       Output zsh completion script for rclone.

   Synopsis
       Generates a zsh autocompletion script for rclone.

       This writes to /usr/share/zsh/vendor-completions/_rclone by default so will probably  need
       to be run with sudo or as root, eg

              sudo rclone genautocomplete zsh

       Logout and login again to use the autocompletion scripts, or source them directly

              autoload -U compinit && compinit

       If you supply a command line argument the script will be written there.

              rclone genautocomplete zsh [output_file] [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for zsh

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  genautocomplete  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_genautocomplete/)  - Output
         completion script for a given shell.

rclone gendocs

       Output markdown docs for rclone to the directory supplied.

   Synopsis
       This produces markdown docs for the rclone commands to the directory supplied.  These  are
       in a format suitable for hugo to render into the rclone.org website.

              rclone gendocs output_directory [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for gendocs

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone hashsum

       Produces a hashsum file for all the objects in the path.

   Synopsis
       Produces a hash file for all the objects in the path using the hash named.  The output  is
       in the same format as the standard md5sum/sha1sum tool.

       Run without a hash to see the list of supported hashes, eg

              $ rclone hashsum
              Supported hashes are:
                * MD5
                * SHA-1
                * DropboxHash
                * QuickXorHash

       Then

              $ rclone hashsum MD5 remote:path

              rclone hashsum <hash> remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --base64   Output base64 encoded hashsum
                -h, --help     help for hashsum

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone link

       Generate public link to file/folder.

   Synopsis
       rclone link will create, retrieve or remove a public link to the given file or folder.

              rclone link remote:path/to/file
              rclone link remote:path/to/folder/
              rclone link --unlink remote:path/to/folder/
              rclone link --expire 1d remote:path/to/file

       If you supply the –expire flag, it will set the expiration time otherwise it will use  the
       default  (100  years).   Note  not  all backends support the –expire flag - if the backend
       doesn’t support it then the link returned won’t expire.

       Use the –unlink flag to remove existing public links to the file or folder.  Note not  all
       backends support “–unlink” flag - those that don’t will just ignore it.

       If  successful,  the  last  line  of the output will contain the link.  Exact capabilities
       depend on the remote, but the link will always  by  default  be  created  with  the  least
       constraints – e.g. no expiry, no password protection, accessible without account.

              rclone link remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --expire Duration   The amount of time that the link will be valid (default 100y)
                -h, --help              help for link
                    --unlink            Remove existing public link to file/folder

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone listremotes

       List all the remotes in the config file.

   Synopsis
       rclone listremotes lists all the available remotes from the config file.

       When uses with the -l flag it lists the types too.

              rclone listremotes [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for listremotes
                    --long   Show the type as well as names.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone lsf

       List directories and objects in remote:path formatted for parsing.

   Synopsis
       List  the  contents  of  the source path (directories and objects) to standard output in a
       form which is easy to parse by scripts.  By default this will just be  the  names  of  the
       objects and directories, one per line.  The directories will have a / suffix.

       Eg

              $ rclone lsf swift:bucket
              bevajer5jef
              canole
              diwogej7
              ferejej3gux/
              fubuwic

       Use the –format option to control what gets listed.  By default this is just the path, but
       you can use these parameters to control the output:

              p - path
              s - size
              t - modification time
              h - hash
              i - ID of object
              o - Original ID of underlying object
              m - MimeType of object if known
              e - encrypted name
              T - tier of storage if known, eg "Hot" or "Cool"

       So if you wanted the path, size and modification time, you would  use  –format  “pst”,  or
       maybe –format “tsp” to put the path last.

       Eg

              $ rclone lsf  --format "tsp" swift:bucket
              2016-06-25 18:55:41;60295;bevajer5jef
              2016-06-25 18:55:43;90613;canole
              2016-06-25 18:55:43;94467;diwogej7
              2018-04-26 08:50:45;0;ferejej3gux/
              2016-06-25 18:55:40;37600;fubuwic

       If  you  specify  “h”  in the format you will get the MD5 hash by default, use the “–hash”
       flag to change which hash you want.  Note that this can be returned as an empty string  if
       it  isn’t  available  on  the  object (and for directories), “ERROR” if there was an error
       reading it from the object and “UNSUPPORTED” if that object does  not  support  that  hash
       type.

       For example to emulate the md5sum command you can use

              rclone lsf -R --hash MD5 --format hp --separator "  " --files-only .

       Eg

              $ rclone lsf -R --hash MD5 --format hp --separator "  " --files-only swift:bucket
              7908e352297f0f530b84a756f188baa3  bevajer5jef
              cd65ac234e6fea5925974a51cdd865cc  canole
              03b5341b4f234b9d984d03ad076bae91  diwogej7
              8fd37c3810dd660778137ac3a66cc06d  fubuwic
              99713e14a4c4ff553acaf1930fad985b  gixacuh7ku

       (Though “rclone md5sum .” is an easier way of typing this.)

       By  default  the separator is “;” this can be changed with the –separator flag.  Note that
       separators aren’t escaped in the path so putting it last is a good strategy.

       Eg

              $ rclone lsf  --separator "," --format "tshp" swift:bucket
              2016-06-25 18:55:41,60295,7908e352297f0f530b84a756f188baa3,bevajer5jef
              2016-06-25 18:55:43,90613,cd65ac234e6fea5925974a51cdd865cc,canole
              2016-06-25 18:55:43,94467,03b5341b4f234b9d984d03ad076bae91,diwogej7
              2018-04-26 08:52:53,0,,ferejej3gux/
              2016-06-25 18:55:40,37600,8fd37c3810dd660778137ac3a66cc06d,fubuwic

       You can output in CSV standard format.  This will escape things in " if they contain ,

       Eg

              $ rclone lsf --csv --files-only --format ps remote:path
              test.log,22355
              test.sh,449
              "this file contains a comma, in the file name.txt",6

       Note that the –absolute parameter is useful for making lists of files to pass to an rclone
       copy with the –files-from-raw flag.

       For  example  to  find  all the files modified within one day and copy those only (without
       traversing the whole directory structure):

              rclone lsf --absolute --files-only --max-age 1d /path/to/local > new_files
              rclone copy --files-from-raw new_files /path/to/local remote:path

       Any of the filtering options can be applied to this command.

       There are several related list commands

       • ls to list size and path of objects only

       • lsl to list modification time, size and path of objects only

       • lsd to list directories only

       • lsf to list objects and directories in easy to parse format

       • lsjson to list objects and directories in JSON format

       ls,lsl,lsd are designed to be human readable.  lsf is designed to  be  human  and  machine
       readable.  lsjson is designed to be machine readable.

       Note that ls and lsl recurse by default - use “–max-depth 1” to stop the recursion.

       The  other  list commands lsd,lsf,lsjson do not recurse by default - use “-R” to make them
       recurse.

       Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for remotes which can’t have
       empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc - the bucket based remotes).

              rclone lsf remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --absolute           Put a leading / in front of path names.
                    --csv                Output in CSV format.
                -d, --dir-slash          Append a slash to directory names. (default true)
                    --dirs-only          Only list directories.
                    --files-only         Only list files.
                -F, --format string      Output format - see  help for details (default "p")
                    --hash h             Use this hash when h is used in the format MD5|SHA-1|DropboxHash (default "MD5")
                -h, --help               help for lsf
                -R, --recursive          Recurse into the listing.
                -s, --separator string   Separator for the items in the format. (default ";")

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone lsjson

       List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.

   Synopsis
       List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.

       The output is an array of Items, where each Item looks like this

       {  “Hashes”  :   {   “SHA-1”   :   “f572d396fae9206628714fb2ce00f72e94f2258f”,   “MD5”   :
       “b1946ac92492d2347c6235b4d2611184”,                     “DropboxHash”                    :
       “ecb65bb98f9d905b70458986c39fcbad7715e5f2fcc3b1f07767d7c83e2438cc”        },         “ID”:
       “y2djkhiujf83u33”,  “OrigID”:  “UYOJVTUW00Q1RzTDA”,  “IsBucket”  : false, “IsDir” : false,
       “MimeType”          :          “application/octet-stream”,           “ModTime”           :
       “2017-05-31T16:15:57.034468261+01:00”,     “Name”     :    “file.txt”,    “Encrypted”    :
       “v0qpsdq8anpci8n929v3uu9338”,                      “EncryptedPath”                       :
       “kja9098349023498/v0qpsdq8anpci8n929v3uu9338”,  “Path”  :  “full/path/goes/here/file.txt”,
       “Size” : 6, “Tier” : “hot”, }

       If –hash is not specified the Hashes property won’t be emitted.  The types of hash can  be
       specified  with  the  –hash-type  parameter (which may be repeated).  If –hash-type is set
       then it implies –hash.

       If –no-modtime is specified then ModTime will be blank.   This  can  speed  things  up  on
       remotes where reading the ModTime takes an extra request (eg s3, swift).

       If  –no-mimetype  is  specified  then MimeType will be blank.  This can speed things up on
       remotes where reading the MimeType takes an extra request (eg s3, swift).

       If –encrypted is not specified the Encrypted won’t be emitted.

       If –dirs-only is not specified files in addition to directories are returned

       If –files-only is not specified directories in addition to the files will be returned.

       The  Path  field  will  only  show  folders  below  the  remote  path  being  listed.   If
       “remote:path”  contains  the  file  “subfolder/file.txt”,  the Path for “file.txt” will be
       “subfolder/file.txt”, not “remote:path/subfolder/file.txt”.  When used without  –recursive
       the Path will always be the same as Name.

       If  the  directory  is  a bucket in a bucket based backend, then “IsBucket” will be set to
       true.  This key won’t be present unless it is “true”.

       The time is in RFC3339 format with up to nanosecond  precision.   The  number  of  decimal
       digits  in the seconds will depend on the precision that the remote can hold the times, so
       if times are accurate to the nearest millisecond (eg Google  Drive)  then  3  digits  will
       always be shown (“2017-05-31T16:15:57.034+01:00”) whereas if the times are accurate to the
       nearest   second   (Dropbox,   Box,   WebDav   etc)    no    digits    will    be    shown
       (“2017-05-31T16:15:57+01:00”).

       The  whole  output  can  be processed as a JSON blob, or alternatively it can be processed
       line by line as each item is written one to a line.

       Any of the filtering options can be applied to this command.

       There are several related list commands

       • ls to list size and path of objects only

       • lsl to list modification time, size and path of objects only

       • lsd to list directories only

       • lsf to list objects and directories in easy to parse format

       • lsjson to list objects and directories in JSON format

       ls,lsl,lsd are designed to be human readable.  lsf is designed to  be  human  and  machine
       readable.  lsjson is designed to be machine readable.

       Note that ls and lsl recurse by default - use “–max-depth 1” to stop the recursion.

       The  other  list commands lsd,lsf,lsjson do not recurse by default - use “-R” to make them
       recurse.

       Listing a non existent directory will produce an error except for remotes which can’t have
       empty directories (eg s3, swift, gcs, etc - the bucket based remotes).

              rclone lsjson remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --dirs-only               Show only directories in the listing.
                -M, --encrypted               Show the encrypted names.
                    --files-only              Show only files in the listing.
                    --hash                    Include hashes in the output (may take longer).
                    --hash-type stringArray   Show only this hash type (may be repeated).
                -h, --help                    help for lsjson
                    --no-mimetype             Don't read the mime type (can speed things up).
                    --no-modtime              Don't read the modification time (can speed things up).
                    --original                Show the ID of the underlying Object.
                -R, --recursive               Recurse into the listing.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone mount

       Mount the remote as file system on a mountpoint.

   Synopsis
       rclone mount allows Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Windows  to  mount  any  of  Rclone’s  cloud
       storage systems as a file system with FUSE.

       First set up your remote using rclone config.  Check it works with rclone ls etc.

       You  can  either  run mount in foreground mode or background (daemon) mode.  Mount runs in
       foreground mode by default,  use  the  –daemon  flag  to  specify  background  mode  mode.
       Background  mode  is only supported on Linux and OSX, you can only run mount in foreground
       mode on Windows.

       On Linux/macOS/FreeBSD Start the mount like this where /path/to/local/mount  is  an  empty
       existing directory.

              rclone mount remote:path/to/files /path/to/local/mount

       Or  on  Windows like this where X: is an unused drive letter or use a path to non-existent
       directory.

              rclone mount remote:path/to/files X:
              rclone mount remote:path/to/files C:\path\to\nonexistent\directory

       When running in background mode the user will have to stop the mount  manually  (specified
       below).

       When the program ends while in foreground mode, either via Ctrl+C or receiving a SIGINT or
       SIGTERM signal, the mount is automatically stopped.

       The umount operation can fail, for  example  when  the  mountpoint  is  busy.   When  that
       happens, it is the user’s responsibility to stop the mount manually.

       Stopping the mount manually:

              # Linux
              fusermount -u /path/to/local/mount
              # OS X
              umount /path/to/local/mount

       Note:  As  of  rclone  1.52.2,  rclone mount now requires Go version 1.13 or newer on some
       platforms depending on the underlying FUSE library in use.

   Installing on Windows
       To  run  rclone  mount  on  Windows,  you  will  need  to  download  and  install   WinFsp
       (http://www.secfs.net/winfsp/).

       WinFsp (https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp) is an open source Windows File System Proxy
       which makes it easy to write user space file systems for  Windows.   It  provides  a  FUSE
       emulation  layer  which rclone uses combination with cgofuse (https://github.com/billziss-
       gh/cgofuse).  Both of these packages are by Bill Zissimopoulos who was very helpful during
       the implementation of rclone mount for Windows.

   Windows caveats
       Note that drives created as Administrator are not visible by other accounts (including the
       account that was elevated as Administrator).  So if you start  a  Windows  drive  from  an
       Administrative  Command  Prompt and then try to access the same drive from Explorer (which
       does not run as Administrator), you will not be able to see the new drive.

       The easiest way around this is to start the drive from a normal  command  prompt.   It  is
       also  possible  to  start  a  drive  from  the  SYSTEM  account (using the WinFsp.Launcher
       infrastructure   (https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp/wiki/WinFsp-Service-Architecture))
       which creates drives accessible for everyone on the system or alternatively using the nssm
       service manager (https://nssm.cc/usage).

   Mount as a network drive
       By default, rclone will mount the remote as a normal drive.  However, you can  also  mount
       it as a Network Drive (or Network Share, as mentioned in some places)

       Unlike  other  systems,  Windows  provides a different filesystem type for network drives.
       Windows  and  other  programs  treat  the  network  drives  and   fixed/removable   drives
       differently: In network drives, many I/O operations are optimized, as the high latency and
       low reliability (compared to a normal drive) of a network is expected.

       Although many people prefer network shares to be mounted as  normal  system  drives,  this
       might  cause  some  issues, such as programs not working as expected or freezes and errors
       while operating with the mounted remote in Windows Explorer.  If  you  experience  any  of
       those,  consider  mounting  rclone  remotes  as  network shares, as Windows expects normal
       drives to be fast  and  reliable,  while  cloud  storage  is  far  from  that.   See  also
       Limitations section below for more info

       Add  “–fuse-flag –VolumePrefix=” to your “mount” command, replacing “share” with any other
       name of your choice if you are mounting more than one remote.  Otherwise, the  mountpoints
       will conflict and your mounted filesystems will overlap.

       Read more about drive mapping (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_mapping)

   Limitations
       Without  the  use of “–vfs-cache-mode” this can only write files sequentially, it can only
       seek when reading.  This means that many applications won’t work with their  files  on  an
       rclone  mount  without  “–vfs-cache-mode  writes” or “–vfs-cache-mode full”.  See the File
       Caching section for more info.

       The bucket based remotes (eg Swift, S3, Google Compute Storage, B2, Hubic) do not  support
       the  concept  of empty directories, so empty directories will have a tendency to disappear
       once they fall out of the directory cache.

       Only supported on Linux, FreeBSD, OS X and Windows at the moment.

   rclone mount vs rclone sync/copy
       File systems expect things to be 100% reliable, whereas cloud storage systems are  a  long
       way  from  100%  reliable.   The  rclone  sync/copy  commands  cope with this with lots of
       retries.  However rclone mount can’t use retries in the  same  way  without  making  local
       copies  of  the  uploads.   Look  at  the  file  caching  for solutions to make mount more
       reliable.

   Attribute caching
       You can use the flag –attr-timeout to set the time the kernel caches the attributes (size,
       modification time etc) for directory entries.

       The  default  is  “1s”  which caches files just long enough to avoid too many callbacks to
       rclone from the kernel.

       In theory 0s should be the correct value for filesystems  which  can  change  outside  the
       control  of the kernel.  However this causes quite a few problems such as rclone using too
       much memory (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2157), rclone not  serving  files  to
       samba (https://forum.rclone.org/t/rclone-1-39-vs-1-40-mount-issue/5112) and excessive time
       listing directories (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2095#issuecomment-371141147).

       The kernel can cache the info about a file for the time given by “–attr-timeout”.  You may
       see  corruption  if the remote file changes length during this window.  It will show up as
       either a truncated file or a file with garbage on the end.  With “–attr-timeout  1s”  this
       is  very  unlikely but not impossible.  The higher you set “–attr-timeout” the more likely
       it is.  The default setting of “1s” is the lowest setting  which  mitigates  the  problems
       above.

       If  you  set  it  higher (`10s' or `1m' say) then the kernel will call back to rclone less
       often making it more efficient, however there is  more  chance  of  the  corruption  issue
       above.

       If  files  don’t  change  on  the remote outside of the control of rclone then there is no
       chance of corruption.

       This is the same as setting the attr_timeout option in mount.fuse.

   Filters
       Note that all the rclone filters can be used to select a subset of the files to be visible
       in the mount.

   systemd
       When  running  rclone  mount  as a systemd service, it is possible to use Type=notify.  In
       this case the service  will  enter  the  started  state  after  the  mountpoint  has  been
       successfully  set  up.   Units  having the rclone mount service specified as a requirement
       will see all files and folders immediately in this mode.

   chunked reading
       –vfs-read-chunk-size will enable reading the source objects in parts.  This can reduce the
       used  download  quota  for some remotes by requesting only chunks from the remote that are
       actually read at the cost of an increased number of requests.

       When –vfs-read-chunk-size-limit is also specified and greater  than  –vfs-read-chunk-size,
       the  chunk  size  for  each  open  file  will  get  doubled for each chunk read, until the
       specified value is reached.  A value of -1 will disable the limit and the chunk size  will
       grow indefinitely.

       With  –vfs-read-chunk-size  100M and –vfs-read-chunk-size-limit 0 the following parts will
       be downloaded: 0-100M, 100M-200M, 200M-300M, 300M-400M and so on.   When  –vfs-read-chunk-
       size-limit   500M  is  specified,  the  result  would  be  0-100M,  100M-300M,  300M-700M,
       700M-1200M, 1200M-1700M and so on.

   VFS - Virtual File System
       This command uses the VFS layer.  This adapts the cloud storage objects that  rclone  uses
       into something which looks much more like a disk filing system.

       Cloud  storage  objects  have  lots of properties which aren’t like disk files - you can’t
       extend them or write to the middle of them, so the  VFS  layer  has  to  deal  with  that.
       Because there is no one right way of doing this there are various options explained below.

       The  VFS  layer  also  implements  a  directory  cache  - this caches info about files and
       directories (but not the data) in memory.

   VFS Directory Cache
       Using the --dir-cache-time flag, you can control how long a directory should be considered
       up to date and not refreshed from the backend.  Changes made through the mount will appear
       immediately or invalidate the cache.

              --dir-cache-time duration   Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
              --poll-interval duration    Time to wait between polling for changes.

       However, changes made directly on the cloud storage by the web interface  or  a  different
       copy  of  rclone  will  only  be picked up once the directory cache expires if the backend
       configured does not support polling for changes.  If the backend supports polling, changes
       will be picked up within the polling interval.

       You can send a SIGHUP signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of
       how old they are.  Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset  the  cache
       like this:

              kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)

       If  you  configure  rclone  with  a remote control then you can use rclone rc to flush the
       whole directory cache:

              rclone rc vfs/forget

       Or individual files or directories:

              rclone rc vfs/forget file=path/to/file dir=path/to/dir

   VFS File Buffering
       The --buffer-size flag determines the amount of memory, that will be used to  buffer  data
       in advance.

       Each  open file will try to keep the specified amount of data in memory at all times.  The
       buffered data is bound to one open file and won’t be shared.

       This flag is a upper limit for the used memory per open file.  The buffer  will  only  use
       memory  for  data that is downloaded but not not yet read.  If the buffer is empty, only a
       small amount of memory will be used.

       The maximum memory used by rclone for buffering can be up to --buffer-size * open files.

   VFS File Caching
       These flags control the VFS file caching options.  File caching is necessary to  make  the
       VFS  layer appear compatible with a normal file system.  It can be disabled at the cost of
       some compatibility.

       For example you’ll need to enable VFS caching if you want to read and write simultaneously
       to a file.  See below for more details.

       Note  that the VFS cache is separate from the cache backend and you may find that you need
       one or the other or both.

              --cache-dir string                   Directory rclone will use for caching.
              --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode           Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
              --vfs-cache-max-age duration         Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
              --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix      Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
              --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration   Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
              --vfs-write-back duration            Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)

       If run with -vv rclone will print the location of the file cache.  The files are stored in
       the  user  cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with --cache-dir or
       setting the appropriate environment variable.

       The cache has 4 different modes selected by --vfs-cache-mode.  The higher the  cache  mode
       the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.

       Note  that  files  are  written  back  to the remote only when they are closed and if they
       haven’t been accessed for –vfs-write-back second.  If rclone is quit or  dies  with  files
       that  haven’t  been uploaded, these will be uploaded next time rclone is run with the same
       flags.

       If using –vfs-cache-max-size note that the cache may exceed this  size  for  two  reasons.
       Firstly  because it is only checked every –vfs-cache-poll-interval.  Secondly because open
       files cannot be evicted from the cache.

   –vfs-cache-mode off
       In this mode (the default) the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly
       to the remote without caching anything on disk.

       This will mean some operations are not possible

       • Files can’t be opened for both read AND write

       • Files opened for write can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only

       • Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied

       • Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode minimal
       This is very similar to “off” except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered
       to disk.  This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible,  but  uses
       the minimal disk space.

       These operations are not possible

       • Files opened for write only can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode writes
       In  this  mode  files  opened for read only are still read directly from the remote, write
       only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations.

       If an upload fails it will be retried  at  exponentially  increasing  intervals  up  to  1
       minute.

   –vfs-cache-mode full
       In  this  mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.  When data is read from
       the remote this is buffered to disk as well.

       In this mode the files in the cache will be sparse files and rclone  will  keep  track  of
       which bits of the files it has dowloaded.

       So  if an application only reads the starts of each file, then rclone will only buffer the
       start of the file.  These files will appear to be their full size in the cache,  but  they
       will be sparse files with only the data that has been downloaded present in them.

       This  mode  should support all normal file system operations and is otherwise identical to
       –vfs-cache-mode writes.

       When reading a file rclone will read –buffer-size plus –vfs-read-ahead bytes  ahead.   The
       –buffer-size is buffered in memory whereas the –vfs-read-ahead is buffered on disk.

       When using this mode it is recommended that –buffer-size is not set too big and –vfs-read-
       ahead is set large if required.

       IMPORTANT not all file systems support sparse files.   In  particular  FAT/exFAT  do  not.
       Rclone  will  perform  very  badly if the cache directory is on a filesystem which doesn’t
       support sparse files and it will log an ERROR message if one is detected.

   VFS Performance
       These flags may be used to enable/disable features of the VFS  for  performance  or  other
       reasons.

       In  particular  S3 and Swift benefit hugely from the –no-modtime flag (or use –use-server-
       modtime for a slightly different effect) as each read of the  modification  time  takes  a
       transaction.

              --no-checksum     Don't compare checksums on up/download.
              --no-modtime      Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
              --no-seek         Don't allow seeking in files.
              --read-only       Mount read-only.

       When  rclone  reads  files  from a remote it reads them in chunks.  This means that rather
       than requesting the whole file rclone reads the chunk  specified.   This  is  advantageous
       because  some  cloud providers account for reads being all the data requested, not all the
       data delivered.

       Rclone will keep doubling the chunk size requested starting at –vfs-read-chunk-size with a
       maximum  of  –vfs-read-chunk-size-limit unless it is set to “off” in which case there will
       be no limit.

              --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix        Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
              --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix  Max chunk doubling size (default "off")

       Sometimes rclone is delivered reads or writes out of order.  Rather  than  seeking  rclone
       will  wait  a  short  time for the in sequence read or write to come in.  These flags only
       come into effect when not using an on disk cache file.

              --vfs-read-wait duration   Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
              --vfs-write-wait duration  Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

   VFS Case Sensitivity
       Linux file systems are case-sensitive: two files can differ only by case,  and  the  exact
       case must be used when opening a file.

       File systems in modern Windows are case-insensitive but case-preserving: although existing
       files can be opened using any case, the exact case used to create the  file  is  preserved
       and  available  for  programs  to  query.   It  is  not  allowed for two files in the same
       directory to differ only by case.

       Usually file systems on macOS are case-insensitive.  It is possible  to  make  macOS  file
       systems case-sensitive but that is not the default

       The  “–vfs-case-insensitive”  mount  flag controls how rclone handles these two cases.  If
       its value is “false”, rclone passes file names to the mounted file system as-is.   If  the
       flag  is “true” (or appears without a value on command line), rclone may perform a “fixup”
       as explained below.

       The user may specify a file name to open/delete/rename/etc with a case different than what
       is  stored on mounted file system.  If an argument refers to an existing file with exactly
       the same name, then the case of the existing file on the disk will be used.  However, if a
       file  name  with  exactly  the  same  name  is not found but a name differing only by case
       exists, rclone will transparently fixup  the  name.   This  fixup  happens  only  when  an
       existing  file  is  requested.   Case  sensitivity of file names created anew by rclone is
       controlled by an underlying mounted file system.

       Note that case sensitivity of the operating system running rclone (the target) may  differ
       from  case sensitivity of a file system mounted by rclone (the source).  The flag controls
       whether “fixup” is performed to satisfy the target.

       If the flag is not provided on the command line, then its default  value  depends  on  the
       operating  system  where  rclone runs: “true” on Windows and macOS, “false” otherwise.  If
       the flag is provided without a value, then it is “true”.

              rclone mount remote:path /path/to/mountpoint [flags]

   Options
                    --allow-non-empty                        Allow mounting over a non-empty directory (not Windows).
                    --allow-other                            Allow access to other users.
                    --allow-root                             Allow access to root user.
                    --async-read                             Use asynchronous reads. (default true)
                    --attr-timeout duration                  Time for which file/directory attributes are cached. (default 1s)
                    --daemon                                 Run mount as a daemon (background mode).
                    --daemon-timeout duration                Time limit for rclone to respond to kernel (not supported by all OSes).
                    --debug-fuse                             Debug the FUSE internals - needs -v.
                    --default-permissions                    Makes kernel enforce access control based on the file mode.
                    --dir-cache-time duration                Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
                    --dir-perms FileMode                     Directory permissions (default 0777)
                    --file-perms FileMode                    File permissions (default 0666)
                    --fuse-flag stringArray                  Flags or arguments to be passed direct to libfuse/WinFsp. Repeat if required.
                    --gid uint32                             Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                -h, --help                                   help for mount
                    --max-read-ahead SizeSuffix              The number of bytes that can be prefetched for sequential reads. (default 128k)
                    --no-checksum                            Don't compare checksums on up/download.
                    --no-modtime                             Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
                    --no-seek                                Don't allow seeking in files.
                -o, --option stringArray                     Option for libfuse/WinFsp. Repeat if required.
                    --poll-interval duration                 Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
                    --read-only                              Mount read-only.
                    --uid uint32                             Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                    --umask int                              Override the permission bits set by the filesystem.
                    --vfs-cache-max-age duration             Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
                    --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix          Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode               Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration       Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
                    --vfs-case-insensitive                   If a file name not found, find a case insensitive match.
                    --vfs-read-ahead SizeSuffix              Extra read ahead over --buffer-size when using cache-mode full.
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix         Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix   If greater than --vfs-read-chunk-size, double the chunk size after each chunk read, until the limit is reached. 'off' is unlimited. (default off)
                    --vfs-read-wait duration                 Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
                    --vfs-write-back duration                Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)
                    --vfs-write-wait duration                Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)
                    --volname string                         Set the volume name (not supported by all OSes).
                    --write-back-cache                       Makes kernel buffer writes before sending them to rclone. Without this, writethrough caching is used.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone moveto

       Move file or directory from source to dest.

   Synopsis
       If  source:path  is  a  file  or  directory  then it moves it to a file or directory named
       dest:path.

       This can be used to rename files or upload single files to other than their existing name.
       If the source is a directory then it acts exactly like the move command.

       So

              rclone moveto src dst

       where src and dst are rclone paths, either remote:path or /path/to/local or C:.

       This will:

              if src is file
                  move it to dst, overwriting an existing file if it exists
              if src is directory
                  move it to dst, overwriting existing files if they exist
                  see move command for full details

       This  doesn’t  transfer  unchanged files, testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM.
       src will be deleted on successful transfer.

       Important: Since this  can  cause  data  loss,  test  first  with  the  --dry-run  or  the
       --interactive/-i flag.

       Note: Use the -P/--progress flag to view real-time transfer statistics.

              rclone moveto source:path dest:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for moveto

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone ncdu

       Explore a remote with a text based user interface.

   Synopsis
       This displays a text based user interface allowing the navigation of a remote.  It is most
       useful for answering the question - “What is using all my disk space?”.

       To  make the user interface it first scans the entire remote given and builds an in memory
       representation.  rclone ncdu can be used during this scanning phase and you  will  see  it
       building up the directory structure as it goes along.

       Here are the keys - press `?' to toggle the help on and off

               ↑,↓ or k,j to Move
               →,l to enter
               ←,h to return
               c toggle counts
               g toggle graph
               n,s,C sort by name,size,count
               d delete file/directory
               y copy current path to clipbard
               Y display current path
               ^L refresh screen
               ? to toggle help on and off
               q/ESC/c-C to quit

       This  an  homage to the ncdu tool (https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu) but for rclone remotes.  It
       is missing lots of features at the moment but is useful as it stands.

       Note that it might take some time to delete big files/folders.  The UI  won’t  respond  in
       the meantime since the deletion is done synchronously.

              rclone ncdu remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for ncdu

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone obscure

       Obscure password for use in the rclone config file.

   Synopsis
       In the rclone config file, human readable passwords are obscured.  Obscuring them is  done
       by encrypting them and writing them out in base64.  This is not a secure way of encrypting
       these passwords as rclone can decrypt them - it  is  to  prevent  “eyedropping”  -  namely
       someone seeing a password in the rclone config file by accident.

       Many  equally  important  things (like access tokens) are not obscured in the config file.
       However it is very hard to shoulder surf a 64 character hex token.

       This command can also accept a password through STDIN instead of an argument by passing  a
       hyphen as an argument.  Example:

       echo “secretpassword” | rclone obscure -

       If  there  is  no  data  on  STDIN to read, rclone obscure will default to obfuscating the
       hyphen itself.

       If you want to encrypt the config file then please use config file encryption - see rclone
       config (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config/) for more info.

              rclone obscure password [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for obscure

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone rc

       Run a command against a running rclone.

   Synopsis
       This runs a command against a running rclone.  Use the –url flag to specify an non default
       URL   to   connect   on.    This   can  be  either  a  “:port”  which  is  taken  to  mean
       “http://localhost:port” or a “host:port” which is taken to mean “http://host:port”

       A username and password can be passed in with –user and –pass.

       Note that –rc-addr, –rc-user, –rc-pass will be read also for –url, –user, –pass.

       Arguments should be passed in as parameter=value.

       The result will be returned as a JSON object by default.

       The –json parameter can be used to pass in a JSON blob as an input  instead  of  key=value
       arguments.  This is the only way of passing in more complicated values.

       The  -o/–opt option can be used to set a key “opt” with key, value options in the form “-o
       key=value” or “-o key”.  It can be repeated as many times as required.  This is useful for
       rc commands which take the “opt” parameter which by convention is a dictionary of strings.

              -o key=value -o key2

       Will place this in the “opt” value

              {"key":"value", "key2","")

       The  -a/–arg  option can be used to set strings in the “arg” value.  It can be repeated as
       many times as required.  This is useful for rc commands which  take  the  “arg”  parameter
       which by convention is a list of strings.

              -a value -a value2

       Will place this in the “arg” value

              ["value", "value2"]

       Use  –loopback to connect to the rclone instance running “rclone rc”.  This is very useful
       for testing commands without having to run an rclone rc server, eg:

              rclone rc --loopback operations/about fs=/

       Use “rclone rc” to see a list of all possible commands.

              rclone rc commands parameter [flags]

   Options
                -a, --arg stringArray   Argument placed in the "arg" array.
                -h, --help              help for rc
                    --json string       Input JSON - use instead of key=value args.
                    --loopback          If set connect to this rclone instance not via HTTP.
                    --no-output         If set don't output the JSON result.
                -o, --opt stringArray   Option in the form name=value or name placed in the "opt" array.
                    --pass string       Password to use to connect to rclone remote control.
                    --url string        URL to connect to rclone remote control. (default "http://localhost:5572/")
                    --user string       Username to use to rclone remote control.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags  and
         backends.

rclone rcat

       Copies standard input to file on remote.

   Synopsis
       rclone rcat reads from standard input (stdin) and copies it to a single remote file.

              echo "hello world" | rclone rcat remote:path/to/file
              ffmpeg - | rclone rcat remote:path/to/file

       If the remote file already exists, it will be overwritten.

       rcat  will  try to upload small files in a single request, which is usually more efficient
       than the streaming/chunked upload endpoints, which use multiple requests.  Exact behaviour
       depends  on  the  remote.  What is considered a small file may be set through --streaming-
       upload-cutoff.  Uploading only starts after the cutoff is reached  or  if  the  file  ends
       before  that.   The data must fit into RAM.  The cutoff needs to be small enough to adhere
       the limits of your remote, please see there.  Generally speaking, setting this cutoff  too
       high will decrease your performance.

       Note that the upload can also not be retried because the data is not kept around until the
       upload succeeds.  If you need to transfer a lot of data, you’re better off caching locally
       and then rclone move it to the destination.

              rclone rcat remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for rcat

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone rcd

       Run rclone listening to remote control commands only.

   Synopsis
       This runs rclone so that it only listens to remote control commands.

       This is useful if you are controlling rclone via the rc API.

       If you pass in a path to a directory, rclone will serve that directory for GET requests on
       the URL passed in.  It will also open the URL in the browser when rclone is run.

       See the rc documentation (https://rclone.org/rc/) for more info on the rc flags.

              rclone rcd <path to files to serve>* [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for rcd

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone rmdirs

       Remove empty directories under the path.

   Synopsis
       This removes any empty directories (or directories that only  contain  empty  directories)
       under the path that it finds, including the path if it has nothing in.

       If you supply the –leave-root flag, it will not remove the root directory.

       This is useful for tidying up remotes that rclone has left a lot of empty directories in.

              rclone rmdirs remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help         help for rmdirs
                    --leave-root   Do not remove root directory if empty

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone serve

       Serve a remote over a protocol.

   Synopsis
       rclone serve is used to serve a remote over a given protocol.  This command  requires  the
       use of a subcommand to specify the protocol, eg

              rclone serve http remote:

       Each subcommand has its own options which you can see in their help.

              rclone serve <protocol> [opts] <remote> [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for serve

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

       • rclone serve dlna (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_dlna/) -  Serve  remote:path
         over DLNA

       • rclone  serve  ftp  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_ftp/)  - Serve remote:path
         over FTP.

       • rclone serve http (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_http/) -  Serve  the  remote
         over HTTP.

       • rclone  serve  restic  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_restic/)  -  Serve  the
         remote for restic’s REST API.

       • rclone serve sftp (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_sftp/) -  Serve  the  remote
         over SFTP.

       • rclone   serve   webdav   (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_webdav/)   -   Serve
         remote:path over webdav.

rclone serve dlna

       Serve remote:path over DLNA

   Synopsis
       rclone serve dlna is a DLNA media server for media  stored  in  an  rclone  remote.   Many
       devices,  such  as the Xbox and PlayStation, can automatically discover this server in the
       LAN and play audio/video from it.  VLC is also  supported.   Service  discovery  uses  UDP
       multicast packets (SSDP) and will thus only work on LANs.

       Rclone will list all files present in the remote, without filtering based on media formats
       or file extensions.  Additionally, there is no media transcoding support.  This means that
       some players might show files that they are not able to play back correctly.

   Server options
       Use  --addr  to  specify  which IP address and port the server should listen on, eg --addr
       1.2.3.4:8000 or --addr :8080 to listen to all IPs.

       Use --name to choose the friendly server name, which is by default “rclone (hostname)”.

       Use --log-trace in conjunction with -vv to enable additional debug  logging  of  all  UPNP
       traffic.

   VFS - Virtual File System
       This  command  uses the VFS layer.  This adapts the cloud storage objects that rclone uses
       into something which looks much more like a disk filing system.

       Cloud storage objects have lots of properties which aren’t like disk  files  -  you  can’t
       extend  them  or  write  to  the  middle  of them, so the VFS layer has to deal with that.
       Because there is no one right way of doing this there are various options explained below.

       The VFS layer also implements a directory  cache  -  this  caches  info  about  files  and
       directories (but not the data) in memory.

   VFS Directory Cache
       Using the --dir-cache-time flag, you can control how long a directory should be considered
       up to date and not refreshed from the backend.  Changes made through the mount will appear
       immediately or invalidate the cache.

              --dir-cache-time duration   Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
              --poll-interval duration    Time to wait between polling for changes.

       However,  changes  made  directly on the cloud storage by the web interface or a different
       copy of rclone will only be picked up once the directory  cache  expires  if  the  backend
       configured does not support polling for changes.  If the backend supports polling, changes
       will be picked up within the polling interval.

       You can send a SIGHUP signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of
       how  old  they are.  Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache
       like this:

              kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)

       If you configure rclone with a remote control then you can use  rclone  rc  to  flush  the
       whole directory cache:

              rclone rc vfs/forget

       Or individual files or directories:

              rclone rc vfs/forget file=path/to/file dir=path/to/dir

   VFS File Buffering
       The  --buffer-size  flag determines the amount of memory, that will be used to buffer data
       in advance.

       Each open file will try to keep the specified amount of data in memory at all times.   The
       buffered data is bound to one open file and won’t be shared.

       This  flag  is  a upper limit for the used memory per open file.  The buffer will only use
       memory for data that is downloaded but not not yet read.  If the buffer is empty,  only  a
       small amount of memory will be used.

       The maximum memory used by rclone for buffering can be up to --buffer-size * open files.

   VFS File Caching
       These  flags  control the VFS file caching options.  File caching is necessary to make the
       VFS layer appear compatible with a normal file system.  It can be disabled at the cost  of
       some compatibility.

       For example you’ll need to enable VFS caching if you want to read and write simultaneously
       to a file.  See below for more details.

       Note that the VFS cache is separate from the cache backend and you may find that you  need
       one or the other or both.

              --cache-dir string                   Directory rclone will use for caching.
              --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode           Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
              --vfs-cache-max-age duration         Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
              --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix      Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
              --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration   Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
              --vfs-write-back duration            Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)

       If run with -vv rclone will print the location of the file cache.  The files are stored in
       the user cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with  --cache-dir  or
       setting the appropriate environment variable.

       The  cache  has 4 different modes selected by --vfs-cache-mode.  The higher the cache mode
       the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.

       Note that files are written back to the remote only when  they  are  closed  and  if  they
       haven’t  been  accessed  for –vfs-write-back second.  If rclone is quit or dies with files
       that haven’t been uploaded, these will be uploaded next time rclone is run with  the  same
       flags.

       If  using  –vfs-cache-max-size  note  that the cache may exceed this size for two reasons.
       Firstly because it is only checked every –vfs-cache-poll-interval.  Secondly because  open
       files cannot be evicted from the cache.

   –vfs-cache-mode off
       In this mode (the default) the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly
       to the remote without caching anything on disk.

       This will mean some operations are not possible

       • Files can’t be opened for both read AND write

       • Files opened for write can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only

       • Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied

       • Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode minimal
       This is very similar to “off” except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered
       to  disk.   This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible, but uses
       the minimal disk space.

       These operations are not possible

       • Files opened for write only can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode writes
       In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly  from  the  remote,  write
       only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations.

       If  an  upload  fails  it  will  be  retried at exponentially increasing intervals up to 1
       minute.

   –vfs-cache-mode full
       In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.  When data is  read  from
       the remote this is buffered to disk as well.

       In  this  mode  the  files in the cache will be sparse files and rclone will keep track of
       which bits of the files it has dowloaded.

       So if an application only reads the starts of each file, then rclone will only buffer  the
       start  of  the file.  These files will appear to be their full size in the cache, but they
       will be sparse files with only the data that has been downloaded present in them.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations and is otherwise  identical  to
       –vfs-cache-mode writes.

       When  reading  a file rclone will read –buffer-size plus –vfs-read-ahead bytes ahead.  The
       –buffer-size is buffered in memory whereas the –vfs-read-ahead is buffered on disk.

       When using this mode it is recommended that –buffer-size is not set too big and –vfs-read-
       ahead is set large if required.

       IMPORTANT  not  all  file  systems  support sparse files.  In particular FAT/exFAT do not.
       Rclone will perform very badly if the cache directory is on  a  filesystem  which  doesn’t
       support sparse files and it will log an ERROR message if one is detected.

   VFS Performance
       These  flags  may  be  used to enable/disable features of the VFS for performance or other
       reasons.

       In particular S3 and Swift benefit hugely from the –no-modtime flag (or  use  –use-server-
       modtime  for  a  slightly  different effect) as each read of the modification time takes a
       transaction.

              --no-checksum     Don't compare checksums on up/download.
              --no-modtime      Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
              --no-seek         Don't allow seeking in files.
              --read-only       Mount read-only.

       When rclone reads files from a remote it reads them in chunks.   This  means  that  rather
       than  requesting  the  whole  file rclone reads the chunk specified.  This is advantageous
       because some cloud providers account for reads being all the data requested, not  all  the
       data delivered.

       Rclone will keep doubling the chunk size requested starting at –vfs-read-chunk-size with a
       maximum of –vfs-read-chunk-size-limit unless it is set to “off” in which case  there  will
       be no limit.

              --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix        Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
              --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix  Max chunk doubling size (default "off")

       Sometimes  rclone  is  delivered reads or writes out of order.  Rather than seeking rclone
       will wait a short time for the in sequence read or write to come  in.   These  flags  only
       come into effect when not using an on disk cache file.

              --vfs-read-wait duration   Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
              --vfs-write-wait duration  Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

   VFS Case Sensitivity
       Linux  file  systems  are case-sensitive: two files can differ only by case, and the exact
       case must be used when opening a file.

       File systems in modern Windows are case-insensitive but case-preserving: although existing
       files  can  be  opened using any case, the exact case used to create the file is preserved
       and available for programs to query.  It  is  not  allowed  for  two  files  in  the  same
       directory to differ only by case.

       Usually  file  systems  on  macOS are case-insensitive.  It is possible to make macOS file
       systems case-sensitive but that is not the default

       The “–vfs-case-insensitive” mount flag controls how rclone handles these  two  cases.   If
       its  value  is “false”, rclone passes file names to the mounted file system as-is.  If the
       flag is “true” (or appears without a value on command line), rclone may perform a  “fixup”
       as explained below.

       The user may specify a file name to open/delete/rename/etc with a case different than what
       is stored on mounted file system.  If an argument refers to an existing file with  exactly
       the same name, then the case of the existing file on the disk will be used.  However, if a
       file name with exactly the same name is not found  but  a  name  differing  only  by  case
       exists,  rclone  will  transparently  fixup  the  name.   This  fixup happens only when an
       existing file is requested.  Case sensitivity of file names  created  anew  by  rclone  is
       controlled by an underlying mounted file system.

       Note  that case sensitivity of the operating system running rclone (the target) may differ
       from case sensitivity of a file system mounted by rclone (the source).  The flag  controls
       whether “fixup” is performed to satisfy the target.

       If  the  flag  is  not provided on the command line, then its default value depends on the
       operating system where rclone runs: “true” on Windows and macOS,  “false”  otherwise.   If
       the flag is provided without a value, then it is “true”.

              rclone serve dlna remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --addr string                            ip:port or :port to bind the DLNA http server to. (default ":7879")
                    --dir-cache-time duration                Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
                    --dir-perms FileMode                     Directory permissions (default 0777)
                    --file-perms FileMode                    File permissions (default 0666)
                    --gid uint32                             Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                -h, --help                                   help for dlna
                    --log-trace                              enable trace logging of SOAP traffic
                    --name string                            name of DLNA server
                    --no-checksum                            Don't compare checksums on up/download.
                    --no-modtime                             Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
                    --no-seek                                Don't allow seeking in files.
                    --poll-interval duration                 Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
                    --read-only                              Mount read-only.
                    --uid uint32                             Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                    --umask int                              Override the permission bits set by the filesystem. (default 2)
                    --vfs-cache-max-age duration             Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
                    --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix          Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode               Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration       Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
                    --vfs-case-insensitive                   If a file name not found, find a case insensitive match.
                    --vfs-read-ahead SizeSuffix              Extra read ahead over --buffer-size when using cache-mode full.
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix         Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix   If greater than --vfs-read-chunk-size, double the chunk size after each chunk read, until the limit is reached. 'off' is unlimited. (default off)
                    --vfs-read-wait duration                 Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
                    --vfs-write-back duration                Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)
                    --vfs-write-wait duration                Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  -  Serve  a  remote  over  a
         protocol.

rclone serve ftp

       Serve remote:path over FTP.

   Synopsis
       rclone serve ftp implements a basic ftp server to serve  the  remote  over  FTP  protocol.
       This  can  be  viewed  with  a ftp client or you can make a remote of type ftp to read and
       write it.

   Server options
       Use –addr to specify which IP address and port the  server  should  listen  on,  eg  –addr
       1.2.3.4:8000  or  –addr  :8080  to  listen  to  all  IPs.   By  default it only listens on
       localhost.  You can use port :0 to let the OS choose an available port.

       If you set –addr  to  listen  on  a  public  or  LAN  accessible  IP  address  then  using
       Authentication is advised - see the next section for info.

   Authentication
       By default this will serve files without needing a login.

       You can set a single username and password with the –user and –pass flags.

   VFS - Virtual File System
       This  command  uses the VFS layer.  This adapts the cloud storage objects that rclone uses
       into something which looks much more like a disk filing system.

       Cloud storage objects have lots of properties which aren’t like disk  files  -  you  can’t
       extend  them  or  write  to  the  middle  of them, so the VFS layer has to deal with that.
       Because there is no one right way of doing this there are various options explained below.

       The VFS layer also implements a directory  cache  -  this  caches  info  about  files  and
       directories (but not the data) in memory.

   VFS Directory Cache
       Using the --dir-cache-time flag, you can control how long a directory should be considered
       up to date and not refreshed from the backend.  Changes made through the mount will appear
       immediately or invalidate the cache.

              --dir-cache-time duration   Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
              --poll-interval duration    Time to wait between polling for changes.

       However,  changes  made  directly on the cloud storage by the web interface or a different
       copy of rclone will only be picked up once the directory  cache  expires  if  the  backend
       configured does not support polling for changes.  If the backend supports polling, changes
       will be picked up within the polling interval.

       You can send a SIGHUP signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of
       how  old  they are.  Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache
       like this:

              kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)

       If you configure rclone with a remote control then you can use  rclone  rc  to  flush  the
       whole directory cache:

              rclone rc vfs/forget

       Or individual files or directories:

              rclone rc vfs/forget file=path/to/file dir=path/to/dir

   VFS File Buffering
       The  --buffer-size  flag determines the amount of memory, that will be used to buffer data
       in advance.

       Each open file will try to keep the specified amount of data in memory at all times.   The
       buffered data is bound to one open file and won’t be shared.

       This  flag  is  a upper limit for the used memory per open file.  The buffer will only use
       memory for data that is downloaded but not not yet read.  If the buffer is empty,  only  a
       small amount of memory will be used.

       The maximum memory used by rclone for buffering can be up to --buffer-size * open files.

   VFS File Caching
       These  flags  control the VFS file caching options.  File caching is necessary to make the
       VFS layer appear compatible with a normal file system.  It can be disabled at the cost  of
       some compatibility.

       For example you’ll need to enable VFS caching if you want to read and write simultaneously
       to a file.  See below for more details.

       Note that the VFS cache is separate from the cache backend and you may find that you  need
       one or the other or both.

              --cache-dir string                   Directory rclone will use for caching.
              --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode           Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
              --vfs-cache-max-age duration         Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
              --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix      Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
              --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration   Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
              --vfs-write-back duration            Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)

       If run with -vv rclone will print the location of the file cache.  The files are stored in
       the user cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with  --cache-dir  or
       setting the appropriate environment variable.

       The  cache  has 4 different modes selected by --vfs-cache-mode.  The higher the cache mode
       the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.

       Note that files are written back to the remote only when  they  are  closed  and  if  they
       haven’t  been  accessed  for –vfs-write-back second.  If rclone is quit or dies with files
       that haven’t been uploaded, these will be uploaded next time rclone is run with  the  same
       flags.

       If  using  –vfs-cache-max-size  note  that the cache may exceed this size for two reasons.
       Firstly because it is only checked every –vfs-cache-poll-interval.  Secondly because  open
       files cannot be evicted from the cache.

   –vfs-cache-mode off
       In this mode (the default) the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly
       to the remote without caching anything on disk.

       This will mean some operations are not possible

       • Files can’t be opened for both read AND write

       • Files opened for write can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only

       • Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied

       • Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode minimal
       This is very similar to “off” except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered
       to  disk.   This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible, but uses
       the minimal disk space.

       These operations are not possible

       • Files opened for write only can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode writes
       In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly  from  the  remote,  write
       only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations.

       If  an  upload  fails  it  will  be  retried at exponentially increasing intervals up to 1
       minute.

   –vfs-cache-mode full
       In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.  When data is  read  from
       the remote this is buffered to disk as well.

       In  this  mode  the  files in the cache will be sparse files and rclone will keep track of
       which bits of the files it has dowloaded.

       So if an application only reads the starts of each file, then rclone will only buffer  the
       start  of  the file.  These files will appear to be their full size in the cache, but they
       will be sparse files with only the data that has been downloaded present in them.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations and is otherwise  identical  to
       –vfs-cache-mode writes.

       When  reading  a file rclone will read –buffer-size plus –vfs-read-ahead bytes ahead.  The
       –buffer-size is buffered in memory whereas the –vfs-read-ahead is buffered on disk.

       When using this mode it is recommended that –buffer-size is not set too big and –vfs-read-
       ahead is set large if required.

       IMPORTANT  not  all  file  systems  support sparse files.  In particular FAT/exFAT do not.
       Rclone will perform very badly if the cache directory is on  a  filesystem  which  doesn’t
       support sparse files and it will log an ERROR message if one is detected.

   VFS Performance
       These  flags  may  be  used to enable/disable features of the VFS for performance or other
       reasons.

       In particular S3 and Swift benefit hugely from the –no-modtime flag (or  use  –use-server-
       modtime  for  a  slightly  different effect) as each read of the modification time takes a
       transaction.

              --no-checksum     Don't compare checksums on up/download.
              --no-modtime      Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
              --no-seek         Don't allow seeking in files.
              --read-only       Mount read-only.

       When rclone reads files from a remote it reads them in chunks.   This  means  that  rather
       than  requesting  the  whole  file rclone reads the chunk specified.  This is advantageous
       because some cloud providers account for reads being all the data requested, not  all  the
       data delivered.

       Rclone will keep doubling the chunk size requested starting at –vfs-read-chunk-size with a
       maximum of –vfs-read-chunk-size-limit unless it is set to “off” in which case  there  will
       be no limit.

              --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix        Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
              --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix  Max chunk doubling size (default "off")

       Sometimes  rclone  is  delivered reads or writes out of order.  Rather than seeking rclone
       will wait a short time for the in sequence read or write to come  in.   These  flags  only
       come into effect when not using an on disk cache file.

              --vfs-read-wait duration   Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
              --vfs-write-wait duration  Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

   VFS Case Sensitivity
       Linux  file  systems  are case-sensitive: two files can differ only by case, and the exact
       case must be used when opening a file.

       File systems in modern Windows are case-insensitive but case-preserving: although existing
       files  can  be  opened using any case, the exact case used to create the file is preserved
       and available for programs to query.  It  is  not  allowed  for  two  files  in  the  same
       directory to differ only by case.

       Usually  file  systems  on  macOS are case-insensitive.  It is possible to make macOS file
       systems case-sensitive but that is not the default

       The “–vfs-case-insensitive” mount flag controls how rclone handles these  two  cases.   If
       its  value  is “false”, rclone passes file names to the mounted file system as-is.  If the
       flag is “true” (or appears without a value on command line), rclone may perform a  “fixup”
       as explained below.

       The user may specify a file name to open/delete/rename/etc with a case different than what
       is stored on mounted file system.  If an argument refers to an existing file with  exactly
       the same name, then the case of the existing file on the disk will be used.  However, if a
       file name with exactly the same name is not found  but  a  name  differing  only  by  case
       exists,  rclone  will  transparently  fixup  the  name.   This  fixup happens only when an
       existing file is requested.  Case sensitivity of file names  created  anew  by  rclone  is
       controlled by an underlying mounted file system.

       Note  that case sensitivity of the operating system running rclone (the target) may differ
       from case sensitivity of a file system mounted by rclone (the source).  The flag  controls
       whether “fixup” is performed to satisfy the target.

       If  the  flag  is  not provided on the command line, then its default value depends on the
       operating system where rclone runs: “true” on Windows and macOS,  “false”  otherwise.   If
       the flag is provided without a value, then it is “true”.

   Auth Proxy
       If  you  supply  the  parameter  --auth-proxy  /path/to/program  then rclone will use that
       program to generate backends on the fly which  then  are  used  to  authenticate  incoming
       requests.  This uses a simple JSON based protocl with input on STDIN and output on STDOUT.

       PLEASE  NOTE:  --auth-proxy and --authorized-keys cannot be used together, if --auth-proxy
       is set the authorized keys option will be ignored.

       There          is          an          example          program          bin/test_proxy.py
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/blob/master/test_proxy.py) in the rclone source code.

       The  program’s  job is to take a user and pass on the input and turn those into the config
       for a backend on STDOUT in JSON format.  This config will have any default parameters  for
       the  backend  added,  but it won’t use configuration from environment variables or command
       line options - it is the job of the proxy program to make a complete config.

       This config generated must have this extra parameter - _root - root to use for the backend

       And it may have this parameter - _obscure - comma  separated  strings  for  parameters  to
       obscure

       If  password  authentication was used by the client, input to the proxy process (on STDIN)
       would look similar to this:

              {
                  "user": "me",
                  "pass": "mypassword"
              }

       If public-key authentication was used by the client, input to the proxy process (on STDIN)
       would look similar to this:

              {
                  "user": "me",
                  "public_key": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDuwESFdAe14hVS6omeyX7edc...JQdf"
              }

       And as an example return this on STDOUT

              {
                  "type": "sftp",
                  "_root": "",
                  "_obscure": "pass",
                  "user": "me",
                  "pass": "mypassword",
                  "host": "sftp.example.com"
              }

       This  would  mean  that  an  SFTP  backend  would  be  created on the fly for the user and
       pass/public_key returned in the output to the host given.  Note that since _obscure is set
       to  pass,  rclone  will  obscure  the pass parameter before creating the backend (which is
       required for sftp backends).

       The program can manipulate the supplied user in any way, for example to make proxy to many
       different sftp backends, you could make the user be user@example.com and then set the host
       to example.com in the output and the user to user.  For security you’d  probably  want  to
       restrict the host to a limited list.

       Note that an internal cache is keyed on user so only use that for configuration, don’t use
       pass or public_key.  This also means that if a user’s password or  public-key  is  changed
       the cache will need to expire (which takes 5 mins) before it takes effect.

       This  can  be  used  to  build  general purpose proxies to any kind of backend that rclone
       supports.

              rclone serve ftp remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --addr string                            IPaddress:Port or :Port to bind server to. (default "localhost:2121")
                    --auth-proxy string                      A program to use to create the backend from the auth.
                    --dir-cache-time duration                Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
                    --dir-perms FileMode                     Directory permissions (default 0777)
                    --file-perms FileMode                    File permissions (default 0666)
                    --gid uint32                             Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                -h, --help                                   help for ftp
                    --no-checksum                            Don't compare checksums on up/download.
                    --no-modtime                             Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
                    --no-seek                                Don't allow seeking in files.
                    --pass string                            Password for authentication. (empty value allow every password)
                    --passive-port string                    Passive port range to use. (default "30000-32000")
                    --poll-interval duration                 Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
                    --public-ip string                       Public IP address to advertise for passive connections.
                    --read-only                              Mount read-only.
                    --uid uint32                             Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                    --umask int                              Override the permission bits set by the filesystem. (default 2)
                    --user string                            User name for authentication. (default "anonymous")
                    --vfs-cache-max-age duration             Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
                    --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix          Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode               Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration       Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
                    --vfs-case-insensitive                   If a file name not found, find a case insensitive match.
                    --vfs-read-ahead SizeSuffix              Extra read ahead over --buffer-size when using cache-mode full.
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix         Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix   If greater than --vfs-read-chunk-size, double the chunk size after each chunk read, until the limit is reached. 'off' is unlimited. (default off)
                    --vfs-read-wait duration                 Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
                    --vfs-write-back duration                Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)
                    --vfs-write-wait duration                Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  -  Serve  a  remote  over  a
         protocol.

rclone serve http

       Serve the remote over HTTP.

   Synopsis
       rclone  serve  http implements a basic web server to serve the remote over HTTP.  This can
       be viewed in a web browser or you can make a remote of type http read from it.

       You can use the filter flags (eg –include, –exclude) to control what is served.

       The server will log errors.  Use -v to see access logs.

       –bwlimit will be respected for file transfers.  Use –stats to control the stats printing.

   Server options
       Use –addr to specify which IP address and port the  server  should  listen  on,  eg  –addr
       1.2.3.4:8000  or  –addr  :8080  to  listen  to  all  IPs.   By  default it only listens on
       localhost.  You can use port :0 to let the OS choose an available port.

       If you set –addr  to  listen  on  a  public  or  LAN  accessible  IP  address  then  using
       Authentication is advised - see the next section for info.

       –server-read-timeout  and –server-write-timeout can be used to control the timeouts on the
       server.  Note that this is the total time for a transfer.

       –max-header-bytes controls the maximum number of bytes the server will accept in the  HTTP
       header.

       –baseurl  controls  the  URL prefix that rclone serves from.  By default rclone will serve
       from the root.  If you used –baseurl “/rclone” then rclone would serve from a URL starting
       with  “/rclone/”.  This is useful if you wish to proxy rclone serve.  Rclone automatically
       inserts leading and trailing “/” on –baseurl, so –baseurl “rclone”, –baseurl “/rclone” and
       –baseurl “/rclone/” are all treated identically.

       –template  allows  a  user  to  specify a custom markup template for http and webdav serve
       functions.  The server exports the following markup to be  used  within  the  template  to
       server pages:

       Parameter                             Description
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       .Name                                 The full path of a file/directory.
       .Title                                Directory listing of .Name
       .Sort                                 The  current  sort  used.   This is
                                             changeable via ?sort= parameter
                                             Sort                       Options:
                                             namedirfist,name,size,time (default
                                             namedirfirst)
       .Order                                The current ordering used.  This is
                                             changeable via ?order= parameter
                                             Order  Options:  asc,desc  (default
                                             asc)
       .Query                                Currently unused.
       .Breadcrumb                           Allows  for  creating  a   relative
                                             navigation
       – .Link                               The  relative  to  the root link of
                                             the Text.
       – .Text                               The Name of the directory.
       .Entries                              Information   about   a    specific
                                             file/directory.
       – .URL                                The `url' of an entry.
       – .Leaf                               Currently   same   as   `URL'   but
                                             intended to be `just' the name.
       – .IsDir                              Boolean  for  if  an  entry  is   a
                                             directory or not.
       – .Size                               Size in Bytes of the entry.
       – .ModTime                            The UTC timestamp of an entry.

   Authentication
       By default this will serve files without needing a login.

       You can either use an htpasswd file which can take lots of users, or set a single username
       and password with the –user and –pass flags.

       Use –htpasswd /path/to/htpasswd to provide an htpasswd file.  This is in  standard  apache
       format and supports MD5, SHA1 and BCrypt for basic authentication.  Bcrypt is recommended.

       To create an htpasswd file:

              touch htpasswd
              htpasswd -B htpasswd user
              htpasswd -B htpasswd anotherUser

       The password file can be updated while rclone is running.

       Use –realm to set the authentication realm.

   SSL/TLS
       By  default  this  will  serve over http.  If you want you can serve over https.  You will
       need to supply the –cert and –key flags.  If  you  wish  to  do  client  side  certificate
       validation then you will need to supply –client-ca also.

       –cert  should  be  either a PEM encoded certificate or a concatenation of that with the CA
       certificate.  –key should be the PEM encoded private key and –client-ca should be the  PEM
       encoded client certificate authority certificate.

   VFS - Virtual File System
       This  command  uses the VFS layer.  This adapts the cloud storage objects that rclone uses
       into something which looks much more like a disk filing system.

       Cloud storage objects have lots of properties which aren’t like disk  files  -  you  can’t
       extend  them  or  write  to  the  middle  of them, so the VFS layer has to deal with that.
       Because there is no one right way of doing this there are various options explained below.

       The VFS layer also implements a directory  cache  -  this  caches  info  about  files  and
       directories (but not the data) in memory.

   VFS Directory Cache
       Using the --dir-cache-time flag, you can control how long a directory should be considered
       up to date and not refreshed from the backend.  Changes made through the mount will appear
       immediately or invalidate the cache.

              --dir-cache-time duration   Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
              --poll-interval duration    Time to wait between polling for changes.

       However,  changes  made  directly on the cloud storage by the web interface or a different
       copy of rclone will only be picked up once the directory  cache  expires  if  the  backend
       configured does not support polling for changes.  If the backend supports polling, changes
       will be picked up within the polling interval.

       You can send a SIGHUP signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of
       how  old  they are.  Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache
       like this:

              kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)

       If you configure rclone with a remote control then you can use  rclone  rc  to  flush  the
       whole directory cache:

              rclone rc vfs/forget

       Or individual files or directories:

              rclone rc vfs/forget file=path/to/file dir=path/to/dir

   VFS File Buffering
       The  --buffer-size  flag determines the amount of memory, that will be used to buffer data
       in advance.

       Each open file will try to keep the specified amount of data in memory at all times.   The
       buffered data is bound to one open file and won’t be shared.

       This  flag  is  a upper limit for the used memory per open file.  The buffer will only use
       memory for data that is downloaded but not not yet read.  If the buffer is empty,  only  a
       small amount of memory will be used.

       The maximum memory used by rclone for buffering can be up to --buffer-size * open files.

   VFS File Caching
       These  flags  control the VFS file caching options.  File caching is necessary to make the
       VFS layer appear compatible with a normal file system.  It can be disabled at the cost  of
       some compatibility.

       For example you’ll need to enable VFS caching if you want to read and write simultaneously
       to a file.  See below for more details.

       Note that the VFS cache is separate from the cache backend and you may find that you  need
       one or the other or both.

              --cache-dir string                   Directory rclone will use for caching.
              --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode           Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
              --vfs-cache-max-age duration         Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
              --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix      Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
              --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration   Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
              --vfs-write-back duration            Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)

       If run with -vv rclone will print the location of the file cache.  The files are stored in
       the user cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with  --cache-dir  or
       setting the appropriate environment variable.

       The  cache  has 4 different modes selected by --vfs-cache-mode.  The higher the cache mode
       the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.

       Note that files are written back to the remote only when  they  are  closed  and  if  they
       haven’t  been  accessed  for –vfs-write-back second.  If rclone is quit or dies with files
       that haven’t been uploaded, these will be uploaded next time rclone is run with  the  same
       flags.

       If  using  –vfs-cache-max-size  note  that the cache may exceed this size for two reasons.
       Firstly because it is only checked every –vfs-cache-poll-interval.  Secondly because  open
       files cannot be evicted from the cache.

   –vfs-cache-mode off
       In this mode (the default) the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly
       to the remote without caching anything on disk.

       This will mean some operations are not possible

       • Files can’t be opened for both read AND write

       • Files opened for write can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only

       • Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied

       • Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode minimal
       This is very similar to “off” except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered
       to  disk.   This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible, but uses
       the minimal disk space.

       These operations are not possible

       • Files opened for write only can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode writes
       In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly  from  the  remote,  write
       only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations.

       If  an  upload  fails  it  will  be  retried at exponentially increasing intervals up to 1
       minute.

   –vfs-cache-mode full
       In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.  When data is  read  from
       the remote this is buffered to disk as well.

       In  this  mode  the  files in the cache will be sparse files and rclone will keep track of
       which bits of the files it has dowloaded.

       So if an application only reads the starts of each file, then rclone will only buffer  the
       start  of  the file.  These files will appear to be their full size in the cache, but they
       will be sparse files with only the data that has been downloaded present in them.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations and is otherwise  identical  to
       –vfs-cache-mode writes.

       When  reading  a file rclone will read –buffer-size plus –vfs-read-ahead bytes ahead.  The
       –buffer-size is buffered in memory whereas the –vfs-read-ahead is buffered on disk.

       When using this mode it is recommended that –buffer-size is not set too big and –vfs-read-
       ahead is set large if required.

       IMPORTANT  not  all  file  systems  support sparse files.  In particular FAT/exFAT do not.
       Rclone will perform very badly if the cache directory is on  a  filesystem  which  doesn’t
       support sparse files and it will log an ERROR message if one is detected.

   VFS Performance
       These  flags  may  be  used to enable/disable features of the VFS for performance or other
       reasons.

       In particular S3 and Swift benefit hugely from the –no-modtime flag (or  use  –use-server-
       modtime  for  a  slightly  different effect) as each read of the modification time takes a
       transaction.

              --no-checksum     Don't compare checksums on up/download.
              --no-modtime      Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
              --no-seek         Don't allow seeking in files.
              --read-only       Mount read-only.

       When rclone reads files from a remote it reads them in chunks.   This  means  that  rather
       than  requesting  the  whole  file rclone reads the chunk specified.  This is advantageous
       because some cloud providers account for reads being all the data requested, not  all  the
       data delivered.

       Rclone will keep doubling the chunk size requested starting at –vfs-read-chunk-size with a
       maximum of –vfs-read-chunk-size-limit unless it is set to “off” in which case  there  will
       be no limit.

              --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix        Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
              --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix  Max chunk doubling size (default "off")

       Sometimes  rclone  is  delivered reads or writes out of order.  Rather than seeking rclone
       will wait a short time for the in sequence read or write to come  in.   These  flags  only
       come into effect when not using an on disk cache file.

              --vfs-read-wait duration   Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
              --vfs-write-wait duration  Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

   VFS Case Sensitivity
       Linux  file  systems  are case-sensitive: two files can differ only by case, and the exact
       case must be used when opening a file.

       File systems in modern Windows are case-insensitive but case-preserving: although existing
       files  can  be  opened using any case, the exact case used to create the file is preserved
       and available for programs to query.  It  is  not  allowed  for  two  files  in  the  same
       directory to differ only by case.

       Usually  file  systems  on  macOS are case-insensitive.  It is possible to make macOS file
       systems case-sensitive but that is not the default

       The “–vfs-case-insensitive” mount flag controls how rclone handles these  two  cases.   If
       its  value  is “false”, rclone passes file names to the mounted file system as-is.  If the
       flag is “true” (or appears without a value on command line), rclone may perform a  “fixup”
       as explained below.

       The user may specify a file name to open/delete/rename/etc with a case different than what
       is stored on mounted file system.  If an argument refers to an existing file with  exactly
       the same name, then the case of the existing file on the disk will be used.  However, if a
       file name with exactly the same name is not found  but  a  name  differing  only  by  case
       exists,  rclone  will  transparently  fixup  the  name.   This  fixup happens only when an
       existing file is requested.  Case sensitivity of file names  created  anew  by  rclone  is
       controlled by an underlying mounted file system.

       Note  that case sensitivity of the operating system running rclone (the target) may differ
       from case sensitivity of a file system mounted by rclone (the source).  The flag  controls
       whether “fixup” is performed to satisfy the target.

       If  the  flag  is  not provided on the command line, then its default value depends on the
       operating system where rclone runs: “true” on Windows and macOS,  “false”  otherwise.   If
       the flag is provided without a value, then it is “true”.

              rclone serve http remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --addr string                            IPaddress:Port or :Port to bind server to. (default "localhost:8080")
                    --baseurl string                         Prefix for URLs - leave blank for root.
                    --cert string                            SSL PEM key (concatenation of certificate and CA certificate)
                    --client-ca string                       Client certificate authority to verify clients with
                    --dir-cache-time duration                Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
                    --dir-perms FileMode                     Directory permissions (default 0777)
                    --file-perms FileMode                    File permissions (default 0666)
                    --gid uint32                             Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                -h, --help                                   help for http
                    --htpasswd string                        htpasswd file - if not provided no authentication is done
                    --key string                             SSL PEM Private key
                    --max-header-bytes int                   Maximum size of request header (default 4096)
                    --no-checksum                            Don't compare checksums on up/download.
                    --no-modtime                             Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
                    --no-seek                                Don't allow seeking in files.
                    --pass string                            Password for authentication.
                    --poll-interval duration                 Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
                    --read-only                              Mount read-only.
                    --realm string                           realm for authentication (default "rclone")
                    --server-read-timeout duration           Timeout for server reading data (default 1h0m0s)
                    --server-write-timeout duration          Timeout for server writing data (default 1h0m0s)
                    --template string                        User Specified Template.
                    --uid uint32                             Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                    --umask int                              Override the permission bits set by the filesystem. (default 2)
                    --user string                            User name for authentication.
                    --vfs-cache-max-age duration             Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
                    --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix          Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode               Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration       Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
                    --vfs-case-insensitive                   If a file name not found, find a case insensitive match.
                    --vfs-read-ahead SizeSuffix              Extra read ahead over --buffer-size when using cache-mode full.
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix         Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix   If greater than --vfs-read-chunk-size, double the chunk size after each chunk read, until the limit is reached. 'off' is unlimited. (default off)
                    --vfs-read-wait duration                 Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
                    --vfs-write-back duration                Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)
                    --vfs-write-wait duration                Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  -  Serve  a  remote  over  a
         protocol.

rclone serve restic

       Serve the remote for restic’s REST API.

   Synopsis
       rclone serve restic implements restic’s REST backend API over HTTP.  This allows restic to
       use  rclone  as  a data storage mechanism for cloud providers that restic does not support
       directly.

       Restic (https://restic.net/) is a command line program for doing backups.

       The server will log errors.  Use -v to see access logs.

       –bwlimit will be respected for file transfers.  Use –stats to control the stats printing.

   Setting up rclone for use by restic
       First set up a remote for your chosen cloud provider (https://rclone.org/docs/#configure).

       Once you have set up the remote, check  it  is  working  with,  for  example  “rclone  lsd
       remote:”.  You may have called the remote something other than “remote:” - just substitute
       whatever you called it in the following instructions.

       Now start the rclone restic server

              rclone serve restic -v remote:backup

       Where you can replace “backup” in the above by whatever path in the  remote  you  wish  to
       use.

       By default this will serve on “localhost:8080” you can change this with use of the “–addr”
       flag.

       You might wish to start this server on boot.

   Setting up restic to use rclone
       Now         you         can         follow         the         restic         instructions
       (http://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/030_preparing_a_new_repo.html#rest-server)      on
       setting up restic.

       Note that you will need restic 0.8.2 or later to interoperate with rclone.

       For the example above you will want to use “http://localhost:8080/” as  the  URL  for  the
       REST server.

       For example:

              $ export RESTIC_REPOSITORY=rest:http://localhost:8080/
              $ export RESTIC_PASSWORD=yourpassword
              $ restic init
              created restic backend 8b1a4b56ae at rest:http://localhost:8080/

              Please note that knowledge of your password is required to access
              the repository. Losing your password means that your data is
              irrecoverably lost.
              $ restic backup /path/to/files/to/backup
              scan [/path/to/files/to/backup]
              scanned 189 directories, 312 files in 0:00
              [0:00] 100.00%  38.128 MiB / 38.128 MiB  501 / 501 items  0 errors  ETA 0:00
              duration: 0:00
              snapshot 45c8fdd8 saved

   Multiple repositories
       Note  that  you  can  use the endpoint to host multiple repositories.  Do this by adding a
       directory name or path after the URL.  Note that these must end with /.  Eg

              $ export RESTIC_REPOSITORY=rest:http://localhost:8080/user1repo/
              # backup user1 stuff
              $ export RESTIC_REPOSITORY=rest:http://localhost:8080/user2repo/
              # backup user2 stuff

   Private repositories
       The “–private-repos” flag can be used to limit users to repositories starting with a  path
       of /<username>/.

   Server options
       Use  –addr  to  specify  which  IP  address and port the server should listen on, eg –addr
       1.2.3.4:8000 or –addr :8080 to  listen  to  all  IPs.   By  default  it  only  listens  on
       localhost.  You can use port :0 to let the OS choose an available port.

       If  you  set  –addr  to  listen  on  a  public  or  LAN  accessible  IP address then using
       Authentication is advised - see the next section for info.

       –server-read-timeout and –server-write-timeout can be used to control the timeouts on  the
       server.  Note that this is the total time for a transfer.

       –max-header-bytes  controls the maximum number of bytes the server will accept in the HTTP
       header.

       –baseurl controls the URL prefix that rclone serves from.  By default  rclone  will  serve
       from the root.  If you used –baseurl “/rclone” then rclone would serve from a URL starting
       with “/rclone/”.  This is useful if you wish to proxy rclone serve.  Rclone  automatically
       inserts leading and trailing “/” on –baseurl, so –baseurl “rclone”, –baseurl “/rclone” and
       –baseurl “/rclone/” are all treated identically.

       –template allows a user to specify a custom markup template  for  http  and  webdav  serve
       functions.   The  server  exports  the  following markup to be used within the template to
       server pages:

       Parameter                             Description
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       .Name                                 The full path of a file/directory.
       .Title                                Directory listing of .Name
       .Sort                                 The current  sort  used.   This  is
                                             changeable via ?sort= parameter
                                             Sort                       Options:
                                             namedirfist,name,size,time (default
                                             namedirfirst)
       .Order                                The current ordering used.  This is
                                             changeable via ?order= parameter
                                             Order  Options:  asc,desc  (default
                                             asc)
       .Query                                Currently unused.
       .Breadcrumb                           Allows   for  creating  a  relative
                                             navigation
       – .Link                               The relative to the  root  link  of
                                             the Text.
       – .Text                               The Name of the directory.
       .Entries                              Information    about   a   specific
                                             file/directory.
       – .URL                                The `url' of an entry.
       – .Leaf                               Currently   same   as   `URL'   but
                                             intended to be `just' the name.
       – .IsDir                              Boolean   for  if  an  entry  is  a
                                             directory or not.
       – .Size                               Size in Bytes of the entry.
       – .ModTime                            The UTC timestamp of an entry.

   Authentication
       By default this will serve files without needing a login.

       You can either use an htpasswd file which can take lots of users, or set a single username
       and password with the –user and –pass flags.

       Use  –htpasswd  /path/to/htpasswd to provide an htpasswd file.  This is in standard apache
       format and supports MD5, SHA1 and BCrypt for basic authentication.  Bcrypt is recommended.

       To create an htpasswd file:

              touch htpasswd
              htpasswd -B htpasswd user
              htpasswd -B htpasswd anotherUser

       The password file can be updated while rclone is running.

       Use –realm to set the authentication realm.

   SSL/TLS
       By default this will serve over http.  If you want you can serve  over  https.   You  will
       need  to  supply  the  –cert  and  –key  flags.  If you wish to do client side certificate
       validation then you will need to supply –client-ca also.

       –cert should be either a PEM encoded certificate or a concatenation of that  with  the  CA
       certificate.   –key should be the PEM encoded private key and –client-ca should be the PEM
       encoded client certificate authority certificate.

              rclone serve restic remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --addr string                     IPaddress:Port or :Port to bind server to. (default "localhost:8080")
                    --append-only                     disallow deletion of repository data
                    --baseurl string                  Prefix for URLs - leave blank for root.
                    --cert string                     SSL PEM key (concatenation of certificate and CA certificate)
                    --client-ca string                Client certificate authority to verify clients with
                -h, --help                            help for restic
                    --htpasswd string                 htpasswd file - if not provided no authentication is done
                    --key string                      SSL PEM Private key
                    --max-header-bytes int            Maximum size of request header (default 4096)
                    --pass string                     Password for authentication.
                    --private-repos                   users can only access their private repo
                    --realm string                    realm for authentication (default "rclone")
                    --server-read-timeout duration    Timeout for server reading data (default 1h0m0s)
                    --server-write-timeout duration   Timeout for server writing data (default 1h0m0s)
                    --stdio                           run an HTTP2 server on stdin/stdout
                    --template string                 User Specified Template.
                    --user string                     User name for authentication.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  -  Serve  a  remote  over  a
         protocol.

rclone serve sftp

       Serve the remote over SFTP.

   Synopsis
       rclone  serve  sftp  implements an SFTP server to serve the remote over SFTP.  This can be
       used with an SFTP client or you can make a remote of type sftp to use with it.

       You can use the filter flags (eg –include, –exclude) to control what is served.

       The server will log errors.  Use -v to see access logs.

       –bwlimit will be respected for file transfers.  Use –stats to control the stats printing.

       You must provide some means of authentication, either with –user/–pass, an authorized keys
       file  (specify location with –authorized-keys - the default is the same as ssh), an –auth-
       proxy, or set the –no-auth flag for no authentication when logging in.

       Note that this also implements a small number of shell commands so  that  it  can  provide
       md5sum/sha1sum/df information for the rclone sftp backend.  This means that is can support
       SHA1SUMs, MD5SUMs and the about command when paired with the rclone sftp backend.

       If you don’t supply a –key then rclone will generate one and cache it for later use.

       By default the server binds to localhost:2022 - if you want it to be reachable  externally
       then supply “–addr :2022” for example.

       Note that the default of “–vfs-cache-mode off” is fine for the rclone sftp backend, but it
       may not be with other SFTP clients.

   VFS - Virtual File System
       This command uses the VFS layer.  This adapts the cloud storage objects that  rclone  uses
       into something which looks much more like a disk filing system.

       Cloud  storage  objects  have  lots of properties which aren’t like disk files - you can’t
       extend them or write to the middle of them, so the  VFS  layer  has  to  deal  with  that.
       Because there is no one right way of doing this there are various options explained below.

       The  VFS  layer  also  implements  a  directory  cache  - this caches info about files and
       directories (but not the data) in memory.

   VFS Directory Cache
       Using the --dir-cache-time flag, you can control how long a directory should be considered
       up to date and not refreshed from the backend.  Changes made through the mount will appear
       immediately or invalidate the cache.

              --dir-cache-time duration   Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
              --poll-interval duration    Time to wait between polling for changes.

       However, changes made directly on the cloud storage by the web interface  or  a  different
       copy  of  rclone  will  only  be picked up once the directory cache expires if the backend
       configured does not support polling for changes.  If the backend supports polling, changes
       will be picked up within the polling interval.

       You can send a SIGHUP signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of
       how old they are.  Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset  the  cache
       like this:

              kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)

       If  you  configure  rclone  with  a remote control then you can use rclone rc to flush the
       whole directory cache:

              rclone rc vfs/forget

       Or individual files or directories:

              rclone rc vfs/forget file=path/to/file dir=path/to/dir

   VFS File Buffering
       The --buffer-size flag determines the amount of memory, that will be used to  buffer  data
       in advance.

       Each  open file will try to keep the specified amount of data in memory at all times.  The
       buffered data is bound to one open file and won’t be shared.

       This flag is a upper limit for the used memory per open file.  The buffer  will  only  use
       memory  for  data that is downloaded but not not yet read.  If the buffer is empty, only a
       small amount of memory will be used.

       The maximum memory used by rclone for buffering can be up to --buffer-size * open files.

   VFS File Caching
       These flags control the VFS file caching options.  File caching is necessary to  make  the
       VFS  layer appear compatible with a normal file system.  It can be disabled at the cost of
       some compatibility.

       For example you’ll need to enable VFS caching if you want to read and write simultaneously
       to a file.  See below for more details.

       Note  that the VFS cache is separate from the cache backend and you may find that you need
       one or the other or both.

              --cache-dir string                   Directory rclone will use for caching.
              --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode           Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
              --vfs-cache-max-age duration         Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
              --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix      Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
              --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration   Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
              --vfs-write-back duration            Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)

       If run with -vv rclone will print the location of the file cache.  The files are stored in
       the  user  cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with --cache-dir or
       setting the appropriate environment variable.

       The cache has 4 different modes selected by --vfs-cache-mode.  The higher the  cache  mode
       the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.

       Note  that  files  are  written  back  to the remote only when they are closed and if they
       haven’t been accessed for –vfs-write-back second.  If rclone is quit or  dies  with  files
       that  haven’t  been uploaded, these will be uploaded next time rclone is run with the same
       flags.

       If using –vfs-cache-max-size note that the cache may exceed this  size  for  two  reasons.
       Firstly  because it is only checked every –vfs-cache-poll-interval.  Secondly because open
       files cannot be evicted from the cache.

   –vfs-cache-mode off
       In this mode (the default) the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly
       to the remote without caching anything on disk.

       This will mean some operations are not possible

       • Files can’t be opened for both read AND write

       • Files opened for write can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only

       • Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied

       • Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode minimal
       This is very similar to “off” except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered
       to disk.  This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible,  but  uses
       the minimal disk space.

       These operations are not possible

       • Files opened for write only can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode writes
       In  this  mode  files  opened for read only are still read directly from the remote, write
       only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations.

       If an upload fails it will be retried  at  exponentially  increasing  intervals  up  to  1
       minute.

   –vfs-cache-mode full
       In  this  mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.  When data is read from
       the remote this is buffered to disk as well.

       In this mode the files in the cache will be sparse files and rclone  will  keep  track  of
       which bits of the files it has dowloaded.

       So  if an application only reads the starts of each file, then rclone will only buffer the
       start of the file.  These files will appear to be their full size in the cache,  but  they
       will be sparse files with only the data that has been downloaded present in them.

       This  mode  should support all normal file system operations and is otherwise identical to
       –vfs-cache-mode writes.

       When reading a file rclone will read –buffer-size plus –vfs-read-ahead bytes  ahead.   The
       –buffer-size is buffered in memory whereas the –vfs-read-ahead is buffered on disk.

       When using this mode it is recommended that –buffer-size is not set too big and –vfs-read-
       ahead is set large if required.

       IMPORTANT not all file systems support sparse files.   In  particular  FAT/exFAT  do  not.
       Rclone  will  perform  very  badly if the cache directory is on a filesystem which doesn’t
       support sparse files and it will log an ERROR message if one is detected.

   VFS Performance
       These flags may be used to enable/disable features of the VFS  for  performance  or  other
       reasons.

       In  particular  S3 and Swift benefit hugely from the –no-modtime flag (or use –use-server-
       modtime for a slightly different effect) as each read of the  modification  time  takes  a
       transaction.

              --no-checksum     Don't compare checksums on up/download.
              --no-modtime      Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
              --no-seek         Don't allow seeking in files.
              --read-only       Mount read-only.

       When  rclone  reads  files  from a remote it reads them in chunks.  This means that rather
       than requesting the whole file rclone reads the chunk  specified.   This  is  advantageous
       because  some  cloud providers account for reads being all the data requested, not all the
       data delivered.

       Rclone will keep doubling the chunk size requested starting at –vfs-read-chunk-size with a
       maximum  of  –vfs-read-chunk-size-limit unless it is set to “off” in which case there will
       be no limit.

              --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix        Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
              --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix  Max chunk doubling size (default "off")

       Sometimes rclone is delivered reads or writes out of order.  Rather  than  seeking  rclone
       will  wait  a  short  time for the in sequence read or write to come in.  These flags only
       come into effect when not using an on disk cache file.

              --vfs-read-wait duration   Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
              --vfs-write-wait duration  Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

   VFS Case Sensitivity
       Linux file systems are case-sensitive: two files can differ only by case,  and  the  exact
       case must be used when opening a file.

       File systems in modern Windows are case-insensitive but case-preserving: although existing
       files can be opened using any case, the exact case used to create the  file  is  preserved
       and  available  for  programs  to  query.   It  is  not  allowed for two files in the same
       directory to differ only by case.

       Usually file systems on macOS are case-insensitive.  It is possible  to  make  macOS  file
       systems case-sensitive but that is not the default

       The  “–vfs-case-insensitive”  mount  flag controls how rclone handles these two cases.  If
       its value is “false”, rclone passes file names to the mounted file system as-is.   If  the
       flag  is “true” (or appears without a value on command line), rclone may perform a “fixup”
       as explained below.

       The user may specify a file name to open/delete/rename/etc with a case different than what
       is  stored on mounted file system.  If an argument refers to an existing file with exactly
       the same name, then the case of the existing file on the disk will be used.  However, if a
       file  name  with  exactly  the  same  name  is not found but a name differing only by case
       exists, rclone will transparently fixup  the  name.   This  fixup  happens  only  when  an
       existing  file  is  requested.   Case  sensitivity of file names created anew by rclone is
       controlled by an underlying mounted file system.

       Note that case sensitivity of the operating system running rclone (the target) may  differ
       from  case sensitivity of a file system mounted by rclone (the source).  The flag controls
       whether “fixup” is performed to satisfy the target.

       If the flag is not provided on the command line, then its default  value  depends  on  the
       operating  system  where  rclone runs: “true” on Windows and macOS, “false” otherwise.  If
       the flag is provided without a value, then it is “true”.

   Auth Proxy
       If you supply the parameter  --auth-proxy  /path/to/program  then  rclone  will  use  that
       program  to  generate  backends  on  the  fly which then are used to authenticate incoming
       requests.  This uses a simple JSON based protocl with input on STDIN and output on STDOUT.

       PLEASE NOTE: --auth-proxy and --authorized-keys cannot be used together,  if  --auth-proxy
       is set the authorized keys option will be ignored.

       There          is          an          example          program          bin/test_proxy.py
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/blob/master/test_proxy.py) in the rclone source code.

       The program’s job is to take a user and pass on the input and turn those into  the  config
       for  a backend on STDOUT in JSON format.  This config will have any default parameters for
       the backend added, but it won’t use configuration from environment  variables  or  command
       line options - it is the job of the proxy program to make a complete config.

       This config generated must have this extra parameter - _root - root to use for the backend

       And  it  may  have  this  parameter - _obscure - comma separated strings for parameters to
       obscure

       If password authentication was used by the client, input to the proxy process  (on  STDIN)
       would look similar to this:

              {
                  "user": "me",
                  "pass": "mypassword"
              }

       If public-key authentication was used by the client, input to the proxy process (on STDIN)
       would look similar to this:

              {
                  "user": "me",
                  "public_key": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDuwESFdAe14hVS6omeyX7edc...JQdf"
              }

       And as an example return this on STDOUT

              {
                  "type": "sftp",
                  "_root": "",
                  "_obscure": "pass",
                  "user": "me",
                  "pass": "mypassword",
                  "host": "sftp.example.com"
              }

       This would mean that an SFTP backend would  be  created  on  the  fly  for  the  user  and
       pass/public_key returned in the output to the host given.  Note that since _obscure is set
       to pass, rclone will obscure the pass parameter before  creating  the  backend  (which  is
       required for sftp backends).

       The program can manipulate the supplied user in any way, for example to make proxy to many
       different sftp backends, you could make the user be user@example.com and then set the host
       to  example.com  in  the output and the user to user.  For security you’d probably want to
       restrict the host to a limited list.

       Note that an internal cache is keyed on user so only use that for configuration, don’t use
       pass  or  public_key.   This also means that if a user’s password or public-key is changed
       the cache will need to expire (which takes 5 mins) before it takes effect.

       This can be used to build general purpose proxies to  any  kind  of  backend  that  rclone
       supports.

              rclone serve sftp remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --addr string                            IPaddress:Port or :Port to bind server to. (default "localhost:2022")
                    --auth-proxy string                      A program to use to create the backend from the auth.
                    --authorized-keys string                 Authorized keys file (default "~/.ssh/authorized_keys")
                    --dir-cache-time duration                Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
                    --dir-perms FileMode                     Directory permissions (default 0777)
                    --file-perms FileMode                    File permissions (default 0666)
                    --gid uint32                             Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                -h, --help                                   help for sftp
                    --key stringArray                        SSH private host key file (Can be multi-valued, leave blank to auto generate)
                    --no-auth                                Allow connections with no authentication if set.
                    --no-checksum                            Don't compare checksums on up/download.
                    --no-modtime                             Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
                    --no-seek                                Don't allow seeking in files.
                    --pass string                            Password for authentication.
                    --poll-interval duration                 Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
                    --read-only                              Mount read-only.
                    --uid uint32                             Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                    --umask int                              Override the permission bits set by the filesystem. (default 2)
                    --user string                            User name for authentication.
                    --vfs-cache-max-age duration             Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
                    --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix          Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode               Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration       Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
                    --vfs-case-insensitive                   If a file name not found, find a case insensitive match.
                    --vfs-read-ahead SizeSuffix              Extra read ahead over --buffer-size when using cache-mode full.
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix         Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix   If greater than --vfs-read-chunk-size, double the chunk size after each chunk read, until the limit is reached. 'off' is unlimited. (default off)
                    --vfs-read-wait duration                 Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
                    --vfs-write-back duration                Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)
                    --vfs-write-wait duration                Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  -  Serve  a  remote  over  a
         protocol.

rclone serve webdav

       Serve remote:path over webdav.

   Synopsis
       rclone serve webdav implements a basic webdav server to serve the remote over HTTP via the
       webdav  protocol.   This can be viewed with a webdav client, through a web browser, or you
       can make a remote of type webdav to read and write it.

   Webdav options
   –etag-hash
       This controls the ETag header.  Without this flag the ETag will be based  on  the  ModTime
       and Size of the object.

       If  this  flag  is  set  to “auto” then rclone will choose the first supported hash on the
       backend or you can use a named hash such as “MD5” or “SHA-1”.

       Use “rclone hashsum” to see the full list.

   Server options
       Use –addr to specify which IP address and port the  server  should  listen  on,  eg  –addr
       1.2.3.4:8000  or  –addr  :8080  to  listen  to  all  IPs.   By  default it only listens on
       localhost.  You can use port :0 to let the OS choose an available port.

       If you set –addr  to  listen  on  a  public  or  LAN  accessible  IP  address  then  using
       Authentication is advised - see the next section for info.

       –server-read-timeout  and –server-write-timeout can be used to control the timeouts on the
       server.  Note that this is the total time for a transfer.

       –max-header-bytes controls the maximum number of bytes the server will accept in the  HTTP
       header.

       –baseurl  controls  the  URL prefix that rclone serves from.  By default rclone will serve
       from the root.  If you used –baseurl “/rclone” then rclone would serve from a URL starting
       with  “/rclone/”.  This is useful if you wish to proxy rclone serve.  Rclone automatically
       inserts leading and trailing “/” on –baseurl, so –baseurl “rclone”, –baseurl “/rclone” and
       –baseurl “/rclone/” are all treated identically.

       –template  allows  a  user  to  specify a custom markup template for http and webdav serve
       functions.  The server exports the following markup to be  used  within  the  template  to
       server pages:

       Parameter                             Description
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       .Name                                 The full path of a file/directory.
       .Title                                Directory listing of .Name
       .Sort                                 The  current  sort  used.   This is
                                             changeable via ?sort= parameter
                                             Sort                       Options:
                                             namedirfist,name,size,time (default
                                             namedirfirst)
       .Order                                The current ordering used.  This is
                                             changeable via ?order= parameter
                                             Order  Options:  asc,desc  (default
                                             asc)
       .Query                                Currently unused.
       .Breadcrumb                           Allows  for  creating  a   relative
                                             navigation
       – .Link                               The  relative  to  the root link of
                                             the Text.
       – .Text                               The Name of the directory.
       .Entries                              Information   about   a    specific
                                             file/directory.
       – .URL                                The `url' of an entry.
       – .Leaf                               Currently   same   as   `URL'   but
                                             intended to be `just' the name.
       – .IsDir                              Boolean  for  if  an  entry  is   a
                                             directory or not.
       – .Size                               Size in Bytes of the entry.
       – .ModTime                            The UTC timestamp of an entry.

   Authentication
       By default this will serve files without needing a login.

       You can either use an htpasswd file which can take lots of users, or set a single username
       and password with the –user and –pass flags.

       Use –htpasswd /path/to/htpasswd to provide an htpasswd file.  This is in  standard  apache
       format and supports MD5, SHA1 and BCrypt for basic authentication.  Bcrypt is recommended.

       To create an htpasswd file:

              touch htpasswd
              htpasswd -B htpasswd user
              htpasswd -B htpasswd anotherUser

       The password file can be updated while rclone is running.

       Use –realm to set the authentication realm.

   SSL/TLS
       By  default  this  will  serve over http.  If you want you can serve over https.  You will
       need to supply the –cert and –key flags.  If  you  wish  to  do  client  side  certificate
       validation then you will need to supply –client-ca also.

       –cert  should  be  either a PEM encoded certificate or a concatenation of that with the CA
       certificate.  –key should be the PEM encoded private key and –client-ca should be the  PEM
       encoded client certificate authority certificate.

   VFS - Virtual File System
       This  command  uses the VFS layer.  This adapts the cloud storage objects that rclone uses
       into something which looks much more like a disk filing system.

       Cloud storage objects have lots of properties which aren’t like disk  files  -  you  can’t
       extend  them  or  write  to  the  middle  of them, so the VFS layer has to deal with that.
       Because there is no one right way of doing this there are various options explained below.

       The VFS layer also implements a directory  cache  -  this  caches  info  about  files  and
       directories (but not the data) in memory.

   VFS Directory Cache
       Using the --dir-cache-time flag, you can control how long a directory should be considered
       up to date and not refreshed from the backend.  Changes made through the mount will appear
       immediately or invalidate the cache.

              --dir-cache-time duration   Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
              --poll-interval duration    Time to wait between polling for changes.

       However,  changes  made  directly on the cloud storage by the web interface or a different
       copy of rclone will only be picked up once the directory  cache  expires  if  the  backend
       configured does not support polling for changes.  If the backend supports polling, changes
       will be picked up within the polling interval.

       You can send a SIGHUP signal to rclone for it to flush all directory caches, regardless of
       how  old  they are.  Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache
       like this:

              kill -SIGHUP $(pidof rclone)

       If you configure rclone with a remote control then you can use  rclone  rc  to  flush  the
       whole directory cache:

              rclone rc vfs/forget

       Or individual files or directories:

              rclone rc vfs/forget file=path/to/file dir=path/to/dir

   VFS File Buffering
       The  --buffer-size  flag determines the amount of memory, that will be used to buffer data
       in advance.

       Each open file will try to keep the specified amount of data in memory at all times.   The
       buffered data is bound to one open file and won’t be shared.

       This  flag  is  a upper limit for the used memory per open file.  The buffer will only use
       memory for data that is downloaded but not not yet read.  If the buffer is empty,  only  a
       small amount of memory will be used.

       The maximum memory used by rclone for buffering can be up to --buffer-size * open files.

   VFS File Caching
       These  flags  control the VFS file caching options.  File caching is necessary to make the
       VFS layer appear compatible with a normal file system.  It can be disabled at the cost  of
       some compatibility.

       For example you’ll need to enable VFS caching if you want to read and write simultaneously
       to a file.  See below for more details.

       Note that the VFS cache is separate from the cache backend and you may find that you  need
       one or the other or both.

              --cache-dir string                   Directory rclone will use for caching.
              --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode           Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
              --vfs-cache-max-age duration         Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
              --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix      Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
              --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration   Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
              --vfs-write-back duration            Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)

       If run with -vv rclone will print the location of the file cache.  The files are stored in
       the user cache file area which is OS dependent but can be controlled with  --cache-dir  or
       setting the appropriate environment variable.

       The  cache  has 4 different modes selected by --vfs-cache-mode.  The higher the cache mode
       the more compatible rclone becomes at the cost of using disk space.

       Note that files are written back to the remote only when  they  are  closed  and  if  they
       haven’t  been  accessed  for –vfs-write-back second.  If rclone is quit or dies with files
       that haven’t been uploaded, these will be uploaded next time rclone is run with  the  same
       flags.

       If  using  –vfs-cache-max-size  note  that the cache may exceed this size for two reasons.
       Firstly because it is only checked every –vfs-cache-poll-interval.  Secondly because  open
       files cannot be evicted from the cache.

   –vfs-cache-mode off
       In this mode (the default) the cache will read directly from the remote and write directly
       to the remote without caching anything on disk.

       This will mean some operations are not possible

       • Files can’t be opened for both read AND write

       • Files opened for write can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files open for read with O_TRUNC will be opened write only

       • Files open for write only will behave as if O_TRUNC was supplied

       • Open modes O_APPEND, O_TRUNC are ignored

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode minimal
       This is very similar to “off” except that files opened for read AND write will be buffered
       to  disk.   This means that files opened for write will be a lot more compatible, but uses
       the minimal disk space.

       These operations are not possible

       • Files opened for write only can’t be seeked

       • Existing files opened for write must have O_TRUNC set

       • Files opened for write only will ignore O_APPEND, O_TRUNC

       • If an upload fails it can’t be retried

   –vfs-cache-mode writes
       In this mode files opened for read only are still read directly  from  the  remote,  write
       only and read/write files are buffered to disk first.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations.

       If  an  upload  fails  it  will  be  retried at exponentially increasing intervals up to 1
       minute.

   –vfs-cache-mode full
       In this mode all reads and writes are buffered to and from disk.  When data is  read  from
       the remote this is buffered to disk as well.

       In  this  mode  the  files in the cache will be sparse files and rclone will keep track of
       which bits of the files it has dowloaded.

       So if an application only reads the starts of each file, then rclone will only buffer  the
       start  of  the file.  These files will appear to be their full size in the cache, but they
       will be sparse files with only the data that has been downloaded present in them.

       This mode should support all normal file system operations and is otherwise  identical  to
       –vfs-cache-mode writes.

       When  reading  a file rclone will read –buffer-size plus –vfs-read-ahead bytes ahead.  The
       –buffer-size is buffered in memory whereas the –vfs-read-ahead is buffered on disk.

       When using this mode it is recommended that –buffer-size is not set too big and –vfs-read-
       ahead is set large if required.

       IMPORTANT  not  all  file  systems  support sparse files.  In particular FAT/exFAT do not.
       Rclone will perform very badly if the cache directory is on  a  filesystem  which  doesn’t
       support sparse files and it will log an ERROR message if one is detected.

   VFS Performance
       These  flags  may  be  used to enable/disable features of the VFS for performance or other
       reasons.

       In particular S3 and Swift benefit hugely from the –no-modtime flag (or  use  –use-server-
       modtime  for  a  slightly  different effect) as each read of the modification time takes a
       transaction.

              --no-checksum     Don't compare checksums on up/download.
              --no-modtime      Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
              --no-seek         Don't allow seeking in files.
              --read-only       Mount read-only.

       When rclone reads files from a remote it reads them in chunks.   This  means  that  rather
       than  requesting  the  whole  file rclone reads the chunk specified.  This is advantageous
       because some cloud providers account for reads being all the data requested, not  all  the
       data delivered.

       Rclone will keep doubling the chunk size requested starting at –vfs-read-chunk-size with a
       maximum of –vfs-read-chunk-size-limit unless it is set to “off” in which case  there  will
       be no limit.

              --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix        Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
              --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix  Max chunk doubling size (default "off")

       Sometimes  rclone  is  delivered reads or writes out of order.  Rather than seeking rclone
       will wait a short time for the in sequence read or write to come  in.   These  flags  only
       come into effect when not using an on disk cache file.

              --vfs-read-wait duration   Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
              --vfs-write-wait duration  Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

   VFS Case Sensitivity
       Linux  file  systems  are case-sensitive: two files can differ only by case, and the exact
       case must be used when opening a file.

       File systems in modern Windows are case-insensitive but case-preserving: although existing
       files  can  be  opened using any case, the exact case used to create the file is preserved
       and available for programs to query.  It  is  not  allowed  for  two  files  in  the  same
       directory to differ only by case.

       Usually  file  systems  on  macOS are case-insensitive.  It is possible to make macOS file
       systems case-sensitive but that is not the default

       The “–vfs-case-insensitive” mount flag controls how rclone handles these  two  cases.   If
       its  value  is “false”, rclone passes file names to the mounted file system as-is.  If the
       flag is “true” (or appears without a value on command line), rclone may perform a  “fixup”
       as explained below.

       The user may specify a file name to open/delete/rename/etc with a case different than what
       is stored on mounted file system.  If an argument refers to an existing file with  exactly
       the same name, then the case of the existing file on the disk will be used.  However, if a
       file name with exactly the same name is not found  but  a  name  differing  only  by  case
       exists,  rclone  will  transparently  fixup  the  name.   This  fixup happens only when an
       existing file is requested.  Case sensitivity of file names  created  anew  by  rclone  is
       controlled by an underlying mounted file system.

       Note  that case sensitivity of the operating system running rclone (the target) may differ
       from case sensitivity of a file system mounted by rclone (the source).  The flag  controls
       whether “fixup” is performed to satisfy the target.

       If  the  flag  is  not provided on the command line, then its default value depends on the
       operating system where rclone runs: “true” on Windows and macOS,  “false”  otherwise.   If
       the flag is provided without a value, then it is “true”.

   Auth Proxy
       If  you  supply  the  parameter  --auth-proxy  /path/to/program  then rclone will use that
       program to generate backends on the fly which  then  are  used  to  authenticate  incoming
       requests.  This uses a simple JSON based protocl with input on STDIN and output on STDOUT.

       PLEASE  NOTE:  --auth-proxy and --authorized-keys cannot be used together, if --auth-proxy
       is set the authorized keys option will be ignored.

       There          is          an          example          program          bin/test_proxy.py
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/blob/master/test_proxy.py) in the rclone source code.

       The  program’s  job is to take a user and pass on the input and turn those into the config
       for a backend on STDOUT in JSON format.  This config will have any default parameters  for
       the  backend  added,  but it won’t use configuration from environment variables or command
       line options - it is the job of the proxy program to make a complete config.

       This config generated must have this extra parameter - _root - root to use for the backend

       And it may have this parameter - _obscure - comma  separated  strings  for  parameters  to
       obscure

       If  password  authentication was used by the client, input to the proxy process (on STDIN)
       would look similar to this:

              {
                  "user": "me",
                  "pass": "mypassword"
              }

       If public-key authentication was used by the client, input to the proxy process (on STDIN)
       would look similar to this:

              {
                  "user": "me",
                  "public_key": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDuwESFdAe14hVS6omeyX7edc...JQdf"
              }

       And as an example return this on STDOUT

              {
                  "type": "sftp",
                  "_root": "",
                  "_obscure": "pass",
                  "user": "me",
                  "pass": "mypassword",
                  "host": "sftp.example.com"
              }

       This  would  mean  that  an  SFTP  backend  would  be  created on the fly for the user and
       pass/public_key returned in the output to the host given.  Note that since _obscure is set
       to  pass,  rclone  will  obscure  the pass parameter before creating the backend (which is
       required for sftp backends).

       The program can manipulate the supplied user in any way, for example to make proxy to many
       different sftp backends, you could make the user be user@example.com and then set the host
       to example.com in the output and the user to user.  For security you’d  probably  want  to
       restrict the host to a limited list.

       Note that an internal cache is keyed on user so only use that for configuration, don’t use
       pass or public_key.  This also means that if a user’s password or  public-key  is  changed
       the cache will need to expire (which takes 5 mins) before it takes effect.

       This  can  be  used  to  build  general purpose proxies to any kind of backend that rclone
       supports.

              rclone serve webdav remote:path [flags]

   Options
                    --addr string                            IPaddress:Port or :Port to bind server to. (default "localhost:8080")
                    --auth-proxy string                      A program to use to create the backend from the auth.
                    --baseurl string                         Prefix for URLs - leave blank for root.
                    --cert string                            SSL PEM key (concatenation of certificate and CA certificate)
                    --client-ca string                       Client certificate authority to verify clients with
                    --dir-cache-time duration                Time to cache directory entries for. (default 5m0s)
                    --dir-perms FileMode                     Directory permissions (default 0777)
                    --disable-dir-list                       Disable HTML directory list on GET request for a directory
                    --etag-hash string                       Which hash to use for the ETag, or auto or blank for off
                    --file-perms FileMode                    File permissions (default 0666)
                    --gid uint32                             Override the gid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                -h, --help                                   help for webdav
                    --htpasswd string                        htpasswd file - if not provided no authentication is done
                    --key string                             SSL PEM Private key
                    --max-header-bytes int                   Maximum size of request header (default 4096)
                    --no-checksum                            Don't compare checksums on up/download.
                    --no-modtime                             Don't read/write the modification time (can speed things up).
                    --no-seek                                Don't allow seeking in files.
                    --pass string                            Password for authentication.
                    --poll-interval duration                 Time to wait between polling for changes. Must be smaller than dir-cache-time. Only on supported remotes. Set to 0 to disable. (default 1m0s)
                    --read-only                              Mount read-only.
                    --realm string                           realm for authentication (default "rclone")
                    --server-read-timeout duration           Timeout for server reading data (default 1h0m0s)
                    --server-write-timeout duration          Timeout for server writing data (default 1h0m0s)
                    --template string                        User Specified Template.
                    --uid uint32                             Override the uid field set by the filesystem. (default 1000)
                    --umask int                              Override the permission bits set by the filesystem. (default 2)
                    --user string                            User name for authentication.
                    --vfs-cache-max-age duration             Max age of objects in the cache. (default 1h0m0s)
                    --vfs-cache-max-size SizeSuffix          Max total size of objects in the cache. (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-mode CacheMode               Cache mode off|minimal|writes|full (default off)
                    --vfs-cache-poll-interval duration       Interval to poll the cache for stale objects. (default 1m0s)
                    --vfs-case-insensitive                   If a file name not found, find a case insensitive match.
                    --vfs-read-ahead SizeSuffix              Extra read ahead over --buffer-size when using cache-mode full.
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size SizeSuffix         Read the source objects in chunks. (default 128M)
                    --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit SizeSuffix   If greater than --vfs-read-chunk-size, double the chunk size after each chunk read, until the limit is reached. 'off' is unlimited. (default off)
                    --vfs-read-wait duration                 Time to wait for in-sequence read before seeking. (default 20ms)
                    --vfs-write-back duration                Time to writeback files after last use when using cache. (default 5s)
                    --vfs-write-wait duration                Time to wait for in-sequence write before giving error. (default 1s)

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  -  Serve  a  remote  over  a
         protocol.

rclone settier

       Changes storage class/tier of objects in remote.

   Synopsis
       rclone  settier  changes  storage tier or class at remote if supported.  Few cloud storage
       services provides different storage classes on objects, for example AWS  S3  and  Glacier,
       Azure  Blob  storage  -  Hot,  Cool  and  Archive, Google Cloud Storage, Regional Storage,
       Nearline, Coldline etc.

       Note that, certain tier changes make objects not available  to  access  immediately.   For
       example  tiering  to archive in azure blob storage makes objects in frozen state, user can
       restore  by  setting  tier  to  Hot/Cool,   similarly   S3   to   Glacier   makes   object
       inaccessible.true

       You can use it to tier single object

              rclone settier Cool remote:path/file

       Or use rclone filters to set tier on only specific files

              rclone --include "*.txt" settier Hot remote:path/dir

       Or just provide remote directory and all files in directory will be tiered

              rclone settier tier remote:path/dir

              rclone settier tier remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help   help for settier

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone touch

       Create new file or change file modification time.

   Synopsis
       Set the modification time on object(s) as specified by remote:path  to  have  the  current
       time.

       If  remote:path  does  not  exist then a zero sized object will be created unless the –no-
       create flag is provided.

       If –timestamp is used then it will set the modification time to that time instead  of  the
       current time.  Times may be specified as one of:

       • `YYMMDD' - eg.  17.10.30

       • `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS' - eg.  2006-01-02T15:04:05

       • `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.SSS' - eg.  2006-01-02T15:04:05.123456789

       Note that –timestamp is in UTC if you want local time then add the –localtime flag.

              rclone touch remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -h, --help               help for touch
                    --localtime          Use localtime for timestamp, not UTC.
                -C, --no-create          Do not create the file if it does not exist.
                -t, --timestamp string   Use specified time instead of the current time of day.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

rclone tree

       List the contents of the remote in a tree like fashion.

   Synopsis
       rclone tree lists the contents of a remote in a similar way to the unix tree command.

       For example

              $ rclone tree remote:path
              /
              ├── file1
              ├── file2
              ├── file3
              └── subdir
                  ├── file4
                  └── file5

              1 directories, 5 files

       You can use any of the filtering options with the tree command (eg –include and –exclude).
       You can also use –fast-list.

       The  tree  command  has many options for controlling the listing which are compatible with
       the tree command.  Note that not all of them have short  options  as  they  conflict  with
       rclone’s short options.

              rclone tree remote:path [flags]

   Options
                -a, --all             All files are listed (list . files too).
                -C, --color           Turn colorization on always.
                -d, --dirs-only       List directories only.
                    --dirsfirst       List directories before files (-U disables).
                    --full-path       Print the full path prefix for each file.
                -h, --help            help for tree
                    --human           Print the size in a more human readable way.
                    --level int       Descend only level directories deep.
                -D, --modtime         Print the date of last modification.
                    --noindent        Don't print indentation lines.
                    --noreport        Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing.
                -o, --output string   Output to file instead of stdout.
                -p, --protections     Print the protections for each file.
                -Q, --quote           Quote filenames with double quotes.
                -s, --size            Print the size in bytes of each file.
                    --sort string     Select sort: name,version,size,mtime,ctime.
                    --sort-ctime      Sort files by last status change time.
                -t, --sort-modtime    Sort files by last modification time.
                -r, --sort-reverse    Reverse the order of the sort.
                -U, --unsorted        Leave files unsorted.
                    --version         Sort files alphanumerically by version.

       See the global flags page (https://rclone.org/flags/) for global options not listed here.

   SEE ALSO
       • rclone  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone/) - Show help for rclone commands, flags and
         backends.

   Copying single files
       rclone normally syncs or copies directories.  However, if the source remote  points  to  a
       file, rclone will just copy that file.  The destination remote must point to a directory -
       rclone will give the error Failed to create file system for "remote:file": is a file not a
       directory if it isn’t.

       For example, suppose you have a remote with a file in called test.jpg, then you could copy
       just that file like this

              rclone copy remote:test.jpg /tmp/download

       The file test.jpg will be placed inside /tmp/download.

       This is equivalent to specifying

              rclone copy --files-from /tmp/files remote: /tmp/download

       Where /tmp/files contains the single line

              test.jpg

       It is recommended to use copy when copying individual files, not sync.  They  have  pretty
       much the same effect but copy will use a lot less memory.

   Syntax of remote paths
       The syntax of the paths passed to the rclone command are as follows.

   /path/to/dir
       This refers to the local file system.

       On  Windows  only \ may be used instead of / in local paths only, non local paths must use
       /.

       These paths needn’t start with a leading / - if they don’t then they will be  relative  to
       the current directory.

   remote:path/to/dir
       This  refers  to  a  directory  path/to/dir  on  remote:  as  defined  in  the config file
       (configured with rclone config).

   remote:/path/to/dir
       On most backends this is refers to the  same  directory  as  remote:path/to/dir  and  that
       format  should  be  preferred.   On a very small number of remotes (FTP, SFTP, Dropbox for
       business) this will refer to a different directory.  On these, paths without a  leading  /
       will refer to your “home” directory and paths with a leading / will refer to the root.

   :backend:path/to/dir
       This  is  an advanced form for creating remotes on the fly.  backend should be the name or
       prefix of a backend (the type in the config  file)  and  all  the  configuration  for  the
       backend should be provided on the command line (or in environment variables).

       Here are some examples:

              rclone lsd --http-url https://pub.rclone.org :http:

       To list all the directories in the root of https://pub.rclone.org/.

              rclone lsf --http-url https://example.com :http:path/to/dir

       To list files and directories in https://example.com/path/to/dir/

              rclone copy --http-url https://example.com :http:path/to/dir /tmp/dir

       To copy files and directories in https://example.com/path/to/dir to /tmp/dir.

              rclone copy --sftp-host example.com :sftp:path/to/dir /tmp/dir

       To  copy  files  and directories from example.com in the relative directory path/to/dir to
       /tmp/dir using sftp.

   Valid remote names
       • Remote names may only contain 0-9, A-Z ,a-z ,_ , - and space.

       • Remote names may not start with -.

   Quoting and the shell
       When you are typing commands to your computer you are using something called  the  command
       line shell.  This interprets various characters in an OS specific way.

       Here are some gotchas which may help users unfamiliar with the shell rules

   Linux / OSX
       If  your  names  have  spaces or shell metacharacters (eg *, ?, $, ', " etc) then you must
       quote them.  Use single quotes ' by default.

              rclone copy 'Important files?' remote:backup

       If you want to send a ' you will need to use ", eg

              rclone copy "O'Reilly Reviews" remote:backup

       The rules for quoting metacharacters are complicated and if  you  want  the  full  details
       you’ll have to consult the manual page for your shell.

   Windows
       If your names have spaces in you need to put them in ", eg

              rclone copy "E:\folder name\folder name\folder name" remote:backup

       If  you  are  using  the  root  directory  on  its  own  then  don’t  quote  it  (see #464
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/464) for why), eg

              rclone copy E:\ remote:backup

   Copying files or directories with : in the names
       rclone uses : to mark a remote name.  This is, however, a valid filename component in non-
       Windows OSes.  The remote name parser will only search for a : up to the first / so if you
       need to act on a file or directory like this then use the full path starting with a /,  or
       use ./ as a current directory prefix.

       So to sync a directory called sync:me to a remote called remote: use

              rclone sync -i ./sync:me remote:path

       or

              rclone sync -i /full/path/to/sync:me remote:path

   Server Side Copy
       Most  remotes  (but  not  all  -  see the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#optional-
       features)) support server side copy.

       This means if you want to copy one folder to another then rclone won’t  download  all  the
       files and re-upload them; it will instruct the server to copy them in place.

       Eg

              rclone copy s3:oldbucket s3:newbucket

       Will copy the contents of oldbucket to newbucket without downloading and re-uploading.

       Remotes which don’t support server side copy will download and re-upload in this case.

       Server  side  copies  are  used  with sync and copy and will be identified in the log when
       using the -v flag.  The move command may also use them if remote  doesn’t  support  server
       side  move  directly.   This  is done by issuing a server side copy then a delete which is
       much quicker than a download and re-upload.

       Server side copies will only be attempted if the remote names are the same.

       This can be used when scripting to make aged backups efficiently, eg

              rclone sync -i remote:current-backup remote:previous-backup
              rclone sync -i /path/to/files remote:current-backup

   Options
       Rclone has a number of options to control its behaviour.

       Options that take parameters can have the values passed in  two  ways,  --option=value  or
       --option  value.   However boolean (true/false) options behave slightly differently to the
       other options in that --boolean sets the option to true and the absence of the  flag  sets
       it to false.  It is also possible to specify --boolean=false or --boolean=true.  Note that
       --boolean false is not valid - this is parsed as --boolean and the false is parsed  as  an
       extra command line argument for rclone.

       Options  which  use  TIME  use the go time parser.  A duration string is a possibly signed
       sequence of decimal numbers, each with optional  fraction  and  a  unit  suffix,  such  as
       “300ms”,  “-1.5h”  or “2h45m”.  Valid time units are “ns”, “us” (or “µs”), “ms”, “s”, “m”,
       “h”.

       Options which use SIZE use kByte by default.  However, a suffix of  b  for  bytes,  k  for
       kBytes,  M for MBytes, G for GBytes, T for TBytes and P for PBytes may be used.  These are
       the binary units, eg 1, 2**10, 2**20, 2**30 respectively.

   –backup-dir=DIR
       When using sync, copy or move any files which would have been overwritten or  deleted  are
       moved in their original hierarchy into this directory.

       If  --suffix is set, then the moved files will have the suffix added to them.  If there is
       a file with the same path (after the suffix has been  added)  in  DIR,  then  it  will  be
       overwritten.

       The  remote  in use must support server side move or copy and you must use the same remote
       as the destination of the sync.  The backup directory must  not  overlap  the  destination
       directory.

       For example

              rclone sync -i /path/to/local remote:current --backup-dir remote:old

       will  sync  /path/to/local  to  remote:current,  but  for  any files which would have been
       updated or deleted will be stored in remote:old.

       If running rclone from a script you might want to use today’s date as the  directory  name
       passed  to  --backup-dir  to  store the old files, or you might want to pass --suffix with
       today’s date.

       See --compare-dest and --copy-dest.

   –bind string
       Local address to bind to for outgoing connections.  This can be an IPv4 address (1.2.3.4),
       an  IPv6  address (1234::789A) or host name.  If the host name doesn’t resolve or resolves
       to more than one IP address it will give an error.

   –bwlimit=BANDWIDTH_SPEC
       This option controls the bandwidth limit.  Limits can be  specified  in  two  ways:  As  a
       single limit, or as a timetable.

       Single  limits  last  for the duration of the session.  To use a single limit, specify the
       desired bandwidth in kBytes/s, or use a suffix b|k|M|G.  The default is 0 which  means  to
       not limit bandwidth.

       For example, to limit bandwidth usage to 10 MBytes/s use --bwlimit 10M

       It is also possible to specify a “timetable” of limits, which will cause certain limits to
       be applied at certain times.  To specify a timetable,  format  your  entries  as  WEEKDAY-
       HH:MM,BANDWIDTH  WEEKDAY-HH:MM,BANDWIDTH...  where: WEEKDAY is optional element.  It could
       be written as whole world or only using 3 first characters.  HH:MM is an hour  from  00:00
       to 23:59.

       An  example  of  a typical timetable to avoid link saturation during daytime working hours
       could be:

       --bwlimit "08:00,512 12:00,10M 13:00,512 18:00,30M 23:00,off"

       In this example, the transfer bandwidth will be every day set to 512kBytes/sec at 8am.  At
       noon,  it  will  raise  to 10Mbytes/s, and drop back to 512kBytes/sec at 1pm.  At 6pm, the
       bandwidth limit will be set to 30MBytes/s, and at 11pm  it  will  be  completely  disabled
       (full speed).  Anything between 11pm and 8am will remain unlimited.

       An example of timetable with WEEKDAY could be:

       --bwlimit "Mon-00:00,512 Fri-23:59,10M Sat-10:00,1M Sun-20:00,off"

       It  mean  that,  the  transfer  bandwidth will be set to 512kBytes/sec on Monday.  It will
       raise to 10Mbytes/s before the end of Friday.  At 10:00  on  Sunday  it  will  be  set  to
       1Mbyte/s.  From 20:00 at Sunday will be unlimited.

       Timeslots without weekday are extended to whole week.  So this one example:

       --bwlimit "Mon-00:00,512 12:00,1M Sun-20:00,off"

       Is equal to this:

       --bwlimit  "Mon-00:00,512Mon-12:00,1M  Tue-12:00,1M Wed-12:00,1M Thu-12:00,1M Fri-12:00,1M
       Sat-12:00,1M Sun-12:00,1M Sun-20:00,off"

       Bandwidth limits only apply to the data transfer.  They don’t apply to  the  bandwidth  of
       the directory listings etc.

       Note that the units are Bytes/s, not Bits/s.  Typically connections are measured in Bits/s
       - to convert divide by 8.  For example, let’s say you have a 10 Mbit/s connection and  you
       wish  rclone  to use half of it - 5 Mbit/s.  This is 5/8 = 0.625MByte/s so you would use a
       --bwlimit 0.625M parameter for rclone.

       On Unix systems (Linux, macOS, ...) the bandwidth limiter can  be  toggled  by  sending  a
       SIGUSR2  signal to rclone.  This allows to remove the limitations of a long running rclone
       transfer and to restore it back to the value specified with --bwlimit quickly when needed.
       Assuming there is only one rclone instance running, you can toggle the limiter like this:

              kill -SIGUSR2 $(pidof rclone)

       If  you  configure  rclone  with  a  remote  control  then  you can use change the bwlimit
       dynamically:

              rclone rc core/bwlimit rate=1M

   –bwlimit-file=BANDWIDTH_SPEC
       This option controls per file bandwidth limit.  For the options see the --bwlimit flag.

       For example use this to allow no transfers to be faster than 1MByte/s

              --bwlimit-file 1M

       This can be used in conjunction with --bwlimit.

       Note that if a schedule is provided the file will use the schedule in effect at the  start
       of the transfer.

   –buffer-size=SIZE
       Use  this  sized  buffer  to  speed up file transfers.  Each --transfer will use this much
       memory for buffering.

       When using mount or cmount each open  file  descriptor  will  use  this  much  memory  for
       buffering.    See   the  mount  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/#file-buffering)
       documentation for more details.

       Set to 0 to disable the buffering for the minimum memory usage.

       Note that the memory allocation of the buffers is influenced by the –use-mmap flag.

   –check-first
       If this flag is set then in a sync, copy or move, rclone will do all  the  checks  to  see
       whether  files  need to be transferred before doing any of the transfers.  Normally rclone
       would start running transfers as soon as possible.

       This flag can be useful on IO limited systems where transfers interfere with checking.

       Using this flag can use more memory as it  effectively  sets  --max-backlog  to  infinite.
       This  means  that  all  the  info  on the objects to transfer is held in memory before the
       transfers start.

   –checkers=N
       The number of checkers to run in parallel.  Checkers do the  equality  checking  of  files
       during  a  sync.   For  some  storage  systems  (eg  S3,  Swift,  Dropbox) this can take a
       significant amount of time so they are run in parallel.

       The default is to run 8 checkers in parallel.

   -c, –checksum
       Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see if they are equal.
       If  you  set this flag then rclone will check the file hash and size to determine if files
       are equal.

       This is useful when the remote doesn’t support setting modified time and a  more  accurate
       sync is desired than just checking the file size.

       This  is  very  useful when transferring between remotes which store the same hash type on
       the object, eg Drive and Swift.  For details of which remotes support which hash type  see
       the table in the overview section (https://rclone.org/overview/).

       Eg rclone --checksum sync s3:/bucket swift:/bucket would run much quicker than without the
       --checksum flag.

       When using this flag, rclone won’t update mtimes of remote files if they are incorrect  as
       it would normally.

   –compare-dest=DIR
       When using sync, copy or move DIR is checked in addition to the destination for files.  If
       a file identical to the source is found that file is NOT  copied  from  source.   This  is
       useful to copy just files that have changed since the last backup.

       You  must  use the same remote as the destination of the sync.  The compare directory must
       not overlap the destination directory.

       See --copy-dest and --backup-dir.

   –config=CONFIG_FILE
       Specify the location of the rclone config file.

       Normally  the   config   file   is   in   your   home   directory   as   a   file   called
       .config/rclone/rclone.conf  (or  .rclone.conf  if  created  with  an  older  version).  If
       $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set it will be at $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/rclone/rclone.conf.

       If there is a file rclone.conf in the same directory as the rclone executable it  will  be
       preferred.   This  file  must  be  created manually for Rclone to use it, it will never be
       created automatically.

       If you run rclone config file you will see where the default location is for you.

       Use this flag to override the config location, eg rclone --config=".myconfig" .config.

   –contimeout=TIME
       Set the connection timeout.  This should be in go time format which looks like  5s  for  5
       seconds, 10m for 10 minutes, or 3h30m.

       The  connection  timeout  is  the  amount  of time rclone will wait for a connection to go
       through to a remote object storage system.  It is 1m by default.

   –copy-dest=DIR
       When using sync, copy or move DIR is checked in addition to the destination for files.  If
       a  file  identical  to the source is found that file is server side copied from DIR to the
       destination.  This is useful for incremental backup.

       The remote in use must support server side copy and you must use the same  remote  as  the
       destination  of  the  sync.   The  compare  directory  must  not  overlap  the destination
       directory.

       See --compare-dest and --backup-dir.

   –dedupe-mode MODE
       Mode to run dedupe command in.  One of interactive, skip, first, newest,  oldest,  rename.
       The  default is interactive.  See the dedupe command for more information as to what these
       options mean.

   –disable FEATURE,FEATURE,...
       This disables a comma separated list of optional features.  For example to disable  server
       side move and server side copy use:

              --disable move,copy

       The features can be put in any case.

       To see a list of which features can be disabled use:

              --disable help

       See  the  overview  features (https://rclone.org/overview/#features) and optional features
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#optional-features) to get an  idea  of  which  feature  does
       what.

       This  flag  can  be useful for debugging and in exceptional circumstances (eg Google Drive
       limiting the total volume of Server Side Copies to 100GB/day).

   -n, –dry-run
       Do a trial run with no permanent changes.  Use this to see what rclone  would  do  without
       actually  doing  it.   Useful  when setting up the sync command which deletes files in the
       destination.

   –expect-continue-timeout=TIME
       This specifies the amount of time to wait for a  server’s  first  response  headers  after
       fully  writing  the  request  headers if the request has an “Expect: 100-continue” header.
       Not all backends support using this.

       Zero means no timeout and causes the body to be sent immediately, without waiting for  the
       server to approve.  This time does not include the time to send the request header.

       The default is 1s.  Set to 0 to disable.

   –error-on-no-transfer
       By default, rclone will exit with return code 0 if there were no errors.

       This  option  allows rclone to return exit code 9 if no files were transferred between the
       source and destination.  This allows using rclone in  scripts,  and  triggering  follow-on
       actions if data was copied, or skipping if not.

       NB:  Enabling  this  option turns a usually non-fatal error into a potentially fatal one -
       please check and adjust your scripts accordingly!

   –header
       Add an HTTP header for all transactions.   The  flag  can  be  repeated  to  add  multiple
       headers.

       If  you  want  to  add headers only for uploads use --header-upload and if you want to add
       headers only for downloads use --header-download.

       This flag is supported for all HTTP based backends even those not supported  by  --header-
       upload and --header-download so may be used as a workaround for those with care.

              rclone ls remote:test --header "X-Rclone: Foo" --header "X-LetMeIn: Yes"

   –header-download
       Add  an  HTTP  header  for  all  download  transactions.   The flag can be repeated to add
       multiple headers.

              rclone sync -i s3:test/src ~/dst --header-download "X-Amz-Meta-Test: Foo" --header-download "X-Amz-Meta-Test2: Bar"

       See the  GitHub  issue  here  (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/59)  for  currently
       supported backends.

   –header-upload
       Add  an HTTP header for all upload transactions.  The flag can be repeated to add multiple
       headers.

              rclone sync -i ~/src s3:test/dst --header-upload "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename='cool.html'" --header-upload "X-Amz-Meta-Test: FooBar"

       See the  GitHub  issue  here  (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/59)  for  currently
       supported backends.

   –ignore-case-sync
       Using  this option will cause rclone to ignore the case of the files when synchronizing so
       files will not be copied/synced when the existing filenames are  the  same,  even  if  the
       casing is different.

   –ignore-checksum
       Normally  rclone  will  check  that  the checksums of transferred files match, and give an
       error “corrupted on transfer” if they don’t.

       You can use this option to skip that check.  You should only use it if you  have  had  the
       “corrupted  on  transfer”  error  message  and  you  are  sure  you might want to transfer
       potentially corrupted data.

   –ignore-existing
       Using this option will make rclone unconditionally  skip  all  files  that  exist  on  the
       destination, no matter the content of these files.

       While  this  isn’t  a  generally  recommended option, it can be useful in cases where your
       files change due to encryption.  However, it cannot correct partial transfers  in  case  a
       transfer was interrupted.

   –ignore-size
       Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see if they are equal.
       If you set this flag then rclone will check only the modification time.  If --checksum  is
       set then it only checks the checksum.

       It will also cause rclone to skip verifying the sizes are the same after transfer.

       This  can  be  useful  for  transferring  files  to  and  from OneDrive which occasionally
       misreports the size of image files (see #399 (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/399)
       for more info).

   -I, –ignore-times
       Using  this option will cause rclone to unconditionally upload all files regardless of the
       state of files on the destination.

       Normally rclone would skip any files that have the same modification time and are the same
       size (or have the same checksum if using --checksum).

   –immutable
       Treat source and destination files as immutable and disallow modification.

       With  this  option set, files will be created and deleted as requested, but existing files
       will never be updated.  If an  existing  file  does  not  match  between  the  source  and
       destination,  rclone  will  give  the error Source and destination exist but do not match:
       immutable file modified.

       Note that only commands which transfer files (e.g. sync, copy, move) are affected by  this
       behavior,  and  only  modification  is  disallowed.  Files may still be deleted explicitly
       (e.g. delete, purge) or implicitly (e.g. sync, move).   Use  copy  --immutable  if  it  is
       desired to avoid deletion as well as modification.

       This  can be useful as an additional layer of protection for immutable or append-only data
       sets (notably backup archives), where modification implies corruption and  should  not  be
       propagated.

   -i / –interactive
       This  flag  can  be  used  to  tell  rclone  that  you  wish  a manual confirmation before
       destructive operations.

       It is recommended that you use this flag while  learning  rclone  especially  with  rclone
       sync.

       For example

              $ rclone delete -i /tmp/dir
              rclone: delete "important-file.txt"?
              y) Yes, this is OK (default)
              n) No, skip this
              s) Skip all delete operations with no more questions
              !) Do all delete operations with no more questions
              q) Exit rclone now.
              y/n/s/!/q> n

       The options mean

       • y:  Yes,  this operation should go ahead.  You can also press Return for this to happen.
         You’ll be asked every time unless you choose s or !.

       • n: No, do not do this operation.  You’ll be asked every time unless you choose s or !.

       • s: Skip all the following operations of this type with no more  questions.   This  takes
         effect  until  rclone  exits.   If  there are any different kind of operations you’ll be
         prompted for them.

       • !: Do all the following operations with no more questions.   Useful  if  you’ve  decided
         that you don’t mind rclone doing that kind of operation.  This takes effect until rclone
         exits .  If there are any different kind of operations you’ll be prompted for them.

       • q: Quit rclone now, just in case!

   –leave-root
       During rmdirs it will not remove root directory, even if it’s empty.

   –log-file=FILE
       Log all of rclone’s output to FILE.  This is not active by default.  This  can  be  useful
       for  tracking  down  problems with syncs in combination with the -v flag.  See the Logging
       section for more info.

       If FILE exists then rclone will append to it.

       Note that if you are using the logrotate program to manage rclone’s logs, then you  should
       use the copytruncate option as rclone doesn’t have a signal to rotate logs.

   –log-format LIST
       Comma  separated  list  of  log  format  options.   date,  time,  microseconds,  longfile,
       shortfile, UTC.  The default is “date,time”.

   –log-level LEVEL
       This sets the log level for rclone.  The default log level is NOTICE.

       DEBUG is equivalent to -vv.  It outputs lots of debug info - useful for  bug  reports  and
       really finding out what rclone is doing.

       INFO  is  equivalent  to  -v.  It outputs information about each transfer and prints stats
       once a minute by default.

       NOTICE is the default log level if no logging flags are supplied.  It outputs very  little
       when things are working normally.  It outputs warnings and significant events.

       ERROR is equivalent to -q.  It only outputs error messages.

   –use-json-log
       This  switches  the log format to JSON for rclone.  The fields of json log are level, msg,
       source, time.

   –low-level-retries NUMBER
       This controls the number of low level retries rclone does.

       A low level retry is used to retry a failing operation - typically one HTTP request.  This
       might  be  uploading a chunk of a big file for example.  You will see low level retries in
       the log with the -v flag.

       This shouldn’t need to be changed from the default in normal operations.  However, if  you
       get  a  lot  of low level retries you may wish to reduce the value so rclone moves on to a
       high level retry (see the --retries flag) quicker.

       Disable low level retries with --low-level-retries 1.

   –max-backlog=N
       This is the maximum allowable backlog of  files  in  a  sync/copy/move  queued  for  being
       checked or transferred.

       This  can  be  set  arbitrarily  large.  It will only use memory when the queue is in use.
       Note that it will use in the order of N kB of memory when the backlog is in use.

       Setting this large allows rclone to calculate how many files are pending more  accurately,
       give a more accurate estimated finish time and make --order-by work more accurately.

       Setting  this  small will make rclone more synchronous to the listings of the remote which
       may be desirable.

       Setting this to a negative number will make the backlog as large as possible.

   –max-delete=N
       This tells rclone not to delete more than N files.  If that limit is exceeded then a fatal
       error will be generated and rclone will stop the operation in progress.

   –max-depth=N
       This modifies the recursion depth for all the commands except purge.

       So  if  you  do rclone --max-depth 1 ls remote:path you will see only the files in the top
       level directory.  Using --max-depth 2 means you will  see  all  the  files  in  first  two
       directory levels and so on.

       For  historical  reasons  the  lsd  command defaults to using a --max-depth of 1 - you can
       override this with the command line flag.

       You can use this command to disable recursion (with --max-depth 1).

       Note that if you use this with sync and --delete-excluded the files not  recursed  through
       are considered excluded and will be deleted on the destination.  Test first with --dry-run
       if you are not sure what will happen.

   –max-duration=TIME
       Rclone will stop scheduling new transfers when it has run for the duration specified.

       Defaults to off.

       When the limit is reached any existing transfers will complete.

       Rclone won’t exit with an error if the transfer limit is reached.

   –max-transfer=SIZE
       Rclone will stop transferring when it has reached the size specified.  Defaults to off.

       When the limit is reached all transfers will stop immediately.

       Rclone will exit with exit code 8 if the transfer limit is reached.

   –cutoff-mode=hard|soft|cautious
       This modifies the behavior of --max-transfer Defaults to --cutoff-mode=hard.

       Specifying --cutoff-mode=hard will stop transferring immediately when Rclone  reaches  the
       limit.

       Specifying  --cutoff-mode=soft  will  stop  starting new transfers when Rclone reaches the
       limit.

       Specifying --cutoff-mode=cautious will try to prevent Rclone from reaching the limit.

   –modify-window=TIME
       When checking whether a  file  has  been  modified,  this  is  the  maximum  allowed  time
       difference that a file can have and still be considered equivalent.

       The  default  is  1ns unless this is overridden by a remote.  For example OS X only stores
       modification times to the nearest second so if you are reading and  writing  to  an  OS  X
       filing system this will be 1s by default.

       This command line flag allows you to override that computed default.

   –multi-thread-cutoff=SIZE
       When  downloading  files  to  the  local backend above this size, rclone will use multiple
       threads to download the file (default 250M).

       Rclone  preallocates  the  file   (using   fallocate(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE)   on   unix   or
       NTSetInformationFile  on  Windows  both  of  which  takes no time) then each thread writes
       directly into the file at  the  correct  place.   This  means  that  rclone  won’t  create
       fragmented  or  sparse  files  and  there  won’t  be  any  assembly time at the end of the
       transfer.

       The number of threads used to download is controlled by --multi-thread-streams.

       Use -vv if you wish to see info about the threads.

       This will work with the sync/copy/move commands and friends copyto/moveto.   Multi  thread
       downloads  will  be  used with rclone mount and rclone serve if --vfs-cache-mode is set to
       writes or above.

       NB that this only works for a local destination but will work with any source.

       NB that multi thread copies are disabled for local to local  copies  as  they  are  faster
       without unless --multi-thread-streams is set explicitly.

       NB  on  Windows  using  multi-thread downloads will cause the resulting files to be sparse
       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_file).   Use  --local-no-sparse  to  disable  sparse
       files  (which  may  cause  long  delays at the start of downloads) or disable multi-thread
       downloads with --multi-thread-streams 0

   –multi-thread-streams=N
       When using multi thread downloads (see above --multi-thread-cutoff) this sets the  maximum
       number of streams to use.  Set to 0 to disable multi thread downloads (Default 4).

       Exactly how many streams rclone uses for the download depends on the size of the file.  To
       calculate the number of download streams Rclone divides  the  size  of  the  file  by  the
       --multi-thread-cutoff and rounds up, up to the maximum set with --multi-thread-streams.

       So  if  --multi-thread-cutoff  250MB  and  --multi-thread-streams  4  are  in  effect (the
       defaults):

       • 0MB..250MB files will be downloaded with 1 stream

       • 250MB..500MB files will be downloaded with 2 streams

       • 500MB..750MB files will be downloaded with 3 streams

       • 750MB+ files will be downloaded with 4 streams

   –no-check-dest
       The --no-check-dest can be used with move or copy and it causes rclone not  to  check  the
       destination at all when copying files.

       This means that:

       • the destination is not listed minimising the API calls

       • files are always transferred

       • this can cause duplicates on remotes which allow it (eg Google Drive)

       • --retries 1 is recommended otherwise you’ll transfer everything again on a retry

       This flag is useful to minimise the transactions if you know that none of the files are on
       the destination.

       This is a specialized flag which should be ignored by most users!

   –no-gzip-encoding
       Don’t set Accept-Encoding: gzip.   This  means  that  rclone  won’t  ask  the  server  for
       compressed  files  automatically.   Useful  if  you’ve set the server to return files with
       Content-Encoding: gzip but you uploaded compressed files.

       There is no need to set this in normal operation, and doing so will decrease  the  network
       transfer efficiency of rclone.

   –no-traverse
       The  --no-traverse  flag  controls  whether  the destination file system is traversed when
       using the copy or move commands.  --no-traverse is not compatible with sync  and  will  be
       ignored if you supply it with sync.

       If  you  are  only  copying  a  small number of files (or are filtering most of the files)
       and/or have a large number of files on the destination then --no-traverse will stop rclone
       listing the destination and save time.

       However,  if  you  are copying a large number of files, especially if you are doing a copy
       where lots of the files under consideration haven’t changed and won’t  need  copying  then
       you shouldn’t use --no-traverse.

       See  rclone  copy  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copy/) for an example of how to use
       it.

   –no-unicode-normalization
       Don’t normalize unicode characters in filenames during the sync routine.

       Sometimes, an operating system will store filenames  containing  unicode  parts  in  their
       decomposed  form (particularly macOS).  Some cloud storage systems will then recompose the
       unicode, resulting in duplicate files  if  the  data  is  ever  copied  back  to  a  local
       filesystem.

       Using  this  flag  will  disable  that  functionality,  treating each unicode character as
       unique.  For example, by default é and é will be  normalized  into  the  same  character.
       With --no-unicode-normalization they will be treated as unique characters.

   –no-update-modtime
       When  using  this flag, rclone won’t update modification times of remote files if they are
       incorrect as it would normally.

       This can be used if the remote is being synced with another tool also (eg the Google Drive
       client).

   –order-by string
       The  --order-by  flag  controls  the  order in which files in the backlog are processed in
       rclone sync, rclone copy and rclone move.

       The order by string is constructed like this.  The first part  describes  what  aspect  is
       being measured:

       • size - order by the size of the files

       • name - order by the full path of the files

       • modtime - order by the modification date of the files

       This can have a modifier appended with a comma:

       • ascending or asc - order so that the smallest (or oldest) is processed first

       • descending or desc - order so that the largest (or newest) is processed first

       • mixed  -  order so that the smallest is processed first for some threads and the largest
         for others

       If the modifier is mixed then it can have an optional percentage (which defaults  to  50),
       eg  size,mixed,25  which means that 25% of the threads should be taking the smallest items
       and 75% the largest.  The threads which take the  smallest  first  will  always  take  the
       smallest  first  and  likewise the largest first threads.  The mixed mode can be useful to
       minimise the transfer time when you are transferring a mixture of large and small files  -
       the  large  files  are guaranteed upload threads and bandwidth and the small files will be
       processed continuously.

       If no modifier is supplied then the order is ascending.

       For example

       • --order-by size,desc - send the largest files first

       • --order-by modtime,ascending - send the oldest files first

       • --order-by name - send the files with alphabetically by path first

       If the --order-by flag is not supplied or it is supplied with an  empty  string  then  the
       default  ordering  will  be  used  which  is as scanned.  With --checkers 1 this is mostly
       alphabetical, however with the default --checkers 8 it is somewhat random.

   Limitations
       The --order-by flag does not do a separate pass over the data.  This  means  that  it  may
       transfer some files out of the order specified if

       • there are no files in the backlog or the source has not been fully scanned yet

       • there are more than –max-backlog files in the backlog

       Rclone  will  do  its best to transfer the best file it has so in practice this should not
       cause a problem.  Think of --order-by as being more of a best efforts flag rather  than  a
       perfect ordering.

   –password-command SpaceSepList
       This flag supplies a program which should supply the config password when run.  This is an
       alternative to rclone  prompting  for  the  password  or  setting  the  RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS
       variable.

       The argument to this should be a command with a space separated list of arguments.  If one
       of the arguments has a space in then enclose it in ", if  you  want  a  literal  "  in  an
       argument   then   enclose  the  argument  in  "  and  double  the  ".   See  CSV  encoding
       (https://godoc.org/encoding/csv) for more info.

       Eg

              --password-command echo hello
              --password-command echo "hello with space"
              --password-command echo "hello with ""quotes"" and space"

       See the Configuration Encryption for more info.

       See       a       Windows       PowerShell        example        on        the        Wiki
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/wiki/Windows-Powershell-use-rclone-password-command-for-
       Config-file-password).

   -P, –progress
       This flag makes rclone update the stats in a static block  in  the  terminal  providing  a
       realtime overview of the transfer.

       Any  log  messages  will scroll above the static block.  Log messages will push the static
       block down to the bottom of the terminal where it will stay.

       Normally this is updated every 500mS but this period can be overridden  with  the  --stats
       flag.

       This can be used with the --stats-one-line flag for a simpler display.

       Note:  On Windows until this bug (https://github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm/issues/26) is fixed
       all non-ASCII characters will be replaced with . when --progress is in use.

   -q, –quiet
       This flag will limit rclone’s output to error messages only.

   –refresh-times
       The --refresh-times flag can be used to update modification times of existing  files  when
       they are out of sync on backends which don’t support hashes.

       This  is  useful  if  you uploaded files with the incorrect timestamps and you now wish to
       correct them.

       This flag is only useful for destinations which don’t support hashes (eg crypt).

       This can be used any of the sync commands sync, copy or move.

       To use this flag you will need to be doing a modification time sync (so not using  --size-
       only or --checksum).  The flag will have no effect when using --size-only or --checksum.

       If  this  flag is used when rclone comes to upload a file it will check to see if there is
       an existing file on the destination.  If this file  matches  the  source  with  size  (and
       checksum  if  available)  but  has  a differing timestamp then instead of re-uploading it,
       rclone will update the timestamp on the destination file.  If the checksum does not  match
       rclone  will  upload the new file.  If the checksum is absent (eg on a crypt backend) then
       rclone will update the timestamp.

       Note that some remotes can’t set the modification time without re-uploading  the  file  so
       this flag is less useful on them.

       Normally  if  you are doing a modification time sync rclone will update modification times
       without --refresh-times provided that the remote  supports  checksums  and  the  checksums
       match  on  the file.  However if the checksums are absent then rclone will upload the file
       rather than setting the timestamp as this is the safe behaviour.

   –retries int
       Retry the entire sync if it fails this many times it fails (default 3).

       Some remotes can be unreliable and a few retries help pick up the files which  didn’t  get
       transferred because of errors.

       Disable retries with --retries 1.

   –retries-sleep=TIME
       This sets the interval between each retry specified by --retries

       The default is 0.  Use 0 to disable.

   –size-only
       Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see if they are equal.
       If you set this flag then rclone will check only the size.

       This can be useful transferring files from Dropbox which have been modified by the desktop
       sync client which doesn’t set checksums of modification times in the same way as rclone.

   –stats=TIME
       Commands  which  transfer data (sync, copy, copyto, move, moveto) will print data transfer
       stats at regular intervals to show their progress.

       This sets the interval.

       The default is 1m.  Use 0 to disable.

       If you set the stats interval then all commands can show stats.  This can be  useful  when
       running other commands, check or mount for example.

       Stats are logged at INFO level by default which means they won’t show at default log level
       NOTICE.  Use --stats-log-level NOTICE or -v to make them show.  See  the  Logging  section
       for more info on log levels.

       Note  that  on  macOS you can send a SIGINFO (which is normally ctrl-T in the terminal) to
       make the stats print immediately.

   –stats-file-name-length integer
       By default, the --stats  output  will  truncate  file  names  and  paths  longer  than  40
       characters.   This  is  equivalent to providing --stats-file-name-length 40.  Use --stats-
       file-name-length 0 to disable any truncation of file names printed by stats.

   –stats-log-level string
       Log level to show --stats output at.  This can be DEBUG,  INFO,  NOTICE,  or  ERROR.   The
       default  is  INFO.   This  means at the default level of logging which is NOTICE the stats
       won’t show - if you want them to then  use  --stats-log-level  NOTICE.   See  the  Logging
       section for more info on log levels.

   –stats-one-line
       When  this  is  specified,  rclone condenses the stats into a single line showing the most
       important stats only.

   –stats-one-line-date
       When this is specified, rclone enables the single-line stats and prepends the display with
       a date string.  The default is 2006/01/02 15:04:05 -

   –stats-one-line-date-format
       When this is specified, rclone enables the single-line stats and prepends the display with
       a user-supplied date string.  The date string MUST be enclosed in quotes.   Follow  golang
       specs (https://golang.org/pkg/time/#Time.Format) for date formatting syntax.

   –stats-unit=bits|bytes
       By default, data transfer rates will be printed in bytes/second.

       This option allows the data rate to be printed in bits/second.

       Data transfer volume will still be reported in bytes.

       The  rate  is reported as a binary unit, not SI unit.  So 1 Mbit/s equals 1,048,576 bits/s
       and not 1,000,000 bits/s.

       The default is bytes.

   –suffix=SUFFIX
       When using sync, copy or move any files which would have been overwritten or deleted  will
       have  the  suffix  added to them.  If there is a file with the same path (after the suffix
       has been added), then it will be overwritten.

       The remote in use must support server side move or copy and you must use the  same  remote
       as the destination of the sync.

       This  is  for  use with files to add the suffix in the current directory or with --backup-
       dir.  See --backup-dir for more info.

       For example

              rclone copy -i /path/to/local/file remote:current --suffix .bak

       will copy /path/to/local to remote:current, but  for  any  files  which  would  have  been
       updated or deleted have .bak added.

       If  using rclone sync with --suffix and without --backup-dir then it is recommended to put
       a filter rule in excluding the suffix otherwise the sync will delete the backup files.

              rclone sync -i /path/to/local/file remote:current --suffix .bak --exclude "*.bak"

   –suffix-keep-extension
       When using --suffix, setting this causes rclone put the SUFFIX before the extension of the
       files that it backs up rather than after.

       So  let’s say we had --suffix -2019-01-01, without the flag file.txt would be backed up to
       file.txt-2019-01-01 and with the flag it would be backed up to file-2019-01-01.txt.   This
       can be helpful to make sure the suffixed files can still be opened.

   –syslog
       On capable OSes (not Windows or Plan9) send all log output to syslog.

       This can be useful for running rclone in a script or rclone mount.

   –syslog-facility string
       If  using  --syslog  this  sets the syslog facility (eg KERN, USER).  See man syslog for a
       list of possible facilities.  The default facility is DAEMON.

   –tpslimit float
       Limit HTTP transactions per second to this.  Default is 0 which is used to mean  unlimited
       transactions per second.

       For  example to limit rclone to 10 HTTP transactions per second use --tpslimit 10, or to 1
       transaction every 2 seconds use --tpslimit 0.5.

       Use this when the number of transactions per second from rclone is causing a problem  with
       the cloud storage provider (eg getting you banned or rate limited).

       This  can  be  very useful for rclone mount to control the behaviour of applications using
       it.

       See also --tpslimit-burst.

   –tpslimit-burst int
       Max burst of transactions for --tpslimit (default 1).

       Normally --tpslimit will do exactly  the  number  of  transaction  per  second  specified.
       However  if  you supply --tps-burst then rclone can save up some transactions from when it
       was idle giving a burst of up to the parameter supplied.

       For example if you provide --tpslimit-burst 10 then if rclone has been idle for more  than
       10*--tpslimit then it can do 10 transactions very quickly before they are limited again.

       This  may  be  used  to  increase performance of --tpslimit without changing the long term
       average number of transactions per second.

   –track-renames
       By default, rclone doesn’t keep track of renamed files, so if you rename  a  file  locally
       then  sync  it to a remote, rclone will delete the old file on the remote and upload a new
       copy.

       If you use this flag, and the remote supports server side copy or server  side  move,  and
       the  source  and  destination  have a compatible hash, then this will track renames during
       sync operations and perform renaming server-side.

       Files will be matched by size and hash - if both match then a rename will be considered.

       If the destination does not support server-side copy or move, rclone will fall back to the
       default behaviour and log an error level message to the console.

       Encrypted  destinations are not currently supported by --track-renames if --track-renames-
       strategy includes hash.

       Note that --track-renames is incompatible with --no-traverse and that it uses extra memory
       to keep track of all the rename candidates.

       Note  also  that  --track-renames  is  incompatible  with  --delete-before and will select
       --delete-after instead of --delete-during.

   –track-renames-strategy (hash,modtime,leaf,size)
       This option changes the matching criteria for --track-renames.

       The matching is controlled by a comma separated selection of these tokens:

       • modtime - the modification time of the file - not supported on all backends

       • hash - the hash of the file contents - not supported on all backends

       • leaf - the name of the file not including its directory name

       • size - the size of the file (this is always enabled)

       So using --track-renames-strategy modtime,leaf would match  files  based  on  modification
       time, the leaf of the file name and the size only.

       Using  --track-renames-strategy  modtime  or  leaf  can enable --track-renames support for
       encrypted destinations.

       If nothing is specified, the default option is matching by hashes.

       Note that the hash strategy is not supported with encrypted destinations.

   –delete-(before,during,after)
       This option allows you to specify when files on your destination are deleted when you sync
       folders.

       Specifying the value --delete-before will delete all files present on the destination, but
       not on the source before starting the transfer of any new or updated files.  This uses two
       passes through the file systems, one for the deletions and one for the copies.

       Specifying  --delete-during will delete files while checking and uploading files.  This is
       the fastest option and uses the least memory.

       Specifying --delete-after (the default value) will  delay  deletion  of  files  until  all
       new/updated  files  have  been  successfully  transferred.   The  files  to be deleted are
       collected in the copy pass then deleted after the copy pass  has  completed  successfully.
       The  files to be deleted are held in memory so this mode may use more memory.  This is the
       safest mode as it will only delete files if there have been no errors subsequent to  that.
       If  there  have  been  errors before the deletions start then you will get the message not
       deleting files as there were IO errors.

   –fast-list
       When doing anything which involves a directory listing (eg sync, copy, ls - in fact nearly
       every  command),  rclone  normally  lists  a  directory and processes it before using more
       directory lists to process any subdirectories.  This can be parallelised  and  works  very
       quickly using the least amount of memory.

       However,  some  remotes  have  a way of listing all files beneath a directory in one (or a
       small number) of transactions.  These tend to be the bucket based remotes (eg S3, B2, GCS,
       Swift, Hubic).

       If  you use the --fast-list flag then rclone will use this method for listing directories.
       This will have the following consequences for the listing:

       • It will use fewer transactions (important if you pay for them)

       • It will use more memory.  Rclone has to load the whole listing into memory.

       • It may be faster because it uses fewer transactions

       • It may be slower because it can’t be parallelized

       rclone should always give identical results with and without --fast-list.

       If you pay for transactions and can fit your entire sync listing into memory then  --fast-
       list  is  recommended.   If  you  have  a  very  big sync to do then don’t use --fast-list
       otherwise you will run out of memory.

       If you use --fast-list on a remote which doesn’t support it, then rclone will just  ignore
       it.

   –timeout=TIME
       This  sets  the IO idle timeout.  If a transfer has started but then becomes idle for this
       long it is considered broken and disconnected.

       The default is 5m.  Set to 0 to disable.

   –transfers=N
       The number of file transfers to run in parallel.  It can sometimes be useful to  set  this
       to  a  smaller number if the remote is giving a lot of timeouts or bigger if you have lots
       of bandwidth and a fast remote.

       The default is to run 4 file transfers in parallel.

   -u, –update
       This forces rclone to skip any files which exist on the destination and  have  a  modified
       time that is newer than the source file.

       This  can be useful when transferring to a remote which doesn’t support mod times directly
       (or when using --use-server-modtime to avoid extra API calls) as it is more accurate  than
       a --size-only check and faster than using --checksum.

       If  an existing destination file has a modification time equal (within the computed modify
       window precision) to the source file’s, it will be updated if the sizes are different.  If
       --checksum is set then rclone will update the destination if the checksums differ too.

       If  an  existing destination file is older than the source file then it will be updated if
       the size or checksum differs from the source file.

       On remotes which don’t support mod time directly (or when using --use-server-modtime)  the
       time  checked  will  be  the  uploaded time.  This means that if uploading to one of these
       remotes, rclone will skip any files which exist on the destination and  have  an  uploaded
       time that is newer than the modification time of the source file.

   –use-mmap
       If  this flag is set then rclone will use anonymous memory allocated by mmap on Unix based
       platforms and VirtualAlloc on  Windows  for  its  transfer  buffers  (size  controlled  by
       --buffer-size).  Memory allocated like this does not go on the Go heap and can be returned
       to the OS immediately when it is finished with.

       If this flag is not set then rclone will allocate and free the buffers using the Go memory
       allocator  which may use more memory as memory pages are returned less aggressively to the
       OS.

       It is possible this does not work well on all platforms so it is disabled by  default;  in
       the future it may be enabled by default.

   –use-server-modtime
       Some  object-store  backends  (e.g,  Swift,  S3)  do  not preserve file modification times
       (modtime).  On these backends, rclone stores the original modtime as  additional  metadata
       on  the  object.   By  default  it will make an API call to retrieve the metadata when the
       modtime is needed by an operation.

       Use this flag to disable the extra API call and rely  instead  on  the  server’s  modified
       time.   In  cases such as a local to remote sync using --update, knowing the local file is
       newer than the time it was last uploaded to the remote is  sufficient.   In  those  cases,
       this flag can speed up the process and reduce the number of API calls necessary.

       Using  this  flag  on  a  sync operation without also using --update would cause all files
       modified at any time other than the last upload  time  to  be  uploaded  again,  which  is
       probably not what you want.

   -v, -vv, –verbose
       With  -v  rclone  will  tell you about each file that is transferred and a small number of
       significant events.

       With -vv rclone will become very verbose telling you about every  file  it  considers  and
       transfers.  Please send bug reports with a log with this setting.

   -V, –version
       Prints the version number

   SSL/TLS options
       The  outgoing  SSL/TLS connections rclone makes can be controlled with these options.  For
       example this can be very useful with the HTTP or WebDAV  backends.   Rclone  HTTP  servers
       have their own set of configuration for SSL/TLS which you can find in their documentation.

   –ca-cert string
       This  loads  the  PEM  encoded certificate authority certificate and uses it to verify the
       certificates of the servers rclone connects to.

       If you have generated certificates signed with a local CA then you will need this flag  to
       connect to servers using those certificates.

   –client-cert string
       This loads the PEM encoded client side certificate.

       This         is         used         for         mutual         TLS         authentication
       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_authentication).

       The --client-key flag is required too when using this.

   –client-key string
       This loads the PEM encoded client side private key used  for  mutual  TLS  authentication.
       Used in conjunction with --client-cert.

   –no-check-certificate=true/false
       --no-check-certificate  controls  whether a client verifies the server’s certificate chain
       and host name.  If --no-check-certificate is true, TLS accepts any  certificate  presented
       by  the server and any host name in that certificate.  In this mode, TLS is susceptible to
       man-in-the-middle attacks.

       This option defaults to false.

       This should be used only for testing.

   Configuration Encryption
       Your configuration file contains information for logging in to your cloud services.   This
       means that you should keep your .rclone.conf file in a secure location.

       If  you  are  in  an environment where that isn’t possible, you can add a password to your
       configuration.  This means that you will have to supply the password every time you  start
       rclone.

       To add a password to your rclone configuration, execute rclone config.

              >rclone config
              Current remotes:

              e) Edit existing remote
              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/s/q>

       Go into s, Set configuration password:

              e/n/d/s/q> s
              Your configuration is not encrypted.
              If you add a password, you will protect your login information to cloud services.
              a) Add Password
              q) Quit to main menu
              a/q> a
              Enter NEW configuration password:
              password:
              Confirm NEW password:
              password:
              Password set
              Your configuration is encrypted.
              c) Change Password
              u) Unencrypt configuration
              q) Quit to main menu
              c/u/q>

       Your  configuration  is  now  encrypted,  and every time you start rclone you will have to
       supply the password.  See below for details.   In  the  same  menu,  you  can  change  the
       password or completely remove encryption from your configuration.

       There is no way to recover the configuration if you lose your password.

       rclone uses nacl secretbox (https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/secretbox) which in
       turn uses XSalsa20 and Poly1305  to  encrypt  and  authenticate  your  configuration  with
       secret-key  cryptography.   The  password  is  SHA-256  hashed, which produces the key for
       secretbox.  The hashed password is not stored.

       While this provides very good security, we do not recommend storing your encrypted  rclone
       configuration  in  public  if it contains sensitive information, maybe except if you use a
       very strong password.

       If it is safe in your environment, you can set the RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS environment variable
       to contain your password, in which case it will be used for decrypting the configuration.

       You  can  set this for a session from a script.  For unix like systems save this to a file
       called set-rclone-password:

              #!/bin/echo Source this file don't run it

              read -s RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS
              export RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS

       Then source the file when you want to use it.  From the shell you  would  do  source  set-
       rclone-password.   It  will  then  ask  you for the password and set it in the environment
       variable.

       An alternate means of supplying the password is to provide a script  which  will  retrieve
       the password and print on standard output.  This script should have a fully specified path
       name and not rely on any  environment  variables.   The  script  is  supplied  either  via
       --password-command="..."   command   line  argument  or  via  the  RCLONE_PASSWORD_COMMAND
       environment variable.

       One useful example of  this  is  using  the  passwordstore  application  to  retrieve  the
       password:

              export RCLONE_PASSWORD_COMMAND="pass rclone/config"

       If  the  passwordstore  password  manager holds the password for the rclone configuration,
       using the script method means the password is primarily  protected  by  the  passwordstore
       system, and is never embedded in the clear in scripts, nor available for examination using
       the standard commands available.  It is quite possible with long running  rclone  sessions
       for copies of passwords to be innocently captured in log files or terminal scroll buffers,
       etc.  Using the script method of supplying the  password  enhances  the  security  of  the
       config password considerably.

       If  you  are  running  rclone inside a script, unless you are using the --password-command
       method, you might want to disable password prompts.  To do that, pass the parameter --ask-
       password=false  to rclone.  This will make rclone fail instead of asking for a password if
       RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS doesn’t contain a valid password, and --password-command has  not  been
       supplied.

   Developer options
       These  options  are  useful when developing or debugging rclone.  There are also some more
       remote specific options which aren’t documented here which are used  for  testing.   These
       start with remote name eg --drive-test-option - see the docs for the remote in question.

   –cpuprofile=FILE
       Write CPU profile to file.  This can be analysed with go tool pprof.

   –dump flag,flag,flag
       The --dump flag takes a comma separated list of flags to dump info about.

       Note  that  some  headers  including  Accept-Encoding  as  shown may not be correct in the
       request and the response may not show Content-Encoding if the go standard  libraries  auto
       gzip  encoding  was  in  effect.   In  this case the body of the request will be gunzipped
       before showing it.

       The available flags are:

   –dump headers
       Dump HTTP headers with Authorization: lines removed.  May still  contain  sensitive  info.
       Can be very verbose.  Useful for debugging only.

       Use --dump auth if you do want the Authorization: headers.

   –dump bodies
       Dump  HTTP  headers and bodies - may contain sensitive info.  Can be very verbose.  Useful
       for debugging only.

       Note that the bodies are buffered in memory so don’t use this for enormous files.

   –dump requests
       Like --dump bodies but dumps the request bodies and  the  response  headers.   Useful  for
       debugging download problems.

   –dump responses
       Like  --dump  bodies  but  dumps  the response bodies and the request headers.  Useful for
       debugging upload problems.

   –dump auth
       Dump HTTP headers - will contain sensitive info  such  as  Authorization:  headers  -  use
       --dump  headers  to dump without Authorization: headers.  Can be very verbose.  Useful for
       debugging only.

   –dump filters
       Dump the filters to the output.  Useful to see exactly what include  and  exclude  options
       are filtering on.

   –dump goroutines
       This dumps a list of the running go-routines at the end of the command to standard output.

   –dump openfiles
       This  dumps  a list of the open files at the end of the command.  It uses the lsof command
       to do that so you’ll need that installed to use it.

   –memprofile=FILE
       Write memory profile to file.  This can be analysed with go tool pprof.

   Filtering
       For the filtering options

       • --delete-excluded

       • --filter

       • --filter-from

       • --exclude

       • --exclude-from

       • --include

       • --include-from

       • --files-from

       • --files-from-raw

       • --min-size

       • --max-size

       • --min-age

       • --max-age

       • --dump filters

       See the filtering section (https://rclone.org/filtering/).

   Remote control
       For the remote control options and for instructions on how to remote control rclone

       • --rc


       • and anything starting with --rc-
       See the remote control section (https://rclone.org/rc/).

   Logging
       rclone has 4 levels of logging, ERROR, NOTICE, INFO and DEBUG.

       By default, rclone logs to standard error.  This means you can redirect standard error and
       still see the normal output of rclone commands (eg rclone ls).

       By default, rclone will produce Error and Notice level messages.

       If you use the -q flag, rclone will only produce Error messages.

       If you use the -v flag, rclone will produce Error, Notice and Info messages.

       If you use the -vv flag, rclone will produce Error, Notice, Info and Debug messages.

       You can also control the log levels with the --log-level flag.

       If you use the --log-file=FILE option, rclone will redirect Error, Info and Debug messages
       along with standard error to FILE.

       If you use the --syslog flag then rclone will log  to  syslog  and  the  --syslog-facility
       control which facility it uses.

       Rclone prefixes all log messages with their level in capitals, eg INFO which makes it easy
       to grep the log file for different kinds of information.

   Exit Code
       If any errors occur during the command execution, rclone will exit with  a  non-zero  exit
       code.  This allows scripts to detect when rclone operations have failed.

       During  the  startup  phase,  rclone  will exit immediately if an error is detected in the
       configuration.  There will always be a log message immediately before exiting.

       When rclone is running it will accumulate errors as it goes along, and only  exit  with  a
       non-zero  exit code if (after retries) there were still failed transfers.  For every error
       counted there will be a high priority log message (visible with -q)  showing  the  message
       and  which file caused the problem.  A high priority message is also shown when starting a
       retry so the user can see that any previous error messages may  not  be  valid  after  the
       retry.   If  rclone  has done a retry it will log a high priority message if the retry was
       successful.

   List of exit codes
       • 0 - success

       • 1 - Syntax or usage error

       • 2 - Error not otherwise categorised

       • 3 - Directory not found

       • 4 - File not found

       • 5 - Temporary error (one that more retries might fix) (Retry errors)

       • 6 - Less serious errors (like 461 errors from dropbox) (NoRetry errors)

       • 7 - Fatal error (one that more retries won’t fix, like account suspended) (Fatal errors)

       • 8 - Transfer exceeded - limit set by –max-transfer reached

       • 9 - Operation successful, but no files transferred

   Environment Variables
       Rclone can be configured entirely using environment variables.  These can be used  to  set
       defaults for options or config file entries.

   Options
       Every option in rclone can have its default set by environment variable.

       To  find the name of the environment variable, first, take the long option name, strip the
       leading --, change - to _, make upper case and prepend RCLONE_.

       For example, to always set --stats 5s, set the environment variable  RCLONE_STATS=5s.   If
       you set stats on the command line this will override the environment variable setting.

       Or to always use the trash in drive --drive-use-trash, set RCLONE_DRIVE_USE_TRASH=true.

       The same parser is used for the options and the environment variables so they take exactly
       the same form.

   Config file
       You can set defaults for values in the config file on an individual remote basis.  If  you
       want  to use this feature, you will need to discover the name of the config items that you
       want.  The easiest way is to run through rclone config by hand, then look  in  the  config
       file  to  see what the values are (the config file can be found by looking at the help for
       --config in rclone help).

       To find the name of the environment variable, you need to set, take RCLONE_CONFIG_ +  name
       of remote + _ + name of config file option and make it all uppercase.

       For  example, to configure an S3 remote named mys3: without a config file (using unix ways
       of setting environment variables):

              $ export RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_TYPE=s3
              $ export RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_ACCESS_KEY_ID=XXX
              $ export RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=XXX
              $ rclone lsd MYS3:
                        -1 2016-09-21 12:54:21        -1 my-bucket
              $ rclone listremotes | grep mys3
              mys3:

       Note that if you want to create a remote using environment variables you must  create  the
       ..._TYPE variable as above.

   Precedence
       The  various  different  methods  of  backend configuration are read in this order and the
       first one with a value is used.

       • Flag values as supplied on the command line, eg --drive-use-trash.

       • Remote specific environment vars, eg RCLONE_CONFIG_MYREMOTE_USE_TRASH (see above).

       • Backend specific environment vars, eg RCLONE_DRIVE_USE_TRASH.

       • Config file, eg use_trash = false.

       • Default values, eg true - these can’t be changed.

       So if both --drive-use-trash is supplied on the config line and  an  environment  variable
       RCLONE_DRIVE_USE_TRASH is set, the command line flag will take preference.

       For non backend configuration the order is as follows:

       • Flag values as supplied on the command line, eg --stats 5s.

       • Environment vars, eg RCLONE_STATS=5s.

       • Default values, eg 1m - these can’t be changed.

   Other environment variables
       • RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS   set  to  contain  your  config  file  password  (see  Configuration
         Encryption section)

       • HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY and NO_PROXY (or the lowercase versions thereof).

         • HTTPS_PROXY takes precedence over HTTP_PROXY for https requests.

         • The environment values may be either a complete URL or a “host[:port]” for,  in  which
           case the “http” scheme is assumed.

       • RCLONE_CONFIG_DIR  - rclone sets this variable for use in config files and sub processes
         to point to the directory holding the config file.

Configuring rclone on a remote / headless machine

       Some of the configurations (those involving oauth2)  require  an  Internet  connected  web
       browser.

       If  you  are trying to set rclone up on a remote or headless box with no browser available
       on it (eg a NAS or a server in a datacenter) then you will  need  to  use  an  alternative
       means of configuration.  There are two ways of doing it, described below.

   Configuring using rclone authorize
       On the headless box run rclone config but answer N to the Use auto config? question.

              ...
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes (default)
              n) No
              y/n> n
              For this to work, you will need rclone available on a machine that has
              a web browser available.

              For more help and alternate methods see: https://rclone.org/remote_setup/

              Execute the following on the machine with the web browser (same rclone
              version recommended):

                  rclone authorize "amazon cloud drive"

              Then paste the result below:
              result>

       Then on your main desktop machine

              rclone authorize "amazon cloud drive"
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              Paste the following into your remote machine --->
              SECRET_TOKEN
              <---End paste

       Then back to the headless box, paste in the code

              result> SECRET_TOKEN
              --------------------
              [acd12]
              client_id =
              client_secret =
              token = SECRET_TOKEN
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d>

   Configuring by copying the config file
       Rclone stores all of its config in a single configuration file.  This can easily be copied
       to configure a remote rclone.

       So first configure rclone on your desktop machine with

              rclone config

       to set up the config file.

       Find the config file by running rclone config file, for example

              $ rclone config file
              Configuration file is stored at:
              /home/user/.rclone.conf

       Now transfer it to the remote box (scp, cut paste, ftp, sftp etc)  and  place  it  in  the
       correct place (use rclone config file on the remote box to find out where).

Filtering, includes and excludes

       Rclone  has  a sophisticated set of include and exclude rules.  Some of these are based on
       patterns and some on other things like file size.

       The filters are applied for the copy, sync, move, ls, lsl, md5sum, sha1sum,  size,  delete
       and check operations.  Note that purge does not obey the filters.

       Each  path  as  it  passes through rclone is matched against the include and exclude rules
       like --include, --exclude, --include-from,  --exclude-from,  --filter,  or  --filter-from.
       The  simplest  way to try them out is using the ls command, or --dry-run together with -v.
       --filter-from, --exclude-from, --include-from, --files-from, --files-from-raw understand -
       as a file name to mean read from standard input.

   Patterns
       The  patterns  used to match files for inclusion or exclusion are based on “file globs” as
       used by the unix shell.

       If the pattern starts with a / then it only matches at the  top  level  of  the  directory
       tree,  relative  to  the root of the remote (not necessarily the root of the local drive).
       If it doesn’t start with / then it is matched starting at the end of the path, but it will
       only match a complete path element:

              file.jpg  - matches "file.jpg"
                        - matches "directory/file.jpg"
                        - doesn't match "afile.jpg"
                        - doesn't match "directory/afile.jpg"
              /file.jpg - matches "file.jpg" in the root directory of the remote
                        - doesn't match "afile.jpg"
                        - doesn't match "directory/file.jpg"

       Important Note that you must use / in patterns and not \ even if running on Windows.

       A * matches anything but not a /.

              *.jpg  - matches "file.jpg"
                     - matches "directory/file.jpg"
                     - doesn't match "file.jpg/something"

       Use ** to match anything, including slashes (/).

              dir/** - matches "dir/file.jpg"
                     - matches "dir/dir1/dir2/file.jpg"
                     - doesn't match "directory/file.jpg"
                     - doesn't match "adir/file.jpg"

       A ? matches any character except a slash /.

              l?ss  - matches "less"
                    - matches "lass"
                    - doesn't match "floss"

       A  [  and ] together make a character class, such as [a-z] or [aeiou] or [[:alpha:]].  See
       the go regexp docs (https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/syntax/) for more info on these.

              h[ae]llo - matches "hello"
                       - matches "hallo"
                       - doesn't match "hullo"

       A { and } define a choice between elements.  It should contain a comma separated  list  of
       patterns, any of which might match.  These patterns can contain wildcards.

              {one,two}_potato - matches "one_potato"
                               - matches "two_potato"
                               - doesn't match "three_potato"
                               - doesn't match "_potato"

       Special characters can be escaped with a \ before them.

              \*.jpg       - matches "*.jpg"
              \\.jpg       - matches "\.jpg"
              \[one\].jpg  - matches "[one].jpg"

       Patterns are case sensitive unless the --ignore-case flag is used.

       Without --ignore-case (default)

              potato - matches "potato"
                     - doesn't match "POTATO"

       With --ignore-case

              potato - matches "potato"
                     - matches "POTATO"

       Note  also  that  rclone  filter  globs can only be used in one of the filter command line
       flags,  not  in  the  specification  of  the  remote,  so  rclone  copy  "remote:dir*.jpg"
       /path/to/dir  won’t  work  -  what is required is rclone --include "*.jpg" copy remote:dir
       /path/to/dir

   Directories
       Rclone keeps track of directories that could match any file patterns.

       Eg if you add the include rule

              /a/*.jpg

       Rclone will synthesize the directory include rule

              /a/

       If you put any rules which end in / then it will only match directories.

       Directory matches are only used to optimise directory access patterns  -  you  must  still
       match  the  files  that  you  want to match.  Directory matches won’t optimise anything on
       bucket based remotes (eg s3, swift, google compute storage, b2) which don’t have a concept
       of directory.

   Differences between rsync and rclone patterns
       Rclone implements bash style {a,b,c} glob matching which rsync doesn’t.

       Rclone always does a wildcard match so \ must always escape a \.

   How the rules are used
       Rclone maintains a combined list of include rules and exclude rules.

       Each  file  is matched in order, starting from the top, against the rule in the list until
       it finds a match.  The file is then included or excluded according to the rule type.

       If the matcher fails to find a match after testing against all the  entries  in  the  list
       then the path is included.

       For example given the following rules, + being include, - being exclude,

              - secret*.jpg
              + *.jpg
              + *.png
              + file2.avi
              - *

       This would include

       • file1.jpg

       • file3.png

       • file2.avi

       This would exclude

       • secret17.jpg

       • non *.jpg and *.png

       A  similar  process  is  done  on directory entries before recursing into them.  This only
       works on remotes which have a concept of directory  (Eg  local,  google  drive,  onedrive,
       amazon drive) and not on bucket based remotes (eg s3, swift, google compute storage, b2).

   Adding filtering rules
       Filtering rules are added with the following command line flags.

   Repeating options
       You can repeat the following options to add more than one rule of that type.

       • --include

       • --include-from

       • --exclude

       • --exclude-from

       • --filter

       • --filter-from

       • --filter-from-raw

       Important  You  should  not  use  --include*  together  with  --exclude*.   It may produce
       different results than you expected.  In that case try to use: --filter*.

       Note that all the options of the same type are processed  together  in  the  order  above,
       regardless of what order they were placed on the command line.

       So  all  --include  options  are processed first in the order they appeared on the command
       line, then all --include-from options etc.

       To mix up the order includes and excludes, the --filter flag can be used.

   --exclude - Exclude files matching pattern
       Add a single exclude rule with --exclude.

       This flag can be repeated.  See above for the order the flags are processed in.

       Eg --exclude *.bak to exclude all bak files from the sync.

   --exclude-from - Read exclude patterns from file
       Add exclude rules from a file.

       This flag can be repeated.  See above for the order the flags are processed in.

       Prepare a file like this exclude-file.txt

              # a sample exclude rule file
              *.bak
              file2.jpg

       Then use as --exclude-from exclude-file.txt.  This will sync all files except those ending
       in bak and file2.jpg.

       This is useful if you have a lot of rules.

   --include - Include files matching pattern
       Add a single include rule with --include.

       This flag can be repeated.  See above for the order the flags are processed in.

       Eg --include *.{png,jpg} to include all png and jpg files in the backup and no others.

       This  adds an implicit --exclude * at the very end of the filter list.  This means you can
       mix --include and --include-from with the  other  filters  (eg  --exclude)  but  you  must
       include  all  the files you want in the include statement.  If this doesn’t provide enough
       flexibility then you must use --filter-from.

   --include-from - Read include patterns from file
       Add include rules from a file.

       This flag can be repeated.  See above for the order the flags are processed in.

       Prepare a file like this include-file.txt

              # a sample include rule file
              *.jpg
              *.png
              file2.avi

       Then use as --include-from include-file.txt.  This  will  sync  all  jpg,  png  files  and
       file2.avi.

       This is useful if you have a lot of rules.

       This  adds an implicit --exclude * at the very end of the filter list.  This means you can
       mix --include and --include-from with the  other  filters  (eg  --exclude)  but  you  must
       include  all  the files you want in the include statement.  If this doesn’t provide enough
       flexibility then you must use --filter-from.

   --filter - Add a file-filtering rule
       This can be used to add a single include or exclude rule.  Include rules start with +  and
       exclude  rules  start  with  -.  A special rule called ! can be used to clear the existing
       rules.

       This flag can be repeated.  See above for the order the flags are processed in.

       Eg --filter "- *.bak" to exclude all bak files from the sync.

   --filter-from - Read filtering patterns from a file
       Add include/exclude rules from a file.

       This flag can be repeated.  See above for the order the flags are processed in.

       Prepare a file like this filter-file.txt

              # a sample filter rule file
              - secret*.jpg
              + *.jpg
              + *.png
              + file2.avi
              - /dir/Trash/**
              + /dir/**
              # exclude everything else
              - *

       Then use as --filter-from filter-file.txt.  The rules are processed in the order that they
       are defined.

       This  example  will  include all jpg and png files, exclude any files matching secret*.jpg
       and include file2.avi.  It will also include everything in the directory dir at  the  root
       of  the  sync,  except  dir/Trash which it will exclude.  Everything else will be excluded
       from the sync.

   --files-from - Read list of source-file names
       This reads a list of file names  from  the  file  passed  in  and  only  these  files  are
       transferred.  The filtering rules are ignored completely if you use this option.

       --files-from  expects  a  list  of  files  as its input.  Leading / trailing whitespace is
       stripped from the input lines and lines starting with # and ; are ignored.

       Rclone will traverse the file system if you use --files-from, effectively using the  files
       in  --files-from  as  a  set  of  filters.   Rclone will not error if any of the files are
       missing.

       If you use --no-traverse as well  as  --files-from  then  rclone  will  not  traverse  the
       destination  file  system,  it  will find each file individually using approximately 1 API
       call.  This can be more efficient for small lists of files.

       This option can be repeated to read from more than one file.  These are read in the  order
       that they are placed on the command line.

       Paths within the --files-from file will be interpreted as starting with the root specified
       in the command.  Leading / characters are ignored.  See –files-from-raw if  you  need  the
       input to be processed in a raw manner.

       For example, suppose you had files-from.txt with this content:

              # comment
              file1.jpg
              subdir/file2.jpg

       You could then use it like this:

              rclone copy --files-from files-from.txt /home/me/pics remote:pics

       This will transfer these files only (if they exist)

              /home/me/pics/file1.jpg        → remote:pics/file1.jpg
              /home/me/pics/subdir/file2.jpg → remote:pics/subdir/file2.jpg

       To  take  a  more  complicated  example, let’s say you had a few files you want to back up
       regularly with these absolute paths:

              /home/user1/important
              /home/user1/dir/file
              /home/user2/stuff

       To copy these you’d find a common subdirectory - in this case /home and put the  remaining
       files in files-from.txt with or without leading /, eg

              user1/important
              user1/dir/file
              user2/stuff

       You could then copy these to a remote like this

              rclone copy --files-from files-from.txt /home remote:backup

       The  3  files  will  arrive  in remote:backup with the paths as in the files-from.txt like
       this:

              /home/user1/important → remote:backup/user1/important
              /home/user1/dir/file  → remote:backup/user1/dir/file
              /home/user2/stuff     → remote:backup/user2/stuff

       You could of course choose / as the root too in which case your files-from.txt might  look
       like this.

              /home/user1/important
              /home/user1/dir/file
              /home/user2/stuff

       And you would transfer it like this

              rclone copy --files-from files-from.txt / remote:backup

       In this case there will be an extra home directory on the remote:

              /home/user1/important → remote:backup/home/user1/important
              /home/user1/dir/file  → remote:backup/home/user1/dir/file
              /home/user2/stuff     → remote:backup/home/user2/stuff

   --files-from-raw - Read list of source-file names without any processing
       This  option is same as --files-from with the only difference being that the input is read
       in a raw manner.  This  means  that  lines  with  leading/trailing  whitespace  and  lines
       starting    with    ;    or   #   are   read   without   any   processing.    rclone   lsf
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_lsf/) has a compatible format  that  can  be  used  to
       export file lists from remotes, which can then be used as an input to --files-from-raw.

   --min-size - Don’t transfer any file smaller than this
       This  option  controls  the minimum size file which will be transferred.  This defaults to
       kBytes but a suffix of k, M, or G can be used.

       For example --min-size 50k means no files smaller than 50kByte will be transferred.

   --max-size - Don’t transfer any file larger than this
       This option controls the maximum size file which will be transferred.   This  defaults  to
       kBytes but a suffix of k, M, or G can be used.

       For example --max-size 1G means no files larger than 1GByte will be transferred.

   --max-age - Don’t transfer any file older than this
       This  option  controls  the  maximum  age of files to transfer.  Give in seconds or with a
       suffix of:

       • ms - Milliseconds

       • s - Seconds

       • m - Minutes

       • h - Hours

       • d - Days

       • w - Weeks

       • M - Months

       • y - Years

       For example --max-age 2d means no files older than 2 days will be transferred.

       This can also be an absolute time in one of these formats

       • RFC3339 - eg “2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00”

       • ISO8601 Date and time, local timezone - “2006-01-02T15:04:05”

       • ISO8601 Date and time, local timezone - “2006-01-02 15:04:05”

       • ISO8601 Date - “2006-01-02” (YYYY-MM-DD)

   --min-age - Don’t transfer any file younger than this
       This option controls the minimum age of files to transfer.  Give  in  seconds  or  with  a
       suffix (see --max-age for list of suffixes)

       For example --min-age 2d means no files younger than 2 days will be transferred.

   --delete-excluded - Delete files on dest excluded from sync
       Important this flag is dangerous - use with --dry-run and -v first.

       When  doing rclone sync this will delete any files which are excluded from the sync on the
       destination.

       If for example you did a sync from A to B without the --min-size 50k flag

              rclone sync -i A: B:

       Then you repeated it like this with the --delete-excluded

              rclone --min-size 50k --delete-excluded sync A: B:

       This would delete all files on B which are less than 50 kBytes as these are  now  excluded
       from the sync.

       Always test first with --dry-run and -v before using this flag.

   --dump filters - dump the filters to the output
       This dumps the defined filters to the output as regular expressions.

       Useful for debugging.

   --ignore-case - make searches case insensitive
       Normally  filter  patterns  are  case  sensitive.   If  this  flag is supplied then filter
       patterns become case insensitive.

       Normally a --include "file.txt" will not match a file called FILE.txt.  However if you use
       the --ignore-case flag then --include "file.txt" this will match a file called FILE.txt.

   Quoting shell metacharacters
       The  examples  above may not work verbatim in your shell as they have shell metacharacters
       in them (eg *), and may require quoting.

       Eg linux, OSX

       • --include \*.jpg

       • --include '*.jpg'

       • --include='*.jpg'

       In Windows the expansion is done by the command not the shell so this should work fine

       • --include *.jpg

   Exclude directory based on a file
       It is possible to exclude a directory based on a file, which is present in this directory.
       Filename  should  be  specified  using  the  --exclude-if-present  flag.   This flag has a
       priority over the other filtering flags.

       Imagine, you have the following directory structure:

              dir1/file1
              dir1/dir2/file2
              dir1/dir2/dir3/file3
              dir1/dir2/dir3/.ignore

       You can exclude dir3 from sync by running the following command:

              rclone sync -i --exclude-if-present .ignore dir1 remote:backup

       Currently only one filename is supported, i.e. --exclude-if-present  should  not  be  used
       multiple times.

GUI (Experimental)

       Rclone  can  serve  a  web  based  GUI  (graphical  user  interface).   This  is  somewhat
       experimental at the moment so things may be subject to change.

       Run this command in a terminal and rclone will download and then display the GUI in a  web
       browser.

              rclone rcd --rc-web-gui

       This will produce logs like this and rclone needs to continue to run to serve the GUI:

              2019/08/25 11:40:14 NOTICE: A new release for gui is present at https://github.com/rclone/rclone-webui-react/releases/download/v0.0.6/currentbuild.zip
              2019/08/25 11:40:14 NOTICE: Downloading webgui binary. Please wait. [Size: 3813937, Path :  /home/USER/.cache/rclone/webgui/v0.0.6.zip]
              2019/08/25 11:40:16 NOTICE: Unzipping
              2019/08/25 11:40:16 NOTICE: Serving remote control on http://127.0.0.1:5572/

       This  assumes  you are running rclone locally on your machine.  It is possible to separate
       the rclone and the GUI - see below for details.

       If you wish to check for updates then you can add --rc-web-gui-update to the command line.

       If you find your GUI broken, you may force it to update by add --rc-web-gui-force-update.

       By default, rclone will open your browser.  Add  --rc-web-gui-no-open-browser  to  disable
       this feature.

   Using the GUI
       Once the GUI opens, you will be looking at the dashboard which has an overall overview.

       On the left hand side you will see a series of view buttons you can click on:

       • Dashboard - main overview

       • Configs - examine and create new configurations

       • Explorer - view, download and upload files to the cloud storage systems

       • Backend - view or alter the backend config

       • Log out

       (More docs and walkthrough video to come!)

   How it works
       When you run the rclone rcd --rc-web-gui this is what happens

       • Rclone starts but only runs the remote control API (“rc”).

       • The API is bound to localhost with an auto generated username and password.

       • If the API bundle is missing then rclone will download it.

       • rclone will start serving the files from the API bundle over the same port as the API

       • rclone will open the browser with a login_token so it can log straight in.

   Advanced use
       The   rclone   rcd   may   use   any   of   the   flags   documented   on   the   rc  page
       (https://rclone.org/rc/#supported-parameters).

       The flag --rc-web-gui is shorthand for

       • Download the web GUI if necessary

       • Check we are using some authentication

       • --rc-user gui

       • --rc-pass <random password>

       • --rc-serve

       These flags can be overridden as desired.

       See also the rclone rcd documentation (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_rcd/).

   Example: Running a public GUI
       For example the GUI could be served on a public port over SSL using an htpasswd file using
       the following flags:

       • --rc-web-gui

       • --rc-addr :443

       • --rc-htpasswd /path/to/htpasswd

       • --rc-cert /path/to/ssl.crt

       • --rc-key /path/to/ssl.key

   Example: Running a GUI behind a proxy
       If you want to run the GUI behind a proxy at /rclone you could use these flags:

       • --rc-web-gui

       • --rc-baseurl rclone

       • --rc-htpasswd /path/to/htpasswd

       Or instead of htpasswd if you just want a single user and password:

       • --rc-user me

       • --rc-pass mypassword

   Project
       The    GUI    is    being   developed   in   the:   rclone/rclone-webui-react   repository
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone-webui-react).

       Bug reports and contributions are very welcome :-)

       If   you   have   questions   then   please    ask    them    on    the    rclone    forum
       (https://forum.rclone.org/).

Remote controlling rclone with its API

       If  rclone  is  run  with the --rc flag then it starts an http server which can be used to
       remote control rclone using its API.

       If  you   just   want   to   run   a   remote   control   then   see   the   rcd   command
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_rcd/).

   Supported parameters
   –rc
       Flag to start the http server listen on remote requests

   –rc-addr=IP
       IPaddress:Port or :Port to bind server to.  (default “localhost:5572”)

   –rc-cert=KEY
       SSL PEM key (concatenation of certificate and CA certificate)

   –rc-client-ca=PATH
       Client certificate authority to verify clients with

   –rc-htpasswd=PATH
       htpasswd file - if not provided no authentication is done

   –rc-key=PATH
       SSL PEM Private key

   –rc-max-header-bytes=VALUE
       Maximum size of request header (default 4096)

   –rc-user=VALUE
       User name for authentication.

   –rc-pass=VALUE
       Password for authentication.

   –rc-realm=VALUE
       Realm for authentication (default “rclone”)

   –rc-server-read-timeout=DURATION
       Timeout for server reading data (default 1h0m0s)

   –rc-server-write-timeout=DURATION
       Timeout for server writing data (default 1h0m0s)

   –rc-serve
       Enable  the  serving of remote objects via the HTTP interface.  This means objects will be
       accessible   at   http://127.0.0.1:5572/   by   default,   so   you    can    browse    to
       http://127.0.0.1:5572/  or  http://127.0.0.1:5572/*  to  see  a  listing  of  the remotes.
       Objects     may     be     requested     from     remotes      using      this      syntax
       http://127.0.0.1:5572/[remote:path]/path/to/object

       Default Off.

   –rc-files /path/to/directory
       Path to local files to serve on the HTTP server.

       If  this is set then rclone will serve the files in that directory.  It will also open the
       root in the web browser if specified.  This is for implementing  browser  based  GUIs  for
       rclone functions.

       If  --rc-user  or --rc-pass is set then the URL that is opened will have the authorization
       in the URL in the http://user:pass@localhost/ style.

       Default Off.

   –rc-enable-metrics
       Enable OpenMetrics/Prometheus compatible endpoint at /metrics.

       Default Off.

   –rc-web-gui
       Set this flag to serve the default web gui on the same port as rclone.

       Default Off.

   –rc-allow-origin
       Set the allowed Access-Control-Allow-Origin for rc requests.

       Can be used with –rc-web-gui if the rclone is running on different IP than the web-gui.

       Default is IP address on which rc is running.

   –rc-web-fetch-url
       Set the URL to fetch the rclone-web-gui files from.

       Default https://api.github.com/repos/rclone/rclone-webui-react/releases/latest.

   –rc-web-gui-update
       Set this flag to check and update rclone-webui-react from the rc-web-fetch-url.

       Default Off.

   –rc-web-gui-force-update
       Set this flag to force update rclone-webui-react from the rc-web-fetch-url.

       Default Off.

   –rc-web-gui-no-open-browser
       Set this flag to disable opening browser automatically when using web-gui.

       Default Off.

   –rc-job-expire-duration=DURATION
       Expire finished async jobs older than DURATION (default 60s).

   –rc-job-expire-interval=DURATION
       Interval duration to check for expired async jobs (default 10s).

   –rc-no-auth
       By default rclone will require authorisation to have been set up on the  rc  interface  in
       order to use any methods which access any rclone remotes.  Eg operations/list is denied as
       it involved creating a remote as is sync/copy.

       If this is set then no authorisation will be required on the server to use these  methods.
       The  alternative  is  to  use  --rc-user  and  --rc-pass  and use these credentials in the
       request.

       Default Off.

   Accessing the remote control via the rclone rc command
       Rclone itself implements the remote control protocol in its rclone rc command.

       You can use it like this

              $ rclone rc rc/noop param1=one param2=two
              {
                  "param1": "one",
                  "param2": "two"
              }

       Run rclone rc on its own to see the help for the installed remote control commands.

   JSON input
       rclone rc also supports a --json flag which can be used to  send  more  complicated  input
       parameters.

              $ rclone rc --json '{ "p1": [1,"2",null,4], "p2": { "a":1, "b":2 } }' rc/noop
              {
                  "p1": [
                      1,
                      "2",
                      null,
                      4
                  ],
                  "p2": {
                      "a": 1,
                      "b": 2
                  }
              }

       If  the  parameter being passed is an object then it can be passed as a JSON string rather
       than using the --json flag which simplifies the command line.

              rclone rc operations/list fs=/tmp remote=test opt='{"showHash": true}'

       Rather than

              rclone rc operations/list --json '{"fs": "/tmp", "remote": "test", "opt": {"showHash": true}}'

   Special parameters
       The rc interface supports some special parameters which  apply  to  all  commands.   These
       start with _ to show they are different.

   Running asynchronous jobs with _async = true
       Each  rc  call  is classified as a job and it is assigned its own id.  By default jobs are
       executed immediately as they are created or synchronously.

       If _async has a true value when supplied to an rc call then  it  will  return  immediately
       with a job id and the task will be run in the background.  The job/status call can be used
       to get information of the background job.  The job can be queried for up to 1 minute after
       it has finished.

       It  is recommended that potentially long running jobs, eg sync/sync, sync/copy, sync/move,
       operations/purge are run with the _async flag to avoid any  potential  problems  with  the
       HTTP request and response timing out.

       Starting a job with the _async flag:

              $ rclone rc --json '{ "p1": [1,"2",null,4], "p2": { "a":1, "b":2 }, "_async": true }' rc/noop
              {
                  "jobid": 2
              }

       Query  the  status to see if the job has finished.  For more information on the meaning of
       these return parameters see the job/status call.

              $ rclone rc --json '{ "jobid":2 }' job/status
              {
                  "duration": 0.000124163,
                  "endTime": "2018-10-27T11:38:07.911245881+01:00",
                  "error": "",
                  "finished": true,
                  "id": 2,
                  "output": {
                      "_async": true,
                      "p1": [
                          1,
                          "2",
                          null,
                          4
                      ],
                      "p2": {
                          "a": 1,
                          "b": 2
                      }
                  },
                  "startTime": "2018-10-27T11:38:07.911121728+01:00",
                  "success": true
              }

       job/list can be used to show the running or recently completed jobs

              $ rclone rc job/list
              {
                  "jobids": [
                      2
                  ]
              }

   Assigning operations to groups with _group = value
       Each rc call has its own stats group for tracking its metrics.   By  default  grouping  is
       done by the composite group name from prefix job/ and id of the job like so job/1.

       If  _group has a value then stats for that request will be grouped under that value.  This
       allows caller to group stats under their own name.

       Stats for specific group can be accessed by passing group to core/stats:

              $ rclone rc --json '{ "group": "job/1" }' core/stats
              {
                  "speed": 12345
                  ...
              }

   Supported commands
   backend/command: Runs a backend command.
       This takes the following parameters

       • command - a string with the command name

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • arg - a list of arguments for the backend command

       • opt - a map of string to string of options

       Returns

       • result - result from the backend command

       For example

              rclone rc backend/command command=noop fs=. -o echo=yes -o blue -a path1 -a path2

       Returns

              {
                  "result": {
                      "arg": [
                          "path1",
                          "path2"
                      ],
                      "name": "noop",
                      "opt": {
                          "blue": "",
                          "echo": "yes"
                      }
                  }
              }

       Note that this is the direct equivalent of using this “backend” command:

              rclone backend noop . -o echo=yes -o blue path1 path2

       Note that arguments must be preceded by the “-a” flag

       See   the   backend   (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_backend/)   command   for   more
       information.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   cache/expire: Purge a remote from cache
       Purge  a remote from the cache backend.  Supports either a directory or a file.  Params: -
       remote = path to remote (required) - withData = true/false to delete cached data  (chunks)
       as well (optional)

       Eg

              rclone rc cache/expire remote=path/to/sub/folder/
              rclone rc cache/expire remote=/ withData=true

   cache/fetch: Fetch file chunks
       Ensure the specified file chunks are cached on disk.

       The chunks= parameter specifies the file chunks to check.  It takes a comma separated list
       of array slice indices.  The slice indices are similar to Python slices: start[:end]

       start is the 0 based chunk number from the beginning of the file to fetch inclusive.   end
       is  0  based  chunk number from the beginning of the file to fetch exclusive.  Both values
       can be negative, in which case they count from the back of  the  file.   The  value  “-5:”
       represents the last 5 chunks of a file.

       Some  valid  examples  are: “:5,-5:” -> the first and last five chunks “0,-2” -> the first
       and the second last chunk “0:10” -> the first ten chunks

       Any parameter with a key that starts with “file” can be used to specify files to fetch, eg

              rclone rc cache/fetch chunks=0 file=hello file2=home/goodbye

       File names will automatically be encrypted when the a crypt remote is used on top  of  the
       cache.

   cache/stats: Get cache stats
       Show statistics for the cache remote.

   config/create: create the config for a remote.
       This takes the following parameters

       • name - name of remote

       • parameters - a map of { “key”: “value” } pairs

       • type - type of the new remote

       • obscure - optional bool - forces obscuring of passwords

       • noObscure - optional bool - forces passwords not to be obscured

       See  the config create command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_create/) command
       for more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   config/delete: Delete a remote in the config file.
       Parameters:

       • name - name of remote to delete

       See the config delete command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_delete/)  command
       for more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   config/dump: Dumps the config file.
       Returns a JSON object: - key: value

       Where keys are remote names and values are the config parameters.

       See  the config dump command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_dump/) command for
       more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   config/get: Get a remote in the config file.
       Parameters:

       • name - name of remote to get

       See the config dump command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_dump/) command  for
       more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   config/listremotes: Lists the remotes in the config file.
       Returns - remotes - array of remote names

       See  the listremotes command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_listremotes/) command for
       more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   config/password: password the config for a remote.
       This takes the following parameters

       • name - name of remote

       • parameters - a map of { “key”: “value” } pairs

       See  the  config  password  command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_password/)
       command for more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   config/providers: Shows how providers are configured in the config file.
       Returns a JSON object: - providers - array of objects

       See  the  config  providers command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_providers/)
       command for more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   config/update: update the config for a remote.
       This takes the following parameters

       • name - name of remote

       • parameters - a map of { “key”: “value” } pairs

       • obscure - optional bool - forces obscuring of passwords

       • noObscure - optional bool - forces passwords not to be obscured

       See the config update command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_update/)  command
       for more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   core/bwlimit: Set the bandwidth limit.
       This sets the bandwidth limit to that passed in.

       Eg

              rclone rc core/bwlimit rate=off
              {
                  "bytesPerSecond": -1,
                  "rate": "off"
              }
              rclone rc core/bwlimit rate=1M
              {
                  "bytesPerSecond": 1048576,
                  "rate": "1M"
              }

       If the rate parameter is not supplied then the bandwidth is queried

              rclone rc core/bwlimit
              {
                  "bytesPerSecond": 1048576,
                  "rate": "1M"
              }

       The  format  of  the  parameter  is exactly the same as passed to –bwlimit except only one
       bandwidth may be specified.

       In either case “rate” is returned as a human  readable  string,  and  “bytesPerSecond”  is
       returned as a number.

   core/command: Run a rclone terminal command over rc.
       This takes the following parameters

       • command - a string with the command name

       • arg - a list of arguments for the backend command

       • opt - a map of string to string of options

       Returns

       • result - result from the backend command

       • error - set if rclone exits with an error code

       • returnType    -    one    of    (“COMBINED_OUTPUT”,    “STREAM”,   “STREAM_ONLY_STDOUT”.
         “STREAM_ONLY_STDERR”)

       For example

              rclone rc core/command command=ls -a mydrive:/ -o max-depth=1
              rclone rc core/command -a ls -a mydrive:/ -o max-depth=1

       Returns

              {
                  "error": false,
                  "result": "<Raw command line output>"
              }

              OR
              {
                  "error": true,
                  "result": "<Raw command line output>"
              }

       Authentication is required for this call.

   core/gc: Runs a garbage collection.
       This tells the go runtime to do a garbage collection run.  It isn’t necessary to call this
       normally, but it can be useful for debugging memory problems.

   core/group-list: Returns list of stats.
       This returns list of stats groups currently in memory.

       Returns the following values:

              {
                  "groups":  an array of group names:
                      [
                          "group1",
                          "group2",
                          ...
                      ]
              }

   core/memstats: Returns the memory statistics
       This  returns  the  memory  statistics  of  the running program.  What the values mean are
       explained in the go docs: https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/#MemStats

       The most interesting values for most people are:

       • HeapAlloc: This is the amount of memory rclone is actually using

       • HeapSys: This is the amount of memory rclone has obtained from the OS

       • Sys: this is the total amount of memory requested from the OS

         • It is virtual memory so may include unused memory

   core/obscure: Obscures a string passed in.
       Pass a clear string and rclone will obscure it for the config file: - clear - string

       Returns - obscured - string

   core/pid: Return PID of current process
       This returns PID of current process.  Useful for stopping rclone process.

   core/quit: Terminates the app.
       (optional) Pass an exit code to be used for terminating the app: - exitCode - int

   core/stats: Returns stats about current transfers.
       This returns all available stats:

              rclone rc core/stats

       If group is not provided then summed up stats for all groups will be returned.

       Parameters

       • group - name of the stats group (string)

       Returns the following values:

              {
                  "speed": average speed in bytes/sec since start of the process,
                  "bytes": total transferred bytes since the start of the process,
                  "errors": number of errors,
                  "fatalError": whether there has been at least one FatalError,
                  "retryError": whether there has been at least one non-NoRetryError,
                  "checks": number of checked files,
                  "transfers": number of transferred files,
                  "deletes" : number of deleted files,
                  "renames" : number of renamed files,
                  "transferTime" : total time spent on running jobs,
                  "elapsedTime": time in seconds since the start of the process,
                  "lastError": last occurred error,
                  "transferring": an array of currently active file transfers:
                      [
                          {
                              "bytes": total transferred bytes for this file,
                              "eta": estimated time in seconds until file transfer completion
                              "name": name of the file,
                              "percentage": progress of the file transfer in percent,
                              "speed": average speed over the whole transfer in bytes/sec,
                              "speedAvg": current speed in bytes/sec as an exponentially weighted moving average,
                              "size": size of the file in bytes
                          }
                      ],
                  "checking": an array of names of currently active file checks
                      []
              }

       Values for “transferring”, “checking”  and  “lastError”  are  only  assigned  if  data  is
       available.  The value for “eta” is null if an eta cannot be determined.

   core/stats-delete: Delete stats group.
       This deletes entire stats group

       Parameters

       • group - name of the stats group (string)

   core/stats-reset: Reset stats.
       This  clears counters, errors and finished transfers for all stats or specific stats group
       if group is provided.

       Parameters

       • group - name of the stats group (string)

   core/transferred: Returns stats about completed transfers.
       This returns stats about completed transfers:

              rclone rc core/transferred

       If group is not provided then completed transfers for all groups will be returned.

       Note only the last 100 completed transfers are returned.

       Parameters

       • group - name of the stats group (string)

       Returns the following values:

              {
                  "transferred":  an array of completed transfers (including failed ones):
                      [
                          {
                              "name": name of the file,
                              "size": size of the file in bytes,
                              "bytes": total transferred bytes for this file,
                              "checked": if the transfer is only checked (skipped, deleted),
                              "timestamp": integer representing millisecond unix epoch,
                              "error": string description of the error (empty if successful),
                              "jobid": id of the job that this transfer belongs to
                          }
                      ]
              }

   core/version: Shows the current version of rclone and the go runtime.
       This shows the current version of go and the go runtime

       • version - rclone version, eg “v1.53.0”

       • decomposed - version number as [major, minor, patch]

       • isGit - boolean - true if this was compiled from the git version

       • isBeta - boolean - true if this is a beta version

       • os - OS in use as according to Go

       • arch - cpu architecture in use according to Go

       • goVersion - version of Go runtime in use

   debug/set-block-profile-rate: Set runtime.SetBlockProfileRate for blocking profiling.
       SetBlockProfileRate controls the fraction of goroutine blocking events that  are  reported
       in the blocking profile.  The profiler aims to sample an average of one blocking event per
       rate nanoseconds spent blocked.

       To include every blocking event in the profile, pass rate =  1.   To  turn  off  profiling
       entirely, pass rate <= 0.

       After calling this you can use this to see the blocking profile:

              go tool pprof http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/block

       Parameters

       • rate - int

   debug/set-mutex-profile-fraction: Set runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction for mutex profiling.
       SetMutexProfileFraction controls the fraction of mutex contention events that are reported
       in the mutex profile.  On average 1/rate  events  are  reported.   The  previous  rate  is
       returned.

       To  turn  off profiling entirely, pass rate 0.  To just read the current rate, pass rate <
       0.  (For n>1 the details of sampling may change.)

       Once this is set you can look use this to profile the mutex contention:

              go tool pprof http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/mutex

       Parameters

       • rate - int

       Results

       • previousRate - int

   job/list: Lists the IDs of the running jobs
       Parameters - None

       Results

       • jobids - array of integer job ids

   job/status: Reads the status of the job ID
       Parameters

       • jobid - id of the job (integer)

       Results

       • finished - boolean

       • duration - time in seconds that the job ran for

       • endTime - time the job finished (eg “2018-10-26T18:50:20.528746884+01:00”)

       • error - error from the job or empty string for no error

       • finished - boolean whether the job has finished or not

       • id - as passed in above

       • startTime - time the job started (eg “2018-10-26T18:50:20.528336039+01:00”)

       • success - boolean - true for success false otherwise

       • output - output of the job as would have been returned if called synchronously

       • progress - output of the progress related to the underlying job

   job/stop: Stop the running job
       Parameters

       • jobid - id of the job (integer)

   mount/listmounts: Show current mount points
       This shows currently mounted points, which can be used for performing an unmount

       This takes no parameters and returns

       • mountPoints: list of current mount points

       Eg

              rclone rc mount/listmounts

       Authentication is required for this call.

   mount/mount: Create a new mount point
       rclone allows Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Windows to mount any  of  Rclone’s  cloud  storage
       systems as a file system with FUSE.

       If no mountType is provided, the priority is given as follows: 1.  mount 2.cmount 3.mount2

       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote path to be mounted (required)

       • mountPoint: valid path on the local machine (required)

       • mountType:  One of the values (mount, cmount, mount2) specifies the mount implementation
         to use

       • mountOpt: a JSON object with Mount options in.

       • vfsOpt: a JSON object with VFS options in.

       Eg

              rclone rc mount/mount fs=mydrive: mountPoint=/home/<user>/mountPoint
              rclone rc mount/mount fs=mydrive: mountPoint=/home/<user>/mountPoint mountType=mount
              rclone rc mount/mount fs=TestDrive: mountPoint=/mnt/tmp vfsOpt='{"CacheMode": 2}' mountOpt='{"AllowOther": true}'

       The vfsOpt are as described in options/get and can be seen in the the “vfs”  section  when
       running and the mountOpt can be seen in the “mount” section.

              rclone rc options/get

       Authentication is required for this call.

   mount/types: Show all possible mount types
       This shows all possible mount types and returns them as a list.

       This takes no parameters and returns

       • mountTypes: list of mount types

       The  mount  types  are  strings  like  “mount”,  “mount2”,  “cmount”  and can be passed to
       mount/mount as the mountType parameter.

       Eg

              rclone rc mount/types

       Authentication is required for this call.

   mount/unmount: Unmount selected active mount
       rclone allows Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Windows to mount any  of  Rclone’s  cloud  storage
       systems as a file system with FUSE.

       This takes the following parameters

       • mountPoint: valid path on the local machine where the mount was created (required)

       Eg

              rclone rc mount/unmount mountPoint=/home/<user>/mountPoint

       Authentication is required for this call.

   mount/unmountall: Show current mount points
       This shows currently mounted points, which can be used for performing an unmount

       This takes no parameters and returns error if unmount does not succeed.

       Eg

              rclone rc mount/unmountall

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/about: Return the space used on the remote
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       The result is as returned from rclone about –json

       See   the   about  command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_size/)  command  for  more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/cleanup: Remove trashed files in the remote or path
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       See the cleanup command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_cleanup/)  command  for  more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/copyfile: Copy a file from source remote to destination remote
       This takes the following parameters

       • srcFs - a remote name string eg “drive:” for the source

       • srcRemote - a path within that remote eg “file.txt” for the source

       • dstFs - a remote name string eg “drive2:” for the destination

       • dstRemote - a path within that remote eg “file2.txt” for the destination

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/copyurl: Copy the URL to the object
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       • url - string, URL to read from

       • autoFilename  -  boolean, set to true to retrieve destination file name from url See the
         copyurl   command   (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copyurl/)   command   for   more
         information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/delete: Remove files in the path
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       See  the  delete  command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_delete/)  command  for more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/deletefile: Remove the single file pointed to
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       See the deletefile command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_deletefile/)  command  for
       more information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/fsinfo: Return information about the remote
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       This returns info about the remote passed in;

              {
                  // optional features and whether they are available or not
                  "Features": {
                      "About": true,
                      "BucketBased": false,
                      "CanHaveEmptyDirectories": true,
                      "CaseInsensitive": false,
                      "ChangeNotify": false,
                      "CleanUp": false,
                      "Copy": false,
                      "DirCacheFlush": false,
                      "DirMove": true,
                      "DuplicateFiles": false,
                      "GetTier": false,
                      "ListR": false,
                      "MergeDirs": false,
                      "Move": true,
                      "OpenWriterAt": true,
                      "PublicLink": false,
                      "Purge": true,
                      "PutStream": true,
                      "PutUnchecked": false,
                      "ReadMimeType": false,
                      "ServerSideAcrossConfigs": false,
                      "SetTier": false,
                      "SetWrapper": false,
                      "UnWrap": false,
                      "WrapFs": false,
                      "WriteMimeType": false
                  },
                  // Names of hashes available
                  "Hashes": [
                      "MD5",
                      "SHA-1",
                      "DropboxHash",
                      "QuickXorHash"
                  ],
                  "Name": "local",    // Name as created
                  "Precision": 1,     // Precision of timestamps in ns
                  "Root": "/",        // Path as created
                  "String": "Local file system at /" // how the remote will appear in logs
              }

       This command does not have a command line equivalent so use this instead:

              rclone rc --loopback operations/fsinfo fs=remote:

   operations/list: List the given remote and path in JSON format
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       • opt - a dictionary of options to control the listing (optional)

         • recurse - If set recurse directories

         • noModTime - If set return modification time

         • showEncrypted - If set show decrypted names

         • showOrigIDs - If set show the IDs for each item if known

         • showHash - If set return a dictionary of hashes

       The result is

       • list

         • This is an array of objects as described in the lsjson command

       See  the  lsjson command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_lsjson/) for more information
       on the above and examples.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/mkdir: Make a destination directory or container
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       See  the  mkdir  command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mkdir/)  command  for   more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/movefile: Move a file from source remote to destination remote
       This takes the following parameters

       • srcFs - a remote name string eg “drive:” for the source

       • srcRemote - a path within that remote eg “file.txt” for the source

       • dstFs - a remote name string eg “drive2:” for the destination

       • dstRemote - a path within that remote eg “file2.txt” for the destination

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/publiclink: Create or retrieve a public link to the given file or folder.
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       • unlink - boolean - if set removes the link rather than adding it (optional)

       • expire - string - the expiry time of the link eg “1d” (optional)

       Returns

       • url - URL of the resource

       See   the   link   command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_link/)  command  for  more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/purge: Remove a directory or container and all of its contents
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       See  the  purge  command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_purge/)  command  for   more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/rmdir: Remove an empty directory or container
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       See   the  rmdir  command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_rmdir/)  command  for  more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/rmdirs: Remove all the empty directories in the path
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       • leaveRoot - boolean, set to true not to delete the root

       See the  rmdirs  command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_rmdirs/)  command  for  more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/size: Count the number of bytes and files in remote
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:path/to/dir”

       Returns

       • count - number of files

       • bytes - number of bytes in those files

       See   the   size   command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_size/)  command  for  more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   operations/uploadfile: Upload file using multiform/form-data
       This takes the following parameters

       • fs - a remote name string eg “drive:”

       • remote - a path within that remote eg “dir”

       • each part in  body  represents  a  file  to  be  uploaded  See  the  uploadfile  command
         (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_uploadfile/)  command  for  more  information on the
         above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   options/blocks: List all the option blocks
       Returns - options - a list of the options block names

   options/get: Get all the options
       Returns an object where keys are option block names and values  are  an  object  with  the
       current option values in.

       This shows the internal names of the option within rclone which should map to the external
       options very easily with a few exceptions.

   options/set: Set an option
       Parameters

       • option block name containing an object with

         • key: value

       Repeated as often as required.

       Only supply the options you wish to change.  If an option is unknown it will  be  silently
       ignored.  Not all options will have an effect when changed like this.

       For example:

       This sets DEBUG level logs (-vv)

              rclone rc options/set --json '{"main": {"LogLevel": 8}}'

       And this sets INFO level logs (-v)

              rclone rc options/set --json '{"main": {"LogLevel": 7}}'

       And this sets NOTICE level logs (normal without -v)

              rclone rc options/set --json '{"main": {"LogLevel": 6}}'

   pluginsctl/addPlugin: Add a plugin using url
       used for adding a plugin to the webgui

       This takes the following parameters

       • url:    http    url    of    the    github    repo    where   the   plugin   is   hosted
         (http://github.com/rclone/rclone-webui-react)

       Eg

       rclone rc pluginsctl/addPlugin

       Authentication is required for this call.

   pluginsctl/getPluginsForType: Get plugins with type criteria
       This shows all possible plugins by a mime type

       This takes the following parameters

       • type: supported mime type by a loaded plugin eg (video/mp4, audio/mp3)

       • pluginType: filter plugins based on their type eg (DASHBOARD, FILE_HANDLER, TERMINAL)

       and returns

       • loadedPlugins: list of current production plugins

       • testPlugins: list of temporarily  loaded  development  plugins,  usually  running  on  a
         different server.

       Eg

       rclone rc pluginsctl/getPluginsForType type=video/mp4

       Authentication is required for this call.

   pluginsctl/listPlugins: Get the list of currently loaded plugins
       This allows you to get the currently enabled plugins and their details.

       This takes no parameters and returns

       • loadedPlugins: list of current production plugins

       • testPlugins:  list  of  temporarily  loaded  development  plugins,  usually running on a
         different server.

       Eg

       rclone rc pluginsctl/listPlugins

       Authentication is required for this call.

   pluginsctl/listTestPlugins: Show currently loaded test plugins
       allows listing of test plugins with the rclone.test set to true  in  package.json  of  the
       plugin

       This takes no parameters and returns

       • loadedTestPlugins: list of currently available test plugins

       Eg

              rclone rc pluginsctl/listTestPlugins

       Authentication is required for this call.

   pluginsctl/removePlugin: Remove a loaded plugin
       This allows you to remove a plugin using it’s name

       This takes parameters

       • name: name of the plugin in the format author/plugin_name

       Eg

       rclone rc pluginsctl/removePlugin name=rclone/video-plugin

       Authentication is required for this call.

   pluginsctl/removeTestPlugin: Remove a test plugin
       This allows you to remove a plugin using it’s name

       This takes the following parameters

       • name: name of the plugin in the format author/plugin_name

       Eg

              rclone rc pluginsctl/removeTestPlugin name=rclone/rclone-webui-react

       Authentication is required for this call.

   rc/error: This returns an error
       This  returns  an  error  with  the input as part of its error string.  Useful for testing
       error handling.

   rc/list: List all the registered remote control commands
       This lists all the registered remote control commands  as  a  JSON  map  in  the  commands
       response.

   rc/noop: Echo the input to the output parameters
       This echoes the input parameters to the output parameters for testing purposes.  It can be
       used to check that rclone is still alive and to check that parameter  passing  is  working
       properly.

   rc/noopauth: Echo the input to the output parameters requiring auth
       This echoes the input parameters to the output parameters for testing purposes.  It can be
       used to check that rclone is still alive and to check that parameter  passing  is  working
       properly.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   sync/copy: copy a directory from source remote to destination remote
       This takes the following parameters

       • srcFs - a remote name string eg “drive:src” for the source

       • dstFs - a remote name string eg “drive:dst” for the destination

       See   the   copy   command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copy/)  command  for  more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   sync/move: move a directory from source remote to destination remote
       This takes the following parameters

       • srcFs - a remote name string eg “drive:src” for the source

       • dstFs - a remote name string eg “drive:dst” for the destination

       • deleteEmptySrcDirs - delete empty src directories if set

       See  the  move  command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_move/)   command   for   more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   sync/sync: sync a directory from source remote to destination remote
       This takes the following parameters

       • srcFs - a remote name string eg “drive:src” for the source

       • dstFs - a remote name string eg “drive:dst” for the destination

       See   the   sync   command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/)  command  for  more
       information on the above.

       Authentication is required for this call.

   vfs/forget: Forget files or directories in the directory cache.
       This forgets the paths in the directory cache causing them to be re-read from  the  remote
       when needed.

       If no paths are passed in then it will forget all the paths in the directory cache.

              rclone rc vfs/forget

       Otherwise pass files or dirs in as file=path or dir=path.  Any parameter key starting with
       file will forget that file and any starting with dir will forget that dir, eg

              rclone rc vfs/forget file=hello file2=goodbye dir=home/junk

       This command takes an “fs” parameter.  If this parameter is not supplied and if  there  is
       only one VFS in use then that VFS will be used.  If there is more than one VFS in use then
       the “fs” parameter must be supplied.

   vfs/list: List active VFSes.
       This lists the active VFSes.

       It returns a list under the key “vfses” where the values are the VFS names that  could  be
       passed to the other VFS commands in the “fs” parameter.

   vfs/poll-interval: Get the status or update the value of the poll-interval option.
       Without any parameter given this returns the current status of the poll-interval setting.

       When  the  interval=duration  parameter is set, the poll-interval value is updated and the
       polling function is notified.  Setting interval=0 disables poll-interval.

              rclone rc vfs/poll-interval interval=5m

       The timeout=duration parameter can be used to specify a time to wait for the current  poll
       function  to  apply  the  new value.  If timeout is less or equal 0, which is the default,
       wait indefinitely.

       The new poll-interval value will only be active when the timeout is not reached.

       If poll-interval is updated or disabled temporarily, some changes might not get picked  up
       by the polling function, depending on the used remote.

       This  command  takes an “fs” parameter.  If this parameter is not supplied and if there is
       only one VFS in use then that VFS will be used.  If there is more than one VFS in use then
       the “fs” parameter must be supplied.

   vfs/refresh: Refresh the directory cache.
       This reads the directories for the specified paths and freshens the directory cache.

       If no paths are passed in then it will refresh the root directory.

              rclone rc vfs/refresh

       Otherwise  pass  directories  in  as  dir=path.   Any parameter key starting with dir will
       refresh that directory, eg

              rclone rc vfs/refresh dir=home/junk dir2=data/misc

       If the parameter recursive=true is given the whole  directory  tree  will  get  refreshed.
       This refresh will use –fast-list if enabled.

       This  command  takes an “fs” parameter.  If this parameter is not supplied and if there is
       only one VFS in use then that VFS will be used.  If there is more than one VFS in use then
       the “fs” parameter must be supplied.

   Accessing the remote control via HTTP
       Rclone implements a simple HTTP based protocol.

       Each  endpoint  takes  an  JSON  object  and  returns a JSON object or an error.  The JSON
       objects are essentially a map of string names to values.

       All calls must made using POST.

       The input objects can be supplied using URL parameters, POST parameters  or  by  supplying
       “Content-Type: application/json” and a JSON blob in the body.  There are examples of these
       below using curl.

       The response will be a JSON blob in the body of the response.  This  is  formatted  to  be
       reasonably human readable.

   Error returns
       If  an  error  occurs then there will be an HTTP error status (eg 500) and the body of the
       response will contain a JSON encoded error object, eg

              {
                  "error": "Expecting string value for key \"remote\" (was float64)",
                  "input": {
                      "fs": "/tmp",
                      "remote": 3
                  },
                  "status": 400
                  "path": "operations/rmdir",
              }

       The keys in the error response are - error - error string - input - the  input  parameters
       to the call - status - the HTTP status code - path - the path of the call

   CORS
       The  sever implements basic CORS support and allows all origins for that.  The response to
       a preflight OPTIONS request will echo the requested “Access-Control-Request-Headers” back.

   Using POST with URL parameters only
              curl -X POST 'http://localhost:5572/rc/noop?potato=1&sausage=2'

       Response

              {
                  "potato": "1",
                  "sausage": "2"
              }

       Here is what an error response looks like:

              curl -X POST 'http://localhost:5572/rc/error?potato=1&sausage=2'

              {
                  "error": "arbitrary error on input map[potato:1 sausage:2]",
                  "input": {
                      "potato": "1",
                      "sausage": "2"
                  }
              }

       Note that curl doesn’t return errors to the shell unless you use the -f option

              $ curl -f -X POST 'http://localhost:5572/rc/error?potato=1&sausage=2'
              curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 400 Bad Request
              $ echo $?
              22

   Using POST with a form
              curl --data "potato=1" --data "sausage=2" http://localhost:5572/rc/noop

       Response

              {
                  "potato": "1",
                  "sausage": "2"
              }

       Note that you can combine these with URL parameters too with the  POST  parameters  taking
       precedence.

              curl --data "potato=1" --data "sausage=2" "http://localhost:5572/rc/noop?rutabaga=3&sausage=4"

       Response

              {
                  "potato": "1",
                  "rutabaga": "3",
                  "sausage": "4"
              }

   Using POST with a JSON blob
              curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"potato":2,"sausage":1}' http://localhost:5572/rc/noop

       response

              {
                  "password": "xyz",
                  "username": "xyz"
              }

       This can be combined with URL parameters too if required.  The JSON blob takes precedence.

              curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"potato":2,"sausage":1}' 'http://localhost:5572/rc/noop?rutabaga=3&potato=4'

              {
                  "potato": 2,
                  "rutabaga": "3",
                  "sausage": 1
              }

   Debugging rclone with pprof
       If  you  use  the --rc flag this will also enable the use of the go profiling tools on the
       same port.

       To use these, first install go (https://golang.org/doc/install).

   Debugging memory use
       To profile rclone’s memory use you can run:

              go tool pprof -web http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/heap

       This should open a page in your browser showing what is using what memory.

       You can also use the -text flag to produce a textual summary

              $ go tool pprof -text http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/heap
              Showing nodes accounting for 1537.03kB, 100% of 1537.03kB total
                    flat  flat%   sum%        cum   cum%
               1024.03kB 66.62% 66.62%  1024.03kB 66.62%  github.com/rclone/rclone/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack.addDecoderNode
                   513kB 33.38%   100%      513kB 33.38%  net/http.newBufioWriterSize
                       0     0%   100%  1024.03kB 66.62%  github.com/rclone/rclone/cmd/all.init
                       0     0%   100%  1024.03kB 66.62%  github.com/rclone/rclone/cmd/serve.init
                       0     0%   100%  1024.03kB 66.62%  github.com/rclone/rclone/cmd/serve/restic.init
                       0     0%   100%  1024.03kB 66.62%  github.com/rclone/rclone/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2.init
                       0     0%   100%  1024.03kB 66.62%  github.com/rclone/rclone/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack.init
                       0     0%   100%  1024.03kB 66.62%  github.com/rclone/rclone/vendor/golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack.init.0
                       0     0%   100%  1024.03kB 66.62%  main.init
                       0     0%   100%      513kB 33.38%  net/http.(*conn).readRequest
                       0     0%   100%      513kB 33.38%  net/http.(*conn).serve
                       0     0%   100%  1024.03kB 66.62%  runtime.main

   Debugging go routine leaks
       Memory leaks are most often caused by go routine leaks keeping memory alive  which  should
       have been garbage collected.

       See all active go routines using

              curl http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=1

       Or go to http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=1 in your browser.

   Other profiles to look at
       You can see a summary of profiles available at http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/

       Here is how to use some of them:

       • Memory: go tool pprof http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/heap

       • Go routines: curl http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=1

       • 30-second CPU profile: go tool pprof http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/profile

       • 5-second execution trace: wget http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/trace?seconds=5

       • Goroutine blocking profile

         • Enable first with: rclone rc debug/set-block-profile-rate rate=1 (docs)

         • go tool pprof http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/block

       • Contended mutexes:

         • Enable first with: rclone rc debug/set-mutex-profile-fraction rate=1 (docs)

         • go tool pprof http://localhost:5572/debug/pprof/mutex

       See  the net/http/pprof docs (https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/pprof/) for more info on how
       to use the profiling and for a general overview see the Go team’s blog post  on  profiling
       go programs (https://blog.golang.org/profiling-go-programs).

       The      profiling     hook     is     zero     overhead     unless     it     is     used
       (https://stackoverflow.com/q/26545159/164234).

Overview of cloud storage systems

       Each cloud storage system is slightly different.  Rclone attempts  to  provide  a  unified
       interface to them, but some underlying differences show through.

   Features
       Here is an overview of the major features of each cloud storage system.

       Name                 Hash       ModTime   Case          Duplicate   MIME Type
                                                 Insensitive   Files
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       1Fichier          Whirlpool       No          No           Yes          R
       Amazon Drive         MD5          No          Yes          No           R
       Amazon S3            MD5          Yes         No           No          R/W
       Backblaze B2         SHA1         Yes         No           No          R/W
       Box                  SHA1         Yes         Yes          No           -
       Citrix               MD5          Yes         Yes          No           -
       ShareFile
       Dropbox            DBHASH †       Yes         Yes          No           -
       FTP                   -           No          No           No           -
       Google   Cloud       MD5          Yes         No           No          R/W
       Storage
       Google Drive         MD5          Yes         No           Yes         R/W
       Google Photos         -           No          No           Yes          R
       HTTP                  -           No          No           No           R
       Hubic                MD5          Yes         No           No          R/W
       Jottacloud           MD5          Yes         Yes          No          R/W
       Koofr                MD5          No          Yes          No           -
       Mail.ru Cloud     Mailru ‡‡‡      Yes         Yes          No           -
       Mega                  -           No          No           Yes          -
       Memory               MD5          Yes         No           No           -
       Microsoft            MD5          Yes         No           No          R/W
       Azure     Blob
       Storage
       Microsoft          SHA1 ‡‡        Yes         Yes          No           R
       OneDrive
       OpenDrive            MD5          Yes         Yes       Partial *       -
       OpenStack            MD5          Yes         No           No          R/W
       Swift
       pCloud            MD5, SHA1       Yes         No           No           W
       premiumize.me         -           No          Yes          No           R
       put.io              CRC-32        Yes         No           Yes          R
       QingStor             MD5          No          No           No          R/W
       Seafile               -           No          No           No           -
       SFTP             MD5, SHA1 ‡      Yes       Depends        No           -
       SugarSync             -           No          No           No           -
       Tardigrade            -           Yes         No           No           -
       WebDAV           MD5, SHA1 ††   Yes †††     Depends        No           -
       Yandex Disk          MD5          Yes         No           No          R/W
       The      local       All          Yes       Depends        No           -
       filesystem

   Hash
       The cloud storage system supports various hash types of the objects.  The hashes are  used
       when  transferring  data  as  an  integrity  check  and  can be specifically used with the
       --checksum flag in syncs and in the check command.

       To use the verify checksums when transferring between  cloud  storage  systems  they  must
       support a common hash type.

       †       Note       that      Dropbox      supports      its      own      custom      hash
       (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-hash).  This is an SHA256 sum of all
       the 4MB block SHA256s.

       ‡ SFTP supports checksums if the same login has shell access and md5sum or sha1sum as well
       as echo are in the remote’s PATH.

       †† WebDAV supports hashes when used with Owncloud and Nextcloud only.

       ††† WebDAV supports modtimes when used with Owncloud and Nextcloud only.

       ‡‡ Microsoft OneDrive Personal supports SHA1 hashes, whereas  OneDrive  for  business  and
       SharePoint  server  support  Microsoft’s  own QuickXorHash (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
       us/onedrive/developer/code-snippets/quickxorhash).

       ‡‡‡ Mail.ru uses its own modified SHA1 hash

   ModTime
       The cloud storage system supports setting modification times on objects.  If it does  then
       this  enables  a  using  the modification times as part of the sync.  If not then only the
       size will be checked by default, though the MD5SUM can  be  checked  with  the  --checksum
       flag.

       All  cloud  storage  systems support some kind of date on the object and these will be set
       when transferring from the cloud storage system.

   Case Insensitive
       If a cloud storage systems is case sensitive then it is possible to have two  files  which
       differ  only  in  case,  eg  file.txt  and  FILE.txt.   If  a cloud storage system is case
       insensitive then that isn’t possible.

       This can cause problems when  syncing  between  a  case  insensitive  system  and  a  case
       sensitive  system.   The symptom of this is that no matter how many times you run the sync
       it never completes fully.

       The local filesystem and SFTP may or may not be case sensitive depending on OS.

       • Windows - usually case insensitive, though case is preserved

       • OSX - usually case insensitive, though it is possible to format case sensitive

       • Linux - usually case sensitive, but there are case  insensitive  file  systems  (eg  FAT
         formatted USB keys)

       Most  of the time this doesn’t cause any problems as people tend to avoid files whose name
       differs only by case even on case sensitive systems.

   Duplicate files
       If a cloud storage system allows duplicate files then it can have  two  objects  with  the
       same name.

       This  confuses  rclone  greatly  when syncing - use the rclone dedupe command to rename or
       remove duplicates.

       * Opendrive does not support creation of duplicate files using their web client  interface
       or  other  stock clients, but the underlying storage platform has been determined to allow
       duplicate files, and it is possible to create them with rclone.  It may be that this is  a
       mistake or an unsupported feature.

   Restricted filenames
       Some  cloud  storage  systems might have restrictions on the characters that are usable in
       file or directory names.  When rclone detects such a name during a file  upload,  it  will
       transparently replace the restricted characters with similar looking Unicode characters.

       This  process  is  designed to avoid ambiguous file names as much as possible and allow to
       move files between many cloud storage systems transparently.

       The name shown by rclone to the user or during log output will only contain a minimal  set
       of  replaced  characters  to ensure correct formatting and not necessarily the actual name
       used on the cloud storage.

       This transformation is reversed when downloading a file or parsing rclone arguments.   For
       example,  when  uploading  a  file  named my file?.txt to Onedrive will be displayed as my
       file?.txt on the console, but stored as my file?.txt (the ? gets replaced by the  similar
       looking  ?  character)  to  Onedrive.   The  reverse  transformation  allows  to  read  a
       fileunusual/name.txt from Google Drive, by passing the name unusual/name.txt (the / needs
       to be replaced by the similar looking / character) on the command line.

   Default restricted characters
       The table below shows the characters that are replaced by default.

       When  a  replacement character is found in a filename, this character will be escaped with
       the ‛ character to avoid ambiguous file names.  (e.g. a file named ␀.txt  would  shown  as
       ‛␀.txt)

       Each  cloud storage backend can use a different set of characters, which will be specified
       in the documentation for each backend.

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       SOH         0x01         ␁
       STX         0x02         ␂
       ETX         0x03         ␃
       EOT         0x04         ␄
       ENQ         0x05         ␅
       ACK         0x06         ␆

       BEL         0x07         ␇
       BS          0x08         ␈
       HT          0x09         ␉
       LF          0x0A         ␊
       VT          0x0B         ␋
       FF          0x0C         ␌
       CR          0x0D         ␍
       SO          0x0E         ␎
       SI          0x0F         ␏
       DLE         0x10         ␐
       DC1         0x11         ␑
       DC2         0x12         ␒
       DC3         0x13         ␓
       DC4         0x14         ␔
       NAK         0x15         ␕
       SYN         0x16         ␖
       ETB         0x17         ␗
       CAN         0x18         ␘
       EM          0x19         ␙
       SUB         0x1A         ␚
       ESC         0x1B         ␛
       FS          0x1C         ␜
       GS          0x1D         ␝
       RS          0x1E         ␞
       US          0x1F         ␟
       /           0x2F        /
       DEL         0x7F         ␡

       The default encoding will also encode these file names as they are problematic  with  many
       cloud storage systems.

       File name   Replacement
       ────────────────────────
       .               .
       ..             ..

   Invalid UTF-8 bytes
       Some  backends  only  support  a  sequence of well formed UTF-8 bytes as file or directory
       names.

       In this case all invalid UTF-8 bytes will be replaced with a quoted representation of  the
       byte  value  to  allow  uploading a file to such a backend.  For example, the invalid byte
       0xFE will be encoded as ‛FE.

       A common source of invalid UTF-8 bytes are  local  filesystems,  that  store  names  in  a
       different   encoding  than  UTF-8  or  UTF-16,  like  latin1.   See  the  local  filenames
       (https://rclone.org/local/#filenames) section for details.

   Encoding option
       Most backends have an encoding options,  specified  as  a  flag  --backend-encoding  where
       backend  is  the  name  of  the backend, or as a config parameter encoding (you’ll need to
       select the Advanced config in rclone config to see it).

       This will have default value which encodes and decodes characters in  such  a  way  as  to
       preserve the maximum number of characters (see above).

       However  this  can  be incorrect in some scenarios, for example if you have a Windows file
       system with characters such as * and ? that you want to remain as  those  characters  on
       the remote rather than being translated to * and ?.

       The  --backend-encoding  flags  allow  you  to  change that.  You can disable the encoding
       completely with --backend-encoding None or set encoding = None in the config file.

       Encoding takes a comma separated list of encodings.  You can see the list of all available
       characters by passing an invalid value to this flag, eg --local-encoding "help" and rclone
       help flags encoding will show you the defaults for the backends.

       Encoding        Characters
       ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
       Asterisk        *
       BackQuote       `
       BackSlash       \
       Colon           :
       CrLf            CR 0x0D, LF 0x0A
       Ctl             All control characters 0x00-0x1F
       Del             DEL 0x7F
       Dollar          $
       Dot             .
       DoubleQuote     "
       Hash            #
       InvalidUtf8     An invalid UTF-8  character  (eg
                       latin1)
       LeftCrLfHtVt    CR  0x0D,  LF  0x0A,HT  0x09, VT
                       0x0B on the left of a string
       LeftPeriod      . on the left of a string
       LeftSpace       SPACE on the left of a string
       LeftTilde       ~ on the left of a string
       LtGt            <, >
       None            No characters are encoded
       Percent         %
       Pipe            |
       Question        ?
       RightCrLfHtVt   CR 0x0D, LF 0x0A,  HT  0x09,  VT
                       0x0B on the right of a string
       RightPeriod     . on the right of a string
       RightSpace      SPACE on the right of a string
       SingleQuote     '
       Slash           /

       To take a specific example, the FTP backend’s default encoding is

              --ftp-encoding "Slash,Del,Ctl,RightSpace,Dot"

       However,  let’s say the FTP server is running on Windows and can’t have any of the invalid
       Windows characters in file names.  You are backing up Linux servers  to  this  FTP  server
       which do have those characters in file names.  So you would add the Windows set which are

              Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,BackSlash,Ctl,RightSpace,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8,Dot

       to the existing ones, giving:

              Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,BackSlash,Ctl,RightSpace,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8,Dot,Del,RightSpace

       This  can be specified using the --ftp-encoding flag or using an encoding parameter in the
       config file.

       Or let’s say you have a Windows server but you want to preserve * and ?, you would  then
       have this as the encoding (the Windows encoding minus Asterisk and Question).

              Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Pipe,BackSlash,Ctl,RightSpace,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8,Dot

       This  can  be  specified using the --local-encoding flag or using an encoding parameter in
       the config file.

   MIME Type
       MIME types (also known as media types) classify types of documents  using  a  simple  text
       classification, eg text/html or application/pdf.

       Some  cloud  storage systems support reading (R) the MIME type of objects and some support
       writing (W) the MIME type of objects.

       The MIME type can be important if you are serving files directly to HTTP from the  storage
       system.

       If  you  are  copying  from a remote which supports reading (R) to a remote which supports
       writing (W) then rclone will preserve the MIME types.  Otherwise they will be guessed from
       the extension, or the remote itself may assign the MIME type.

   Optional Features
       All  the  remotes  support  a  basic set of features, but there are some optional features
       supported by some remotes used to make some operations more efficient.

       Name            Purge   Copy   Move   DirMove                      CleanUp                      ListR   StreamUpload                    LinkSharing                     About   EmptyDir
       ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       1Fichier         No      No     No      No                           No                          No          No                              No                          No       Yes
       Amazon           Yes     No    Yes      Yes     No  #575                                         No          No        No    #2178                                       No       Yes
       Drive                                           (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/575)                          (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Amazon           No     Yes     No      No                           Yes                         Yes        Yes        No                                       #2178    No        No
       S3                                                                                                                     (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Backblaze        No     Yes     No      No                           Yes                         Yes        Yes                             Yes                          No        No
       B2
       Box              Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                        Yes ‡‡                        No         Yes                             Yes                          No       Yes
       Citrix           Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          No                          No         Yes                              No                          No       Yes
       ShareFile
       Dropbox          Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes     No                                       #575    No         Yes                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
                                                       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/575)
       FTP              No      No    Yes      Yes                          No                          No         Yes        No                                       #2178    No       Yes
                                                                                                                              (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Google           Yes    Yes     No      No                           No                          Yes        Yes        No                                       #2178    No        No
       Cloud                                                                                                                  (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Storage
       Google           Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         Yes        Yes                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
       Drive
       Google           No      No     No      No                           No                          No          No                              No                          No        No
       Photos
       HTTP             No      No     No      No                           No                          No          No        No                                       #2178    No       Yes
                                                                                                                              (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Hubic           Yes †   Yes     No      No                           No                          Yes        Yes        No                                       #2178    Yes       No
                                                                                                                              (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Jottacloud       Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         Yes         No                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
       Mail.ru          Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         No          No                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
       Cloud
       Mega             Yes     No    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         No          No        No                                       #2178    Yes      Yes
                                                                                                                              (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Memory           No     Yes     No      No                           No                          Yes        Yes                              No                          No        No
       Microsoft        Yes    Yes     No      No                           No                          Yes        Yes        No                                       #2178    No        No
       Azure Blob                                                                                                             (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Storage
       Microsoft        Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         No          No                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
       OneDrive
       OpenDrive        Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          No                          No          No                              No                          No       Yes
       OpenStack       Yes †   Yes     No      No                           No                          Yes        Yes        No                                       #2178    Yes       No
       Swift                                                                                                                  (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       pCloud           Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         No          No                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
       premiumize.me    Yes     No    Yes      Yes                          No                          No          No                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
       put.io           Yes     No    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         No         Yes        No                                       #2178    Yes      Yes
                                                                                                                              (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       QingStor         No     Yes     No      No                           Yes                         Yes         No        No                                       #2178    No        No
                                                                                                                              (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Seafile          Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         Yes        Yes                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
       SFTP             No      No    Yes      Yes                          No                          No         Yes        No                                       #2178    Yes      Yes
                                                                                                                              (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       SugarSync        Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          No                          No         Yes                             Yes                          No       Yes
       Tardigrade      Yes †    No     No      No                           No                          Yes        Yes                              No                          No        No
       WebDAV           Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          No                          No        Yes ‡       No                                       #2178    Yes      Yes
                                                                                                                              (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2178)
       Yandex Disk      Yes    Yes    Yes      Yes                          Yes                         No         Yes                             Yes                          Yes      Yes
       The     local    Yes     No    Yes      Yes                          No                          No         Yes                              No                          Yes      Yes
       filesystem

   Purge
       This deletes a directory quicker than just deleting all the files in the directory.

       †  Note  Swift,  Hubic, and Tardigrade implement this in order to delete directory markers
       but they don’t actually have a quicker way of deleting  files  other  than  deleting  them
       individually.

       ‡ StreamUpload is not supported with Nextcloud

   Copy
       Used when copying an object to and from the same remote.  This known as a server side copy
       so you can copy a file without downloading it and uploading it again.  It is used  if  you
       use rclone copy or rclone move if the remote doesn’t support Move directly.

       If  the  server  doesn’t  support  Copy  directly  then  for  copy  operations the file is
       downloaded then re-uploaded.

   Move
       Used when moving/renaming an object on the same remote.  This is known as  a  server  side
       move of a file.  This is used in rclone move if the server doesn’t support DirMove.

       If  the  server  isn’t capable of Move then rclone simulates it with Copy then delete.  If
       the server doesn’t support Copy then rclone will download the file and re-upload it.

   DirMove
       This is used to implement rclone move to move a directory if possible.  If it  isn’t  then
       it  will  use  Move  on each file (which falls back to Copy then download and upload - see
       Move section).

   CleanUp
       This is used for emptying the trash for a remote by rclone cleanup.

       If the server can’t do CleanUp then rclone cleanup will return an error.

       ‡‡ Note that while Box implements this it has to delete every file idividually so it  will
       be slower than emptying the trash via the WebUI

   ListR
       The remote supports a recursive list to list all the contents beneath a directory quickly.
       This   enables   the   --fast-list    flag    to    work.     See    the    rclone    docs
       (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list) for more details.

   StreamUpload
       Some  remotes  allow  files to be uploaded without knowing the file size in advance.  This
       allows certain operations  to  work  without  spooling  the  file  to  local  disk  first,
       e.g. rclone rcat.

   LinkSharing
       Sets the necessary permissions on a file or folder and prints a link that allows others to
       access them, even if they don’t have an account on the particular cloud provider.

   About
       This is used to fetch quota information from the remote, like  bytes  used/free/quota  and
       bytes used in the trash.

       This is also used to return the space used, available for rclone mount.

       If the server can’t do About then rclone about will return an error.

   EmptyDir
       The       remote       supports       empty       directories.        See      Limitations
       (https://rclone.org/bugs/#limitations) for details.  Most Object/Bucket based  remotes  do
       not support this.

Global Flags

       This  describes  the global flags available to every rclone command split into two groups,
       non backend and backend flags.

   Non Backend Flags
       These flags are available for every command.

                    --ask-password                         Allow prompt for password for encrypted configuration. (default true)
                    --auto-confirm                         If enabled, do not request console confirmation.
                    --backup-dir string                    Make backups into hierarchy based in DIR.
                    --bind string                          Local address to bind to for outgoing connections, IPv4, IPv6 or name.
                    --buffer-size SizeSuffix               In memory buffer size when reading files for each --transfer. (default 16M)
                    --bwlimit BwTimetable                  Bandwidth limit in kBytes/s, or use suffix b|k|M|G or a full timetable.
                    --bwlimit-file BwTimetable             Bandwidth limit per file in kBytes/s, or use suffix b|k|M|G or a full timetable.
                    --ca-cert string                       CA certificate used to verify servers
                    --cache-dir string                     Directory rclone will use for caching. (default "$HOME/.cache/rclone")
                    --check-first                          Do all the checks before starting transfers.
                    --checkers int                         Number of checkers to run in parallel. (default 8)
                -c, --checksum                             Skip based on checksum (if available) & size, not mod-time & size
                    --client-cert string                   Client SSL certificate (PEM) for mutual TLS auth
                    --client-key string                    Client SSL private key (PEM) for mutual TLS auth
                    --compare-dest string                  Include additional server-side path during comparison.
                    --config string                        Config file. (default "$HOME/.config/rclone/rclone.conf")
                    --contimeout duration                  Connect timeout (default 1m0s)
                    --copy-dest string                     Implies --compare-dest but also copies files from path into destination.
                    --cpuprofile string                    Write cpu profile to file
                    --cutoff-mode string                   Mode to stop transfers when reaching the max transfer limit HARD|SOFT|CAUTIOUS (default "HARD")
                    --delete-after                         When synchronizing, delete files on destination after transferring (default)
                    --delete-before                        When synchronizing, delete files on destination before transferring
                    --delete-during                        When synchronizing, delete files during transfer
                    --delete-excluded                      Delete files on dest excluded from sync
                    --disable string                       Disable a comma separated list of features.  Use help to see a list.
                -n, --dry-run                              Do a trial run with no permanent changes
                    --dump DumpFlags                       List of items to dump from: headers,bodies,requests,responses,auth,filters,goroutines,openfiles
                    --dump-bodies                          Dump HTTP headers and bodies - may contain sensitive info
                    --dump-headers                         Dump HTTP headers - may contain sensitive info
                    --error-on-no-transfer                 Sets exit code 9 if no files are transferred, useful in scripts
                    --exclude stringArray                  Exclude files matching pattern
                    --exclude-from stringArray             Read exclude patterns from file (use - to read from stdin)
                    --exclude-if-present string            Exclude directories if filename is present
                    --expect-continue-timeout duration     Timeout when using expect / 100-continue in HTTP (default 1s)
                    --fast-list                            Use recursive list if available. Uses more memory but fewer transactions.
                    --files-from stringArray               Read list of source-file names from file (use - to read from stdin)
                    --files-from-raw stringArray           Read list of source-file names from file without any processing of lines (use - to read from stdin)
                -f, --filter stringArray                   Add a file-filtering rule
                    --filter-from stringArray              Read filtering patterns from a file (use - to read from stdin)
                    --header stringArray                   Set HTTP header for all transactions
                    --header-download stringArray          Set HTTP header for download transactions
                    --header-upload stringArray            Set HTTP header for upload transactions
                    --ignore-case                          Ignore case in filters (case insensitive)
                    --ignore-case-sync                     Ignore case when synchronizing
                    --ignore-checksum                      Skip post copy check of checksums.
                    --ignore-errors                        delete even if there are I/O errors
                    --ignore-existing                      Skip all files that exist on destination
                    --ignore-size                          Ignore size when skipping use mod-time or checksum.
                -I, --ignore-times                         Don't skip files that match size and time - transfer all files
                    --immutable                            Do not modify files. Fail if existing files have been modified.
                    --include stringArray                  Include files matching pattern
                    --include-from stringArray             Read include patterns from file (use - to read from stdin)
                -i, --interactive                          Enable interactive mode
                    --log-file string                      Log everything to this file
                    --log-format string                    Comma separated list of log format options (default "date,time")
                    --log-level string                     Log level DEBUG|INFO|NOTICE|ERROR (default "NOTICE")
                    --low-level-retries int                Number of low level retries to do. (default 10)
                    --max-age Duration                     Only transfer files younger than this in s or suffix ms|s|m|h|d|w|M|y (default off)
                    --max-backlog int                      Maximum number of objects in sync or check backlog. (default 10000)
                    --max-delete int                       When synchronizing, limit the number of deletes (default -1)
                    --max-depth int                        If set limits the recursion depth to this. (default -1)
                    --max-duration duration                Maximum duration rclone will transfer data for.
                    --max-size SizeSuffix                  Only transfer files smaller than this in k or suffix b|k|M|G (default off)
                    --max-stats-groups int                 Maximum number of stats groups to keep in memory. On max oldest is discarded. (default 1000)
                    --max-transfer SizeSuffix              Maximum size of data to transfer. (default off)
                    --memprofile string                    Write memory profile to file
                    --min-age Duration                     Only transfer files older than this in s or suffix ms|s|m|h|d|w|M|y (default off)
                    --min-size SizeSuffix                  Only transfer files bigger than this in k or suffix b|k|M|G (default off)
                    --modify-window duration               Max time diff to be considered the same (default 1ns)
                    --multi-thread-cutoff SizeSuffix       Use multi-thread downloads for files above this size. (default 250M)
                    --multi-thread-streams int             Max number of streams to use for multi-thread downloads. (default 4)
                    --no-check-certificate                 Do not verify the server SSL certificate. Insecure.
                    --no-check-dest                        Don't check the destination, copy regardless.
                    --no-gzip-encoding                     Don't set Accept-Encoding: gzip.
                    --no-traverse                          Don't traverse destination file system on copy.
                    --no-unicode-normalization             Don't normalize unicode characters in filenames.
                    --no-update-modtime                    Don't update destination mod-time if files identical.
                    --order-by string                      Instructions on how to order the transfers, eg 'size,descending'
                    --password-command SpaceSepList        Command for supplying password for encrypted configuration.
                -P, --progress                             Show progress during transfer.
                -q, --quiet                                Print as little stuff as possible
                    --rc                                   Enable the remote control server.
                    --rc-addr string                       IPaddress:Port or :Port to bind server to. (default "localhost:5572")
                    --rc-allow-origin string               Set the allowed origin for CORS.
                    --rc-baseurl string                    Prefix for URLs - leave blank for root.
                    --rc-cert string                       SSL PEM key (concatenation of certificate and CA certificate)
                    --rc-client-ca string                  Client certificate authority to verify clients with
                    --rc-enable-metrics                    Enable prometheus metrics on /metrics
                    --rc-files string                      Path to local files to serve on the HTTP server.
                    --rc-htpasswd string                   htpasswd file - if not provided no authentication is done
                    --rc-job-expire-duration duration      expire finished async jobs older than this value (default 1m0s)
                    --rc-job-expire-interval duration      interval to check for expired async jobs (default 10s)
                    --rc-key string                        SSL PEM Private key
                    --rc-max-header-bytes int              Maximum size of request header (default 4096)
                    --rc-no-auth                           Don't require auth for certain methods.
                    --rc-pass string                       Password for authentication.
                    --rc-realm string                      realm for authentication (default "rclone")
                    --rc-serve                             Enable the serving of remote objects.
                    --rc-server-read-timeout duration      Timeout for server reading data (default 1h0m0s)
                    --rc-server-write-timeout duration     Timeout for server writing data (default 1h0m0s)
                    --rc-template string                   User Specified Template.
                    --rc-user string                       User name for authentication.
                    --rc-web-fetch-url string              URL to fetch the releases for webgui. (default "https://api.github.com/repos/rclone/rclone-webui-react/releases/latest")
                    --rc-web-gui                           Launch WebGUI on localhost
                    --rc-web-gui-force-update              Force update to latest version of web gui
                    --rc-web-gui-no-open-browser           Don't open the browser automatically
                    --rc-web-gui-update                    Check and update to latest version of web gui
                    --refresh-times                        Refresh the modtime of remote files.
                    --retries int                          Retry operations this many times if they fail (default 3)
                    --retries-sleep duration               Interval between retrying operations if they fail, e.g 500ms, 60s, 5m. (0 to disable)
                    --size-only                            Skip based on size only, not mod-time or checksum
                    --stats duration                       Interval between printing stats, e.g 500ms, 60s, 5m. (0 to disable) (default 1m0s)
                    --stats-file-name-length int           Max file name length in stats. 0 for no limit (default 45)
                    --stats-log-level string               Log level to show --stats output DEBUG|INFO|NOTICE|ERROR (default "INFO")
                    --stats-one-line                       Make the stats fit on one line.
                    --stats-one-line-date                  Enables --stats-one-line and add current date/time prefix.
                    --stats-one-line-date-format string    Enables --stats-one-line-date and uses custom formatted date. Enclose date string in double quotes ("). See https://golang.org/pkg/time/#Time.Format
                    --stats-unit string                    Show data rate in stats as either 'bits' or 'bytes'/s (default "bytes")
                    --streaming-upload-cutoff SizeSuffix   Cutoff for switching to chunked upload if file size is unknown. Upload starts after reaching cutoff or when file ends. (default 100k)
                    --suffix string                        Suffix to add to changed files.
                    --suffix-keep-extension                Preserve the extension when using --suffix.
                    --syslog                               Use Syslog for logging
                    --syslog-facility string               Facility for syslog, eg KERN,USER,... (default "DAEMON")
                    --timeout duration                     IO idle timeout (default 5m0s)
                    --tpslimit float                       Limit HTTP transactions per second to this.
                    --tpslimit-burst int                   Max burst of transactions for --tpslimit. (default 1)
                    --track-renames                        When synchronizing, track file renames and do a server side move if possible
                    --track-renames-strategy string        Strategies to use when synchronizing using track-renames hash|modtime|leaf (default "hash")
                    --transfers int                        Number of file transfers to run in parallel. (default 4)
                -u, --update                               Skip files that are newer on the destination.
                    --use-cookies                          Enable session cookiejar.
                    --use-json-log                         Use json log format.
                    --use-mmap                             Use mmap allocator (see docs).
                    --use-server-modtime                   Use server modified time instead of object metadata
                    --user-agent string                    Set the user-agent to a specified string. The default is rclone/ version (default "rclone/v1.53.3")
                -v, --verbose count                        Print lots more stuff (repeat for more)

   Backend Flags
       These flags are available for every command.  They control the backends and may be set  in
       the config file.

                    --acd-auth-url string                                      Auth server URL.
                    --acd-client-id string                                     OAuth Client Id
                    --acd-client-secret string                                 OAuth Client Secret
                    --acd-encoding MultiEncoder                                This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --acd-templink-threshold SizeSuffix                        Files >= this size will be downloaded via their tempLink. (default 9G)
                    --acd-token string                                         OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --acd-token-url string                                     Token server url.
                    --acd-upload-wait-per-gb Duration                          Additional time per GB to wait after a failed complete upload to see if it appears. (default 3m0s)
                    --alias-remote string                                      Remote or path to alias.
                    --azureblob-access-tier string                             Access tier of blob: hot, cool or archive.
                    --azureblob-account string                                 Storage Account Name (leave blank to use SAS URL or Emulator)
                    --azureblob-chunk-size SizeSuffix                          Upload chunk size (<= 100MB). (default 4M)
                    --azureblob-disable-checksum                               Don't store MD5 checksum with object metadata.
                    --azureblob-encoding MultiEncoder                          This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8)
                    --azureblob-endpoint string                                Endpoint for the service
                    --azureblob-key string                                     Storage Account Key (leave blank to use SAS URL or Emulator)
                    --azureblob-list-chunk int                                 Size of blob list. (default 5000)
                    --azureblob-memory-pool-flush-time Duration                How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed. (default 1m0s)
                    --azureblob-memory-pool-use-mmap                           Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool.
                    --azureblob-sas-url string                                 SAS URL for container level access only
                    --azureblob-upload-cutoff SizeSuffix                       Cutoff for switching to chunked upload (<= 256MB). (default 256M)
                    --azureblob-use-emulator                                   Uses local storage emulator if provided as 'true' (leave blank if using real azure storage endpoint)
                    --b2-account string                                        Account ID or Application Key ID
                    --b2-chunk-size SizeSuffix                                 Upload chunk size. Must fit in memory. (default 96M)
                    --b2-copy-cutoff SizeSuffix                                Cutoff for switching to multipart copy (default 4G)
                    --b2-disable-checksum                                      Disable checksums for large (> upload cutoff) files
                    --b2-download-auth-duration Duration                       Time before the authorization token will expire in s or suffix ms|s|m|h|d. (default 1w)
                    --b2-download-url string                                   Custom endpoint for downloads.
                    --b2-encoding MultiEncoder                                 This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --b2-endpoint string                                       Endpoint for the service.
                    --b2-hard-delete                                           Permanently delete files on remote removal, otherwise hide files.
                    --b2-key string                                            Application Key
                    --b2-memory-pool-flush-time Duration                       How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed. (default 1m0s)
                    --b2-memory-pool-use-mmap                                  Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool.
                    --b2-test-mode string                                      A flag string for X-Bz-Test-Mode header for debugging.
                    --b2-upload-cutoff SizeSuffix                              Cutoff for switching to chunked upload. (default 200M)
                    --b2-versions                                              Include old versions in directory listings.
                    --box-access-token string                                  Box App Primary Access Token
                    --box-auth-url string                                      Auth server URL.
                    --box-box-config-file string                               Box App config.json location
                    --box-box-sub-type string                                   (default "user")
                    --box-client-id string                                     OAuth Client Id
                    --box-client-secret string                                 OAuth Client Secret
                    --box-commit-retries int                                   Max number of times to try committing a multipart file. (default 100)
                    --box-encoding MultiEncoder                                This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,RightSpace,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --box-root-folder-id string                                Fill in for rclone to use a non root folder as its starting point.
                    --box-token string                                         OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --box-token-url string                                     Token server url.
                    --box-upload-cutoff SizeSuffix                             Cutoff for switching to multipart upload (>= 50MB). (default 50M)
                    --cache-chunk-clean-interval Duration                      How often should the cache perform cleanups of the chunk storage. (default 1m0s)
                    --cache-chunk-no-memory                                    Disable the in-memory cache for storing chunks during streaming.
                    --cache-chunk-path string                                  Directory to cache chunk files. (default "$HOME/.cache/rclone/cache-backend")
                    --cache-chunk-size SizeSuffix                              The size of a chunk (partial file data). (default 5M)
                    --cache-chunk-total-size SizeSuffix                        The total size that the chunks can take up on the local disk. (default 10G)
                    --cache-db-path string                                     Directory to store file structure metadata DB. (default "$HOME/.cache/rclone/cache-backend")
                    --cache-db-purge                                           Clear all the cached data for this remote on start.
                    --cache-db-wait-time Duration                              How long to wait for the DB to be available - 0 is unlimited (default 1s)
                    --cache-info-age Duration                                  How long to cache file structure information (directory listings, file size, times etc). (default 6h0m0s)
                    --cache-plex-insecure string                               Skip all certificate verification when connecting to the Plex server
                    --cache-plex-password string                               The password of the Plex user (obscured)
                    --cache-plex-url string                                    The URL of the Plex server
                    --cache-plex-username string                               The username of the Plex user
                    --cache-read-retries int                                   How many times to retry a read from a cache storage. (default 10)
                    --cache-remote string                                      Remote to cache.
                    --cache-rps int                                            Limits the number of requests per second to the source FS (-1 to disable) (default -1)
                    --cache-tmp-upload-path string                             Directory to keep temporary files until they are uploaded.
                    --cache-tmp-wait-time Duration                             How long should files be stored in local cache before being uploaded (default 15s)
                    --cache-workers int                                        How many workers should run in parallel to download chunks. (default 4)
                    --cache-writes                                             Cache file data on writes through the FS
                    --chunker-chunk-size SizeSuffix                            Files larger than chunk size will be split in chunks. (default 2G)
                    --chunker-fail-hard                                        Choose how chunker should handle files with missing or invalid chunks.
                    --chunker-hash-type string                                 Choose how chunker handles hash sums. All modes but "none" require metadata. (default "md5")
                    --chunker-meta-format string                               Format of the metadata object or "none". By default "simplejson". (default "simplejson")
                    --chunker-name-format string                               String format of chunk file names. (default "*.rclone_chunk.###")
                    --chunker-remote string                                    Remote to chunk/unchunk.
                    --chunker-start-from int                                   Minimum valid chunk number. Usually 0 or 1. (default 1)
                -L, --copy-links                                               Follow symlinks and copy the pointed to item.
                    --crypt-directory-name-encryption                          Option to either encrypt directory names or leave them intact. (default true)
                    --crypt-filename-encryption string                         How to encrypt the filenames. (default "standard")
                    --crypt-password string                                    Password or pass phrase for encryption. (obscured)
                    --crypt-password2 string                                   Password or pass phrase for salt. Optional but recommended. (obscured)
                    --crypt-remote string                                      Remote to encrypt/decrypt.
                    --crypt-server-side-across-configs                         Allow server side operations (eg copy) to work across different crypt configs.
                    --crypt-show-mapping                                       For all files listed show how the names encrypt.
                    --drive-acknowledge-abuse                                  Set to allow files which return cannotDownloadAbusiveFile to be downloaded.
                    --drive-allow-import-name-change                           Allow the filetype to change when uploading Google docs (e.g. file.doc to file.docx). This will confuse sync and reupload every time.
                    --drive-auth-owner-only                                    Only consider files owned by the authenticated user.
                    --drive-auth-url string                                    Auth server URL.
                    --drive-chunk-size SizeSuffix                              Upload chunk size. Must a power of 2 >= 256k. (default 8M)
                    --drive-client-id string                                   Google Application Client Id
                    --drive-client-secret string                               OAuth Client Secret
                    --drive-disable-http2                                      Disable drive using http2 (default true)
                    --drive-encoding MultiEncoder                              This sets the encoding for the backend. (default InvalidUtf8)
                    --drive-export-formats string                              Comma separated list of preferred formats for downloading Google docs. (default "docx,xlsx,pptx,svg")
                    --drive-formats string                                     Deprecated: see export_formats
                    --drive-impersonate string                                 Impersonate this user when using a service account.
                    --drive-import-formats string                              Comma separated list of preferred formats for uploading Google docs.
                    --drive-keep-revision-forever                              Keep new head revision of each file forever.
                    --drive-list-chunk int                                     Size of listing chunk 100-1000. 0 to disable. (default 1000)
                    --drive-pacer-burst int                                    Number of API calls to allow without sleeping. (default 100)
                    --drive-pacer-min-sleep Duration                           Minimum time to sleep between API calls. (default 100ms)
                    --drive-root-folder-id string                              ID of the root folder
                    --drive-scope string                                       Scope that rclone should use when requesting access from drive.
                    --drive-server-side-across-configs                         Allow server side operations (eg copy) to work across different drive configs.
                    --drive-service-account-credentials string                 Service Account Credentials JSON blob
                    --drive-service-account-file string                        Service Account Credentials JSON file path
                    --drive-shared-with-me                                     Only show files that are shared with me.
                    --drive-size-as-quota                                      Show sizes as storage quota usage, not actual size.
                    --drive-skip-checksum-gphotos                              Skip MD5 checksum on Google photos and videos only.
                    --drive-skip-gdocs                                         Skip google documents in all listings.
                    --drive-skip-shortcuts                                     If set skip shortcut files
                    --drive-starred-only                                       Only show files that are starred.
                    --drive-stop-on-upload-limit                               Make upload limit errors be fatal
                    --drive-team-drive string                                  ID of the Team Drive
                    --drive-token string                                       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --drive-token-url string                                   Token server url.
                    --drive-trashed-only                                       Only show files that are in the trash.
                    --drive-upload-cutoff SizeSuffix                           Cutoff for switching to chunked upload (default 8M)
                    --drive-use-created-date                                   Use file created date instead of modified date.,
                    --drive-use-shared-date                                    Use date file was shared instead of modified date.
                    --drive-use-trash                                          Send files to the trash instead of deleting permanently. (default true)
                    --drive-v2-download-min-size SizeSuffix                    If Object's are greater, use drive v2 API to download. (default off)
                    --dropbox-auth-url string                                  Auth server URL.
                    --dropbox-chunk-size SizeSuffix                            Upload chunk size. (< 150M). (default 48M)
                    --dropbox-client-id string                                 OAuth Client Id
                    --dropbox-client-secret string                             OAuth Client Secret
                    --dropbox-encoding MultiEncoder                            This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,BackSlash,Del,RightSpace,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --dropbox-impersonate string                               Impersonate this user when using a business account.
                    --dropbox-token string                                     OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --dropbox-token-url string                                 Token server url.
                    --fichier-api-key string                                   Your API Key, get it from https://1fichier.com/console/params.pl
                    --fichier-encoding MultiEncoder                            This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,SingleQuote,BackQuote,Dollar,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,LeftSpace,RightSpace,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --fichier-shared-folder string                             If you want to download a shared folder, add this parameter
                    --ftp-concurrency int                                      Maximum number of FTP simultaneous connections, 0 for unlimited
                    --ftp-disable-epsv                                         Disable using EPSV even if server advertises support
                    --ftp-encoding MultiEncoder                                This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,Del,Ctl,RightSpace,Dot)
                    --ftp-explicit-tls                                         Use FTP over TLS (Explicit)
                    --ftp-host string                                          FTP host to connect to
                    --ftp-no-check-certificate                                 Do not verify the TLS certificate of the server
                    --ftp-pass string                                          FTP password (obscured)
                    --ftp-port string                                          FTP port, leave blank to use default (21)
                    --ftp-tls                                                  Use FTPS over TLS (Implicit)
                    --ftp-user string                                          FTP username, leave blank for current username, $USER
                    --gcs-anonymous                                            Access public buckets and objects without credentials
                    --gcs-auth-url string                                      Auth server URL.
                    --gcs-bucket-acl string                                    Access Control List for new buckets.
                    --gcs-bucket-policy-only                                   Access checks should use bucket-level IAM policies.
                    --gcs-client-id string                                     OAuth Client Id
                    --gcs-client-secret string                                 OAuth Client Secret
                    --gcs-encoding MultiEncoder                                This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,CrLf,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --gcs-location string                                      Location for the newly created buckets.
                    --gcs-object-acl string                                    Access Control List for new objects.
                    --gcs-project-number string                                Project number.
                    --gcs-service-account-file string                          Service Account Credentials JSON file path
                    --gcs-storage-class string                                 The storage class to use when storing objects in Google Cloud Storage.
                    --gcs-token string                                         OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --gcs-token-url string                                     Token server url.
                    --gphotos-auth-url string                                  Auth server URL.
                    --gphotos-client-id string                                 OAuth Client Id
                    --gphotos-client-secret string                             OAuth Client Secret
                    --gphotos-read-only                                        Set to make the Google Photos backend read only.
                    --gphotos-read-size                                        Set to read the size of media items.
                    --gphotos-start-year int                                   Year limits the photos to be downloaded to those which are uploaded after the given year (default 2000)
                    --gphotos-token string                                     OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --gphotos-token-url string                                 Token server url.
                    --http-headers CommaSepList                                Set HTTP headers for all transactions
                    --http-no-head                                             Don't use HEAD requests to find file sizes in dir listing
                    --http-no-slash                                            Set this if the site doesn't end directories with /
                    --http-url string                                          URL of http host to connect to
                    --hubic-auth-url string                                    Auth server URL.
                    --hubic-chunk-size SizeSuffix                              Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container. (default 5G)
                    --hubic-client-id string                                   OAuth Client Id
                    --hubic-client-secret string                               OAuth Client Secret
                    --hubic-encoding MultiEncoder                              This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,InvalidUtf8)
                    --hubic-no-chunk                                           Don't chunk files during streaming upload.
                    --hubic-token string                                       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --hubic-token-url string                                   Token server url.
                    --jottacloud-encoding MultiEncoder                         This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --jottacloud-hard-delete                                   Delete files permanently rather than putting them into the trash.
                    --jottacloud-md5-memory-limit SizeSuffix                   Files bigger than this will be cached on disk to calculate the MD5 if required. (default 10M)
                    --jottacloud-trashed-only                                  Only show files that are in the trash.
                    --jottacloud-upload-resume-limit SizeSuffix                Files bigger than this can be resumed if the upload fail's. (default 10M)
                    --koofr-encoding MultiEncoder                              This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --koofr-endpoint string                                    The Koofr API endpoint to use (default "https://app.koofr.net")
                    --koofr-mountid string                                     Mount ID of the mount to use. If omitted, the primary mount is used.
                    --koofr-password string                                    Your Koofr password for rclone (generate one at https://app.koofr.net/app/admin/preferences/password) (obscured)
                    --koofr-setmtime                                           Does the backend support setting modification time. Set this to false if you use a mount ID that points to a Dropbox or Amazon Drive backend. (default true)
                    --koofr-user string                                        Your Koofr user name
                -l, --links                                                    Translate symlinks to/from regular files with a '.rclonelink' extension
                    --local-case-insensitive                                   Force the filesystem to report itself as case insensitive
                    --local-case-sensitive                                     Force the filesystem to report itself as case sensitive.
                    --local-encoding MultiEncoder                              This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,Dot)
                    --local-no-check-updated                                   Don't check to see if the files change during upload
                    --local-no-set-modtime                                     Disable setting modtime
                    --local-no-sparse                                          Disable sparse files for multi-thread downloads
                    --local-no-unicode-normalization                           Don't apply unicode normalization to paths and filenames (Deprecated)
                    --local-nounc string                                       Disable UNC (long path names) conversion on Windows
                    --mailru-check-hash                                        What should copy do if file checksum is mismatched or invalid (default true)
                    --mailru-encoding MultiEncoder                             This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --mailru-pass string                                       Password (obscured)
                    --mailru-speedup-enable                                    Skip full upload if there is another file with same data hash. (default true)
                    --mailru-speedup-file-patterns string                      Comma separated list of file name patterns eligible for speedup (put by hash). (default "*.mkv,*.avi,*.mp4,*.mp3,*.zip,*.gz,*.rar,*.pdf")
                    --mailru-speedup-max-disk SizeSuffix                       This option allows you to disable speedup (put by hash) for large files (default 3G)
                    --mailru-speedup-max-memory SizeSuffix                     Files larger than the size given below will always be hashed on disk. (default 32M)
                    --mailru-user string                                       User name (usually email)
                    --mega-debug                                               Output more debug from Mega.
                    --mega-encoding MultiEncoder                               This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --mega-hard-delete                                         Delete files permanently rather than putting them into the trash.
                    --mega-pass string                                         Password. (obscured)
                    --mega-user string                                         User name
                -x, --one-file-system                                          Don't cross filesystem boundaries (unix/macOS only).
                    --onedrive-auth-url string                                 Auth server URL.
                    --onedrive-chunk-size SizeSuffix                           Chunk size to upload files with - must be multiple of 320k (327,680 bytes). (default 10M)
                    --onedrive-client-id string                                OAuth Client Id
                    --onedrive-client-secret string                            OAuth Client Secret
                    --onedrive-drive-id string                                 The ID of the drive to use
                    --onedrive-drive-type string                               The type of the drive ( personal | business | documentLibrary )
                    --onedrive-encoding MultiEncoder                           This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,Hash,Percent,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,LeftSpace,LeftTilde,RightSpace,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --onedrive-expose-onenote-files                            Set to make OneNote files show up in directory listings.
                    --onedrive-no-versions                                     Remove all versions on modifying operations
                    --onedrive-server-side-across-configs                      Allow server side operations (eg copy) to work across different onedrive configs.
                    --onedrive-token string                                    OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --onedrive-token-url string                                Token server url.
                    --opendrive-chunk-size SizeSuffix                          Files will be uploaded in chunks this size. (default 10M)
                    --opendrive-encoding MultiEncoder                          This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,BackSlash,LeftSpace,LeftCrLfHtVt,RightSpace,RightCrLfHtVt,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --opendrive-password string                                Password. (obscured)
                    --opendrive-username string                                Username
                    --pcloud-auth-url string                                   Auth server URL.
                    --pcloud-client-id string                                  OAuth Client Id
                    --pcloud-client-secret string                              OAuth Client Secret
                    --pcloud-encoding MultiEncoder                             This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --pcloud-hostname string                                   Hostname to connect to. (default "api.pcloud.com")
                    --pcloud-root-folder-id string                             Fill in for rclone to use a non root folder as its starting point. (default "d0")
                    --pcloud-token string                                      OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --pcloud-token-url string                                  Token server url.
                    --premiumizeme-encoding MultiEncoder                       This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,DoubleQuote,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --putio-encoding MultiEncoder                              This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --qingstor-access-key-id string                            QingStor Access Key ID
                    --qingstor-chunk-size SizeSuffix                           Chunk size to use for uploading. (default 4M)
                    --qingstor-connection-retries int                          Number of connection retries. (default 3)
                    --qingstor-encoding MultiEncoder                           This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,Ctl,InvalidUtf8)
                    --qingstor-endpoint string                                 Enter an endpoint URL to connection QingStor API.
                    --qingstor-env-auth                                        Get QingStor credentials from runtime. Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
                    --qingstor-secret-access-key string                        QingStor Secret Access Key (password)
                    --qingstor-upload-concurrency int                          Concurrency for multipart uploads. (default 1)
                    --qingstor-upload-cutoff SizeSuffix                        Cutoff for switching to chunked upload (default 200M)
                    --qingstor-zone string                                     Zone to connect to.
                    --s3-access-key-id string                                  AWS Access Key ID.
                    --s3-acl string                                            Canned ACL used when creating buckets and storing or copying objects.
                    --s3-bucket-acl string                                     Canned ACL used when creating buckets.
                    --s3-chunk-size SizeSuffix                                 Chunk size to use for uploading. (default 5M)
                    --s3-copy-cutoff SizeSuffix                                Cutoff for switching to multipart copy (default 4.656G)
                    --s3-disable-checksum                                      Don't store MD5 checksum with object metadata
                    --s3-encoding MultiEncoder                                 This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --s3-endpoint string                                       Endpoint for S3 API.
                    --s3-env-auth                                              Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars).
                    --s3-force-path-style                                      If true use path style access if false use virtual hosted style. (default true)
                    --s3-leave-parts-on-error                                  If true avoid calling abort upload on a failure, leaving all successfully uploaded parts on S3 for manual recovery.
                    --s3-list-chunk int                                        Size of listing chunk (response list for each ListObject S3 request). (default 1000)
                    --s3-location-constraint string                            Location constraint - must be set to match the Region.
                    --s3-max-upload-parts int                                  Maximum number of parts in a multipart upload. (default 10000)
                    --s3-memory-pool-flush-time Duration                       How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed. (default 1m0s)
                    --s3-memory-pool-use-mmap                                  Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool.
                    --s3-no-check-bucket                                       If set don't attempt to check the bucket exists or create it
                    --s3-profile string                                        Profile to use in the shared credentials file
                    --s3-provider string                                       Choose your S3 provider.
                    --s3-region string                                         Region to connect to.
                    --s3-secret-access-key string                              AWS Secret Access Key (password)
                    --s3-server-side-encryption string                         The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.
                    --s3-session-token string                                  An AWS session token
                    --s3-shared-credentials-file string                        Path to the shared credentials file
                    --s3-sse-customer-algorithm string                         If using SSE-C, the server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.
                    --s3-sse-customer-key string                               If using SSE-C you must provide the secret encryption key used to encrypt/decrypt your data.
                    --s3-sse-customer-key-md5 string                           If using SSE-C you must provide the secret encryption key MD5 checksum.
                    --s3-sse-kms-key-id string                                 If using KMS ID you must provide the ARN of Key.
                    --s3-storage-class string                                  The storage class to use when storing new objects in S3.
                    --s3-upload-concurrency int                                Concurrency for multipart uploads. (default 4)
                    --s3-upload-cutoff SizeSuffix                              Cutoff for switching to chunked upload (default 200M)
                    --s3-use-accelerate-endpoint                               If true use the AWS S3 accelerated endpoint.
                    --s3-v2-auth                                               If true use v2 authentication.
                    --seafile-2fa                                              Two-factor authentication ('true' if the account has 2FA enabled)
                    --seafile-create-library                                   Should rclone create a library if it doesn't exist
                    --seafile-encoding MultiEncoder                            This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,DoubleQuote,BackSlash,Ctl,InvalidUtf8)
                    --seafile-library string                                   Name of the library. Leave blank to access all non-encrypted libraries.
                    --seafile-library-key string                               Library password (for encrypted libraries only). Leave blank if you pass it through the command line. (obscured)
                    --seafile-pass string                                      Password (obscured)
                    --seafile-url string                                       URL of seafile host to connect to
                    --seafile-user string                                      User name (usually email address)
                    --sftp-ask-password                                        Allow asking for SFTP password when needed.
                    --sftp-disable-hashcheck                                   Disable the execution of SSH commands to determine if remote file hashing is available.
                    --sftp-host string                                         SSH host to connect to
                    --sftp-key-file string                                     Path to PEM-encoded private key file, leave blank or set key-use-agent to use ssh-agent.
                    --sftp-key-file-pass string                                The passphrase to decrypt the PEM-encoded private key file. (obscured)
                    --sftp-key-pem string                                      Raw PEM-encoded private key, If specified, will override key_file parameter.
                    --sftp-key-use-agent                                       When set forces the usage of the ssh-agent.
                    --sftp-md5sum-command string                               The command used to read md5 hashes. Leave blank for autodetect.
                    --sftp-pass string                                         SSH password, leave blank to use ssh-agent. (obscured)
                    --sftp-path-override string                                Override path used by SSH connection.
                    --sftp-port string                                         SSH port, leave blank to use default (22)
                    --sftp-server-command string                               Specifies the path or command to run a sftp server on the remote host.
                    --sftp-set-modtime                                         Set the modified time on the remote if set. (default true)
                    --sftp-sha1sum-command string                              The command used to read sha1 hashes. Leave blank for autodetect.
                    --sftp-skip-links                                          Set to skip any symlinks and any other non regular files.
                    --sftp-subsystem string                                    Specifies the SSH2 subsystem on the remote host. (default "sftp")
                    --sftp-use-insecure-cipher                                 Enable the use of insecure ciphers and key exchange methods.
                    --sftp-user string                                         SSH username, leave blank for current username, ncw
                    --sharefile-chunk-size SizeSuffix                          Upload chunk size. Must a power of 2 >= 256k. (default 64M)
                    --sharefile-encoding MultiEncoder                          This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,BackSlash,Ctl,LeftSpace,LeftPeriod,RightSpace,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --sharefile-endpoint string                                Endpoint for API calls.
                    --sharefile-root-folder-id string                          ID of the root folder
                    --sharefile-upload-cutoff SizeSuffix                       Cutoff for switching to multipart upload. (default 128M)
                    --skip-links                                               Don't warn about skipped symlinks.
                    --sugarsync-access-key-id string                           Sugarsync Access Key ID.
                    --sugarsync-app-id string                                  Sugarsync App ID.
                    --sugarsync-authorization string                           Sugarsync authorization
                    --sugarsync-authorization-expiry string                    Sugarsync authorization expiry
                    --sugarsync-deleted-id string                              Sugarsync deleted folder id
                    --sugarsync-encoding MultiEncoder                          This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --sugarsync-hard-delete                                    Permanently delete files if true
                    --sugarsync-private-access-key string                      Sugarsync Private Access Key
                    --sugarsync-refresh-token string                           Sugarsync refresh token
                    --sugarsync-root-id string                                 Sugarsync root id
                    --sugarsync-user string                                    Sugarsync user
                    --swift-application-credential-id string                   Application Credential ID (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_ID)
                    --swift-application-credential-name string                 Application Credential Name (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_NAME)
                    --swift-application-credential-secret string               Application Credential Secret (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_SECRET)
                    --swift-auth string                                        Authentication URL for server (OS_AUTH_URL).
                    --swift-auth-token string                                  Auth Token from alternate authentication - optional (OS_AUTH_TOKEN)
                    --swift-auth-version int                                   AuthVersion - optional - set to (1,2,3) if your auth URL has no version (ST_AUTH_VERSION)
                    --swift-chunk-size SizeSuffix                              Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container. (default 5G)
                    --swift-domain string                                      User domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME)
                    --swift-encoding MultiEncoder                              This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,InvalidUtf8)
                    --swift-endpoint-type string                               Endpoint type to choose from the service catalogue (OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE) (default "public")
                    --swift-env-auth                                           Get swift credentials from environment variables in standard OpenStack form.
                    --swift-key string                                         API key or password (OS_PASSWORD).
                    --swift-no-chunk                                           Don't chunk files during streaming upload.
                    --swift-region string                                      Region name - optional (OS_REGION_NAME)
                    --swift-storage-policy string                              The storage policy to use when creating a new container
                    --swift-storage-url string                                 Storage URL - optional (OS_STORAGE_URL)
                    --swift-tenant string                                      Tenant name - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant_id required otherwise (OS_TENANT_NAME or OS_PROJECT_NAME)
                    --swift-tenant-domain string                               Tenant domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME)
                    --swift-tenant-id string                                   Tenant ID - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant required otherwise (OS_TENANT_ID)
                    --swift-user string                                        User name to log in (OS_USERNAME).
                    --swift-user-id string                                     User ID to log in - optional - most swift systems use user and leave this blank (v3 auth) (OS_USER_ID).
                    --tardigrade-access-grant string                           Access Grant.
                    --tardigrade-api-key string                                API Key.
                    --tardigrade-passphrase string                             Encryption Passphrase. To access existing objects enter passphrase used for uploading.
                    --tardigrade-provider string                               Choose an authentication method. (default "existing")
                    --tardigrade-satellite-address <nodeid>@<address>:<port>   Satellite Address. Custom satellite address should match the format: <nodeid>@<address>:<port>. (default "us-central-1.tardigrade.io")
                    --union-action-policy string                               Policy to choose upstream on ACTION category. (default "epall")
                    --union-cache-time int                                     Cache time of usage and free space (in seconds). This option is only useful when a path preserving policy is used. (default 120)
                    --union-create-policy string                               Policy to choose upstream on CREATE category. (default "epmfs")
                    --union-search-policy string                               Policy to choose upstream on SEARCH category. (default "ff")
                    --union-upstreams string                                   List of space separated upstreams.
                    --webdav-bearer-token string                               Bearer token instead of user/pass (eg a Macaroon)
                    --webdav-bearer-token-command string                       Command to run to get a bearer token
                    --webdav-pass string                                       Password. (obscured)
                    --webdav-url string                                        URL of http host to connect to
                    --webdav-user string                                       User name
                    --webdav-vendor string                                     Name of the Webdav site/service/software you are using
                    --yandex-auth-url string                                   Auth server URL.
                    --yandex-client-id string                                  OAuth Client Id
                    --yandex-client-secret string                              OAuth Client Secret
                    --yandex-encoding MultiEncoder                             This sets the encoding for the backend. (default Slash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot)
                    --yandex-token string                                      OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.
                    --yandex-token-url string                                  Token server url.

   1Fichier
       This  is  a  backend  for the 1fichier (https://1fichier.com) cloud storage service.  Note
       that a Premium subscription is required to use the API.

       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       The initial setup for 1Fichier involves getting the API key from  the  website  which  you
       need to do in your browser.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / 1Fichier
                 \ "fichier"
              [snip]
              Storage> fichier
              ** See help for fichier backend at: https://rclone.org/fichier/ **

              Your API Key, get it from https://1fichier.com/console/params.pl
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              api_key> example_key

              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = fichier
              api_key = example_key
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your 1Fichier account

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your 1Fichier account

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to a 1Fichier directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Modified time and hashes
       1Fichier does not support modification times.  It supports the Whirlpool hash algorithm.

   Duplicated files
       1Fichier  can  have  two  files  with exactly the same name and path (unlike a normal file
       system).

       Duplicated files cause problems with the syncing and you will  see  messages  in  the  log
       about duplicates.

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       \           0x5C        \
       <           0x3C        <
       >           0x3E        >
       "           0x22        "
       $           0x24        $
       `           0x60        `
       ’           0x27        '

       File  names  can  also  not  start  or  end with the following characters.  These only get
       replaced if they are the first or last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to fichier (1Fichier).

   –fichier-api-key
       Your API Key, get it from https://1fichier.com/console/params.pl

       • Config: api_key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FICHIER_API_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to fichier (1Fichier).

   –fichier-shared-folder
       If you want to download a shared folder, add this parameter

       • Config: shared_folder

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FICHIER_SHARED_FOLDER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –fichier-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FICHIER_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default:
         Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,SingleQuote,BackQuote,Dollar,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,LeftSpace,RightSpace,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Alias
       The alias remote provides a new name for another remote.

       Paths may be as deep as required or a  local  path,  eg  remote:directory/subdirectory  or
       /directory/subdirectory.

       During  the  initial  setup  with  rclone  config you will specify the target remote.  The
       target remote can either be a local path or another remote.

       Subfolders can be used in target remote.  Assume an alias remote  named  backup  with  the
       target  mydrive:private/backup.   Invoking rclone mkdir backup:desktop is exactly the same
       as invoking rclone mkdir mydrive:private/backup/desktop.

       There will be no special handling of paths containing ..  segments.  Invoking rclone mkdir
       backup:../desktop     is     exactly     the     same    as    invoking    rclone    mkdir
       mydrive:private/backup/../desktop.  The empty path is not allowed as a remote.   To  alias
       the current directory use . instead.

       Here is an example of how to make an alias called remote for local folder.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Alias for an existing remote
                 \ "alias"
              [snip]
              Storage> alias
              Remote or path to alias.
              Can be "myremote:path/to/dir", "myremote:bucket", "myremote:" or "/local/path".
              remote> /mnt/storage/backup
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              remote = /mnt/storage/backup
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y
              Current remotes:

              Name                 Type
              ====                 ====
              remote               alias

              e) Edit existing remote
              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/r/c/s/q> q

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level in /mnt/storage/backup

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in /mnt/storage/backup

              rclone ls remote:

       Copy another local directory to the alias directory called source

              rclone copy /home/source remote:source

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to alias (Alias for an existing remote).

   –alias-remote
       Remote or path to alias.  Can be “myremote:path/to/dir”, “myremote:bucket”, “myremote:” or
       “/local/path”.

       • Config: remote

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ALIAS_REMOTE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Amazon Drive
       Amazon Drive, formerly known as Amazon Cloud Drive, is a  cloud  storage  service  run  by
       Amazon for consumers.

   Status
       Important:  rclone  supports  Amazon  Drive  only  if  you  have your own set of API keys.
       Unfortunately the Amazon  Drive  developer  program  (https://developer.amazon.com/amazon-
       drive)  is now closed to new entries so if you don’t already have your own set of keys you
       will not be able to use rclone with Amazon Drive.

       For the history on why rclone no longer has a set of Amazon Drive API keys see  the  forum
       (https://forum.rclone.org/t/rclone-has-been-banned-from-amazon-drive/2314).

       If you happen to know anyone who works at Amazon then please ask them to re-instate rclone
       into the Amazon Drive developer program - thanks!

   Setup
       The initial setup for Amazon Drive involves getting a token from Amazon which you need  to
       do in your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       The   configuration   process   for   Amazon  Drive  may  involve  using  an  oauth  proxy
       (https://github.com/ncw/oauthproxy).  This is used to keep the Amazon credentials  out  of
       the  source  code.   The  proxy  runs  in  Google’s very secure App Engine environment and
       doesn’t store any credentials which pass through it.

       Since rclone doesn’t currently have its own Amazon Drive credentials so  you  will  either
       need  to have your own client_id and client_secret with Amazon Drive, or use a third party
       oauth proxy in which case you will need to enter client_id,  client_secret,  auth_url  and
       token_url.

       Note  also  if  you  are  not  using  Amazon’s  auth_url  and token_url, (ie you filled in
       something for those) then if setting up on a remote machine you can only use  the  copying
       the   config  method  of  configuration  (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/#configuring-by-
       copying-the-config-file) - rclone authorize will not work.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/r/c/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Amazon Drive
                 \ "amazon cloud drive"
              [snip]
              Storage> amazon cloud drive
              Amazon Application Client Id - required.
              client_id> your client ID goes here
              Amazon Application Client Secret - required.
              client_secret> your client secret goes here
              Auth server URL - leave blank to use Amazon's.
              auth_url> Optional auth URL
              Token server url - leave blank to use Amazon's.
              token_url> Optional token URL
              Remote config
              Make sure your Redirect URL is set to "http://127.0.0.1:53682/" in your custom config.
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              client_id = your client ID goes here
              client_secret = your client secret goes here
              auth_url = Optional auth URL
              token_url = Optional token URL
              token = {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","expiry":"2015-09-06T16:07:39.658438471+01:00"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to set  it  up  on  a
       machine with no Internet browser available.

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Amazon.  This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment  you  get
       back  the  verification  code.  This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require
       you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your Amazon Drive

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your Amazon Drive

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an Amazon Drive directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Modified time and MD5SUMs
       Amazon Drive doesn’t allow modification times to be changed via the API so these won’t  be
       accurate or used for syncing.

       It does store MD5SUMs so for a more accurate sync, you can use the --checksum flag.

   Restricted filename characters
       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       /           0x2F        /

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Deleting files
       Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash.  Amazon don’t provide an API to
       permanently  delete files, nor to empty the trash, so you will have to do that with one of
       Amazon’s apps or via the Amazon Drive  website.   As  of  November  17,  2016,  files  are
       automatically deleted by Amazon from the trash after 30 days.

   Using with non .com Amazon accounts
       Let’s  say  you  usually use amazon.co.uk.  When you authenticate with rclone it will take
       you to an amazon.com page to log in.  Your amazon.co.uk email  and  password  should  work
       here just fine.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to amazon cloud drive (Amazon Drive).

   –acd-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –acd-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to amazon cloud drive (Amazon Drive).

   –acd-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –acd-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –acd-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –acd-checkpoint
       Checkpoint for internal polling (debug).

       • Config: checkpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_CHECKPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –acd-upload-wait-per-gb
       Additional time per GB to wait after a failed complete upload to see if it appears.

       Sometimes  Amazon  Drive  gives  an error when a file has been fully uploaded but the file
       appears anyway after a little while.  This happens sometimes for files over  1GB  in  size
       and nearly every time for files bigger than 10GB.  This parameter controls the time rclone
       waits for the file to appear.

       The default value for this parameter is 3 minutes per GB, so by default  it  will  wait  3
       minutes for every GB uploaded to see if the file appears.

       You can disable this feature by setting it to 0.  This may cause conflict errors as rclone
       retries the failed upload but the file will most likely appear correctly eventually.

       These values were determined empirically by observing lots of uploads of big files  for  a
       range of file sizes.

       Upload with the “-v” flag to see more info about what rclone is doing in this situation.

       • Config: upload_wait_per_gb

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_UPLOAD_WAIT_PER_GB

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 3m0s

   –acd-templink-threshold
       Files >= this size will be downloaded via their tempLink.

       Files this size or more will be downloaded via their “tempLink”.  This is to work around a
       problem with Amazon Drive which blocks downloads of files bigger  than  about  10GB.   The
       default for this is 9GB which shouldn’t need to be changed.

       To  download  files above this threshold, rclone requests a “tempLink” which downloads the
       file through a temporary URL directly from the underlying S3 storage.

       • Config: templink_threshold

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_TEMPLINK_THRESHOLD

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 9G

   –acd-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ACD_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Limitations
       Note that Amazon Drive is case insensitive so you can’t have a file called “Hello.doc” and
       one called “hello.doc”.

       Amazon Drive has rate limiting so you may notice errors in the sync (429 errors).   rclone
       will  automatically  retry  the  sync  up to 3 times by default (see --retries flag) which
       should hopefully work around this problem.

       Amazon Drive has an internal limit of file sizes that can  be  uploaded  to  the  service.
       This limit is not officially published, but all files larger than this will fail.

       At the time of writing (Jan 2016) is in the area of 50GB per file.  This means that larger
       files are likely to fail.

       Unfortunately there is no way for rclone to see that this failure is because of file size,
       so  it  will retry the operation, as any other failure.  To avoid this problem, use --max-
       size 50000M option to limit the maximum size of uploaded files.  Note that --max-size does
       not split files into segments, it only ignores files over this size.

   Amazon S3 Storage Providers
       The S3 backend can be used with a number of different providers:

       • AWS S3

       • Alibaba Cloud (Aliyun) Object Storage System (OSS)

       • Ceph

       • DigitalOcean Spaces

       • Dreamhost

       • IBM COS S3

       • Minio

       • Scaleway

       • StackPath

       • Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS)

       • Wasabi

       Paths  are  specified  as  remote:bucket  (or  remote:  for  the lsd command.) You may put
       subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.

       Once you have made a remote (see the provider specific section above) you can use it  like
       this:

       See all buckets

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new bucket

              rclone mkdir remote:bucket

       List the contents of a bucket

              rclone ls remote:bucket

       Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess files in the bucket.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:bucket

   AWS S3
       Here is an example of making an s3 configuration.  First run

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio)
                 \ "s3"
              [snip]
              Storage> s3
              Choose your S3 provider.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3
                 \ "AWS"
               2 / Ceph Object Storage
                 \ "Ceph"
               3 / Digital Ocean Spaces
                 \ "DigitalOcean"
               4 / Dreamhost DreamObjects
                 \ "Dreamhost"
               5 / IBM COS S3
                 \ "IBMCOS"
               6 / Minio Object Storage
                 \ "Minio"
               7 / Wasabi Object Storage
                 \ "Wasabi"
               8 / Any other S3 compatible provider
                 \ "Other"
              provider> 1
              Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step
                 \ "false"
               2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
                 \ "true"
              env_auth> 1
              AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              access_key_id> XXX
              AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              secret_access_key> YYY
              Region to connect to.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
                 / The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure.
               1 | US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
                 | Leave location constraint empty.
                 \ "us-east-1"
                 / US East (Ohio) Region
               2 | Needs location constraint us-east-2.
                 \ "us-east-2"
                 / US West (Oregon) Region
               3 | Needs location constraint us-west-2.
                 \ "us-west-2"
                 / US West (Northern California) Region
               4 | Needs location constraint us-west-1.
                 \ "us-west-1"
                 / Canada (Central) Region
               5 | Needs location constraint ca-central-1.
                 \ "ca-central-1"
                 / EU (Ireland) Region
               6 | Needs location constraint EU or eu-west-1.
                 \ "eu-west-1"
                 / EU (London) Region
               7 | Needs location constraint eu-west-2.
                 \ "eu-west-2"
                 / EU (Frankfurt) Region
               8 | Needs location constraint eu-central-1.
                 \ "eu-central-1"
                 / Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region
               9 | Needs location constraint ap-southeast-1.
                 \ "ap-southeast-1"
                 / Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region
              10 | Needs location constraint ap-southeast-2.
                 \ "ap-southeast-2"
                 / Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region
              11 | Needs location constraint ap-northeast-1.
                 \ "ap-northeast-1"
                 / Asia Pacific (Seoul)
              12 | Needs location constraint ap-northeast-2.
                 \ "ap-northeast-2"
                 / Asia Pacific (Mumbai)
              13 | Needs location constraint ap-south-1.
                 \ "ap-south-1"
                 / Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) Region
              14 | Needs location constraint ap-east-1.
                 \ "ap-east-1"
                 / South America (Sao Paulo) Region
              15 | Needs location constraint sa-east-1.
                 \ "sa-east-1"
              region> 1
              Endpoint for S3 API.
              Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region.
              endpoint>
              Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
                 \ ""
               2 / US East (Ohio) Region.
                 \ "us-east-2"
               3 / US West (Oregon) Region.
                 \ "us-west-2"
               4 / US West (Northern California) Region.
                 \ "us-west-1"
               5 / Canada (Central) Region.
                 \ "ca-central-1"
               6 / EU (Ireland) Region.
                 \ "eu-west-1"
               7 / EU (London) Region.
                 \ "eu-west-2"
               8 / EU Region.
                 \ "EU"
               9 / Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region.
                 \ "ap-southeast-1"
              10 / Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region.
                 \ "ap-southeast-2"
              11 / Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region.
                 \ "ap-northeast-1"
              12 / Asia Pacific (Seoul)
                 \ "ap-northeast-2"
              13 / Asia Pacific (Mumbai)
                 \ "ap-south-1"
              14 / Asia Pacific (Hong Kong)
                 \ "ap-east-1"
              15 / South America (Sao Paulo) Region.
                 \ "sa-east-1"
              location_constraint> 1
              Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
              For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default).
                 \ "private"
               2 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access.
                 \ "public-read"
                 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access.
               3 | Granting this on a bucket is generally not recommended.
                 \ "public-read-write"
               4 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access.
                 \ "authenticated-read"
                 / Object owner gets FULL_CONTROL. Bucket owner gets READ access.
               5 | If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it.
                 \ "bucket-owner-read"
                 / Both the object owner and the bucket owner get FULL_CONTROL over the object.
               6 | If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it.
                 \ "bucket-owner-full-control"
              acl> 1
              The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / None
                 \ ""
               2 / AES256
                 \ "AES256"
              server_side_encryption> 1
              The storage class to use when storing objects in S3.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Default
                 \ ""
               2 / Standard storage class
                 \ "STANDARD"
               3 / Reduced redundancy storage class
                 \ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
               4 / Standard Infrequent Access storage class
                 \ "STANDARD_IA"
               5 / One Zone Infrequent Access storage class
                 \ "ONEZONE_IA"
               6 / Glacier storage class
                 \ "GLACIER"
               7 / Glacier Deep Archive storage class
                 \ "DEEP_ARCHIVE"
               8 / Intelligent-Tiering storage class
                 \ "INTELLIGENT_TIERING"
              storage_class> 1
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = s3
              provider = AWS
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = XXX
              secret_access_key = YYY
              region = us-east-1
              endpoint =
              location_constraint =
              acl = private
              server_side_encryption =
              storage_class =
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d>

   –fast-list
       This  remote  supports  --fast-list which allows you to use fewer transactions in exchange
       for more memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list)  for  more
       details.

   –update and –use-server-modtime
       As  noted  below,  the  modified  time is stored on metadata on the object.  It is used by
       default for all operations that require checking the time a file  was  last  updated.   It
       allows  rclone  to  treat  the  remote  more like a true filesystem, but it is inefficient
       because it requires an extra API call to retrieve the metadata.

       For many operations, the time the object was last uploaded to the remote is sufficient  to
       determine  if  it  is “dirty”.  By using --update along with --use-server-modtime, you can
       avoid the extra API call and simply upload files whose local modtime  is  newer  than  the
       time it was last uploaded.

   Modified time
       The  modified  time  is  stored  as metadata on the object as X-Amz-Meta-Mtime as floating
       point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns.

       If the modification time needs to be updated rclone will attempt to perform a server  side
       copy to update the modification if the object can be copied in a single part.  In the case
       the object is larger than 5Gb or is in Glacier or Glacier Deep Archive storage the  object
       will be uploaded rather than copied.

   Cleanup
       If  you  run  rclone  cleanup  s3:bucket then it will remove all pending multipart uploads
       older than 24 hours.  You can use the -i flag to see exactly what it will do.  If you want
       more  control over the expiry date then run rclone backend cleanup s3:bucket -o max-age=1h
       to expire all uploads older than one hour.  You can  use  rclone  backend  list-multipart-
       uploads s3:bucket to see the pending multipart uploads.

   Restricted filename characters
       S3 allows any valid UTF-8 string as a key.

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as they
       can’t be used in XML.

       The following characters are replaced since these are problematic when  dealing  with  the
       REST API:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       /           0x2F        /

       The  encoding  will  also  encode these file names as they don’t seem to work with the SDK
       properly:

       File name   Replacement
       ────────────────────────
       .               .
       ..             ..

   Multipart uploads
       rclone supports multipart uploads with S3 which means that it can upload files bigger than
       5GB.

       Note  that files uploaded both with multipart upload and through crypt remotes do not have
       MD5 sums.

       rclone switches from single part uploads to multipart uploads at the  point  specified  by
       --s3-upload-cutoff.   This  can  be  a maximum of 5GB and a minimum of 0 (ie always upload
       multipart files).

       The chunk sizes used in the multipart upload are  specified  by  --s3-chunk-size  and  the
       number of chunks uploaded concurrently is specified by --s3-upload-concurrency.

       Multipart  uploads  will use --transfers * --s3-upload-concurrency * --s3-chunk-size extra
       memory.  Single part uploads to not use extra memory.

       Single part transfers can be faster than multipart transfers or slower depending  on  your
       latency from S3 - the more latency, the more likely single part transfers will be faster.

       Increasing  --s3-upload-concurrency will increase throughput (8 would be a sensible value)
       and  increasing  --s3-chunk-size  also  increases  throughput  (16M  would  be  sensible).
       Increasing  either  of  these will use more memory.  The default values are high enough to
       gain most of the possible performance without using too much memory.

   Buckets and Regions
       With Amazon S3 you can list buckets (rclone lsd) using any region, but you can only access
       the  content  of  a  bucket from the region it was created in.  If you attempt to access a
       bucket from the wrong region, you will get an error, incorrect region, the bucket  is  not
       in 'XXX' region.

   Authentication
       There  are  a  number  of  ways  to  supply rclone with a set of AWS credentials, with and
       without using the environment.

       The different authentication methods are tried in this order:

       • Directly in the rclone configuration file (env_auth = false in the config file):

         • access_key_id and secret_access_key are required.

         • session_token can be optionally set when using AWS STS.

       • Runtime configuration (env_auth = true in the config file):

         • Export the following environment variables before running rclone:

           • Access Key ID: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID or AWS_ACCESS_KEY

           • Secret Access Key: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY or AWS_SECRET_KEY

           • Session Token: AWS_SESSION_TOKEN (optional)

         • Or,  use  a   named   profile   (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-
           multiple-profiles.html):

           • Profile files are standard files used by AWS CLI tools

           • By  default it will use the profile in your home directory (eg ~/.aws/credentials on
             unix based systems) file and the “default” profile, to change set these  environment
             variables:

             • AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE to control which file.

             • AWS_PROFILE to control which profile to use.

         • Or, run rclone in an ECS task with an IAM role (AWS only).

         • Or, run rclone on an EC2 instance with an IAM role (AWS only).

         • Or,  run  rclone  in  an  EKS  pod  with an IAM role that is associated with a service
           account (AWS only).

       If none of these option actually end up providing rclone  with  AWS  credentials  then  S3
       interaction will be non-authenticated (see below).

   S3 Permissions
       When using the sync subcommand of rclone the following minimum permissions are required to
       be available on the bucket being written to:

       • ListBucket

       • DeleteObject

       • GetObject

       • PutObject

       • PutObjectACL

       When using the lsd subcommand, the ListAllMyBuckets permission is required.

       Example policy:

              {
                  "Version": "2012-10-17",
                  "Statement": [
                      {
                          "Effect": "Allow",
                          "Principal": {
                              "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::USER_SID:user/USER_NAME"
                          },
                          "Action": [
                              "s3:ListBucket",
                              "s3:DeleteObject",
                              "s3:GetObject",
                              "s3:PutObject",
                              "s3:PutObjectAcl"
                          ],
                          "Resource": [
                            "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME/*",
                            "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME"
                          ]
                      },
                      {
                          "Effect": "Allow",
                          "Action": "s3:ListAllMyBuckets",
                          "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::*"
                      }
                  ]
              }

       Notes on above:

       1. This is a policy that can be used when creating bucket.  It assumes that USER_NAME  has
          been created.

       2. The  Resource  entry must include both resource ARNs, as one implies the bucket and the
          other implies the bucket’s objects.

       For           reference,           here’s           an           Ansible            script
       (https://gist.github.com/ebridges/ebfc9042dd7c756cd101cfa807b7ae2b) that will generate one
       or more buckets that will work with rclone sync.

   Key Management System (KMS)
       If you are using server side encryption with KMS then you will  find  you  can’t  transfer
       small objects.  As a work-around you can use the --ignore-checksum flag.

       A      proper      fix      is      being      worked      on      in      issue     #1824
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1824).

   Glacier and Glacier Deep Archive
       You can upload objects using the glacier storage class or transition them to glacier using
       a    lifecycle    policy    (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-guide/create-
       lifecycle.html).  The bucket can still be synced or copied into normally,  but  if  rclone
       tries to access data from the glacier storage class you will see an error like below.

              2017/09/11 19:07:43 Failed to sync: failed to open source object: Object in GLACIER, restore first: path/to/file

       In   this  case  you  need  to  restore  (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-
       guide/restore-archived-objects.html) the object(s) in question before using rclone.

       Note that rclone only speaks the S3 API it does not speak the Glacier Vault API, so rclone
       cannot directly access Glacier Vaults.

   Standard Options
       Here  are  the standard options specific to s3 (Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Provider (AWS,
       Alibaba, Ceph, Digital Ocean, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio, Tencent COS, etc)).

   –s3-provider
       Choose your S3 provider.

       • Config: provider

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_PROVIDER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “AWS”

           • Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3

         • “Alibaba”

           • Alibaba Cloud Object Storage System (OSS) formerly Aliyun

         • “Ceph”

           • Ceph Object Storage

         • “DigitalOcean”

           • Digital Ocean Spaces

         • “Dreamhost”

           • Dreamhost DreamObjects

         • “IBMCOS”

           • IBM COS S3

         • “Minio”

           • Minio Object Storage

         • “Netease”

           • Netease Object Storage (NOS)

         • “Scaleway”

           • Scaleway Object Storage

         • “StackPath”

           • StackPath Object Storage

         • “TencentCOS”

           • Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS)

         • “Wasabi”

           • Wasabi Object Storage

         • “Other”

           • Any other S3 compatible provider

   –s3-env-auth
       Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta  data  if  no  env
       vars).  Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.

       • Config: env_auth

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENV_AUTH

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

       • Examples:

         • “false”

           • Enter AWS credentials in the next step

         • “true”

           • Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)

   –s3-access-key-id
       AWS Access Key ID.  Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.

       • Config: access_key_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –s3-secret-access-key
       AWS Secret Access Key (password) Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.

       • Config: secret_access_key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –s3-region
       Region to connect to.

       • Config: region

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_REGION

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “us-east-1”

           • The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure.

           • US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.

           • Leave location constraint empty.

         • “us-east-2”

           • US East (Ohio) Region

           • Needs location constraint us-east-2.

         • “us-west-1”

           • US West (Northern California) Region

           • Needs location constraint us-west-1.

         • “us-west-2”

           • US West (Oregon) Region

           • Needs location constraint us-west-2.

         • “ca-central-1”

           • Canada (Central) Region

           • Needs location constraint ca-central-1.

         • “eu-west-1”

           • EU (Ireland) Region

           • Needs location constraint EU or eu-west-1.

         • “eu-west-2”

           • EU (London) Region

           • Needs location constraint eu-west-2.

         • “eu-west-3”

           • EU (Paris) Region

           • Needs location constraint eu-west-3.

         • “eu-north-1”

           • EU (Stockholm) Region

           • Needs location constraint eu-north-1.

         • “eu-south-1”

           • EU (Milan) Region

           • Needs location constraint eu-south-1.

         • “eu-central-1”

           • EU (Frankfurt) Region

           • Needs location constraint eu-central-1.

         • “ap-southeast-1”

           • Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region

           • Needs location constraint ap-southeast-1.

         • “ap-southeast-2”

           • Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region

           • Needs location constraint ap-southeast-2.

         • “ap-northeast-1”

           • Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region

           • Needs location constraint ap-northeast-1.

         • “ap-northeast-2”

           • Asia Pacific (Seoul)

           • Needs location constraint ap-northeast-2.

         • “ap-northeast-3”

           • Asia Pacific (Osaka-Local)

           • Needs location constraint ap-northeast-3.

         • “ap-south-1”

           • Asia Pacific (Mumbai)

           • Needs location constraint ap-south-1.

         • “ap-east-1”

           • Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) Region

           • Needs location constraint ap-east-1.

         • “sa-east-1”

           • South America (Sao Paulo) Region

           • Needs location constraint sa-east-1.

         • “me-south-1”

           • Middle East (Bahrain) Region

           • Needs location constraint me-south-1.

         • “af-south-1”

           • Africa (Cape Town) Region

           • Needs location constraint af-south-1.

         • “cn-north-1”

           • China (Beijing) Region

           • Needs location constraint cn-north-1.

         • “cn-northwest-1”

           • China (Ningxia) Region

           • Needs location constraint cn-northwest-1.

         • “us-gov-east-1”

           • AWS GovCloud (US-East) Region

           • Needs location constraint us-gov-east-1.

         • “us-gov-west-1”

           • AWS GovCloud (US) Region

           • Needs location constraint us-gov-west-1.

   –s3-region
       Region to connect to.

       • Config: region

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_REGION

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “nl-ams”

           • Amsterdam, The Netherlands

         • “fr-par”

           • Paris, France

   –s3-region
       Region  to  connect  to.   Leave  blank  if you are using an S3 clone and you don’t have a
       region.

       • Config: region

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_REGION

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Use this if unsure.  Will use v4 signatures and an empty region.

         • “other-v2-signature”

           • Use this only if v4 signatures don’t work, eg pre Jewel/v10 CEPH.

   –s3-endpoint
       Endpoint for S3 API.  Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –s3-endpoint
       Endpoint for IBM COS S3 API.  Specify if using an IBM COS On Premise.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Cross Region Endpoint

         • “s3.dal.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Cross Region Dallas Endpoint

         • “s3.wdc.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Cross Region Washington DC Endpoint

         • “s3.sjc.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Cross Region San Jose Endpoint

         • “s3.private.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Cross Region Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.dal.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Cross Region Dallas Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.wdc.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Cross Region Washington DC Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.sjc.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Cross Region San Jose Private Endpoint

         • “s3.us-east.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Region East Endpoint

         • “s3.private.us-east.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Region East Private Endpoint

         • “s3.us-south.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Region South Endpoint

         • “s3.private.us-south.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • US Region South Private Endpoint

         • “s3.eu.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Cross Region Endpoint

         • “s3.fra.eu.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Cross Region Frankfurt Endpoint

         • “s3.mil.eu.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Cross Region Milan Endpoint

         • “s3.ams.eu.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Cross Region Amsterdam Endpoint

         • “s3.private.eu.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Cross Region Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.fra.eu.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Cross Region Frankfurt Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.mil.eu.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Cross Region Milan Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.ams.eu.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Cross Region Amsterdam Private Endpoint

         • “s3.eu-gb.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Great Britain Endpoint

         • “s3.private.eu-gb.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Great Britain Private Endpoint

         • “s3.eu-de.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Region DE Endpoint

         • “s3.private.eu-de.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • EU Region DE Private Endpoint

         • “s3.ap.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Cross Regional Endpoint

         • “s3.tok.ap.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Cross Regional Tokyo Endpoint

         • “s3.hkg.ap.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Cross Regional HongKong Endpoint

         • “s3.seo.ap.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Cross Regional Seoul Endpoint

         • “s3.private.ap.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Cross Regional Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.tok.ap.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Cross Regional Tokyo Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.hkg.ap.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Cross Regional HongKong Private Endpoint

         • “s3.private.seo.ap.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Cross Regional Seoul Private Endpoint

         • “s3.jp-tok.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Region Japan Endpoint

         • “s3.private.jp-tok.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Region Japan Private Endpoint

         • “s3.au-syd.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Region Australia Endpoint

         • “s3.private.au-syd.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • APAC Region Australia Private Endpoint

         • “s3.ams03.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Amsterdam Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.ams03.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Amsterdam Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.che01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Chennai Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.che01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Chennai Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.mel01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Melbourne Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.mel01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Melbourne Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.osl01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Oslo Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.osl01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Oslo Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.tor01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Toronto Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.tor01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Toronto Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.seo01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Seoul Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.seo01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Seoul Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.mon01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Montreal Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.mon01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Montreal Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.mex01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Mexico Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.mex01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Mexico Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.sjc04.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • San Jose Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.sjc04.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • San Jose Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.mil01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Milan Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.mil01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Milan Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.hkg02.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Hong Kong Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.hkg02.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Hong Kong Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.par01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Paris Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.par01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Paris Single Site Private Endpoint

         • “s3.sng01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Singapore Single Site Endpoint

         • “s3.private.sng01.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud”

           • Singapore Single Site Private Endpoint

   –s3-endpoint
       Endpoint for OSS API.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com”

           • East China 1 (Hangzhou)

         • “oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com”

           • East China 2 (Shanghai)

         • “oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com”

           • North China 1 (Qingdao)

         • “oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com”

           • North China 2 (Beijing)

         • “oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com”

           • North China 3 (Zhangjiakou)

         • “oss-cn-huhehaote.aliyuncs.com”

           • North China 5 (Huhehaote)

         • “oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com”

           • South China 1 (Shenzhen)

         • “oss-cn-hongkong.aliyuncs.com”

           • Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

         • “oss-us-west-1.aliyuncs.com”

           • US West 1 (Silicon Valley)

         • “oss-us-east-1.aliyuncs.com”

           • US East 1 (Virginia)

         • “oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com”

           • Southeast Asia Southeast 1 (Singapore)

         • “oss-ap-southeast-2.aliyuncs.com”

           • Asia Pacific Southeast 2 (Sydney)

         • “oss-ap-southeast-3.aliyuncs.com”

           • Southeast Asia Southeast 3 (Kuala Lumpur)

         • “oss-ap-southeast-5.aliyuncs.com”

           • Asia Pacific Southeast 5 (Jakarta)

         • “oss-ap-northeast-1.aliyuncs.com”

           • Asia Pacific Northeast 1 (Japan)

         • “oss-ap-south-1.aliyuncs.com”

           • Asia Pacific South 1 (Mumbai)

         • “oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com”

           • Central Europe 1 (Frankfurt)

         • “oss-eu-west-1.aliyuncs.com”

           • West Europe (London)

         • “oss-me-east-1.aliyuncs.com”

           • Middle East 1 (Dubai)

   –s3-endpoint
       Endpoint for Scaleway Object Storage.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “s3.nl-ams.scw.cloud”

           • Amsterdam Endpoint

         • “s3.fr-par.scw.cloud”

           • Paris Endpoint

   –s3-endpoint
       Endpoint for StackPath Object Storage.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “s3.us-east-2.stackpathstorage.com”

           • US East Endpoint

         • “s3.us-west-1.stackpathstorage.com”

           • US West Endpoint

         • “s3.eu-central-1.stackpathstorage.com”

           • EU Endpoint

   –s3-endpoint
       Endpoint for Tencent COS API.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com”

           • Beijing Region.

         • “cos.ap-nanjing.myqcloud.com”

           • Nanjing Region.

         • “cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com”

           • Shanghai Region.

         • “cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com”

           • Guangzhou Region.

         • “cos.ap-nanjing.myqcloud.com”

           • Nanjing Region.

         • “cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com”

           • Chengdu Region.

         • “cos.ap-chongqing.myqcloud.com”

           • Chongqing Region.

         • “cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com”

           • Hong Kong (China) Region.

         • “cos.ap-singapore.myqcloud.com”

           • Singapore Region.

         • “cos.ap-mumbai.myqcloud.com”

           • Mumbai Region.

         • “cos.ap-seoul.myqcloud.com”

           • Seoul Region.

         • “cos.ap-bangkok.myqcloud.com”

           • Bangkok Region.

         • “cos.ap-tokyo.myqcloud.com”

           • Tokyo Region.

         • “cos.na-siliconvalley.myqcloud.com”

           • Silicon Valley Region.

         • “cos.na-ashburn.myqcloud.com”

           • Virginia Region.

         • “cos.na-toronto.myqcloud.com”

           • Toronto Region.

         • “cos.eu-frankfurt.myqcloud.com”

           • Frankfurt Region.

         • “cos.eu-moscow.myqcloud.com”

           • Moscow Region.

         • “cos.accelerate.myqcloud.com”

           • Use Tencent COS Accelerate Endpoint.

   –s3-endpoint
       Endpoint for S3 API.  Required when using an S3 clone.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “objects-us-east-1.dream.io”

           • Dream Objects endpoint

         • “nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com”

           • Digital Ocean Spaces New York 3

         • “ams3.digitaloceanspaces.com”

           • Digital Ocean Spaces Amsterdam 3

         • “sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com”

           • Digital Ocean Spaces Singapore 1

         • “s3.wasabisys.com”

           • Wasabi US East endpoint

         • “s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com”

           • Wasabi US West endpoint

         • “s3.eu-central-1.wasabisys.com”

           • Wasabi EU Central endpoint

   –s3-location-constraint
       Location constraint - must be set to match the Region.  Used when creating buckets only.

       • Config: location_constraint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.

         • “us-east-2”

           • US East (Ohio) Region.

         • “us-west-1”

           • US West (Northern California) Region.

         • “us-west-2”

           • US West (Oregon) Region.

         • “ca-central-1”

           • Canada (Central) Region.

         • “eu-west-1”

           • EU (Ireland) Region.

         • “eu-west-2”

           • EU (London) Region.

         • “eu-west-3”

           • EU (Paris) Region.

         • “eu-north-1”

           • EU (Stockholm) Region.

         • “eu-south-1”

           • EU (Milan) Region.

         • “EU”

           • EU Region.

         • “ap-southeast-1”

           • Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region.

         • “ap-southeast-2”

           • Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region.

         • “ap-northeast-1”

           • Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region.

         • “ap-northeast-2”

           • Asia Pacific (Seoul) Region.

         • “ap-northeast-3”

           • Asia Pacific (Osaka-Local) Region.

         • “ap-south-1”

           • Asia Pacific (Mumbai) Region.

         • “ap-east-1”

           • Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) Region.

         • “sa-east-1”

           • South America (Sao Paulo) Region.

         • “me-south-1”

           • Middle East (Bahrain) Region.

         • “af-south-1”

           • Africa (Cape Town) Region.

         • “cn-north-1”

           • China (Beijing) Region

         • “cn-northwest-1”

           • China (Ningxia) Region.

         • “us-gov-east-1”

           • AWS GovCloud (US-East) Region.

         • “us-gov-west-1”

           • AWS GovCloud (US) Region.

   –s3-location-constraint
       Location constraint - must match endpoint when using IBM Cloud Public.  For  on-prem  COS,
       do not make a selection from this list, hit enter

       • Config: location_constraint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “us-standard”

           • US Cross Region Standard

         • “us-vault”

           • US Cross Region Vault

         • “us-cold”

           • US Cross Region Cold

         • “us-flex”

           • US Cross Region Flex

         • “us-east-standard”

           • US East Region Standard

         • “us-east-vault”

           • US East Region Vault

         • “us-east-cold”

           • US East Region Cold

         • “us-east-flex”

           • US East Region Flex

         • “us-south-standard”

           • US South Region Standard

         • “us-south-vault”

           • US South Region Vault

         • “us-south-cold”

           • US South Region Cold

         • “us-south-flex”

           • US South Region Flex

         • “eu-standard”

           • EU Cross Region Standard

         • “eu-vault”

           • EU Cross Region Vault

         • “eu-cold”

           • EU Cross Region Cold

         • “eu-flex”

           • EU Cross Region Flex

         • “eu-gb-standard”

           • Great Britain Standard

         • “eu-gb-vault”

           • Great Britain Vault

         • “eu-gb-cold”

           • Great Britain Cold

         • “eu-gb-flex”

           • Great Britain Flex

         • “ap-standard”

           • APAC Standard

         • “ap-vault”

           • APAC Vault

         • “ap-cold”

           • APAC Cold

         • “ap-flex”

           • APAC Flex

         • “mel01-standard”

           • Melbourne Standard

         • “mel01-vault”

           • Melbourne Vault

         • “mel01-cold”

           • Melbourne Cold

         • “mel01-flex”

           • Melbourne Flex

         • “tor01-standard”

           • Toronto Standard

         • “tor01-vault”

           • Toronto Vault

         • “tor01-cold”

           • Toronto Cold

         • “tor01-flex”

           • Toronto Flex

   –s3-location-constraint
       Location  constraint  -  must  be set to match the Region.  Leave blank if not sure.  Used
       when creating buckets only.

       • Config: location_constraint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –s3-acl
       Canned ACL used when creating buckets and storing or copying objects.

       This ACL is used for creating objects and if bucket_acl isn’t set,  for  creating  buckets
       too.

       For      more      info     visit     https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-
       overview.html#canned-acl

       Note that this ACL is applied when server side copying objects as S3 doesn’t copy the  ACL
       from the source but rather writes a fresh one.

       • Config: acl

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ACL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “default”

           • Owner gets Full_CONTROL.  No one else has access rights (default).

         • “private”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  No one else has access rights (default).

         • “public-read”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  The AllUsers group gets READ access.

         • “public-read-write”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access.

           • Granting this on a bucket is generally not recommended.

         • “authenticated-read”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access.

         • “bucket-owner-read”

           • Object owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  Bucket owner gets READ access.

           • If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it.

         • “bucket-owner-full-control”

           • Both the object owner and the bucket owner get FULL_CONTROL over the object.

           • If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it.

         • “private”

           • Owner  gets  FULL_CONTROL.   No  one  else has access rights (default).  This acl is
             available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise COS

         • “public-read”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.   The  AllUsers  group  gets  READ  access.   This  acl  is
             available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise IBM COS

         • “public-read-write”

           • Owner  gets  FULL_CONTROL.  The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access.  This acl
             is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), On-Premise IBM COS

         • “authenticated-read”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.   The  AuthenticatedUsers  group  gets  READ  access.   Not
             supported on Buckets.  This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra) and On-Premise IBM
             COS

   –s3-server-side-encryption
       The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.

       • Config: server_side_encryption

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • None

         • “AES256”

           • AES256

         • “aws:kms”

           • aws:kms

   –s3-sse-kms-key-id
       If using KMS ID you must provide the ARN of Key.

       • Config: sse_kms_key_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_KMS_KEY_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • None

         • "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:*"

           • arn:aws:kms:*

   –s3-storage-class
       The storage class to use when storing new objects in S3.

       • Config: storage_class

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_STORAGE_CLASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Default

         • “STANDARD”

           • Standard storage class

         • “REDUCED_REDUNDANCY”

           • Reduced redundancy storage class

         • “STANDARD_IA”

           • Standard Infrequent Access storage class

         • “ONEZONE_IA”

           • One Zone Infrequent Access storage class

         • “GLACIER”

           • Glacier storage class

         • “DEEP_ARCHIVE”

           • Glacier Deep Archive storage class

         • “INTELLIGENT_TIERING”

           • Intelligent-Tiering storage class

   –s3-storage-class
       The storage class to use when storing new objects in OSS.

       • Config: storage_class

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_STORAGE_CLASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Default

         • “STANDARD”

           • Standard storage class

         • “GLACIER”

           • Archive storage mode.

         • “STANDARD_IA”

           • Infrequent access storage mode.

   –s3-storage-class
       The storage class to use when storing new objects in Tencent COS.

       • Config: storage_class

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_STORAGE_CLASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Default

         • “STANDARD”

           • Standard storage class

         • “ARCHIVE”

           • Archive storage mode.

         • “STANDARD_IA”

           • Infrequent access storage mode.

   –s3-storage-class
       The storage class to use when storing new objects in S3.

       • Config: storage_class

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_STORAGE_CLASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Default

         • “STANDARD”

           • The Standard class for any upload; suitable for on-demand content like streaming  or
             CDN.

         • “GLACIER”

           • Archived  storage;  prices  are  lower,  but  it  needs  to  be restored first to be
             accessed.

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to s3 (Amazon S3 Compliant Storage  Provider  (AWS,
       Alibaba, Ceph, Digital Ocean, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio, Tencent COS, etc)).

   –s3-bucket-acl
       Canned ACL used when creating buckets.

       For      more      info     visit     https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-
       overview.html#canned-acl

       Note that this ACL is applied when only when creating buckets.  If it isn’t set then “acl”
       is used instead.

       • Config: bucket_acl

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_BUCKET_ACL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “private”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  No one else has access rights (default).

         • “public-read”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  The AllUsers group gets READ access.

         • “public-read-write”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access.

           • Granting this on a bucket is generally not recommended.

         • “authenticated-read”

           • Owner gets FULL_CONTROL.  The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access.

   –s3-sse-customer-algorithm
       If using SSE-C, the server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.

       • Config: sse_customer_algorithm

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_ALGORITHM

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • None

         • “AES256”

           • AES256

   –s3-sse-customer-key
       If  using  SSE-C  you  must provide the secret encryption key used to encrypt/decrypt your
       data.

       • Config: sse_customer_key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • None

   –s3-sse-customer-key-md5
       If using SSE-C you must provide the secret encryption key MD5 checksum.

       • Config: sse_customer_key_md5

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_KEY_MD5

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • None

   –s3-upload-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to chunked upload

       Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of chunk_size.  The minimum is 0 and
       the maximum is 5GB.

       • Config: upload_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_UPLOAD_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 200M

   –s3-chunk-size
       Chunk size to use for uploading.

       When uploading files larger than upload_cutoff or files with unknown size (eg from “rclone
       rcat” or uploaded with “rclone mount” or google  photos  or  google  docs)  they  will  be
       uploaded as multipart uploads using this chunk size.

       Note  that  “–s3-upload-concurrency”  chunks  of  this  size  are  buffered  in memory per
       transfer.

       If you are transferring large files over high speed links and you have enough memory, then
       increasing this will speed up the transfers.

       Rclone  will  automatically  increase  the chunk size when uploading a large file of known
       size to stay below the 10,000 chunks limit.

       Files of unknown size are uploaded with the  configured  chunk_size.   Since  the  default
       chunk  size  is 5MB and there can be at most 10,000 chunks, this means that by default the
       maximum size of file you can stream upload is 48GB.  If you wish to stream  upload  larger
       files then you will need to increase chunk_size.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 5M

   –s3-max-upload-parts
       Maximum number of parts in a multipart upload.

       This  option  defines the maximum number of multipart chunks to use when doing a multipart
       upload.

       This can be useful if a service does not  support  the  AWS  S3  specification  of  10,000
       chunks.

       Rclone  will  automatically increase the chunk size when uploading a large file of a known
       size to stay below this number of chunks limit.

       • Config: max_upload_parts

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_MAX_UPLOAD_PARTS

       • Type: int

       • Default: 10000

   –s3-copy-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to multipart copy

       Any files larger than this that need to be server side copied will be copied in chunks  of
       this size.

       The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 5GB.

       • Config: copy_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_COPY_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 4.656G

   –s3-disable-checksum
       Don’t store MD5 checksum with object metadata

       Normally rclone will calculate the MD5 checksum of the input before uploading it so it can
       add it to metadata on the object.  This is great for data integrity checking but can cause
       long delays for large files to start uploading.

       • Config: disable_checksum

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_DISABLE_CHECKSUM

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –s3-shared-credentials-file
       Path to the shared credentials file

       If env_auth = true then rclone can use a shared credentials file.

       If  this  variable  is  empty  rclone  will look for the “AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE” env
       variable.  If the env value is empty it will default to the current user’s home directory.

              Linux/OSX: "$HOME/.aws/credentials"
              Windows:   "%USERPROFILE%\.aws\credentials"

       • Config: shared_credentials_file

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –s3-profile
       Profile to use in the shared credentials file

       If env_auth = true then rclone can use a shared credentials file.  This variable  controls
       which profile is used in that file.

       If  empty  it  will default to the environment variable “AWS_PROFILE” or “default” if that
       environment variable is also not set.

       • Config: profile

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_PROFILE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –s3-session-token
       An AWS session token

       • Config: session_token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SESSION_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –s3-upload-concurrency
       Concurrency for multipart uploads.

       This is the number of chunks of the same file that are uploaded concurrently.

       If you are uploading small numbers of large file over high speed link and these uploads do
       not fully utilize your bandwidth, then increasing this may help to speed up the transfers.

       • Config: upload_concurrency

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY

       • Type: int

       • Default: 4

   –s3-force-path-style
       If true use path style access if false use virtual hosted style.

       If this is true (the default) then rclone will use path style access, if false then rclone
       will     use     virtual     path     style.       See      the      AWS      S3      docs
       (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingBucket.html#access-bucket-intro) for
       more info.

       Some providers (eg AWS, Aliyun OSS, Netease COS or Tencent COS) require this set to  false
       - rclone will do this automatically based on the provider setting.

       • Config: force_path_style

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: true

   –s3-v2-auth
       If true use v2 authentication.

       If  this is false (the default) then rclone will use v4 authentication.  If it is set then
       rclone will use v2 authentication.

       Use this only if v4 signatures don’t work, eg pre Jewel/v10 CEPH.

       • Config: v2_auth

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_V2_AUTH

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –s3-use-accelerate-endpoint
       If true use the AWS S3 accelerated endpoint.

       See:               AWS               S3               Transfer                acceleration
       (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/transfer-acceleration-examples.html)

       • Config: use_accelerate_endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_USE_ACCELERATE_ENDPOINT

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –s3-leave-parts-on-error
       If  true  avoid calling abort upload on a failure, leaving all successfully uploaded parts
       on S3 for manual recovery.

       It should be set to true for resuming uploads across different sessions.

       WARNING: Storing parts of an incomplete multipart upload counts towards space usage on  S3
       and will add additional costs if not cleaned up.

       • Config: leave_parts_on_error

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LEAVE_PARTS_ON_ERROR

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –s3-list-chunk
       Size of listing chunk (response list for each ListObject S3 request).

       This  option  is  also  known  as  “MaxKeys”,  “max-items”, or “page-size” from the AWS S3
       specification.  Most services truncate the response list to 1000 objects even if requested
       more  than  that.   In  AWS  S3 this is a global maximum and cannot be changed, see AWS S3
       (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/s3/ls.html).   In  Ceph,  this  can   be
       increased with the “rgw list buckets max chunk” option.

       • Config: list_chunk

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LIST_CHUNK

       • Type: int

       • Default: 1000

   –s3-no-check-bucket
       If set don’t attempt to check the bucket exists or create it

       This  can  be useful when trying to minimise the number of transactions rclone does if you
       know the bucket exists already.

       • Config: no_check_bucket

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_NO_CHECK_BUCKET

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –s3-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   –s3-memory-pool-flush-time
       How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed.  Uploads which requires additional
       buffers (f.e multipart) will use memory pool for allocations.  This  option  controls  how
       often unused buffers will be removed from the pool.

       • Config: memory_pool_flush_time

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_MEMORY_POOL_FLUSH_TIME

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 1m0s

   –s3-memory-pool-use-mmap
       Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool.

       • Config: memory_pool_use_mmap

       • Env Var: RCLONE_S3_MEMORY_POOL_USE_MMAP

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Backend commands
       Here are the commands specific to the s3 backend.

       Run them with

              rclone backend COMMAND remote:

       The help below will explain what arguments each command takes.

       See  the  “rclone  backend” command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_backend/) for more
       info on how to pass options and arguments.

       These  can  be  run  on  a  running  backend  using   the   rc   command   backend/command
       (https://rclone.org/rc/#backend/command).

   restore
       Restore objects from GLACIER to normal storage

              rclone backend restore remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This command can be used to restore one or more objects from GLACIER to normal storage.

       Usage Examples:

              rclone backend restore s3:bucket/path/to/object [-o priority=PRIORITY] [-o lifetime=DAYS]
              rclone backend restore s3:bucket/path/to/directory [-o priority=PRIORITY] [-o lifetime=DAYS]
              rclone backend restore s3:bucket [-o priority=PRIORITY] [-o lifetime=DAYS]

       This flag also obeys the filters.  Test first with -i/–interactive or –dry-run flags

              rclone -i backend restore --include "*.txt" s3:bucket/path -o priority=Standard

       All the objects shown will be marked for restore, then

              rclone backend restore --include "*.txt" s3:bucket/path -o priority=Standard

       It  returns a list of status dictionaries with Remote and Status keys.  The Status will be
       OK if it was successfull or an error message if not.

              [
                  {
                      "Status": "OK",
                      "Path": "test.txt"
                  },
                  {
                      "Status": "OK",
                      "Path": "test/file4.txt"
                  }
              ]

       Options:

       • “description”: The optional description for the job.

       • “lifetime”: Lifetime of the active copy in days

       • “priority”: Priority of restore: Standard|Expedited|Bulk

   list-multipart-uploads
       List the unfinished multipart uploads

              rclone backend list-multipart-uploads remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This command lists the unfinished multipart uploads in JSON format.

              rclone backend list-multipart s3:bucket/path/to/object

       It returns a dictionary of buckets with values as lists of unfinished multipart uploads.

       You can call it with no bucket in which case it lists all bucket, with a bucket or with  a
       bucket and path.

              {
                "rclone": [
                  {
                    "Initiated": "2020-06-26T14:20:36Z",
                    "Initiator": {
                      "DisplayName": "XXX",
                      "ID": "arn:aws:iam::XXX:user/XXX"
                    },
                    "Key": "KEY",
                    "Owner": {
                      "DisplayName": null,
                      "ID": "XXX"
                    },
                    "StorageClass": "STANDARD",
                    "UploadId": "XXX"
                  }
                ],
                "rclone-1000files": [],
                "rclone-dst": []
              }

   cleanup
       Remove unfinished multipart uploads.

              rclone backend cleanup remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This  command  removes  unfinished  multipart  uploads  of  age greater than max-age which
       defaults to 24 hours.

       Note that you can use -i/–dry-run with this command to see what it would do.

              rclone backend cleanup s3:bucket/path/to/object
              rclone backend cleanup -o max-age=7w s3:bucket/path/to/object

       Durations are parsed as per the rest of rclone, 2h, 7d, 7w etc.

       Options:

       • “max-age”: Max age of upload to delete

   Anonymous access to public buckets
       If you want to use rclone to access a public bucket, configure with a blank  access_key_id
       and secret_access_key.  Your config should end up looking like this:

              [anons3]
              type = s3
              provider = AWS
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id =
              secret_access_key =
              region = us-east-1
              endpoint =
              location_constraint =
              acl = private
              server_side_encryption =
              storage_class =

       Then use it as normal with the name of the public bucket, eg

              rclone lsd anons3:1000genomes

       You will be able to list and copy data but not upload it.

   Ceph
       Ceph  (https://ceph.com/)  is  an open source unified, distributed storage system designed
       for excellent performance, reliability and scalability.  It has an  S3  compatible  object
       storage interface.

       To  use  rclone  with  Ceph,  configure  as  above  but leave the region blank and set the
       endpoint.  You should end up with something like this in your config:

              [ceph]
              type = s3
              provider = Ceph
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = XXX
              secret_access_key = YYY
              region =
              endpoint = https://ceph.endpoint.example.com
              location_constraint =
              acl =
              server_side_encryption =
              storage_class =

       If you are using an older version of CEPH, eg 10.2.x Jewel, then you may  need  to  supply
       the  parameter  --s3-upload-cutoff  0 or put this in the config file as upload_cutoff 0 to
       work around a bug which causes uploading of small files to fail.

       Note also that Ceph sometimes puts / in the passwords it gives users.   If  you  read  the
       secret access key using the command line tools you will get a JSON blob with the / escaped
       as \/.  Make sure you only write / in the secret access key.

       Eg the dump from Ceph looks something like this (irrelevant keys removed).

              {
                  "user_id": "xxx",
                  "display_name": "xxxx",
                  "keys": [
                      {
                          "user": "xxx",
                          "access_key": "xxxxxx",
                          "secret_key": "xxxxxx\/xxxx"
                      }
                  ],
              }

       Because this is a json dump, it is encoding the / as \/, so if you use the secret  key  as
       xxxxxx/xxxx it will work fine.

   Dreamhost
       Dreamhost  DreamObjects  (https://www.dreamhost.com/cloud/storage/)  is  an object storage
       system based on CEPH.

       To use rclone with Dreamhost, configure as above but leave the region blank  and  set  the
       endpoint.  You should end up with something like this in your config:

              [dreamobjects]
              type = s3
              provider = DreamHost
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = your_access_key
              secret_access_key = your_secret_key
              region =
              endpoint = objects-us-west-1.dream.io
              location_constraint =
              acl = private
              server_side_encryption =
              storage_class =

   DigitalOcean Spaces
       Spaces   (https://www.digitalocean.com/products/object-storage/)  is  an  S3-interoperable
       (https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/spaces/) object  storage  service  from
       cloud provider DigitalOcean.

       To  connect  to DigitalOcean Spaces you will need an access key and secret key.  These can
       be         retrieved         on         the          “Applications          &          API
       (https://cloud.digitalocean.com/settings/api/tokens)”  page  of  the  DigitalOcean control
       panel.  They will be needed when prompted by rclone  config  for  your  access_key_id  and
       secret_access_key.

       When  prompted  for a region or location_constraint, press enter to use the default value.
       The region must be included in the  endpoint  setting  (e.g. nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com).
       The default values can be used for other settings.

       Going  through  the  whole process of creating a new remote by running rclone config, each
       prompt should be answered as shown below:

              Storage> s3
              env_auth> 1
              access_key_id> YOUR_ACCESS_KEY
              secret_access_key> YOUR_SECRET_KEY
              region>
              endpoint> nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com
              location_constraint>
              acl>
              storage_class>

       The resulting configuration file should look like:

              [spaces]
              type = s3
              provider = DigitalOcean
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = YOUR_ACCESS_KEY
              secret_access_key = YOUR_SECRET_KEY
              region =
              endpoint = nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com
              location_constraint =
              acl =
              server_side_encryption =
              storage_class =

       Once configured, you can create a new Space and begin copying files.  For example:

              rclone mkdir spaces:my-new-space
              rclone copy /path/to/files spaces:my-new-space

   IBM COS (S3)
       Information stored with IBM  Cloud  Object  Storage  is  encrypted  and  dispersed  across
       multiple geographic locations, and accessed through an implementation of the S3 API.  This
       service makes use of the distributed storage technologies provided by IBM’s  Cloud  Object
       Storage     System     (formerly     Cleversafe).     For    more    information    visit:
       (http://www.ibm.com/cloud/object-storage)

       To configure access to IBM COS S3, follow the steps below:

       1. Run rclone config and select n for a new remote.

              2018/02/14 14:13:11 NOTICE: Config file "C:\\Users\\a\\.config\\rclone\\rclone.conf" not found - using defaults
              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n

       2. Enter the name for the configuration

              name> <YOUR NAME>

       3. Select “s3” storage.

          Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              1 / Alias for an existing remote
              \ "alias"
              2 / Amazon Drive
              \ "amazon cloud drive"
              3 / Amazon S3 Complaint Storage Providers (Dreamhost, Ceph, Minio, IBM COS)
              \ "s3"
              4 / Backblaze B2
              \ "b2"
          [snip]
              23 / http Connection
              \ "http"
          Storage> 3

       4. Select IBM COS as the S3 Storage Provider.

          Choose the S3 provider.
          Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Choose this option to configure Storage to AWS S3
                 \ "AWS"
               2 / Choose this option to configure Storage to Ceph Systems
               \ "Ceph"
               3 /  Choose this option to configure Storage to Dreamhost
               \ "Dreamhost"
             4 / Choose this option to the configure Storage to IBM COS S3
               \ "IBMCOS"
               5 / Choose this option to the configure Storage to Minio
               \ "Minio"
               Provider>4

       5. Enter the Access Key and Secret.

              AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              access_key_id> <>
              AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              secret_access_key> <>

       6. Specify the endpoint for IBM COS.  For Public IBM COS, choose from  the  option  below.
          For On Premise IBM COS, enter an enpoint address.

              Endpoint for IBM COS S3 API.
              Specify if using an IBM COS On Premise.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / US Cross Region Endpoint
                 \ "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
               2 / US Cross Region Dallas Endpoint
                 \ "s3-api.dal.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
               3 / US Cross Region Washington DC Endpoint
                 \ "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
               4 / US Cross Region San Jose Endpoint
                 \ "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
               5 / US Cross Region Private Endpoint
                 \ "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
               6 / US Cross Region Dallas Private Endpoint
                 \ "s3-api.dal-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
               7 / US Cross Region Washington DC Private Endpoint
                 \ "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
               8 / US Cross Region San Jose Private Endpoint
                 \ "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
               9 / US Region East Endpoint
                 \ "s3.us-east.objectstorage.softlayer.net"
              10 / US Region East Private Endpoint
                 \ "s3.us-east.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
              11 / US Region South Endpoint
          [snip]
              34 / Toronto Single Site Private Endpoint
                 \ "s3.tor01.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com"
              endpoint>1

       7. Specify  a  IBM  COS  Location Constraint.  The location constraint must match endpoint
          when using IBM Cloud Public.  For on-prem COS, do not make a selection from this  list,
          hit enter

               1 / US Cross Region Standard
                 \ "us-standard"
               2 / US Cross Region Vault
                 \ "us-vault"
               3 / US Cross Region Cold
                 \ "us-cold"
               4 / US Cross Region Flex
                 \ "us-flex"
               5 / US East Region Standard
                 \ "us-east-standard"
               6 / US East Region Vault
                 \ "us-east-vault"
               7 / US East Region Cold
                 \ "us-east-cold"
               8 / US East Region Flex
                 \ "us-east-flex"
               9 / US South Region Standard
                 \ "us-south-standard"
              10 / US South Region Vault
                 \ "us-south-vault"
          [snip]
              32 / Toronto Flex
                 \ "tor01-flex"
          location_constraint>1

       9. Specify  a canned ACL.  IBM Cloud (Strorage) supports “public-read” and “private”.  IBM
          Cloud(Infra) supports all the canned ACLs.  On-Premise  COS  supports  all  the  canned
          ACLs.

          Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
          For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl
          Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
                1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise COS
                \ "private"
                2  / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise IBM COS
                \ "public-read"
                3 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), On-Premise IBM COS
                \ "public-read-write"
                4  / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access. Not supported on Buckets. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra) and On-Premise IBM COS
                \ "authenticated-read"
          acl> 1

       12. Review  the  displayed  configuration  and accept to save the “remote” then quit.  The
           config file should look like this

               [xxx]
               type = s3
               Provider = IBMCOS
               access_key_id = xxx
               secret_access_key = yyy
               endpoint = s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net
               location_constraint = us-standard
               acl = private

       13. Execute rclone commands

               1)  Create a bucket.
                   rclone mkdir IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket
               2)  List available buckets.
                   rclone lsd IBM-COS-XREGION:
                   -1 2017-11-08 21:16:22        -1 test
                   -1 2018-02-14 20:16:39        -1 newbucket
               3)  List contents of a bucket.
                   rclone ls IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket
                   18685952 test.exe
               4)  Copy a file from local to remote.
                   rclone copy /Users/file.txt IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket
               5)  Copy a file from remote to local.
                   rclone copy IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket/file.txt .
               6)  Delete a file on remote.
                   rclone delete IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket/file.txt

   Minio
       Minio (https://minio.io/)  is  an  object  storage  server  built  for  cloud  application
       developers and devops.

       It  is  very  easy  to  install  and provides an S3 compatible server which can be used by
       rclone.

       To     use     it,     install     Minio     following     the      instructions      here
       (https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-quickstart-guide).

       When it configures itself Minio will print something like this

              Endpoint:  http://192.168.1.106:9000  http://172.23.0.1:9000
              AccessKey: USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
              SecretKey: MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
              Region:    us-east-1
              SQS ARNs:  arn:minio:sqs:us-east-1:1:redis arn:minio:sqs:us-east-1:2:redis

              Browser Access:
                 http://192.168.1.106:9000  http://172.23.0.1:9000

              Command-line Access: https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide
                 $ mc config host add myminio http://192.168.1.106:9000 USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03

              Object API (Amazon S3 compatible):
                 Go:         https://docs.minio.io/docs/golang-client-quickstart-guide
                 Java:       https://docs.minio.io/docs/java-client-quickstart-guide
                 Python:     https://docs.minio.io/docs/python-client-quickstart-guide
                 JavaScript: https://docs.minio.io/docs/javascript-client-quickstart-guide
                 .NET:       https://docs.minio.io/docs/dotnet-client-quickstart-guide

              Drive Capacity: 26 GiB Free, 165 GiB Total

       These  details  need to go into rclone config like this.  Note that it is important to put
       the region in as stated above.

              env_auth> 1
              access_key_id> USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
              secret_access_key> MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
              region> us-east-1
              endpoint> http://192.168.1.106:9000
              location_constraint>
              server_side_encryption>

       Which makes the config file look like this

              [minio]
              type = s3
              provider = Minio
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE
              secret_access_key = MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03
              region = us-east-1
              endpoint = http://192.168.1.106:9000
              location_constraint =
              server_side_encryption =

       So once set up, for example to copy files into a bucket

              rclone copy /path/to/files minio:bucket

   Scaleway
       Scaleway (https://www.scaleway.com/object-storage/) The Object Storage platform allows you
       to store anything from backups, logs and web assets to documents and photos.  Files can be
       dropped from the Scaleway console or transferred through our API  and  CLI  or  using  any
       S3-compatible tool.

       Scaleway provides an S3 interface which can be configured for use with rclone like this:

              [scaleway]
              type = s3
              provider = Scaleway
              env_auth = false
              endpoint = s3.nl-ams.scw.cloud
              access_key_id = SCWXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
              secret_access_key = 1111111-2222-3333-44444-55555555555555
              region = nl-ams
              location_constraint =
              acl = private
              server_side_encryption =
              storage_class =

   Wasabi
       Wasabi  (https://wasabi.com)  is a cloud-based object storage service for a broad range of
       applications and use cases.  Wasabi is designed for  individuals  and  organizations  that
       require  a  high-performance,  reliable, and secure data storage infrastructure at minimal
       cost.

       Wasabi provides an S3 interface which can be configured for use with rclone like this.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              n/s> n
              name> wasabi
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph, Minio)
                 \ "s3"
              [snip]
              Storage> s3
              Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step
                 \ "false"
               2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
                 \ "true"
              env_auth> 1
              AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              access_key_id> YOURACCESSKEY
              AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              secret_access_key> YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
              Region to connect to.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
                 / The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure.
               1 | US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
                 | Leave location constraint empty.
                 \ "us-east-1"
              [snip]
              region> us-east-1
              Endpoint for S3 API.
              Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region.
              Specify if using an S3 clone such as Ceph.
              endpoint> s3.wasabisys.com
              Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
                 \ ""
              [snip]
              location_constraint>
              Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
              For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default).
                 \ "private"
              [snip]
              acl>
              The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / None
                 \ ""
               2 / AES256
                 \ "AES256"
              server_side_encryption>
              The storage class to use when storing objects in S3.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Default
                 \ ""
               2 / Standard storage class
                 \ "STANDARD"
               3 / Reduced redundancy storage class
                 \ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
               4 / Standard Infrequent Access storage class
                 \ "STANDARD_IA"
              storage_class>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [wasabi]
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = YOURACCESSKEY
              secret_access_key = YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
              region = us-east-1
              endpoint = s3.wasabisys.com
              location_constraint =
              acl =
              server_side_encryption =
              storage_class =
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       This will leave the config file looking like this.

              [wasabi]
              type = s3
              provider = Wasabi
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = YOURACCESSKEY
              secret_access_key = YOURSECRETACCESSKEY
              region =
              endpoint = s3.wasabisys.com
              location_constraint =
              acl =
              server_side_encryption =
              storage_class =

   Alibaba OSS
       Here    is    an    example    of    making    an    Alibaba    Cloud     (Aliyun)     OSS
       (https://www.alibabacloud.com/product/oss/) configuration.  First run:

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> oss
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
               4 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Provider (AWS, Alibaba, Ceph, Digital Ocean, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio, etc)
                 \ "s3"
              [snip]
              Storage> s3
              Choose your S3 provider.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3
                 \ "AWS"
               2 / Alibaba Cloud Object Storage System (OSS) formerly Aliyun
                 \ "Alibaba"
               3 / Ceph Object Storage
                 \ "Ceph"
              [snip]
              provider> Alibaba
              Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars).
              Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
              Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step
                 \ "false"
               2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
                 \ "true"
              env_auth> 1
              AWS Access Key ID.
              Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              access_key_id> accesskeyid
              AWS Secret Access Key (password)
              Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              secret_access_key> secretaccesskey
              Endpoint for OSS API.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / East China 1 (Hangzhou)
                 \ "oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
               2 / East China 2 (Shanghai)
                 \ "oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com"
               3 / North China 1 (Qingdao)
                 \ "oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com"
              [snip]
              endpoint> 1
              Canned ACL used when creating buckets and storing or copying objects.

              Note that this ACL is applied when server side copying objects as S3
              doesn't copy the ACL from the source but rather writes a fresh one.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default).
                 \ "private"
               2 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access.
                 \ "public-read"
                 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access.
              [snip]
              acl> 1
              The storage class to use when storing new objects in OSS.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Default
                 \ ""
               2 / Standard storage class
                 \ "STANDARD"
               3 / Archive storage mode.
                 \ "GLACIER"
               4 / Infrequent access storage mode.
                 \ "STANDARD_IA"
              storage_class> 1
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [oss]
              type = s3
              provider = Alibaba
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = accesskeyid
              secret_access_key = secretaccesskey
              endpoint = oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
              acl = private
              storage_class = Standard
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

   Tencent COS
       Tencent  Cloud  Object  Storage  (COS)  (https://intl.cloud.tencent.com/product/cos)  is a
       distributed storage service offered by Tencent Cloud for unstructured data.  It is secure,
       stable, massive, convenient, low-delay and low-cost.

       To configure access to Tencent COS, follow the steps below:

       1. Run rclone config and select n for a new remote.

          rclone config
          No remotes found - make a new one
          n) New remote
          s) Set configuration password
          q) Quit config
          n/s/q> n

       2. Give the name of the configuration.  For example, name it `cos'.

          name> cos

       3. Select s3 storage.

          Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
          1 / 1Fichier
             \ "fichier"
           2 / Alias for an existing remote
             \ "alias"
           3 / Amazon Drive
             \ "amazon cloud drive"
           4 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Provider (AWS, Alibaba, Ceph, Digital Ocean, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio, Tencent COS, etc)
             \ "s3"
          [snip]
          Storage> s3

       4. Select TencentCOS provider.

          Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
          1 / Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3
             \ "AWS"
          [snip]
          11 / Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS)
             \ "TencentCOS"
          [snip]
          provider> TencentCOS

       5. Enter your SecretId and SecretKey of Tencent Cloud.

          Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars).
          Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
          Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
          Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
           1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step
             \ "false"
           2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
             \ "true"
          env_auth> 1
          AWS Access Key ID.
          Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
          Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
          access_key_id> AKIDxxxxxxxxxx
          AWS Secret Access Key (password)
          Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
          Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
          secret_access_key> xxxxxxxxxxx

       6. Select endpoint for Tencent COS.  This is the standard endpoint for different region.

           1 / Beijing Region.
             \ "cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com"
           2 / Nanjing Region.
             \ "cos.ap-nanjing.myqcloud.com"
           3 / Shanghai Region.
             \ "cos.ap-shanghai.myqcloud.com"
           4 / Guangzhou Region.
             \ "cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com"
          [snip]
          endpoint> 4

       7. Choose acl and storage class.

          Note that this ACL is applied when server side copying objects as S3
          doesn't copy the ACL from the source but rather writes a fresh one.
          Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
          Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
           1 / Owner gets Full_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default).
             \ "default"
          [snip]
          acl> 1
          The storage class to use when storing new objects in Tencent COS.
          Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
          Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
           1 / Default
             \ ""
          [snip]
          storage_class> 1
          Edit advanced config? (y/n)
          y) Yes
          n) No (default)
          y/n> n
          Remote config
          --------------------
          [cos]
          type = s3
          provider = TencentCOS
          env_auth = false
          access_key_id = xxx
          secret_access_key = xxx
          endpoint = cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com
          acl = default
          --------------------
          y) Yes this is OK (default)
          e) Edit this remote
          d) Delete this remote
          y/e/d> y
          Current remotes:

          Name                 Type
          ====                 ====
          cos                  s3

   Netease NOS
       For  Netease  NOS  configure  as  per  the configurator rclone config setting the provider
       Netease.  This will automatically set force_path_style = false which is necessary  for  it
       to run properly.

   Backblaze B2
       B2 is Backblaze’s cloud storage system (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/).

       Paths  are  specified  as  remote:bucket  (or  remote:  for  the lsd command.) You may put
       subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.

       Here is an example of making a b2 configuration.  First run

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process.  To authenticate you will either
       need  your  Account ID (a short hex number) and Master Application Key (a long hex number)
       OR an Application Key, which is the recommended method.  See below for further details  on
       generating and using an Application Key.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              q) Quit config
              n/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Backblaze B2
                 \ "b2"
              [snip]
              Storage> b2
              Account ID or Application Key ID
              account> 123456789abc
              Application Key
              key> 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
              Endpoint for the service - leave blank normally.
              endpoint>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              account = 123456789abc
              key = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
              endpoint =
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       This remote is called remote and can now be used like this

       See all buckets

              rclone lsd remote:

       Create a new bucket

              rclone mkdir remote:bucket

       List the contents of a bucket

              rclone ls remote:bucket

       Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess files in the bucket.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:bucket

   Application Keys
       B2  supports  multiple  Application  Keys  for  different  access permission to B2 Buckets
       (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/application_keys.html).

       You can use these with rclone too; you will need to use rclone version 1.43 or later.

       Follow Backblaze’s docs to create an Application Key with the required permission and  add
       the applicationKeyId as the account and the Application Key itself as the key.

       Note  that  you  must  put  the applicationKeyId as the account – you can’t use the master
       Account ID.  If you try then B2 will return 401 errors.

   –fast-list
       This remote supports --fast-list which allows you to use fewer  transactions  in  exchange
       for  more  memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list) for more
       details.

   Modified time
       The   modified   time   is   stored   as   metadata   on   the   object   as    X-Bz-Info-
       src_last_modified_millis  as  milliseconds  since  1970-01-01  in  the Backblaze standard.
       Other tools should be able to use this as a modified time.

       Modified times are used in syncing and are fully supported.  Note that if  a  modification
       time needs to be updated on an object then it will create a new version of the object.

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       \           0x5C        \

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

       Note that in 2020-05 Backblaze started allowing  characters in file names.  Rclone  hasn’t
       changed  its  encoding as this could cause syncs to re-transfer files.  If you want rclone
       not to replace  then see the --b2-encoding flag below and remove the  BackSlash  from  the
       string.  This can be set in the config.

   SHA1 checksums
       The SHA1 checksums of the files are checked on upload and download and will be used in the
       syncing process.

       Large files (bigger than the limit in --b2-upload-cutoff) which  are  uploaded  in  chunks
       will  store  their  SHA1  on  the  object  as  X-Bz-Info-large_file_sha1 as recommended by
       Backblaze.

       For a large file to be uploaded with an SHA1 checksum, the source needs  to  support  SHA1
       checksums.  The local disk supports SHA1 checksums so large file transfers from local disk
       will have an SHA1.  See the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#features)  for  exactly
       which remotes support SHA1.

       Sources which don’t support SHA1, in particular crypt will upload large files without SHA1
       checksums.      This     may     be     fixed     in     the     future     (see     #1767
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1767)).

       Files sizes below --b2-upload-cutoff will always have an SHA1 regardless of the source.

   Transfers
       Backblaze  recommends  that you do lots of transfers simultaneously for maximum speed.  In
       tests from my SSD equipped laptop the optimum  setting  is  about  --transfers  32  though
       higher numbers may be used for a slight speed improvement.  The optimum number for you may
       vary depending on your hardware, how big the files are, how much you  want  to  load  your
       computer,  etc.   The  default  of  --transfers  4  is definitely too low for Backblaze B2
       though.

       Note that uploading big files (bigger than 200 MB by default) will use a 96 MB RAM  buffer
       by  default.  There can be at most --transfers of these in use at any moment, so this sets
       the upper limit on the memory used.

   Versions
       When  rclone  uploads  a  new  version  of  a  file  it  creates  a  new  version  of   it
       (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/file_versions.html).   Likewise when you delete a file,
       the old version will be marked hidden and still be available.  Conversely, you may opt  in
       to  a “hard delete” of files with the --b2-hard-delete flag which would permanently remove
       the file instead of hiding it.

       Old versions of files, where available, are visible using the --b2-versions flag.

       NB  Note  that  --b2-versions  does  not   work   with   crypt   at   the   moment   #1627
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1627).              Using             –backup-dir
       (https://rclone.org/docs/#backup-dir-dir) with rclone is the recommended  way  of  working
       around this.

       If  you  wish  to  remove  all  the  old  versions  then  you  can  use the rclone cleanup
       remote:bucket command which will delete all the old versions of files, leaving the current
       ones  intact.   You  can  also supply a path and only old versions under that path will be
       deleted, eg rclone cleanup remote:bucket/path/to/stuff.

       Note that cleanup will remove partially uploaded files from the bucket if  they  are  more
       than a day old.

       When  you purge a bucket, the current and the old versions will be deleted then the bucket
       will be deleted.

       However delete will cause the current versions of the files to become hidden old versions.

       Here is a session showing the listing and retrieval  of  an  old  version  followed  by  a
       cleanup of the old versions.

       Show current version and all the versions with --b2-versions flag.

              $ rclone -q ls b2:cleanup-test
                      9 one.txt

              $ rclone -q --b2-versions ls b2:cleanup-test
                      9 one.txt
                      8 one-v2016-07-04-141032-000.txt
                     16 one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt
                     15 one-v2016-07-02-155621-000.txt

       Retrieve an old version

              $ rclone -q --b2-versions copy b2:cleanup-test/one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt /tmp

              $ ls -l /tmp/one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt
              -rw-rw-r-- 1 ncw ncw 16 Jul  2 17:46 /tmp/one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt

       Clean up all the old versions and show that they’ve gone.

              $ rclone -q cleanup b2:cleanup-test

              $ rclone -q ls b2:cleanup-test
                      9 one.txt

              $ rclone -q --b2-versions ls b2:cleanup-test
                      9 one.txt

   Data usage
       It is useful to know how many requests are sent to the server in different scenarios.

       All copy commands send the following 4 requests:

              /b2api/v1/b2_authorize_account
              /b2api/v1/b2_create_bucket
              /b2api/v1/b2_list_buckets
              /b2api/v1/b2_list_file_names

       The  b2_list_file_names  request  will be sent once for every 1k files in the remote path,
       providing the checksum and modification time of the listed  files.   As  of  version  1.33
       issue  #818 (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/818) causes extra requests to be sent
       when using B2 with Crypt.  When a  copy  operation  does  not  require  any  files  to  be
       uploaded, no more requests will be sent.

       Uploading files that do not require chunking, will send 2 requests per file upload:

              /b2api/v1/b2_get_upload_url
              /b2api/v1/b2_upload_file/

       Uploading files requiring chunking, will send 2 requests (one each to start and finish the
       upload) and another 2 requests for each chunk:

              /b2api/v1/b2_start_large_file
              /b2api/v1/b2_get_upload_part_url
              /b2api/v1/b2_upload_part/
              /b2api/v1/b2_finish_large_file

   Versions
       Versions can be viewed with the --b2-versions flag.  When it is set rclone will  show  and
       act on older versions of files.  For example

       Listing without --b2-versions

              $ rclone -q ls b2:cleanup-test
                      9 one.txt

       And with

              $ rclone -q --b2-versions ls b2:cleanup-test
                      9 one.txt
                      8 one-v2016-07-04-141032-000.txt
                     16 one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt
                     15 one-v2016-07-02-155621-000.txt

       Showing  that the current version is unchanged but older versions can be seen.  These have
       the UTC date that they were uploaded to the server to the nearest millisecond appended  to
       them.

       Note  that  when  using --b2-versions no file write operations are permitted, so you can’t
       upload files or delete them.

   B2 and rclone link
       Rclone supports generating file share links for private B2 buckets.  They  can  either  be
       for a file for example:

              ./rclone link B2:bucket/path/to/file.txt
              https://f002.backblazeb2.com/file/bucket/path/to/file.txt?Authorization=xxxxxxxx

       or if run on a directory you will get:

              ./rclone link B2:bucket/path
              https://f002.backblazeb2.com/file/bucket/path?Authorization=xxxxxxxx

       you can then use the authorization token (the part of the url from the ?Authorization= on)
       on any file path under that directory.  For example:

              https://f002.backblazeb2.com/file/bucket/path/to/file1?Authorization=xxxxxxxx
              https://f002.backblazeb2.com/file/bucket/path/file2?Authorization=xxxxxxxx
              https://f002.backblazeb2.com/file/bucket/path/folder/file3?Authorization=xxxxxxxx

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to b2 (Backblaze B2).

   –b2-account
       Account ID or Application Key ID

       • Config: account

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_ACCOUNT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –b2-key
       Application Key

       • Config: key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –b2-hard-delete
       Permanently delete files on remote removal, otherwise hide files.

       • Config: hard_delete

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_HARD_DELETE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to b2 (Backblaze B2).

   –b2-endpoint
       Endpoint for the service.  Leave blank normally.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –b2-test-mode
       A flag string for X-Bz-Test-Mode header for debugging.

       This is for debugging purposes only.  Setting it to one of the strings below will cause b2
       to return specific errors:

       • “fail_some_uploads”

       • “expire_some_account_authorization_tokens”

       • “force_cap_exceeded”

       These  will  be  set  in  the  “X-Bz-Test-Mode”  header  which  is  documented  in  the b2
       integrations checklist (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/integration_checklist.html).

       • Config: test_mode

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_TEST_MODE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –b2-versions
       Include old versions in directory listings.  Note that  when  using  this  no  file  write
       operations are permitted, so you can’t upload files or delete them.

       • Config: versions

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_VERSIONS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –b2-upload-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to chunked upload.

       Files above this size will be uploaded in chunks of “–b2-chunk-size”.

       This value should be set no larger than 4.657GiB (== 5GB).

       • Config: upload_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_UPLOAD_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 200M

   –b2-copy-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to multipart copy

       Any  files larger than this that need to be server side copied will be copied in chunks of
       this size.

       The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 4.6GB.

       • Config: copy_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_COPY_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 4G

   –b2-chunk-size
       Upload chunk size.  Must fit in memory.

       When uploading large files, chunk the file into this size.  Note  that  these  chunks  are
       buffered  in  memory and there might a maximum of “–transfers” chunks in progress at once.
       5,000,000 Bytes is the minimum size.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 96M

   –b2-disable-checksum
       Disable checksums for large (> upload cutoff) files

       Normally rclone will calculate the SHA1 checksum of the input before uploading  it  so  it
       can  add  it to metadata on the object.  This is great for data integrity checking but can
       cause long delays for large files to start uploading.

       • Config: disable_checksum

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_DISABLE_CHECKSUM

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –b2-download-url
       Custom endpoint for downloads.

       This is usually set to a Cloudflare CDN URL as  Backblaze  offers  free  egress  for  data
       downloaded  through  the  Cloudflare  network.   This is probably only useful for a public
       bucket.  Leave blank if you want to use the endpoint provided by Backblaze.

       • Config: download_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_DOWNLOAD_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –b2-download-auth-duration
       Time before the authorization token will expire in s or suffix ms|s|m|h|d.

       The duration before the download authorization token will expire.  The minimum value is  1
       second.  The maximum value is one week.

       • Config: download_auth_duration

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_DOWNLOAD_AUTH_DURATION

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 1w

   –b2-memory-pool-flush-time
       How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed.  Uploads which requires additional
       buffers (f.e multipart) will use memory pool for allocations.  This  option  controls  how
       often unused buffers will be removed from the pool.

       • Config: memory_pool_flush_time

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_MEMORY_POOL_FLUSH_TIME

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 1m0s

   –b2-memory-pool-use-mmap
       Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool.

       • Config: memory_pool_use_mmap

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_MEMORY_POOL_USE_MMAP

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –b2-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_B2_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Box
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       The initial setup for Box involves getting a token from Box which you  can  do  either  in
       your browser, or with a config.json downloaded from Box to use JWT authentication.  rclone
       config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Box
                 \ "box"
              [snip]
              Storage> box
              Box App Client Id - leave blank normally.
              client_id>
              Box App Client Secret - leave blank normally.
              client_secret>
              Box App config.json location
              Leave blank normally.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              box_config_file>
              Box App Primary Access Token
              Leave blank normally.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              access_token>

              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("user").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Rclone should act on behalf of a user
                 \ "user"
               2 / Rclone should act on behalf of a service account
                 \ "enterprise"
              box_sub_type>
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              client_id =
              client_secret =
              token = {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"XXX"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to set  it  up  on  a
       machine with no Internet browser available.

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Box.  This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you get back
       the  verification code.  This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to
       unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your Box

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your Box

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an Box directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Using rclone with an Enterprise account with SSO
       If you have an “Enterprise” account type with Box with single sign on (SSO), you  need  to
       create a password to use Box with rclone.  This can be done at your Enterprise Box account
       by going to Settings, “Account” Tab, and then set the  password  in  the  “Authentication”
       field.

       Once  you  have  done  this,  you  can  setup  your  Enterprise Box account using the same
       procedure detailed above in the, using the password you have just set.

   Invalid refresh token
       According to the box  docs  (https://developer.box.com/v2.0/docs/oauth-20#section-6-using-
       the-access-and-refresh-tokens):

              Each refresh_token is valid for one use in 60 days.

       This means that if you

       • Don’t use the box remote for 60 days

       • Copy the config file with a box refresh token in and use it in two places

       • Get an error on a token refresh

       then rclone will return an error which includes the text Invalid refresh token.

       To  fix  this  you will need to use oauth2 again to update the refresh token.  You can use
       the methods in the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/), bearing  in  mind
       that  if  you  use  the copy the config file method, you should not use that remote on the
       computer you did the authentication on.

       Here is how to do it.

              $ rclone config
              Current remotes:

              Name                 Type
              ====                 ====
              remote               box

              e) Edit existing remote
              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/r/c/s/q> e
              Choose a number from below, or type in an existing value
               1 > remote
              remote> remote
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = box
              token = {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"2017-07-08T23:40:08.059167677+01:00"}
              --------------------
              Edit remote
              Value "client_id" = ""
              Edit? (y/n)>
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Value "client_secret" = ""
              Edit? (y/n)>
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              Already have a token - refresh?
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = box
              token = {"access_token":"YYY","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"YYY","expiry":"2017-07-23T12:22:29.259137901+01:00"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

   Modified time and hashes
       Box allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1 second.   These  will  be
       used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.

       Box supports SHA1 type hashes, so you can use the --checksum flag.

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       \           0x5C        \

       File  names  can  also  not end with the following characters.  These only get replaced if
       they are the last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Transfers
       For  files  above  50MB  rclone  will  use  a  chunked transfer.  Rclone will upload up to
       --transfers chunks at the same time (shared among all the multipart uploads).  Chunks  are
       buffered  in  memory  and  are normally 8MB so increasing --transfers will increase memory
       use.

   Deleting files
       Depending on the enterprise settings for your user,  the  item  will  either  be  actually
       deleted from Box or moved to the trash.

       Emptying  the  trash  is  supported  via  the  rclone however cleanup command however this
       deletes every trashed file and folder individually so  it  may  take  a  very  long  time.
       Emptying  the  trash via the WebUI does not have this limitation so it is advised to empty
       the trash via the WebUI.

   Root folder ID
       You can set the root_folder_id for rclone.  This  is  the  directory  (identified  by  its
       Folder ID) that rclone considers to be the root of your Box drive.

       Normally  you  will  leave  this  blank  and rclone will determine the correct root to use
       itself.

       However you can set this to restrict rclone to a specific folder hierarchy.

       In order to do this you will have to find the Folder ID of the directory you  wish  rclone
       to display.  This will be the last segment of the URL when you open the relevant folder in
       the Box web interface.

       So  if  the  folder  you   want   rclone   to   use   has   a   URL   which   looks   like
       https://app.box.com/folder/11xxxxxxxxx8  in  the browser, then you use 11xxxxxxxxx8 as the
       root_folder_id in the config.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to box (Box).

   –box-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –box-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –box-box-config-file
       Box App config.json location Leave blank normally.

       Leading ~ will be expanded in  the  file  name  as  will  environment  variables  such  as
       ${RCLONE_CONFIG_DIR}.

       • Config: box_config_file

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_BOX_CONFIG_FILE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –box-access-token
       Box App Primary Access Token Leave blank normally.

       • Config: access_token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_ACCESS_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –box-box-sub-type
       • Config: box_sub_type

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_BOX_SUB_TYPE

       • Type: string

       • Default: “user”

       • Examples:

         • “user”

           • Rclone should act on behalf of a user

         • “enterprise”

           • Rclone should act on behalf of a service account

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to box (Box).

   –box-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –box-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –box-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –box-root-folder-id
       Fill in for rclone to use a non root folder as its starting point.

       • Config: root_folder_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_ROOT_FOLDER_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: “0”

   –box-upload-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to multipart upload (>= 50MB).

       • Config: upload_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_UPLOAD_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 50M

   –box-commit-retries
       Max number of times to try committing a multipart file.

       • Config: commit_retries

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_COMMIT_RETRIES

       • Type: int

       • Default: 100

   –box-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_BOX_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,RightSpace,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Limitations
       Note that Box is case insensitive so you can’t have a  file  called  “Hello.doc”  and  one
       called “hello.doc”.

       Box  file  names can’t have the \ character in.  rclone maps this to and from an identical
       looking unicode equivalent \ (U+FF3C Fullwidth Reverse Solidus).

       Box only supports filenames up to 255 characters in length.

   Cache (BETA)
       The cache remote wraps another existing remote and stores file structure and its data  for
       long running tasks like rclone mount.

   Status
       The  cache backend code is working but it currently doesn’t have a maintainer so there are
       outstanding                                                                           bugs
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Abug+label%3A%22Remote%3A+Cache%22)
       which aren’t getting fixed.

       The cache backend is due to be phased out in favour of the VFS  caching  layer  eventually
       which is more tightly integrated into rclone.

       Until  this  happens  we recommend only using the cache backend if you find you can’t work
       without it.  There are many docs online  describing  the  use  of  the  cache  backend  to
       minimize  API  hits  and  by-and-large  these  are out of date and the cache backend isn’t
       needed in those scenarios any more.

   Setup
       To get started you just need to have an existing  remote  which  can  be  configured  with
       cache.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called test-cache.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/r/c/s/q> n
              name> test-cache
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Cache a remote
                 \ "cache"
              [snip]
              Storage> cache
              Remote to cache.
              Normally should contain a ':' and a path, eg "myremote:path/to/dir",
              "myremote:bucket" or maybe "myremote:" (not recommended).
              remote> local:/test
              Optional: The URL of the Plex server
              plex_url> http://127.0.0.1:32400
              Optional: The username of the Plex user
              plex_username> dummyusername
              Optional: The password of the Plex user
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank
              y/g/n> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              The size of a chunk. Lower value good for slow connections but can affect seamless reading.
              Default: 5M
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / 1MB
                 \ "1m"
               2 / 5 MB
                 \ "5M"
               3 / 10 MB
                 \ "10M"
              chunk_size> 2
              How much time should object info (file size, file hashes etc) be stored in cache. Use a very high value if you don't plan on changing the source FS from outside the cache.
              Accepted units are: "s", "m", "h".
              Default: 5m
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / 1 hour
                 \ "1h"
               2 / 24 hours
                 \ "24h"
               3 / 24 hours
                 \ "48h"
              info_age> 2
              The maximum size of stored chunks. When the storage grows beyond this size, the oldest chunks will be deleted.
              Default: 10G
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / 500 MB
                 \ "500M"
               2 / 1 GB
                 \ "1G"
               3 / 10 GB
                 \ "10G"
              chunk_total_size> 3
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [test-cache]
              remote = local:/test
              plex_url = http://127.0.0.1:32400
              plex_username = dummyusername
              plex_password = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              chunk_size = 5M
              info_age = 48h
              chunk_total_size = 10G

       You can then use it like this,

       List directories in top level of your drive

              rclone lsd test-cache:

       List all the files in your drive

              rclone ls test-cache:

       To start a cached mount

              rclone mount --allow-other test-cache: /var/tmp/test-cache

   Write Features
   Offline uploading
       In  an  effort  to make writing through cache more reliable, the backend now supports this
       feature which can be activated by specifying a cache-tmp-upload-path.

       A files goes through these states when using this feature:

       1. An upload is started (usually by copying a file on the cache remote)

       2. When the copy to the temporary location is complete the file  is  part  of  the  cached
          remote and looks and behaves like any other file (reading included)

       3. After  cache-tmp-wait-time  passes and the file is next in line, rclone move is used to
          move the file to the cloud provider

       4. Reading the file still works during the upload but most modifications  on  it  will  be
          prohibited

       5. Once  the  move is complete the file is unlocked for modifications as it becomes as any
          other regular file

       6. If the file is being read through cache when it’s actually deleted from  the  temporary
          path  then cache will simply swap the source to the cloud provider without interrupting
          the reading (small blip can happen though)

       Files are uploaded in sequence and only one file is uploaded at a time.  Uploads  will  be
       stored  in a queue and be processed based on the order they were added.  The queue and the
       temporary storage is persistent across restarts but can be cleared  on  startup  with  the
       --cache-db-purge flag.

   Write Support
       Writes  are  supported  through cache.  One caveat is that a mounted cache remote does not
       add any retry or fallback mechanism to the upload operation.   This  will  depend  on  the
       implementation  of  the  wrapped  remote.   Consider  using Offline uploading for reliable
       writes.

       One special case is covered with cache-writes which will cache the file data at  the  same
       time as the upload when it is enabled making it available from the cache store immediately
       once the upload is finished.

   Read Features
   Multiple connections
       To counter the high latency  between  a  local  PC  where  rclone  is  running  and  cloud
       providers,  the cache remote can split multiple requests to the cloud provider for smaller
       file chunks and combines  them  together  locally  where  they  can  be  available  almost
       immediately before the reader usually needs them.

       This  is similar to buffering when media files are played online.  Rclone will stay around
       the current marker but always try its best to stay ahead and prepare the data before.

   Plex Integration
       There is a direct integration with Plex which allows cache to detect during reading if the
       file  is  in playback or not.  This helps cache to adapt how it queries the cloud provider
       depending on what is needed for.

       Scans will have a minimum amount of workers (1) while in a confirmed playback  cache  will
       deploy the configured number of workers.

       This  integration  opens  the doorway to additional performance improvements which will be
       explored in the near future.

       Note: If Plex options are not configured, cache will function with its configured  options
       without adapting any of its settings.

       How  to  enable?   Run  rclone config and add all the Plex options (endpoint, username and
       password) in your remote and it will be automatically enabled.

       Affected settings: - cache-workers: Configured value during confirmed playback  or  1  all
       the other times

   Certificate Validation
       When  the  Plex  server is configured to only accept secure connections, it is possible to
       use .plex.direct URLs to ensure certificate validation succeeds.  These URLs are  used  by
       Plex internally to connect to the Plex server securely.

       The format for these URLs is the following:

       https://ip-with-dots-replaced.server-hash.plex.direct:32400/

       The  ip-with-dots-replaced part can be any IPv4 address, where the dots have been replaced
       with dashes, e.g. 127.0.0.1 becomes 127-0-0-1.

       To get the server-hash part, the easiest way is to visit

       https://plex.tv/api/resources?includeHttps=1&X-Plex-Token=your-plex-token

       This page will list all the available Plex servers for your  account  with  at  least  one
       .plex.direct  link  for  each.   Copy  one URL and replace the IP address with the desired
       address.  This can be used as the plex_url value.

   Known issues
   Mount and –dir-cache-time
       –dir-cache-time controls the first layer of directory caching which  works  at  the  mount
       layer.   Being an independent caching mechanism from the cache backend, it will manage its
       own entries based on the configured time.

       To avoid getting in a scenario where dir cache has obsolete data and cache would have  the
       correct  one,  try to set --dir-cache-time to a lower time than --cache-info-age.  Default
       values are already configured in this way.

   Windows support - Experimental
       There are a couple of issues with Windows mount  functionality  that  still  require  some
       investigations.   It  should  be  considered as experimental thus far as fixes come in for
       this OS.

       Most of the issues seem to be related to  the  difference  between  filesystems  on  Linux
       flavors and Windows as cache is heavily dependent on them.

       Any reports or feedback on how cache behaves on this OS is greatly appreciated.

       • https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1935

       • https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1907

       • https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1834

   Risk of throttling
       Future  iterations  of the cache backend will make use of the pooling functionality of the
       cloud provider to synchronize and at the same time make writing through it  more  tolerant
       to failures.

       There  are  a  couple of enhancements in track to add these but in the meantime there is a
       valid concern that the expiring cache listings can lead to  cloud  provider  throttles  or
       bans due to repeated queries on it for very large mounts.

       Some  recommendations:  -  don’t use a very small interval for entry information (--cache-
       info-age) - while writes aren’t yet optimised, you can still  write  through  cache  which
       gives  you the advantage of adding the file in the cache at the same time if configured to
       do so.

       Future enhancements:

       • https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1937

       • https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1936

   cache and crypt
       One common scenario is to keep your data encrypted in the cloud provider using  the  crypt
       remote.  crypt uses a similar technique to wrap around an existing remote and handles this
       translation in a seamless way.

       There is an issue with wrapping the remotes in this order: cloud remote -> crypt -> cache

       During testing, I experienced a lot of bans with the remotes in this order.  I suspect  it
       might be related to how crypt opens files on the cloud provider which makes it think we’re
       downloading the full file instead of small chunks.  Organizing the remotes in  this  order
       yields better results: cloud remote -> cache -> crypt

   absolute remote paths
       cache  can  not  differentiate between relative and absolute paths for the wrapped remote.
       Any path given in the remote config setting and on the command line will be passed to  the
       wrapped remote as is, but for storing the chunks on disk the path will be made relative by
       removing any leading / character.

       This behavior is irrelevant for most backend types, but there are backends where a leading
       /  changes  the  effective directory, e.g. in the sftp backend paths starting with a / are
       relative to the root of the SSH server and paths without are relative  to  the  user  home
       directory.   As  a result sftp:bin and sftp:/bin will share the same cache folder, even if
       they represent a different directory on the SSH server.

   Cache and Remote Control (–rc)
       Cache supports the new --rc mode in rclone  and  can  be  remote  controlled  through  the
       following end points: By default, the listener is disabled if you do not add the flag.

   rc cache/expire
       Purge  a  remote  from  the  cache  backend.   Supports  either a directory or a file.  It
       supports both encrypted and unencrypted file names if cache is wrapped by crypt.

       Params: - remote = path to remote (required) - withData = true/false to delete cached data
       (chunks) as well (optional, false by default)

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to cache (Cache a remote).

   –cache-remote
       Remote  to  cache.   Normally  should contain a `:' and a path, eg “myremote:path/to/dir”,
       “myremote:bucket” or maybe “myremote:” (not recommended).

       • Config: remote

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_REMOTE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –cache-plex-url
       The URL of the Plex server

       • Config: plex_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_PLEX_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –cache-plex-username
       The username of the Plex user

       • Config: plex_username

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_PLEX_USERNAME

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –cache-plex-password
       The password of the Plex user

       NB    Input    to    this    must     be     obscured     -     see     rclone     obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: plex_password

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_PLEX_PASSWORD

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –cache-chunk-size
       The size of a chunk (partial file data).

       Use  lower  numbers  for slower connections.  If the chunk size is changed, any downloaded
       chunks will be invalid and cache-chunk-path will need to  be  cleared  or  unexpected  EOF
       errors will occur.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 5M

       • Examples:

         • “1m”

           • 1MB

         • “5M”

           • 5 MB

         • “10M”

           • 10 MB

   –cache-info-age
       How  long  to cache file structure information (directory listings, file size, times etc).
       If all write operations are done through the cache then you can  safely  make  this  value
       very large as the cache store will also be updated in real time.

       • Config: info_age

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_INFO_AGE

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 6h0m0s

       • Examples:

         • “1h”

           • 1 hour

         • “24h”

           • 24 hours

         • “48h”

           • 48 hours

   –cache-chunk-total-size
       The total size that the chunks can take up on the local disk.

       If  the  cache  exceeds this value then it will start to delete the oldest chunks until it
       goes under this value.

       • Config: chunk_total_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_CHUNK_TOTAL_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 10G

       • Examples:

         • “500M”

           • 500 MB

         • “1G”

           • 1 GB

         • “10G”

           • 10 GB

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to cache (Cache a remote).

   –cache-plex-token
       The plex token for authentication - auto set normally

       • Config: plex_token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_PLEX_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –cache-plex-insecure
       Skip all certificate verification when connecting to the Plex server

       • Config: plex_insecure

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_PLEX_INSECURE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –cache-db-path
       Directory to store file structure metadata DB.  The remote name is used  as  the  DB  file
       name.

       • Config: db_path

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_DB_PATH

       • Type: string

       • Default: “$HOME/.cache/rclone/cache-backend”

   –cache-chunk-path
       Directory to cache chunk files.

       Path  to where partial file data (chunks) are stored locally.  The remote name is appended
       to the final path.

       This config follows the “–cache-db-path”.  If you specify a custom location  for  “–cache-
       db-path”  and  don’t specify one for “–cache-chunk-path” then “–cache-chunk-path” will use
       the same path as “–cache-db-path”.

       • Config: chunk_path

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_CHUNK_PATH

       • Type: string

       • Default: “$HOME/.cache/rclone/cache-backend”

   –cache-db-purge
       Clear all the cached data for this remote on start.

       • Config: db_purge

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_DB_PURGE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –cache-chunk-clean-interval
       How often should the cache perform cleanups of  the  chunk  storage.   The  default  value
       should  be  ok  for most people.  If you find that the cache goes over “cache-chunk-total-
       size” too often then try to lower this value to force it to perform cleanups more often.

       • Config: chunk_clean_interval

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_CHUNK_CLEAN_INTERVAL

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 1m0s

   –cache-read-retries
       How many times to retry a read from a cache storage.

       Since reading from a cache stream is independent from downloading file data,  readers  can
       get  to  a  point  where  there’s  no  more data in the cache.  Most of the times this can
       indicate a connectivity issue if cache isn’t able to provide file data anymore.

       For really slow connections, increase this to a point where the stream is able to  provide
       data but your experience will be very stuttering.

       • Config: read_retries

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_READ_RETRIES

       • Type: int

       • Default: 10

   –cache-workers
       How many workers should run in parallel to download chunks.

       Higher  values  will mean more parallel processing (better CPU needed) and more concurrent
       requests on the cloud provider.  This impacts several aspects like the cloud provider  API
       limits,  more  stress  on  the hardware that rclone runs on but it also means that streams
       will be more fluid and data will be available much more faster to readers.

       Note: If the optional Plex integration is enabled then this setting will adapt to the type
       of  reading  performed  and  the  value specified here will be used as a maximum number of
       workers to use.

       • Config: workers

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_WORKERS

       • Type: int

       • Default: 4

   –cache-chunk-no-memory
       Disable the in-memory cache for storing chunks during streaming.

       By default, cache will keep file data during streaming in RAM as well  to  provide  it  to
       readers as fast as possible.

       This  transient  data  is  evicted  as  soon as it is read and the number of chunks stored
       doesn’t exceed the number of workers.  However, depending on other settings  like  “cache-
       chunk-size”  and “cache-workers” this footprint can increase if there are parallel streams
       too (multiple files being read at the same time).

       If the hardware permits it, use this feature to  provide  an  overall  better  performance
       during streaming but it can also be disabled if RAM is not available on the local machine.

       • Config: chunk_no_memory

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_CHUNK_NO_MEMORY

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –cache-rps
       Limits the number of requests per second to the source FS (-1 to disable)

       This  setting  places a hard limit on the number of requests per second that cache will be
       doing to the cloud provider remote and try to respect that value by setting waits  between
       reads.

       If  you find that you’re getting banned or limited on the cloud provider through cache and
       know that a smaller number of requests per second will allow you to work with it then  you
       can use this setting for that.

       A  good  balance  of  all  the  other  settings should make this setting useless but it is
       available to set for more special cases.

       NOTE: This will limit the number of requests during streams but other  API  calls  to  the
       cloud provider like directory listings will still pass.

       • Config: rps

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_RPS

       • Type: int

       • Default: -1

   –cache-writes
       Cache file data on writes through the FS

       If  you  need to read files immediately after you upload them through cache you can enable
       this flag to have their data stored in the cache store at the same time during upload.

       • Config: writes

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_WRITES

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –cache-tmp-upload-path
       Directory to keep temporary files until they are uploaded.

       This is the path where cache will use as a temporary storage for new files that need to be
       uploaded to the cloud provider.

       Specifying  a  value  will enable this feature.  Without it, it is completely disabled and
       files will be uploaded directly to the cloud provider

       • Config: tmp_upload_path

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_TMP_UPLOAD_PATH

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –cache-tmp-wait-time
       How long should files be stored in local cache before being uploaded

       This is the duration that a file must wait in the temporary location cache-tmp-upload-path
       before it is selected for upload.

       Note  that  only one file is uploaded at a time and it can take longer to start the upload
       if a queue formed for this purpose.

       • Config: tmp_wait_time

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_TMP_WAIT_TIME

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 15s

   –cache-db-wait-time
       How long to wait for the DB to be available - 0 is unlimited

       Only one process can have the DB open at any one time, so rclone waits for  this  duration
       for the DB to become available before it gives an error.

       If you set it to 0 then it will wait forever.

       • Config: db_wait_time

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CACHE_DB_WAIT_TIME

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 1s

   Backend commands
       Here are the commands specific to the cache backend.

       Run them with

              rclone backend COMMAND remote:

       The help below will explain what arguments each command takes.

       See  the  “rclone  backend” command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_backend/) for more
       info on how to pass options and arguments.

       These  can  be  run  on  a  running  backend  using   the   rc   command   backend/command
       (https://rclone.org/rc/#backend/command).

   stats
       Print stats on the cache backend in JSON format.

              rclone backend stats remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

   Chunker (BETA)
       The  chunker overlay transparently splits large files into smaller chunks during upload to
       wrapped remote and transparently assembles them back when the file  is  downloaded.   This
       allows to effectively overcome size limits imposed by storage providers.

       To use it, first set up the underlying remote following the configuration instructions for
       that remote.  You can also use a local pathname instead of a remote.

       First check your chosen remote is working - we’ll call it  remote:path  here.   Note  that
       anything  inside  remote:path will be chunked and anything outside won’t.  This means that
       if you are using a bucket based remote (eg S3, B2, swift) then you should probably put the
       bucket in the remote s3:bucket.

       Now  configure  chunker using rclone config.  We will call this one overlay to separate it
       from the remote itself.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> overlay
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Transparently chunk/split large files
                 \ "chunker"
              [snip]
              Storage> chunker
              Remote to chunk/unchunk.
              Normally should contain a ':' and a path, eg "myremote:path/to/dir",
              "myremote:bucket" or maybe "myremote:" (not recommended).
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              remote> remote:path
              Files larger than chunk size will be split in chunks.
              Enter a size with suffix k,M,G,T. Press Enter for the default ("2G").
              chunk_size> 100M
              Choose how chunker handles hash sums. All modes but "none" require metadata.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("md5").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Pass any hash supported by wrapped remote for non-chunked files, return nothing otherwise
                 \ "none"
               2 / MD5 for composite files
                 \ "md5"
               3 / SHA1 for composite files
                 \ "sha1"
               4 / MD5 for all files
                 \ "md5all"
               5 / SHA1 for all files
                 \ "sha1all"
               6 / Copying a file to chunker will request MD5 from the source falling back to SHA1 if unsupported
                 \ "md5quick"
               7 / Similar to "md5quick" but prefers SHA1 over MD5
                 \ "sha1quick"
              hash_type> md5
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [overlay]
              type = chunker
              remote = remote:bucket
              chunk_size = 100M
              hash_type = md5
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

   Specifying the remote
       In normal use, make sure the remote has a : in.  If you specify the  remote  without  a  :
       then  rclone  will  use  a  local  directory  of  that  name.   So  if you use a remote of
       /path/to/secret/files then rclone will chunk stuff in that directory.  If you use a remote
       of name then rclone will put files in a directory called name in the current directory.

   Chunking
       When  rclone starts a file upload, chunker checks the file size.  If it doesn’t exceed the
       configured chunk size, chunker will just pass the file to the wrapped remote.  If  a  file
       is  large,  chunker  will transparently cut data in pieces with temporary names and stream
       them one by one, on the fly.  Each data chunk will contain the specified number of  bytes,
       except  for  the  last  one  which may have less data.  If file size is unknown in advance
       (this is called a streaming upload), chunker will  internally  create  a  temporary  copy,
       record its size and repeat the above process.

       When  upload completes, temporary chunk files are finally renamed.  This scheme guarantees
       that operations can be run in parallel and look from outside as atomic.  A similar  method
       with  hidden  temporary chunks is used for other operations (copy/move/rename etc).  If an
       operation fails, hidden chunks are normally destroyed, and the target composite file stays
       intact.

       When  a  composite  file  download  is  requested,  chunker  transparently assembles it by
       concatenating data chunks in order.  As the split  is  trivial  one  could  even  manually
       concatenate data chunks together to obtain the original content.

       When  the  list  rclone  command  scans a directory on wrapped remote, the potential chunk
       files are accounted for, grouped and assembled  into  composite  directory  entries.   Any
       temporary chunks are hidden.

       List  and other commands can sometimes come across composite files with missing or invalid
       chunks, eg.  shadowed by like-named directory or another file.  This  usually  means  that
       wrapped  file  system  has  been  directly tampered with or damaged.  If chunker detects a
       missing chunk it will by default print warning, skip the whole incomplete group of  chunks
       but  proceed  with  current  command.   You  can  set the --chunker-fail-hard flag to have
       commands abort with error message in such cases.

   Chunk names
       The default chunk name format is *.rclone_chunk.###, hence  by  default  chunk  names  are
       BIG_FILE_NAME.rclone_chunk.001,  BIG_FILE_NAME.rclone_chunk.002  etc.   You  can configure
       another name format using the name_format configuration  file  option.   The  format  uses
       asterisk  *  as  a  placeholder  for  the  base file name and one or more consecutive hash
       characters # as a placeholder for sequential chunk number.  There must be one and only one
       asterisk.   The  number  of  consecutive  hash  characters defines the minimum length of a
       string representing a chunk number.  If decimal chunk number  has  less  digits  than  the
       number of hashes, it is left-padded by zeros.  If the decimal string is longer, it is left
       intact.  By default numbering starts from 1 but there is another option that  allows  user
       to start from 0, eg.  for compatibility with legacy software.

       For  example,  if  name  format  is  big_*-##.part  and original file name is data.txt and
       numbering starts from 0, then the first chunk will be named big_data.txt-00.part, the 99th
       chunk will be big_data.txt-98.part and the 302nd chunk will become big_data.txt-301.part.

       Note  that  list  assembles  composite  directory  entries only when chunk names match the
       configured format and treats non-conforming file names as normal non-chunked files.

   Metadata
       Besides data chunks chunker will by default create metadata object for a  composite  file.
       The  object  is  named  after  the original file.  Chunker allows user to disable metadata
       completely (the none format).  Note that  metadata  is  normally  not  created  for  files
       smaller than the configured chunk size.  This may change in future rclone releases.

   Simple JSON metadata format
       This  is  the  default  format.   It supports hash sums and chunk validation for composite
       files.  Meta objects carry the following fields:

       • ver - version of format, currently 1

       • size - total size of composite file

       • nchunks - number of data chunks in file

       • md5 - MD5 hashsum of composite file (if present)

       • sha1 - SHA1 hashsum (if present)

       There is no field for composite file name as it’s simply equal to the name of meta  object
       on  the  wrapped  remote.  Please refer to respective sections for details on hashsums and
       modified time handling.

   No metadata
       You can disable meta objects by setting the meta format option  to  none.   In  this  mode
       chunker  will scan directory for all files that follow configured chunk name format, group
       them by detecting chunks with the same base name and show group names as virtual composite
       files.   This method is more prone to missing chunk errors (especially missing last chunk)
       than format with metadata enabled.

   Hashsums
       Chunker supports hashsums only when a compatible  metadata  is  present.   Hence,  if  you
       choose metadata format of none, chunker will report hashsum as UNSUPPORTED.

       Please  note  that  by  default metadata is stored only for composite files.  If a file is
       smaller than configured chunk size, chunker will transparently redirect hash  requests  to
       wrapped remote, so support depends on that.  You will see the empty string as a hashsum of
       requested type for small files if the wrapped remote doesn’t support it.

       Many storage backends support MD5 and SHA1 hash types, so does chunker.  With chunker  you
       can choose one or another but not both.  MD5 is set by default as the most supported type.
       Since chunker keeps hashes for composite files and falls back to the wrapped  remote  hash
       for  non-chunked  ones, we advise you to choose the same hash type as supported by wrapped
       remote so that your file listings look coherent.

       If your storage backend does not support MD5 or SHA1 but you need consistent file hashing,
       configure  chunker  with  md5all or sha1all.  These two modes guarantee given hash for all
       files.  If wrapped remote doesn’t support it, chunker will then add metadata to all files,
       even  small.   However,  this  can  double  the amount of small files in storage and incur
       additional service charges.  You can even use chunker to force  md5/sha1  support  in  any
       other  remote  at  expense  of  sidecar meta objects by setting eg.  chunk_type=sha1all to
       force hashsums and chunk_size=1P to effectively disable chunking.

       Normally, when a file is copied to chunker controlled remote, chunker will  ask  the  file
       source  for  compatible  file  hash and revert to on-the-fly calculation if none is found.
       This involves some CPU overhead but provides a guarantee that given hashsum is  available.
       Also,  chunker  will reject a server-side copy or move operation if source and destination
       hashsum types are different resulting in the extra network bandwidth, too.  In  some  rare
       cases  this  may  be  undesired,  so  chunker provides two optional choices: sha1quick and
       md5quick.  If the source does not support primary hash type and the quick mode is enabled,
       chunker will try to fall back to the secondary type.  This will save CPU and bandwidth but
       can result in empty hashsums at destination.  Beware of  consequences:  the  sync  command
       will  revert  (sometimes  silently) to time/size comparison if compatible hashsums between
       source and target are not found.

   Modified time
       Chunker stores modification times using the wrapped remote so  support  depends  on  that.
       For  a  small non-chunked file the chunker overlay simply manipulates modification time of
       the wrapped remote file.  For a composite file with metadata  chunker  will  get  and  set
       modification  time  of  the metadata object on the wrapped remote.  If file is chunked but
       metadata format is none then chunker will use modification time of the first data chunk.

   Migrations
       The idiomatic way to migrate to a different chunk size, hash type or chunk  naming  scheme
       is to:

       • Collect  all  your chunked files under a directory and have your chunker remote point to
         it.

       • Create another directory (most probably on the same cloud storage) and configure  a  new
         remote with desired metadata format, hash type, chunk naming etc.

       • Now  run  rclone  sync  -i oldchunks: newchunks: and all your data will be transparently
         converted in transfer.  This may take some time, yet chunker will try  server-side  copy
         if possible.

       • After checking data integrity you may remove configuration section of the old remote.

       If  rclone  gets  killed during a long operation on a big composite file, hidden temporary
       chunks may stay in the directory.  They will not be shown by the list command but will eat
       up your account quota.  Please note that the deletefile command deletes only active chunks
       of a file.  As a workaround, you can use remote of the wrapped file system  to  see  them.
       An easy way to get rid of hidden garbage is to copy littered directory somewhere using the
       chunker remote and purge the original directory.  The copy command will copy  only  active
       chunks while the purge will remove everything including garbage.

   Caveats and Limitations
       Chunker requires wrapped remote to support server side move (or copy + delete) operations,
       otherwise it will explicitly refuse to start.   This  is  because  it  internally  renames
       temporary chunk files to their final names when an operation completes successfully.

       Chunker  encodes chunk number in file name, so with default name_format setting it adds 17
       characters.  Also chunker adds 7 characters of temporary suffix during  operations.   Many
       file  systems  limit  base file name without path by 255 characters.  Using rclone’s crypt
       remote as a base file system limits file name  by  143  characters.   Thus,  maximum  name
       length  is  231  for most files and 119 for chunker-over-crypt.  A user in need can change
       name format to eg.  *.rcc## and save 10 characters (provided at most 99 chunks per file).

       Note that a move implemented using the copy-and-delete method may  incur  double  charging
       with some cloud storage providers.

       Chunker will not automatically rename existing chunks when you run rclone config on a live
       remote and change the chunk name format.  Beware that in result of this some  files  which
       have  been  treated as chunks before the change can pop up in directory listings as normal
       files and vice versa.  The same warning holds for the chunk size.  If you desperately need
       to change critical chunking settings, you should run data migration as described above.

       If  wrapped remote is case insensitive, the chunker overlay will inherit that property (so
       you can’t have a file called “Hello.doc” and “hello.doc” in the same directory).

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to chunker (Transparently chunk/split large files).

   –chunker-remote
       Remote  to  chunk/unchunk.    Normally   should   contain   a   `:'   and   a   path,   eg
       “myremote:path/to/dir”, “myremote:bucket” or maybe “myremote:” (not recommended).

       • Config: remote

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CHUNKER_REMOTE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –chunker-chunk-size
       Files larger than chunk size will be split in chunks.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CHUNKER_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 2G

   –chunker-hash-type
       Choose how chunker handles hash sums.  All modes but “none” require metadata.

       • Config: hash_type

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CHUNKER_HASH_TYPE

       • Type: string

       • Default: “md5”

       • Examples:

         • “none”

           • Pass  any  hash  supported  by  wrapped remote for non-chunked files, return nothing
             otherwise

         • “md5”

           • MD5 for composite files

         • “sha1”

           • SHA1 for composite files

         • “md5all”

           • MD5 for all files

         • “sha1all”

           • SHA1 for all files

         • “md5quick”

           • Copying a file to chunker will request MD5 from the source falling back to  SHA1  if
             unsupported

         • “sha1quick”

           • Similar to “md5quick” but prefers SHA1 over MD5

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to chunker (Transparently chunk/split large files).

   –chunker-name-format
       String format of chunk file names.  The two placeholders are: base file name (*) and chunk
       number (#...).  There must be one and only one asterisk and one or more  consecutive  hash
       characters.   If chunk number has less digits than the number of hashes, it is left-padded
       by zeros.  If there are more digits in the number, they are left as  is.   Possible  chunk
       files are ignored if their name does not match given format.

       • Config: name_format

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CHUNKER_NAME_FORMAT

       • Type: string

       • Default: "*.rclone_chunk.###"

   –chunker-start-from
       Minimum valid chunk number.  Usually 0 or 1.  By default chunk numbers start from 1.

       • Config: start_from

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CHUNKER_START_FROM

       • Type: int

       • Default: 1

   –chunker-meta-format
       Format  of  the  metadata object or “none”.  By default “simplejson”.  Metadata is a small
       JSON file named after the composite file.

       • Config: meta_format

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CHUNKER_META_FORMAT

       • Type: string

       • Default: “simplejson”

       • Examples:

         • “none”

           • Do not use metadata files at all.  Requires hash type “none”.

         • “simplejson”

           • Simple JSON supports hash sums and chunk validation.

           • It has the following fields: ver, size, nchunks, md5, sha1.

   –chunker-fail-hard
       Choose how chunker should handle files with missing or invalid chunks.

       • Config: fail_hard

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CHUNKER_FAIL_HARD

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

       • Examples:

         • “true”

           • Report errors and abort current command.

         • “false”

           • Warn user, skip incomplete file and proceed.

   Citrix ShareFile
       Citrix ShareFile (https://sharefile.com) is a secure file  sharing  and  transfer  service
       aimed as business.

       The  initial  setup  for  Citrix  ShareFile involves getting a token from Citrix ShareFile
       which you can in your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              XX / Citrix Sharefile
                 \ "sharefile"
              Storage> sharefile
              ** See help for sharefile backend at: https://rclone.org/sharefile/ **

              ID of the root folder

              Leave blank to access "Personal Folders".  You can use one of the
              standard values here or any folder ID (long hex number ID).
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Access the Personal Folders. (Default)
                 \ ""
               2 / Access the Favorites folder.
                 \ "favorites"
               3 / Access all the shared folders.
                 \ "allshared"
               4 / Access all the individual connectors.
                 \ "connectors"
               5 / Access the home, favorites, and shared folders as well as the connectors.
                 \ "top"
              root_folder_id>
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth?state=XXX
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = sharefile
              endpoint = https://XXX.sharefile.com
              token = {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"2019-09-30T19:41:45.878561877+01:00"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to set  it  up  on  a
       machine with no Internet browser available.

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Citrix ShareFile.  This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment
       you  get  back  the verification code.  This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may
       require you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your ShareFile

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your ShareFile

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an ShareFile directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

   Modified time and hashes
       ShareFile allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1 second.  These will
       be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.

       ShareFile supports MD5 type hashes, so you can use the --checksum flag.

   Transfers
       For  files  above  128MB  rclone  will  use  a chunked transfer.  Rclone will upload up to
       --transfers chunks at the same time (shared among all the multipart uploads).  Chunks  are
       buffered  in  memory  and are normally 64MB so increasing --transfers will increase memory
       use.

   Limitations
       Note that ShareFile is case insensitive so you can’t have a file  called  “Hello.doc”  and
       one called “hello.doc”.

       ShareFile only supports filenames up to 256 characters in length.

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       \           0x5C        \
       *           0x2A        *
       <           0x3C        <
       >           0x3E        >
       ?           0x3F        ?
       :           0x3A        :
       |           0x7C        |
       "           0x22        "

       File  names  can  also  not  start  or  end with the following characters.  These only get
       replaced if they are the first or last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠
       .           0x2E        .

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to sharefile (Citrix Sharefile).

   –sharefile-root-folder-id
       ID of the root folder

       Leave  blank to access “Personal Folders”.  You can use one of the standard values here or
       any folder ID (long hex number ID).

       • Config: root_folder_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SHAREFILE_ROOT_FOLDER_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Access the Personal Folders.  (Default)

         • “favorites”

           • Access the Favorites folder.

         • “allshared”

           • Access all the shared folders.

         • “connectors”

           • Access all the individual connectors.

         • “top”

           • Access the home, favorites, and shared folders as well as the connectors.

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to sharefile (Citrix Sharefile).

   –sharefile-upload-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to multipart upload.

       • Config: upload_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SHAREFILE_UPLOAD_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 128M

   –sharefile-chunk-size
       Upload chunk size.  Must a power of 2 >= 256k.

       Making this larger will improve performance, but note  that  each  chunk  is  buffered  in
       memory one per transfer.

       Reducing this will reduce memory usage but decrease performance.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SHAREFILE_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 64M

   –sharefile-endpoint
       Endpoint for API calls.

       This  is  usually auto discovered as part of the oauth process, but can be set manually to
       something like: https://XXX.sharefile.com

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SHAREFILE_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sharefile-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SHAREFILE_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default:
         Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,BackSlash,Ctl,LeftSpace,LeftPeriod,RightSpace,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Crypt
       Rclone crypt remotes encrypt and decrypt other remotes.

       To  use  crypt, first set up the underlying remote.  Follow the rclone config instructions
       for that remote.

       crypt applied to a local pathname instead of  a  remote  will  encrypt  and  decrypt  that
       directory, and can be used to encrypt USB removable drives.

       Before  configuring  the  crypt  remote,  check the underlying remote is working.  In this
       example the underlying remote is called remote:path.  Anything inside remote:path will  be
       encrypted and anything outside will not.  In the case of an S3 based underlying remote (eg
       Amazon S3, B2, Swift) it is generally advisable to define a crypt remote in the underlying
       remote  s3:bucket.   If s3: alone is specified alongside file name encryption, rclone will
       encrypt the bucket name.

       Configure crypt using rclone config.  In this example the crypt remote is  called  secret,
       to differentiate it from the underlying remote.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> secret
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Encrypt/Decrypt a remote
                 \ "crypt"
              [snip]
              Storage> crypt
              Remote to encrypt/decrypt.
              Normally should contain a ':' and a path, eg "myremote:path/to/dir",
              "myremote:bucket" or maybe "myremote:" (not recommended).
              remote> remote:path
              How to encrypt the filenames.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Don't encrypt the file names.  Adds a ".bin" extension only.
                 \ "off"
               2 / Encrypt the filenames see the docs for the details.
                 \ "standard"
               3 / Very simple filename obfuscation.
                 \ "obfuscate"
              filename_encryption> 2
              Option to either encrypt directory names or leave them intact.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Encrypt directory names.
                 \ "true"
               2 / Don't encrypt directory names, leave them intact.
                 \ "false"
              filename_encryption> 1
              Password or pass phrase for encryption.
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              y/g> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              Password or pass phrase for salt. Optional but recommended.
              Should be different to the previous password.
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank
              y/g/n> g
              Password strength in bits.
              64 is just about memorable
              128 is secure
              1024 is the maximum
              Bits> 128
              Your password is: JAsJvRcgR-_veXNfy_sGmQ
              Use this password?
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [secret]
              remote = remote:path
              filename_encryption = standard
              password = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              password2 = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Important  The  crypt  password  stored  in  rclone.conf  is  lightly obscured.  That only
       protects it from cursory inspection.  It is not secure unless encryption of rclone.conf is
       specified.

       A long passphrase is recommended, or rclone config can generate a random one.

       The  obscured  password  is  created  using AES-CTR with a static key.  The salt is stored
       verbatim at the beginning of the obscured password.  This static key is shared between all
       versions of rclone.

       If  you  reconfigure  rclone  with  the  same  passwords/passphrases  elsewhere it will be
       compatible, but the obscured version will be different due to the different salt.

       Rclone does not encrypt

       • file length - this can be calculated within 16 bytes

       • modification time - used for syncing

   Specifying the remote
       In normal use, ensure the remote has a : in.  If specified without, rclone  uses  a  local
       directory  of  that  name.   For  example  if a remote /path/to/secret/files is specified,
       rclone encrypts content to that directory.  If a remote name is specified, rclone  targets
       a directory name in the current directory.

       If remote remote:path/to/dir is specified, rclone stores encrypted files in path/to/dir on
       the remote.  With file name encryption, files saved to secret:subdir/subfile are stored in
       the unencrypted path path/to/dir but the subdir/subpath element is encrypted.

   Example
       Create the following file structure using “standard” file name encryption.

              plaintext/
              ├── file0.txt
              ├── file1.txt
              └── subdir
                  ├── file2.txt
                  ├── file3.txt
                  └── subsubdir
                      └── file4.txt

       Copy these to the remote, and list them

              $ rclone -q copy plaintext secret:
              $ rclone -q ls secret:
                      7 file1.txt
                      6 file0.txt
                      8 subdir/file2.txt
                     10 subdir/subsubdir/file4.txt
                      9 subdir/file3.txt

       The crypt remote looks like

              $ rclone -q ls remote:path
                     55 hagjclgavj2mbiqm6u6cnjjqcg
                     54 v05749mltvv1tf4onltun46gls
                     57 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/dlj7fkq4kdq72emafg7a7s41uo
                     58 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/7uu829995du6o42n32otfhjqp4/b9pausrfansjth5ob3jkdqd4lc
                     56 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/8njh1sk437gttmep3p70g81aps

       The directory structure is preserved

              $ rclone -q ls secret:subdir
                      8 file2.txt
                      9 file3.txt
                     10 subsubdir/file4.txt

       Without file name encryption .bin extensions are added to underlying names.  This prevents
       the cloud provider attempting to interpret file content.

              $ rclone -q ls remote:path
                     54 file0.txt.bin
                     57 subdir/file3.txt.bin
                     56 subdir/file2.txt.bin
                     58 subdir/subsubdir/file4.txt.bin
                     55 file1.txt.bin

   File name encryption modes
       Off

       • doesn’t hide file names or directory structure

       • allows for longer file names (~246 characters)

       • can use sub paths and copy single files

       Standard

       • file names encrypted

       • file names can’t be as long (~143 characters)

       • can use sub paths and copy single files

       • directory structure visible

       • identical files names will have identical uploaded names

       • can use shortcuts to shorten the directory recursion

       Obfuscation

       This is a simple “rotate” of the filename, with each file having a rot distance  based  on
       the filename.  Rclone stores the distance at the beginning of the filename.  A file called
       “hello” may become “53.jgnnq”.

       Obfuscation is not a strong encryption of filenames, but hinders automated scanning  tools
       picking up on filename patterns.  It is an intermediate between “off” and “standard” which
       allows for longer path segment names.

       There is a possibility with some unicode based filenames that the obfuscation is weak  and
       may map lower case characters to upper case equivalents.

       Obfuscation cannot be relied upon for strong protection.

       • file names very lightly obfuscated

       • file names can be longer than standard encryption

       • can use sub paths and copy single files

       • directory structure visible

       • identical files names will have identical uploaded names

       Cloud  storage  systems have limits on file name length and total path length which rclone
       is more likely to breach using “Standard” file name encryption.  Where file names are less
       thn  156  characters  in  length  issues  should not be encountered, irrespective of cloud
       storage provider.

       An alternative, future rclone file name encryption mode may tolerate backend provider path
       length limits.

   Directory name encryption
       Crypt  offers  the  option  of encrypting dir names or leaving them intact.  There are two
       options:

       True

       Encrypts the whole file path including directory names Example: 1/12/123.txt is  encrypted
       to p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0

       False

       Only  encrypts  file  names,  skips  directory names Example: 1/12/123.txt is encrypted to
       1/12/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0

   Modified time and hashes
       Crypt stores modification times using the underlying remote so support depends on that.

       Hashes are not stored for crypt.  However the data integrity is protected by an  extremely
       strong crypto authenticator.

       Use  the  rclone  cryptcheck command to check the integrity of a crypted remote instead of
       rclone check which can’t check the checksums properly.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to crypt (Encrypt/Decrypt a remote).

   –crypt-remote
       Remote  to  encrypt/decrypt.   Normally  should   contain   a   `:'   and   a   path,   eg
       “myremote:path/to/dir”, “myremote:bucket” or maybe “myremote:” (not recommended).

       • Config: remote

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CRYPT_REMOTE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –crypt-filename-encryption
       How to encrypt the filenames.

       • Config: filename_encryption

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CRYPT_FILENAME_ENCRYPTION

       • Type: string

       • Default: “standard”

       • Examples:

         • “standard”

           • Encrypt the filenames see the docs for the details.

         • “obfuscate”

           • Very simple filename obfuscation.

         • “off”

           • Don’t encrypt the file names.  Adds a “.bin” extension only.

   –crypt-directory-name-encryption
       Option to either encrypt directory names or leave them intact.

       NB If filename_encryption is “off” then this option will do nothing.

       • Config: directory_name_encryption

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CRYPT_DIRECTORY_NAME_ENCRYPTION

       • Type: bool

       • Default: true

       • Examples:

         • “true”

           • Encrypt directory names.

         • “false”

           • Don’t encrypt directory names, leave them intact.

   –crypt-password
       Password or pass phrase for encryption.

       NB     Input     to     this     must     be     obscured    -    see    rclone    obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: password

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CRYPT_PASSWORD

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –crypt-password2
       Password or pass phrase for salt.  Optional but recommended.  Should be different  to  the
       previous password.

       NB     Input     to     this     must     be     obscured    -    see    rclone    obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: password2

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CRYPT_PASSWORD2

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to crypt (Encrypt/Decrypt a remote).

   –crypt-server-side-across-configs
       Allow server side operations (eg copy) to work across different crypt configs.

       Normally this option is not what you want, but if you have two crypts pointing to the same
       backend you can use it.

       This  can  be  used, for example, to change file name encryption type without re-uploading
       all the data.  Just make two crypt backends pointing to two different directories with the
       single changed parameter and use rclone move to move the files between the crypt remotes.

       • Config: server_side_across_configs

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CRYPT_SERVER_SIDE_ACROSS_CONFIGS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –crypt-show-mapping
       For all files listed show how the names encrypt.

       If  this  flag is set then for each file that the remote is asked to list, it will log (at
       level INFO) a line stating the decrypted file name and the encrypted file name.

       This is so you can work out which encrypted names are which decrypted names just  in  case
       you need to do something with the encrypted file names, or for debugging purposes.

       • Config: show_mapping

       • Env Var: RCLONE_CRYPT_SHOW_MAPPING

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Backend commands
       Here are the commands specific to the crypt backend.

       Run them with

              rclone backend COMMAND remote:

       The help below will explain what arguments each command takes.

       See  the  “rclone  backend” command (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_backend/) for more
       info on how to pass options and arguments.

       These  can  be  run  on  a  running  backend  using   the   rc   command   backend/command
       (https://rclone.org/rc/#backend/command).

   encode
       Encode the given filename(s)

              rclone backend encode remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This  encodes  the filenames given as arguments returning a list of strings of the encoded
       results.

       Usage Example:

              rclone backend encode crypt: file1 [file2...]
              rclone rc backend/command command=encode fs=crypt: file1 [file2...]

   decode
       Decode the given filename(s)

              rclone backend decode remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This decodes the filenames given as arguments returning a list of strings of  the  decoded
       results.  It will return an error if any of the inputs are invalid.

       Usage Example:

              rclone backend decode crypt: encryptedfile1 [encryptedfile2...]
              rclone rc backend/command command=decode fs=crypt: encryptedfile1 [encryptedfile2...]

   Backing up a crypted remote
       If  you wish to backup a crypted remote, it is recommended that you use rclone sync on the
       encrypted files, and make sure the passwords are the same in the new encrypted remote.

       This will have the following advantages

       • rclone sync will check the checksums while copying

       • you can use rclone check between the encrypted remotes

       • you don’t decrypt and encrypt unnecessarily

       For example, let’s say you have your original remote at remote: with the encrypted version
       at  eremote:  with  path  remote:crypt.  You would then set up the new remote remote2: and
       then the encrypted version eremote2: with path remote2:crypt using the same  passwords  as
       eremote:.

       To sync the two remotes you would do

              rclone sync -i remote:crypt remote2:crypt

       And to check the integrity you would do

              rclone check remote:crypt remote2:crypt

   File formats
   File encryption
       Files  are  encrypted 1:1 source file to destination object.  The file has a header and is
       divided into chunks.

   Header
       • 8 bytes magic string RCLONE\x00\x00

       • 24 bytes Nonce (IV)

       The initial nonce is generated from the operating  systems  crypto  strong  random  number
       generator.   The nonce is incremented for each chunk read making sure each nonce is unique
       for each block written.  The chance of a nonce being re-used is minuscule.  If  you  wrote
       an  exabyte  of data (10¹⁸ bytes) you would have a probability of approximately 2×10⁻³² of
       re-using a nonce.

   Chunk
       Each chunk will contain 64kB of data, except for the last one which may  have  less  data.
       The data chunk is in standard NACL secretbox format.  Secretbox uses XSalsa20 and Poly1305
       to encrypt and authenticate messages.

       Each chunk contains:

       • 16 Bytes of Poly1305 authenticator

       • 1 - 65536 bytes XSalsa20 encrypted data

       64k chunk size was chosen as the best performing chunk size (the authenticator  takes  too
       much time below this and the performance drops off due to cache effects above this).  Note
       that these chunks are buffered in memory so they can’t be too big.

       This uses a 32 byte (256 bit key) key derived from the user password.

   Examples
       1 byte file will encrypt to

       • 32 bytes header

       • 17 bytes data chunk

       49 bytes total

       1MB (1048576 bytes) file will encrypt to

       • 32 bytes header

       • 16 chunks of 65568 bytes

       1049120 bytes total (a 0.05% overhead).  This is the overhead for big files.

   Name encryption
       File names are encrypted segment by segment - the path  is  broken  up  into  /  separated
       strings and these are encrypted individually.

       File segments are padded using PKCS#7 to a multiple of 16 bytes before encryption.

       They are then encrypted with EME using AES with 256 bit key.  EME (ECB-Mix-ECB) is a wide-
       block encryption mode presented in the 2003 paper “A Parallelizable Enciphering  Mode”  by
       Halevi and Rogaway.

       This  makes  for  deterministic  encryption which is what we want - the same filename must
       encrypt to the same thing otherwise we can’t find it on the cloud storage system.

       This means that

       • filenames with the same name will encrypt the same

       • filenames which start the same won’t have a common prefix

       This uses a 32 byte key (256 bits) and a 16 byte (128 bits) IV both of which  are  derived
       from the user password.

       After encryption they are written out using a modified version of standard base32 encoding
       as described in RFC4648.  The standard encoding is modified in two ways:

       • it becomes lower case (no-one likes upper case filenames!)

       • we strip the padding character =

       base32 is used rather than the more efficient  base64  so  rclone  can  be  used  on  case
       insensitive remotes (eg Windows, Amazon Drive).

   Key derivation
       Rclone  uses  scrypt with parameters N=16384, r=8, p=1 with an optional user supplied salt
       (password2) to derive the 32+32+16 = 80 bytes of  key  material  required.   If  the  user
       doesn’t supply a salt then rclone uses an internal one.

       scrypt  makes  it  impractical to mount a dictionary attack on rclone encrypted data.  For
       full protection against this you should always use a salt.

   Dropbox
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Dropbox paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       The initial setup for dropbox involves getting a token from Dropbox which you need  to  do
       in your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Dropbox
                 \ "dropbox"
              [snip]
              Storage> dropbox
              Dropbox App Key - leave blank normally.
              app_key>
              Dropbox App Secret - leave blank normally.
              app_secret>
              Remote config
              Please visit:
              https://www.dropbox.com/1/oauth2/authorize?client_id=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&response_type=code
              Enter the code: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXXXX
              --------------------
              [remote]
              app_key =
              app_secret =
              token = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXX_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       You can then use it like this,

       List directories in top level of your dropbox

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your dropbox

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to a dropbox directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Dropbox for business
       Rclone supports Dropbox for business and Team Folders.

       When  using  Dropbox  for  business  remote:  and  remote:path/to/file  will refer to your
       personal folder.

       If you wish to see Team Folders you must use a leading  /  in  the  path,  so  rclone  lsd
       remote:/ will refer to the root and show you all Team Folders and your User Folder.

       You     can    then    use    team    folders    like    this    remote:/TeamFolder    and
       remote:/TeamFolder/path/to/file.

       A leading / for a Dropbox personal account will do nothing, but it will take an extra HTTP
       transaction so it should be avoided.

   Modified time and Hashes
       Dropbox  supports  modified  times,  but the only way to set a modification time is to re-
       upload the file.

       This means that if you uploaded your data with an older version  of  rclone  which  didn’t
       support  the  v2 API and modified times, rclone will decide to upload all your old data to
       fix the modification times.   If  you  don’t  want  this  to  happen  use  --size-only  or
       --checksum flag to stop it.

       Dropbox  supports its own hash type (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-
       hash) which is checked for all transfers.

   Restricted filename characters
       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       /           0x2F        /
       DEL         0x7F         ␡
       \           0x5C        \

       File names can also not end with the following characters.  These  only  get  replaced  if
       they are the last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to dropbox (Dropbox).

   –dropbox-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DROPBOX_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –dropbox-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DROPBOX_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to dropbox (Dropbox).

   –dropbox-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DROPBOX_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –dropbox-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DROPBOX_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –dropbox-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DROPBOX_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –dropbox-chunk-size
       Upload chunk size.  (< 150M).

       Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of this size.

       Note that chunks are buffered in memory (one at a time) so rclone can deal  with  retries.
       Setting  this  larger will increase the speed slightly (at most 10% for 128MB in tests) at
       the cost of using more memory.  It can be set smaller if you are tight on memory.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DROPBOX_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 48M

   –dropbox-impersonate
       Impersonate this user when using a business account.

       • Config: impersonate

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DROPBOX_IMPERSONATE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –dropbox-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DROPBOX_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,BackSlash,Del,RightSpace,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Limitations
       Note  that Dropbox is case insensitive so you can’t have a file called “Hello.doc” and one
       called “hello.doc”.

       There are some file names such as thumbs.db which Dropbox can’t store.  There  is  a  full
       list    of    them    in    the    “Ignored    Files”    section    of    this    document
       (https://www.dropbox.com/en/help/145).  Rclone will  issue  an  error  message  File  name
       disallowed  - not uploading if it attempts to upload one of those file names, but the sync
       won’t fail.

       Some errors may occur if you try to sync copyright-protected files because Dropbox has its
       own  copyright  detector  (https://techcrunch.com/2014/03/30/how-dropbox-knows-when-youre-
       sharing-copyrighted-stuff-without-actually-looking-at-your-stuff/) that prevents this sort
       of  file  being downloaded.  This will return the error ERROR : /path/to/your/file: Failed
       to copy: failed to open source object: path/restricted_content/.

       If you have more than 10,000 files in a  directory  then  rclone  purge  dropbox:dir  will
       return the error Failed to purge: There are too many files involved in this operation.  As
       a work-around do an rclone delete dropbox:dir followed by an rclone rmdir dropbox:dir.

   Get your own Dropbox App ID
       When you use rclone with Dropbox in its default configuration you are using  rclone’s  App
       ID.  This is shared between all the rclone users.

       Here is how to create your own Dropbox App ID for rclone:

       1. Log  into the Dropbox App console (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/apps/create) with
          your Dropbox Account (It need not to be the same account as the  Dropbox  you  want  to
          access)

       2. Choose an API => Usually this should be Dropbox API

       3. Choose the type of access you want to use => Full Dropbox or App Folder

       4. Name your App.  The app name is global, so you can’t use rclone for example

       5. Click the button Create App

       6. Fill Redirect URIs as http://localhost:53682/

       7. Find  the  App key and App secret Use these values in rclone config to add a new remote
          or edit an existing remote.

   FTP
       FTP  is   the   File   Transfer   Protocol.    FTP   support   is   provided   using   the
       github.com/jlaffaye/ftp (https://godoc.org/github.com/jlaffaye/ftp) package.

       Paths are specified as remote:path.  If the path does not begin with a / it is relative to
       the home directory of the  user.   An  empty  path  remote:  refers  to  the  user’s  home
       directory.

       Here is an example of making an FTP configuration.  First run

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process.  An FTP remote only needs a host
       together with and a username and a password.  With anonymous FTP server, you will need  to
       use anonymous as username and your email address as the password.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/r/c/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / FTP Connection
                 \ "ftp"
              [snip]
              Storage> ftp
              ** See help for ftp backend at: https://rclone.org/ftp/ **

              FTP host to connect to
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Connect to ftp.example.com
                 \ "ftp.example.com"
              host> ftp.example.com
              FTP username, leave blank for current username, ncw
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              user>
              FTP port, leave blank to use default (21)
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              port>
              FTP password
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              y/g> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              Use FTP over TLS (Implicit)
              Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
              tls>
              Use FTP over TLS (Explicit)
              Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
              explicit_tls>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = ftp
              host = ftp.example.com
              pass = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       This remote is called remote and can now be used like this

       See all directories in the home directory

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new directory

              rclone mkdir remote:path/to/directory

       List the contents of a directory

              rclone ls remote:path/to/directory

       Sync  /home/local/directory  to  the  remote  directory,  deleting any excess files in the
       directory.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:directory

   Modified time
       FTP does not support modified times.  Any times you see on the  server  will  be  time  of
       upload.

   Checksums
       FTP does not support any checksums.

   Usage without a config file
       An example how to use the ftp remote without a config file:

              rclone lsf :ftp: --ftp-host=speedtest.tele2.net --ftp-user=anonymous --ftp-pass=`rclone obscure dummy`

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       File  names  can  also  not end with the following characters.  These only get replaced if
       they are the last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠

       Note that not all FTP servers can have all characters in file names, for example:

       FTP Server   Forbidden characters
       ──────────────────────────────────
       proftpd               *
       pureftpd            \ [ ]

   Implicit TLS
       FTP supports implicit FTP over TLS servers (FTPS).  This has to be enabled in  the  config
       for  the  remote.   The  default  FTPS  port  is  990  so  the port will likely have to be
       explicitly set in the config for the remote.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to ftp (FTP Connection).

   –ftp-host
       FTP host to connect to

       • Config: host

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_HOST

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “ftp.example.com”

           • Connect to ftp.example.com

   –ftp-user
       FTP username, leave blank for current username, $USER

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –ftp-port
       FTP port, leave blank to use default (21)

       • Config: port

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_PORT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –ftp-pass
       FTP password

       NB    Input    to    this    must     be     obscured     -     see     rclone     obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: pass

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_PASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –ftp-tls
       Use  FTPS  over  TLS  (Implicit)  When using implicit FTP over TLS the client will connect
       using TLS right from the start, which in turn breaks the compatibility with  non-TLS-aware
       servers.   This  is  usually  served over port 990 rather than port 21.  Cannot be used in
       combination with explicit FTP.

       • Config: tls

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_TLS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –ftp-explicit-tls
       Use FTP over TLS (Explicit) When using explicit FTP over TLS the client explicitly request
       security  from the server in order to upgrade a plain text connection to an encrypted one.
       Cannot be used in combination with implicit FTP.

       • Config: explicit_tls

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_EXPLICIT_TLS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to ftp (FTP Connection).

   –ftp-concurrency
       Maximum number of FTP simultaneous connections, 0 for unlimited

       • Config: concurrency

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_CONCURRENCY

       • Type: int

       • Default: 0

   –ftp-no-check-certificate
       Do not verify the TLS certificate of the server

       • Config: no_check_certificate

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_NO_CHECK_CERTIFICATE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –ftp-disable-epsv
       Disable using EPSV even if server advertises support

       • Config: disable_epsv

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_DISABLE_EPSV

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –ftp-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_FTP_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,Del,Ctl,RightSpace,Dot

   Limitations
       Note  that FTP does have its own implementation of : --dump headers, --dump bodies, --dump
       auth for debugging which isn’t the same as the HTTP based backends  -  it  has  less  fine
       grained control.

       Note that --timeout isn’t supported (but --contimeout is).

       Note that --bind isn’t supported.

       FTP could support server side move but doesn’t yet.

       Note that the ftp backend does not support the ftp_proxy environment variable yet.

   Google Cloud Storage
       Paths  are  specified  as  remote:bucket  (or  remote:  for  the lsd command.) You may put
       subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.

       The initial setup for google cloud storage involves getting  a  token  from  Google  Cloud
       Storage which you need to do in your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
                 \ "google cloud storage"
              [snip]
              Storage> google cloud storage
              Google Application Client Id - leave blank normally.
              client_id>
              Google Application Client Secret - leave blank normally.
              client_secret>
              Project number optional - needed only for list/create/delete buckets - see your developer console.
              project_number> 12345678
              Service Account Credentials JSON file path - needed only if you want use SA instead of interactive login.
              service_account_file>
              Access Control List for new objects.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.
                 \ "authenticatedRead"
               2 / Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get OWNER access.
                 \ "bucketOwnerFullControl"
               3 / Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get READER access.
                 \ "bucketOwnerRead"
               4 / Object owner gets OWNER access [default if left blank].
                 \ "private"
               5 / Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team members get access according to their roles.
                 \ "projectPrivate"
               6 / Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.
                 \ "publicRead"
              object_acl> 4
              Access Control List for new buckets.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.
                 \ "authenticatedRead"
               2 / Project team owners get OWNER access [default if left blank].
                 \ "private"
               3 / Project team members get access according to their roles.
                 \ "projectPrivate"
               4 / Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.
                 \ "publicRead"
               5 / Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get WRITER access.
                 \ "publicReadWrite"
              bucket_acl> 2
              Location for the newly created buckets.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Empty for default location (US).
                 \ ""
               2 / Multi-regional location for Asia.
                 \ "asia"
               3 / Multi-regional location for Europe.
                 \ "eu"
               4 / Multi-regional location for United States.
                 \ "us"
               5 / Taiwan.
                 \ "asia-east1"
               6 / Tokyo.
                 \ "asia-northeast1"
               7 / Singapore.
                 \ "asia-southeast1"
               8 / Sydney.
                 \ "australia-southeast1"
               9 / Belgium.
                 \ "europe-west1"
              10 / London.
                 \ "europe-west2"
              11 / Iowa.
                 \ "us-central1"
              12 / South Carolina.
                 \ "us-east1"
              13 / Northern Virginia.
                 \ "us-east4"
              14 / Oregon.
                 \ "us-west1"
              location> 12
              The storage class to use when storing objects in Google Cloud Storage.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Default
                 \ ""
               2 / Multi-regional storage class
                 \ "MULTI_REGIONAL"
               3 / Regional storage class
                 \ "REGIONAL"
               4 / Nearline storage class
                 \ "NEARLINE"
               5 / Coldline storage class
                 \ "COLDLINE"
               6 / Durable reduced availability storage class
                 \ "DURABLE_REDUCED_AVAILABILITY"
              storage_class> 5
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine or Y didn't work
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = google cloud storage
              client_id =
              client_secret =
              token = {"AccessToken":"xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"x/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014-07-17T20:49:14.929208288+01:00","Extra":null}
              project_number = 12345678
              object_acl = private
              bucket_acl = private
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Google if you use auto config mode.  This only runs from the  moment  it  opens  your
       browser   to   the   moment   you   get   back   the   verification   code.   This  is  on
       http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to unblock it temporarily if  you  are
       running a host firewall, or use manual mode.

       This remote is called remote and can now be used like this

       See all the buckets in your project

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new bucket

              rclone mkdir remote:bucket

       List the contents of a bucket

              rclone ls remote:bucket

       Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess files in the bucket.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:bucket

   Service Account support
       You  can set up rclone with Google Cloud Storage in an unattended mode, i.e. not tied to a
       specific end-user Google account.  This is useful when you want to synchronise files  onto
       machines that don’t have actively logged-in users, for example build machines.

       To    get    credentials    for    Google    Cloud    Platform    IAM   Service   Accounts
       (https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/service-accounts), please head to the  Service  Account
       (https://console.cloud.google.com/permissions/serviceaccounts)   section   of  the  Google
       Developer Console.  Service Accounts behave just like normal User  permissions  in  Google
       Cloud  Storage  ACLs  (https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/access-control),  so  you can
       limit their access (e.g. make them read only).  After creating an  account,  a  JSON  file
       containing the Service Account’s credentials will be downloaded onto your machines.  These
       credentials are what rclone will use for authentication.

       To use a Service Account instead of OAuth2 token flow, enter  the  path  to  your  Service
       Account  credentials  at  the service_account_file prompt and rclone won’t use the browser
       based authentication flow.  If you’d rather stuff the contents  of  the  credentials  file
       into  the  rclone  config  file,  you  can set service_account_credentials with the actual
       contents of the file instead, or set the equivalent environment variable.

   Anonymous Access
       For downloads of objects that permit  public  access  you  can  configure  rclone  to  use
       anonymous  access  by setting anonymous to true.  With unauthorized access you can’t write
       or create files but only read or list those buckets and  objects  that  have  public  read
       access.

   Application Default Credentials
       If  no  other  source  of  credentials  is  provided, rclone will fall back to Application
       Default                    Credentials                    (https://cloud.google.com/video-
       intelligence/docs/common/auth#authenticating_with_application_default_credentials) this is
       useful both when you already have configured authentication for your developer account, or
       in  production when running on a google compute host.  Note that if running in docker, you
       may need to run additional commands on  your  google  compute  machine  -  see  this  page
       (https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/docs/advanced-
       authentication#gcloud_as_a_docker_credential_helper).

       Note that in the case application default credentials  are  used,  there  is  no  need  to
       explicitly configure a project number.

   –fast-list
       This  remote  supports  --fast-list which allows you to use fewer transactions in exchange
       for more memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list)  for  more
       details.

   Custom upload headers
       You  can  set  custom  upload headers with the --header-upload flag.  Google Cloud Storage
       supports  the  headers  as  described  in  the   working   with   metadata   documentation
       (https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/gsutil/addlhelp/WorkingWithObjectMetadata)

       • Cache-Control

       • Content-Disposition

       • Content-Encoding

       • Content-Language

       • Content-Type


       • X-Goog-Meta-
       Eg --header-upload "Content-Type text/potato"

       Note that the last of these is for setting custom metadata in the form --header-upload "x-
       goog-meta-key: value"

   Modified time
       Google google cloud storage stores md5sums natively and rclone stores  modification  times
       as metadata on the object, under the “mtime” key in RFC3339 format accurate to 1ns.

   Restricted filename characters
       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       LF          0x0A         ␊
       CR          0x0D         ␍
       /           0x2F        /

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to google cloud storage (Google Cloud Storage (this
       is not Google Drive)).

   –gcs-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gcs-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gcs-project-number
       Project  number.   Optional  -  needed  only  for  list/create/delete  buckets  - see your
       developer console.

       • Config: project_number

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_PROJECT_NUMBER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gcs-service-account-file
       Service Account Credentials JSON file path Leave blank normally.  Needed only if you  want
       use SA instead of interactive login.

       Leading  ~  will  be  expanded  in  the  file  name  as will environment variables such as
       ${RCLONE_CONFIG_DIR}.

       • Config: service_account_file

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gcs-service-account-credentials
       Service Account Credentials JSON blob Leave blank normally.  Needed only if you  want  use
       SA instead of interactive login.

       • Config: service_account_credentials

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gcs-anonymous
       Access  public  buckets  and objects without credentials Set to `true' if you just want to
       download files and don’t configure credentials.

       • Config: anonymous

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_ANONYMOUS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –gcs-object-acl
       Access Control List for new objects.

       • Config: object_acl

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_OBJECT_ACL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “authenticatedRead”

           • Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.

         • “bucketOwnerFullControl”

           • Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get OWNER access.

         • “bucketOwnerRead”

           • Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get READER access.

         • “private”

           • Object owner gets OWNER access [default if left blank].

         • “projectPrivate”

           • Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team members  get  access  according  to
             their roles.

         • “publicRead”

           • Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.

   –gcs-bucket-acl
       Access Control List for new buckets.

       • Config: bucket_acl

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_BUCKET_ACL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “authenticatedRead”

           • Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.

         • “private”

           • Project team owners get OWNER access [default if left blank].

         • “projectPrivate”

           • Project team members get access according to their roles.

         • “publicRead”

           • Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.

         • “publicReadWrite”

           • Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get WRITER access.

   –gcs-bucket-policy-only
       Access checks should use bucket-level IAM policies.

       If  you  want to upload objects to a bucket with Bucket Policy Only set then you will need
       to set this.

       When it is set, rclone:

       • ignores ACLs set on buckets

       • ignores ACLs set on objects

       • creates buckets with Bucket Policy Only set

       Docs: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/bucket-policy-only

       • Config: bucket_policy_only

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_BUCKET_POLICY_ONLY

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –gcs-location
       Location for the newly created buckets.

       • Config: location

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_LOCATION

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Empty for default location (US).

         • “asia”

           • Multi-regional location for Asia.

         • “eu”

           • Multi-regional location for Europe.

         • “us”

           • Multi-regional location for United States.

         • “asia-east1”

           • Taiwan.

         • “asia-east2”

           • Hong Kong.

         • “asia-northeast1”

           • Tokyo.

         • “asia-south1”

           • Mumbai.

         • “asia-southeast1”

           • Singapore.

         • “australia-southeast1”

           • Sydney.

         • “europe-north1”

           • Finland.

         • “europe-west1”

           • Belgium.

         • “europe-west2”

           • London.

         • “europe-west3”

           • Frankfurt.

         • “europe-west4”

           • Netherlands.

         • “us-central1”

           • Iowa.

         • “us-east1”

           • South Carolina.

         • “us-east4”

           • Northern Virginia.

         • “us-west1”

           • Oregon.

         • “us-west2”

           • California.

   –gcs-storage-class
       The storage class to use when storing objects in Google Cloud Storage.

       • Config: storage_class

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_STORAGE_CLASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Default

         • “MULTI_REGIONAL”

           • Multi-regional storage class

         • “REGIONAL”

           • Regional storage class

         • “NEARLINE”

           • Nearline storage class

         • “COLDLINE”

           • Coldline storage class

         • “ARCHIVE”

           • Archive storage class

         • “DURABLE_REDUCED_AVAILABILITY”

           • Durable reduced availability storage class

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to google cloud storage (Google Cloud Storage (this
       is not Google Drive)).

   –gcs-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gcs-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gcs-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gcs-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GCS_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,CrLf,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Google Drive
       Paths are specified as drive:path

       Drive paths may be as deep as required, eg drive:directory/subdirectory.

       The initial setup for drive involves getting a token from Google drive which you  need  to
       do in your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/r/c/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Google Drive
                 \ "drive"
              [snip]
              Storage> drive
              Google Application Client Id - leave blank normally.
              client_id>
              Google Application Client Secret - leave blank normally.
              client_secret>
              Scope that rclone should use when requesting access from drive.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Full access all files, excluding Application Data Folder.
                 \ "drive"
               2 / Read-only access to file metadata and file contents.
                 \ "drive.readonly"
                 / Access to files created by rclone only.
               3 | These are visible in the drive website.
                 | File authorization is revoked when the user deauthorizes the app.
                 \ "drive.file"
                 / Allows read and write access to the Application Data folder.
               4 | This is not visible in the drive website.
                 \ "drive.appfolder"
                 / Allows read-only access to file metadata but
               5 | does not allow any access to read or download file content.
                 \ "drive.metadata.readonly"
              scope> 1
              ID of the root folder - leave blank normally.  Fill in to access "Computers" folders. (see docs).
              root_folder_id>
              Service Account Credentials JSON file path - needed only if you want use SA instead of interactive login.
              service_account_file>
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine or Y didn't work
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              Configure this as a team drive?
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              --------------------
              [remote]
              client_id =
              client_secret =
              scope = drive
              root_folder_id =
              service_account_file =
              token = {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"Bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"2014-03-16T13:57:58.955387075Z"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Google if you use auto config mode.  This only runs from the  moment  it  opens  your
       browser   to   the   moment   you   get   back   the   verification   code.   This  is  on
       http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to unblock it temporarily if  you  are
       running a host firewall, or use manual mode.

       You can then use it like this,

       List directories in top level of your drive

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your drive

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to a drive directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Scopes
       Rclone  allows  you  to select which scope you would like for rclone to use.  This changes
       what  type  of  token   is   granted   to   rclone.    The   scopes   are   defined   here
       (https://developers.google.com/drive/v3/web/about-auth).

       The scope are

   drive
       This  is the default scope and allows full access to all files, except for the Application
       Data Folder (see below).

       Choose this one if you aren’t sure.

   drive.readonly
       This allows read only access to all files.  Files may be listed  and  downloaded  but  not
       uploaded, renamed or deleted.

   drive.file
       With this scope rclone can read/view/modify only those files and folders it creates.

       So if you uploaded files to drive via the web interface (or any other means) they will not
       be visible to rclone.

       This can be useful if you are using rclone  to  backup  data  and  you  want  to  be  sure
       confidential data on your drive is not visible to rclone.

       Files created with this scope are visible in the web interface.

   drive.appfolder
       This gives rclone its own private area to store files.  Rclone will not be able to see any
       other files on your drive and you won’t be  able  to  see  rclone’s  files  from  the  web
       interface either.

   drive.metadata.readonly
       This  allows read only access to file names only.  It does not allow rclone to download or
       upload data, or rename or delete files or directories.

   Root folder ID
       You can set the root_folder_id for rclone.  This  is  the  directory  (identified  by  its
       Folder ID) that rclone considers to be the root of your drive.

       Normally  you  will  leave  this  blank  and rclone will determine the correct root to use
       itself.

       However you can set this to restrict rclone to a specific folder hierarchy  or  to  access
       data  within  the  “Computers”  tab  on the drive web interface (where files from Google’s
       Backup and Sync desktop program go).

       In order to do this you will have to find the Folder ID of the directory you  wish  rclone
       to display.  This will be the last segment of the URL when you open the relevant folder in
       the drive web interface.

       So  if  the  folder  you   want   rclone   to   use   has   a   URL   which   looks   like
       https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XyfxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxKHCh  in  the browser,
       then you use 1XyfxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxKHCh as the root_folder_id in the config.

       NB folders under the “Computers” tab seem to be read only (drive gives a 500  error)  when
       using rclone.

       There  doesn’t  appear  to  be  an API to discover the folder IDs of the “Computers” tab -
       please contact us if you know otherwise!

       Note also that rclone can’t access any data under the “Backups” tab on  the  google  drive
       web interface yet.

   Service Account support
       You can set up rclone with Google Drive in an unattended mode, i.e. not tied to a specific
       end-user Google account.  This is useful when you want to synchronise files onto  machines
       that don’t have actively logged-in users, for example build machines.

       To  use  a  Service  Account  instead of OAuth2 token flow, enter the path to your Service
       Account credentials at the service_account_file prompt during  rclone  config  and  rclone
       won’t  use  the  browser based authentication flow.  If you’d rather stuff the contents of
       the credentials file into the rclone config file, you can set  service_account_credentials
       with the actual contents of the file instead, or set the equivalent environment variable.

   Use case - Google Apps/G-suite account and individual Drive
       Let’s  say  that you are the administrator of a Google Apps (old) or G-suite account.  The
       goal is to store data on an individual’s Drive account, who IS a  member  of  the  domain.
       We’ll call the domain example.com, and the user foo@example.com.

       There’s a few steps we need to go through to accomplish this:

   1. Create a service account for example.com
       • To  create  a  service  account  and  obtain its credentials, go to the Google Developer
         Console (https://console.developers.google.com).

       • You must have a project - create one if you don’t.

       • Then go to “IAM & admin” -> “Service Accounts”.

       • Use the “Create Credentials” button.  Fill in “Service account name” with something that
         identifies your client.  “Role” can be empty.

       • Tick “Furnish a new private key” - select “Key type JSON”.

       • Tick  “Enable  G  Suite  Domain-wide  Delegation”.   This  option  makes “impersonation”
         possible, as documented here: Delegating domain-wide authority to  the  service  account
         (https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OAuth2ServiceAccount#delegatingauthority)

       • These credentials are what rclone will use for authentication.   If  you  ever  need  to
         remove access, press the “Delete service account key” button.

   2. Allowing API access to example.com Google Drive
       • Go to example.com’s admin console

       • Go into “Security” (or use the search bar)

       • Select “Show more” and then “Advanced settings”

       • Select “Manage API client access” in the “Authentication” section

       • In  the  “Client Name” field enter the service account’s “Client ID” - this can be found
         in the Developer Console under “IAM & Admin” -> “Service Accounts”,  then  “View  Client
         ID” for the newly created service account.  It is a ~21 character numerical string.

       • In the next field, “One or More API Scopes”, enter https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive
         to grant access to Google Drive specifically.

   3. Configure rclone, assuming a new install
              rclone config

              n/s/q> n         # New
              name>gdrive      # Gdrive is an example name
              Storage>         # Select the number shown for Google Drive
              client_id>       # Can be left blank
              client_secret>   # Can be left blank
              scope>           # Select your scope, 1 for example
              root_folder_id>  # Can be left blank
              service_account_file> /home/foo/myJSONfile.json # This is where the JSON file goes!
              y/n>             # Auto config, y

   4. Verify that it’s working
       • rclone -v --drive-impersonate foo@example.com lsf gdrive:backup

       • The arguments do:

         • -v - verbose logging

         • --drive-impersonate foo@example.com - this is what does the magic,  pretending  to  be
           user foo.

         • lsf - list files in a parsing friendly way

         • gdrive:backup - use the remote called gdrive, work in the folder named backup.

       Note:  in  case  you  configured  a specific root folder on gdrive and rclone is unable to
       access the contents of that folder when using --drive-impersonate, do this instead:  -  in
       the  gdrive  web  interface, share your root folder with the user/email of the new Service
       Account you created/selected at step #1 -  use  rclone  without  specifying  the  --drive-
       impersonate option, like this: rclone -v foo@example.com lsf gdrive:backup

   Team drives
       If  you  want to configure the remote to point to a Google Team Drive then answer y to the
       question Configure this as a team drive?.

       This will fetch the list of Team Drives from google and allow you to configure  which  one
       you want to use.  You can also type in a team drive ID if you prefer.

       For example:

              Configure this as a team drive?
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              Fetching team drive list...
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Rclone Test
                 \ "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
               2 / Rclone Test 2
                 \ "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
               3 / Rclone Test 3
                 \ "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
              Enter a Team Drive ID> 1
              --------------------
              [remote]
              client_id =
              client_secret =
              token = {"AccessToken":"xxxx.x.xxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"1/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014-03-16T13:57:58.955387075Z","Extra":null}
              team_drive = xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

   –fast-list
       This  remote  supports  --fast-list which allows you to use fewer transactions in exchange
       for more memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list)  for  more
       details.

       It does this by combining multiple list calls into a single API request.

       This  works  by  combining  many '%s' in parents filters into one expression.  To list the
       contents of directories a, b and c, the following requests will be  send  by  the  regular
       List function:

              trashed=false and 'a' in parents
              trashed=false and 'b' in parents
              trashed=false and 'c' in parents

       These can now be combined into a single request:

              trashed=false and ('a' in parents or 'b' in parents or 'c' in parents)

       The  implementation  of ListR will put up to 50 parents filters into one request.  It will
       use the --checkers value to specify the number of requests to run in parallel.

       In tests, these batch requests were up to 20x faster than the regular method.  Running the
       following command against different sized folders gives:

              rclone lsjson -vv -R --checkers=6 gdrive:folder

       small folder (220 directories, 700 files):

       • without --fast-list: 38s

       • with --fast-list: 10s

       large folder (10600 directories, 39000 files):

       • without --fast-list: 22:05 min

       • with --fast-list: 58s

   Modified time
       Google drive stores modification times accurate to 1 ms.

   Restricted filename characters
       Only  Invalid UTF-8 bytes will be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

       In contrast to other backends, / can also be used in names and . or .. are valid names.

   Revisions
       Google drive stores revisions of files.  When you upload a change to an existing  file  to
       google drive using rclone it will create a new revision of that file.

       Revisions follow the standard google policy which at time of writing was

       • They are deleted after 30 days or 100 revisions (whatever comes first).

       • They do not count towards a user storage quota.

   Deleting files
       By  default rclone will send all files to the trash when deleting files.  If deleting them
       permanently is required then use the --drive-use-trash=false flag, or set  the  equivalent
       environment variable.

   Shortcuts
       In  March  2020  Google  introduced  a  new feature in Google Drive called drive shortcuts
       (https://support.google.com/drive/answer/9700156)                                     (API
       (https://developers.google.com/drive/api/v3/shortcuts)).   These  will (by September 2020)
       replace  the  ability  for  files  or  folders  to  be  in  multiple   folders   at   once
       (https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/g-suite/simplifying-google-drives-folder-
       structure-and-sharing-models).

       Shortcuts are files that link to other files on Google Drive somewhat like  a  symlink  in
       unix,  except  they point to the underlying file data (eg the inode in unix terms) so they
       don’t break if the source is renamed or moved about.

       Be default rclone treats these as follows.

       For shortcuts pointing to files:

       • When listing a file shortcut appears as the destination file.

       • When downloading the contents of the destination file is downloaded.

       • When updating shortcut file with a non shortcut file, the shortcut is removed then a new
         file is uploaded in place of the shortcut.

       • When server side moving (renaming) the shortcut is renamed, not the destination file.

       • When server side copying the shortcut is copied, not the contents of the shortcut.

       • When deleting the shortcut is deleted not the linked file.

       • When  setting  the  modification  time, the modification time of the linked file will be
         set.

       For shortcuts pointing to folders:

       • When listing the shortcut appears as a folder and that folder will contain the  contents
         of the linked folder appear (including any sub folders)

       • When downloading the contents of the linked folder and sub contents are downloaded

       • When uploading to a shortcut folder the file will be placed in the linked folder

       • When server side moving (renaming) the shortcut is renamed, not the destination folder

       • When server side copying the contents of the linked folder is copied, not the shortcut.

       • When  deleting  with rclone rmdir or rclone purge the shortcut is deleted not the linked
         folder.

       • NB When deleting with rclone remove or rclone mount the contents of  the  linked  folder
         will be deleted.

       The  rclone  backend  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_backend/) command can be used to
       create shortcuts.

       Shortcuts  can  be  completely  ignored  with  the  --drive-skip-shortcuts  flag  or   the
       corresponding skip_shortcuts configuration setting.

   Emptying trash
       If  you wish to empty your trash you can use the rclone cleanup remote: command which will
       permanently delete all your trashed files.  This command does not take any path arguments.

       Note that Google Drive takes some time (minutes to days) to empty the  trash  even  though
       the  command  returns  within  a  few  seconds.   No output is echoed, so there will be no
       confirmation even using -v or -vv.

   Quota information
       To view your current quota you can use the rclone about remote: command which will display
       your  usage  limit  (quota), the usage in Google Drive, the size of all files in the Trash
       and the space used by other Google services such as Gmail.  This command does not take any
       path arguments.

   Import/Export of google documents
       Google documents can be exported from and uploaded to Google Drive.

       When  rclone  downloads  a  Google  doc it chooses a format to download depending upon the
       --drive-export-formats setting.  By default  the  export  formats  are  docx,xlsx,pptx,svg
       which are a sensible default for an editable document.

       When  choosing a format, rclone runs down the list provided in order and chooses the first
       file format the doc can be exported as from the list.  If the file can’t be exported to  a
       format on the formats list, then rclone will choose a format from the default list.

       If  you  prefer  an  archive copy then you might use --drive-export-formats pdf, or if you
       prefer openoffice/libreoffice formats you might use --drive-export-formats ods,odt,odp.

       Note that rclone adds the extension to the google doc, so if it is called  My  Spreadsheet
       on google docs, it will be exported as My Spreadsheet.xlsx or My Spreadsheet.pdf etc.

       When importing files into Google Drive, rclone will convert all files with an extension in
       --drive-import-formats to their associated document type.  rclone  will  not  convert  any
       files by default, since the conversion is lossy process.

       The  conversion  must  result  in  a file with the same extension when the --drive-export-
       formats rules are applied to the uploaded document.

       Here are some examples for allowed and prohibited conversions.

       export-formats   import-formats   Upload Ext   Document Ext   Allowed
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       odt              odt              odt          odt            Yes
       odt              docx,odt         odt          odt            Yes
                        docx             docx         docx           Yes
                        odt              odt          docx           No
       odt,docx         docx,odt         docx         odt            No
       docx,odt         docx,odt         docx         docx           Yes
       docx,odt         docx,odt         odt          docx           No

       This limitation can be  disabled  by  specifying  --drive-allow-import-name-change.   When
       using  this  flag,  rclone can convert multiple files types resulting in the same document
       type at  once,  eg  with  --drive-import-formats  docx,odt,txt,  all  files  having  these
       extension  would  result  in  a  document  represented  as  a  docx file.  This brings the
       additional risk of overwriting a document, if multiple files have  the  same  stem.   Many
       rclone  operations will not handle this name change in any way.  They assume an equal name
       when copying files and might copy the file again or delete them when the name changes.

       Here are the possible export extensions with their  corresponding  mime  types.   Most  of
       these  can  also  be used for importing, but there more that are not listed here.  Some of
       these additional ones might only be available  when  the  operating  system  provides  the
       correct MIME type entries.

       This list can be changed by Google Drive at any time and might not represent the currently
       available conversions.

       Extension              Mime Type                                         Description
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       csv                    text/csv                                          Standard  CSV  format  for
                                                                                Spreadsheets
       docx                   application/vnd.openxmlformats-                   Microsoft Office Document
                              officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
       epub                   application/epub+zip                              E-book format
       html                   text/html                                         An HTML Document
       jpg                    image/jpeg                                        A JPEG Image File
       json                   application/vnd.google-apps.script+json           JSON Text Format
       odp                    application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation   Openoffice Presentation
       ods                    application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet    Openoffice Spreadsheet
       ods                    application/x-                                    Openoffice Spreadsheet
                              vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
       odt                    application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text           Openoffice Document
       pdf                    application/pdf                                   Adobe PDF Format
       png                    image/png                                         PNG Image Format
       pptx                   application/vnd.openxmlformats-                   Microsoft           Office
                              officedocument.presentationml.presentation        Powerpoint
       rtf                    application/rtf                                   Rich Text Format
       svg                    image/svg+xml                                     Scalable  Vector  Graphics
                                                                                Format
       tsv                    text/tab-separated-values                         Standard  TSV  format  for
                                                                                spreadsheets
       txt                    text/plain                                        Plain Text
       xlsx                   application/vnd.openxmlformats-                   Microsoft           Office
                              officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet                Spreadsheet
       zip                    application/zip                                   A ZIP file of HTML, Images
                                                                                CSS

       Google documents can also be exported as link files.  These  files  will  open  a  browser
       window  for the Google Docs website of that document when opened.  The link file extension
       has to be specified as a --drive-export-formats parameter.  They will match all  available
       Google Documents.

       Extension   Description                OS Support
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       desktop     freedesktop.org            Linux
                   specified desktop entry
       link.html   An HTML Document with  a   All
                   redirect
       url         INI style link file        macOS, Windows
       webloc      macOS    specific    XML   macOS
                   format

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to drive (Google Drive).

   –drive-client-id
       Google   Application   Client   Id    Setting    your    own    is    recommended.     See
       https://rclone.org/drive/#making-your-own-client-id  for  how  to create your own.  If you
       leave this blank, it will use an internal key which is low performance.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-scope
       Scope that rclone should use when requesting access from drive.

       • Config: scope

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SCOPE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “drive”

           • Full access all files, excluding Application Data Folder.

         • “drive.readonly”

           • Read-only access to file metadata and file contents.

         • “drive.file”

           • Access to files created by rclone only.

           • These are visible in the drive website.

           • File authorization is revoked when the user deauthorizes the app.

         • “drive.appfolder”

           • Allows read and write access to the Application Data folder.

           • This is not visible in the drive website.

         • “drive.metadata.readonly”

           • Allows read-only access to file metadata but

           • does not allow any access to read or download file content.

   –drive-root-folder-id
       ID of the root folder Leave blank normally.

       Fill in to access “Computers” folders (see docs), or for rclone to use a non  root  folder
       as its starting point.

       • Config: root_folder_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_ROOT_FOLDER_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-service-account-file
       Service  Account Credentials JSON file path Leave blank normally.  Needed only if you want
       use SA instead of interactive login.

       Leading ~ will be expanded in  the  file  name  as  will  environment  variables  such  as
       ${RCLONE_CONFIG_DIR}.

       • Config: service_account_file

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-alternate-export
       Deprecated: no longer needed

       • Config: alternate_export

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_ALTERNATE_EXPORT

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to drive (Google Drive).

   –drive-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-service-account-credentials
       Service  Account  Credentials JSON blob Leave blank normally.  Needed only if you want use
       SA instead of interactive login.

       • Config: service_account_credentials

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-team-drive
       ID of the Team Drive

       • Config: team_drive

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_TEAM_DRIVE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-auth-owner-only
       Only consider files owned by the authenticated user.

       • Config: auth_owner_only

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_AUTH_OWNER_ONLY

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-use-trash
       Send files to the trash instead of deleting permanently.  Defaults to true, namely sending
       files to the trash.  Use --drive-use-trash=false to delete files permanently instead.

       • Config: use_trash

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_USE_TRASH

       • Type: bool

       • Default: true

   –drive-skip-gdocs
       Skip  google  documents  in all listings.  If given, gdocs practically become invisible to
       rclone.

       • Config: skip_gdocs

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SKIP_GDOCS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-skip-checksum-gphotos
       Skip MD5 checksum on Google photos and videos only.

       Use this if you get checksum errors when transferring Google photos or videos.

       Setting this flag will cause Google photos and videos to return a blank MD5 checksum.

       Google photos are identified by being in the “photos” space.

       Corrupted checksums are caused by Google modifying the image/video but  not  updating  the
       checksum.

       • Config: skip_checksum_gphotos

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SKIP_CHECKSUM_GPHOTOS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-shared-with-me
       Only show files that are shared with me.

       Instructs  rclone  to operate on your “Shared with me” folder (where Google Drive lets you
       access the files and folders others have shared with you).

       This works both with the “list” (lsd, lsl, etc) and the “copy” commands (copy, sync, etc),
       and with all other commands too.

       • Config: shared_with_me

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SHARED_WITH_ME

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-trashed-only
       Only  show  files  that  are in the trash.  This will show trashed files in their original
       directory structure.

       • Config: trashed_only

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_TRASHED_ONLY

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-starred-only
       Only show files that are starred.

       • Config: starred_only

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_STARRED_ONLY

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-formats
       Deprecated: see export_formats

       • Config: formats

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_FORMATS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-export-formats
       Comma separated list of preferred formats for downloading Google docs.

       • Config: export_formats

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_EXPORT_FORMATS

       • Type: string

       • Default: “docx,xlsx,pptx,svg”

   –drive-import-formats
       Comma separated list of preferred formats for uploading Google docs.

       • Config: import_formats

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_IMPORT_FORMATS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-allow-import-name-change
       Allow the filetype to change when uploading  Google  docs  (e.g. file.doc  to  file.docx).
       This will confuse sync and reupload every time.

       • Config: allow_import_name_change

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_ALLOW_IMPORT_NAME_CHANGE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-use-created-date
       Use file created date instead of modified date.,

       Useful  when  downloading  data  and  you want the creation date used in place of the last
       modified date.

       WARNING: This flag may have some unexpected consequences.

       When uploading to your drive all files  will  be  overwritten  unless  they  haven’t  been
       modified  since  their creation.  And the inverse will occur while downloading.  This side
       effect can be avoided by using the “–checksum” flag.

       This feature was implemented to retain photos capture date as recorded by  google  photos.
       You  will  first  need  to check the “Create a Google Photos folder” option in your google
       drive settings.  You can then copy or move the photos locally and use the date  the  image
       was taken (created) set as the modification date.

       • Config: use_created_date

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_USE_CREATED_DATE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-use-shared-date
       Use date file was shared instead of modified date.

       Note  that,  as with “–drive-use-created-date”, this flag may have unexpected consequences
       when uploading/downloading files.

       If both this flag and “–drive-use-created-date” are set, the created date is used.

       • Config: use_shared_date

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_USE_SHARED_DATE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-list-chunk
       Size of listing chunk 100-1000.  0 to disable.

       • Config: list_chunk

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_LIST_CHUNK

       • Type: int

       • Default: 1000

   –drive-impersonate
       Impersonate this user when using a service account.

       • Config: impersonate

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_IMPERSONATE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –drive-upload-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to chunked upload

       • Config: upload_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_UPLOAD_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 8M

   –drive-chunk-size
       Upload chunk size.  Must a power of 2 >= 256k.

       Making this larger will improve performance, but note  that  each  chunk  is  buffered  in
       memory one per transfer.

       Reducing this will reduce memory usage but decrease performance.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 8M

   –drive-acknowledge-abuse
       Set to allow files which return cannotDownloadAbusiveFile to be downloaded.

       If  downloading a file returns the error “This file has been identified as malware or spam
       and cannot be downloaded” with the error code “cannotDownloadAbusiveFile” then supply this
       flag  to  rclone  to indicate you acknowledge the risks of downloading the file and rclone
       will download it anyway.

       • Config: acknowledge_abuse

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_ACKNOWLEDGE_ABUSE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-keep-revision-forever
       Keep new head revision of each file forever.

       • Config: keep_revision_forever

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_KEEP_REVISION_FOREVER

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-size-as-quota
       Show sizes as storage quota usage, not actual size.

       Show the size of a file as the storage quota used.  This is the current version  plus  any
       older versions that have been set to keep forever.

       WARNING: This flag may have some unexpected consequences.

       It is not recommended to set this flag in your config - the recommended usage is using the
       flag form –drive-size-as-quota when doing rclone ls/lsl/lsf/lsjson/etc only.

       If you do use this flag for syncing (not recommended) then you will need  to  use  –ignore
       size also.

       • Config: size_as_quota

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SIZE_AS_QUOTA

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-v2-download-min-size
       If Object’s are greater, use drive v2 API to download.

       • Config: v2_download_min_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_V2_DOWNLOAD_MIN_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: off

   –drive-pacer-min-sleep
       Minimum time to sleep between API calls.

       • Config: pacer_min_sleep

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_PACER_MIN_SLEEP

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 100ms

   –drive-pacer-burst
       Number of API calls to allow without sleeping.

       • Config: pacer_burst

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_PACER_BURST

       • Type: int

       • Default: 100

   –drive-server-side-across-configs
       Allow server side operations (eg copy) to work across different drive configs.

       This  can  be  useful  if  you  wish to do a server side copy between two different Google
       drives.  Note that this isn’t enabled by default because it isn’t easy to tell if it  will
       work between any two configurations.

       • Config: server_side_across_configs

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SERVER_SIDE_ACROSS_CONFIGS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-disable-http2
       Disable drive using http2

       There  is currently an unsolved issue with the google drive backend and HTTP/2.  HTTP/2 is
       therefore disabled by default for the drive backend but can be re-enabled here.  When  the
       issue is solved this flag will be removed.

       See: https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/3631

       • Config: disable_http2

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_DISABLE_HTTP2

       • Type: bool

       • Default: true

   –drive-stop-on-upload-limit
       Make upload limit errors be fatal

       At  the  time of writing it is only possible to upload 750GB of data to Google Drive a day
       (this is an undocumented limit).  When this limit  is  reached  Google  Drive  produces  a
       slightly  different  error  message.   When  this flag is set it causes these errors to be
       fatal.  These will stop the in-progress sync.

       Note that this detection is relying on error message strings which Google  don’t  document
       so it may break in the future.

       See: https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/3857

       • Config: stop_on_upload_limit

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_STOP_ON_UPLOAD_LIMIT

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-skip-shortcuts
       If set skip shortcut files

       Normally rclone dereferences shortcut files making them appear as if they are the original
       file (see the shortcuts section).  If this flag is set then rclone  will  ignore  shortcut
       files completely.

       • Config: skip_shortcuts

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_SKIP_SHORTCUTS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –drive-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_DRIVE_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: InvalidUtf8

   Backend commands
       Here are the commands specific to the drive backend.

       Run them with

              rclone backend COMMAND remote:

       The help below will explain what arguments each command takes.

       See the “rclone backend” command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_backend/)  for  more
       info on how to pass options and arguments.

       These   can   be   run   on  a  running  backend  using  the  rc  command  backend/command
       (https://rclone.org/rc/#backend/command).

   get
       Get command for fetching the drive config parameters

              rclone backend get remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This is a get command which will be used to fetch the various drive config parameters

       Usage Examples:

              rclone backend get drive: [-o service_account_file] [-o chunk_size]
              rclone rc backend/command command=get fs=drive: [-o service_account_file] [-o chunk_size]

       Options:

       • “chunk_size”: show the current upload chunk size

       • “service_account_file”: show the current service account file

   set
       Set command for updating the drive config parameters

              rclone backend set remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This is a set command which will be used to update the various drive config parameters

       Usage Examples:

              rclone backend set drive: [-o service_account_file=sa.json] [-o chunk_size=67108864]
              rclone rc backend/command command=set fs=drive: [-o service_account_file=sa.json] [-o chunk_size=67108864]

       Options:

       • “chunk_size”: update the current upload chunk size

       • “service_account_file”: update the current service account file

   shortcut
       Create shortcuts from files or directories

              rclone backend shortcut remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This command creates shortcuts from files or directories.

       Usage:

              rclone backend shortcut drive: source_item destination_shortcut
              rclone backend shortcut drive: source_item -o target=drive2: destination_shortcut

       In the first example this creates a shortcut from the “source_item” which can be a file or
       a    directory    to    the    “destination_shortcut”.     The   “source_item”   and   the
       “destination_shortcut” should be relative paths from “drive:”

       In the second example this creates a shortcut from the “source_item” relative to  “drive:”
       to  the  “destination_shortcut”  relative  to  “drive2:”.  This may fail with a permission
       error if the user authenticated with “drive2:” can’t read files from “drive:”.

       Options:

       • “target”: optional target remote for the shortcut destination

   drives
       List the shared drives available to this account

              rclone backend drives remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This command lists the shared drives (teamdrives) available to this account.

       Usage:

              rclone backend drives drive:

       This will return a JSON list of objects like this

              [
                  {
                      "id": "0ABCDEF-01234567890",
                      "kind": "drive#teamDrive",
                      "name": "My Drive"
                  },
                  {
                      "id": "0ABCDEFabcdefghijkl",
                      "kind": "drive#teamDrive",
                      "name": "Test Drive"
                  }
              ]

   untrash
       Untrash files and directories

              rclone backend untrash remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This command  untrashes  all  the  files  and  directories  in  the  directory  passed  in
       recursively.

       Usage:

       This takes an optional directory to trash which make this easier to use via the API.

              rclone backend untrash drive:directory
              rclone backend -i untrash drive:directory subdir

       Use the -i flag to see what would be restored before restoring it.

       Result:

              {
                  "Untrashed": 17,
                  "Errors": 0
              }

   Limitations
       Drive  has quite a lot of rate limiting.  This causes rclone to be limited to transferring
       about 2 files per second only.  Individual files may be transferred much faster at 100s of
       MBytes/s but lots of small files can take a long time.

       Server  side copies are also subject to a separate rate limit.  If you see User rate limit
       exceeded errors, wait at least 24 hours and retry.  You can  disable  server  side  copies
       with --disable copy to download and upload the files if you prefer.

   Limitations of Google Docs
       Google  docs  will appear as size -1 in rclone ls and as size 0 in anything which uses the
       VFS layer, eg rclone mount, rclone serve.

       This is because rclone can’t find out the size of  the  Google  docs  without  downloading
       them.

       Google  docs  will transfer correctly with rclone sync, rclone copy etc as rclone knows to
       ignore the size when doing the transfer.

       However an unfortunate consequence of this is that you may not be able to download  Google
       docs  using  rclone  mount.   If  it doesn’t work you will get a 0 sized file.  If you try
       again the doc may gain its correct size and be downloadable.  Whether it will work on  not
       depends  on the application accessing the mount and the OS you are running - experiment to
       find out if it does work for you!

   Duplicated files
       Sometimes, for no reason I’ve been able to track down, drive will duplicate  a  file  that
       rclone uploads.  Drive unlike all the other remotes can have duplicated files.

       Duplicated  files  cause  problems  with  the syncing and you will see messages in the log
       about duplicates.

       Use rclone dedupe to fix duplicated files.

       Note that this isn’t just a problem with rclone, even Google Photos on Android  duplicates
       files on drive sometimes.

   Rclone appears to be re-copying files it shouldn’t
       The  most  likely cause of this is the duplicated file issue above - run rclone dedupe and
       check your logs for duplicate object or directory messages.

       This can also be caused by a delay/caching on google drive’s end when comparing  directory
       listings.   Specifically with team drives used in combination with –fast-list.  Files that
       were uploaded recently may not appear on the directory list  sent  to  rclone  when  using
       –fast-list.

       Waiting  a moderate period of time between attempts (estimated to be approximately 1 hour)
       and/or not using –fast-list both seem to be effective in preventing the problem.

   Making your own client_id
       When you use rclone with Google drive in its default configuration you are using  rclone’s
       client_id.   This is shared between all the rclone users.  There is a global rate limit on
       the number of queries per second that each client_id can do set by Google.  rclone already
       has a high quota and I will continue to make sure it is high enough by contacting Google.

       It  is  strongly recommended to use your own client ID as the default rclone ID is heavily
       used.  If you have multiple services running, it is recommended to use an API key for each
       service.   The  default Google quota is 10 transactions per second so it is recommended to
       stay under that number as if you use more than that, it will cause rclone  to  rate  limit
       and make things slower.

       Here is how to create your own Google Drive client ID for rclone:

       1. Log  into  the  Google  API  Console (https://console.developers.google.com/) with your
          Google account.  It doesn’t matter what Google account you use.  (It need  not  be  the
          same account as the Google Drive you want to access)

       2. Select a project or create a new project.

       3. Under “ENABLE APIS AND SERVICES” search for “Drive”, and enable the “Google Drive API”.

       4. Click  “Credentials”  in the left-side panel (not “Create credentials”, which opens the
          wizard), then “Create credentials”

       5. If you already configured an “Oauth Consent Screen”, then skip to  the  next  step;  if
          not, click on “CONFIGURE CONSENT SCREEN” button (near the top right corner of the right
          panel), then select “External” and click on “CREATE”; on  the  next  screen,  enter  an
          “Application  name” (“rclone” is OK) then click on “Save” (all other data is optional).
          Click again on “Credentials” on the left panel to go back to the “Credentials” screen.

       (PS: if you are a GSuite user, you could also  select  “Internal”  instead  of  “External”
       above, but this has not been tested/documented so far).

       6. Click on the “+ CREATE CREDENTIALS” button at the top of the screen, then select “OAuth
          client ID”.

       7. Choose an application type of “Desktop app” if you using a Google account or “Other” if
          you using a GSuite account and click “Create”.  (the default name is fine)

       8. It  will  show you a client ID and client secret.  Use these values in rclone config to
          add a new remote or edit an existing remote.

       Be aware that, due to the “enhanced security”  recently  introduced  by  Google,  you  are
       theoretically  expected to “submit your app for verification” and then wait a few weeks(!)
       for their response; in practice, you can go right ahead and use the client ID  and  client
       secret with rclone, the only issue will be a very scary confirmation screen shown when you
       connect via your browser for rclone to be able to get  its  token-id  (but  as  this  only
       happens during the remote configuration, it’s not such a big deal).

       (Thanks to @balazer on github for these instructions.)

       Sometimes,  creation  of  an  OAuth  consent  in  Google API Console fails due to an error
       message “The request failed because changes to one of the field of  the  resource  is  not
       supported”.  As a convenient workaround, the necessary Google Drive API key can be created
       on the  Python  Quickstart  (https://developers.google.com/drive/api/v3/quickstart/python)
       page.   Just  push  the  Enable  the Drive API button to receive the Client ID and Secret.
       Note that it will automatically create a new project in the API Console.

   Google Photos
       The  rclone  backend  for  Google  Photos  (https://www.google.com/photos/about/)   is   a
       specialized backend for transferring photos and videos to and from Google Photos.

       NB The Google Photos API which rclone uses has quite a few limitations, so please read the
       limitations section carefully to make sure it is suitable for your use.

   Configuring Google Photos
       The initial setup for google cloud storage involves getting a  token  from  Google  Photos
       which you need to do in your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Google Photos
                 \ "google photos"
              [snip]
              Storage> google photos
              ** See help for google photos backend at: https://rclone.org/googlephotos/ **

              Google Application Client Id
              Leave blank normally.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              client_id>
              Google Application Client Secret
              Leave blank normally.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              client_secret>
              Set to make the Google Photos backend read only.

              If you choose read only then rclone will only request read only access
              to your photos, otherwise rclone will request full access.
              Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
              read_only>
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code

              *** IMPORTANT: All media items uploaded to Google Photos with rclone
              *** are stored in full resolution at original quality.  These uploads
              *** will count towards storage in your Google Account.

              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = google photos
              token = {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"Bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"2019-06-28T17:38:04.644930156+01:00"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Google if you use auto config mode.  This only runs from the  moment  it  opens  your
       browser   to   the   moment   you   get   back   the   verification   code.   This  is  on
       http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this may require you to unblock  it  temporarily  if  you  are
       running a host firewall, or use manual mode.

       This remote is called remote and can now be used like this

       See all the albums in your photos

              rclone lsd remote:album

       Make a new album

              rclone mkdir remote:album/newAlbum

       List the contents of an album

              rclone ls remote:album/newAlbum

       Sync /home/local/images to the Google Photos, removing any excess files in the album.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/image remote:album/newAlbum

   Layout
       As  Google Photos is not a general purpose cloud storage system the backend is laid out to
       help you navigate it.

       The directories under media show different ways of categorizing the media.  Each file will
       appear  multiple  times.   So if you want to make a backup of your google photos you might
       choose to backup remote:media/by-month.  (NB remote:media/by-day is  rather  slow  at  the
       moment so avoid for syncing.)

       Note  that  all your photos and videos will appear somewhere under media, but they may not
       appear under album unless you’ve put them into albums.

              /
              - upload
                  - file1.jpg
                  - file2.jpg
                  - ...
              - media
                  - all
                      - file1.jpg
                      - file2.jpg
                      - ...
                  - by-year
                      - 2000
                          - file1.jpg
                          - ...
                      - 2001
                          - file2.jpg
                          - ...
                      - ...
                  - by-month
                      - 2000
                          - 2000-01
                              - file1.jpg
                              - ...
                          - 2000-02
                              - file2.jpg
                              - ...
                      - ...
                  - by-day
                      - 2000
                          - 2000-01-01
                              - file1.jpg
                              - ...
                          - 2000-01-02
                              - file2.jpg
                              - ...
                      - ...
              - album
                  - album name
                  - album name/sub
              - shared-album
                  - album name
                  - album name/sub
              - feature
                  - favorites
                      - file1.jpg
                      - file2.jpg

       There are two writable parts of the tree, the upload directory and sub directories of  the
       album directory.

       The  upload directory is for uploading files you don’t want to put into albums.  This will
       be empty to start with and will contain the files you’ve uploaded for one  rclone  session
       only, becoming empty again when you restart rclone.  The use case for this would be if you
       have a load of files you just want to once off dump  into  Google  Photos.   For  repeated
       syncing, uploading to album will work better.

       Directories  within  the  album  directory  are  also  writeable  and  you  may create new
       directories (albums) under album.  If you copy files with a directory hierarchy  in  there
       then rclone will create albums with the / character in them.  For example if you do

              rclone copy /path/to/images remote:album/images

       and the images directory contains

              images
                  - file1.jpg
                  dir
                      file2.jpg
                  dir2
                      dir3
                          file3.jpg

       Then rclone will create the following albums with the following files in

       • images

         • file1.jpg

       • images/dir

         • file2.jpg

       • images/dir2/dir3

         • file3.jpg

       This  means that you can use the album path pretty much like a normal filesystem and it is
       a good target for repeated syncing.

       The shared-album directory shows albums shared with you or by you.  This is similar to the
       Sharing tab in the Google Photos web interface.

   Limitations
       Only  images and videos can be uploaded.  If you attempt to upload non videos or images or
       formats that Google Photos doesn’t understand, rclone will upload the  file,  then  Google
       Photos will give an error when it is put turned into a media item.

       Note  that  all  media  items uploaded to Google Photos through the API are stored in full
       resolution at “original quality” and will count towards your storage quota in your  Google
       Account.  The API does not offer a way to upload in “high quality” mode..

   Downloading Images
       When Images are downloaded this strips EXIF location (according to the docs and my tests).
       This is a  limitation  of  the  Google  Photos  API  and  is  covered  by  bug  #112096115
       (https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/112096115).

       The current google API does not allow photos to be downloaded at original resolution. This
       is very important if you are, for example, relying on “Google Photos” as a backup of  your
       photos.  You  will  not be able to use rclone to redownload original images. You could use
       `google takeout' to recover the original photos as a last resort

   Downloading Videos
       When videos are downloaded they are downloaded in a really compressed version of the video
       compared  to  downloading  it via the Google Photos web interface.  This is covered by bug
       #113672044 (https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/113672044).

   Duplicates
       If a file name is duplicated in a directory then rclone will add  the  file  ID  into  its
       name.   So  two  files  called  file.jpg  would  then appear as file {123456}.jpg and file
       {ABCDEF}.jpg (the actual IDs are a lot longer alas!).

       If you upload the same image (with the same binary data) twice  then  Google  Photos  will
       deduplicate  it.   However  it  will  retain  the filename from the first upload which may
       confuse rclone.  For example if you uploaded an image to upload  then  uploaded  the  same
       image  to  album/my_album  the filename of the image in album/my_album will be what it was
       uploaded with initially, not what you  uploaded  it  with  to  album.   In  practise  this
       shouldn’t cause too many problems.

   Modified time
       The  date  shown  of media in Google Photos is the creation date as determined by the EXIF
       information, or the upload date if that is not known.

       This is not changeable by rclone and is not the modification date of the  media  on  local
       disk.   This  means  that  rclone  cannot  use  the  dates  from Google Photos for syncing
       purposes.

   Size
       The Google Photos API does not return the size of media.  This means that when syncing  to
       Google Photos, rclone can only do a file existence check.

       It  is  possible  to read the size of the media, but this needs an extra HTTP HEAD request
       per media item so is very slow and uses up a lot of transactions.   This  can  be  enabled
       with the --gphotos-read-size option or the read_size = true config parameter.

       If  you  want  to  use  the  backend  with  rclone  mount you may need to enable this flag
       (depending on your OS and application using the photos) otherwise you may not be  able  to
       read  media  off  the mount.  You’ll need to experiment to see if it works for you without
       the flag.

   Albums
       Rclone can only upload files to albums it created.  This is a  limitation  of  the  Google
       Photos API (https://developers.google.com/photos/library/guides/manage-albums).

       Rclone can remove files it uploaded from albums it created only.

   Deleting files
       Rclone  can  remove files from albums it created, but note that the Google Photos API does
       not allow media to be deleted permanently so  this  media  will  still  remain.   See  bug
       #109759781 (https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/109759781).

       Rclone cannot delete files anywhere except under album.

   Deleting albums
       The   Google   Photos   API  does  not  support  deleting  albums  -  see  bug  #135714733
       (https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/135714733).

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to google photos (Google Photos).

   –gphotos-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GPHOTOS_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gphotos-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GPHOTOS_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gphotos-read-only
       Set to make the Google Photos backend read only.

       If you choose read only then rclone will only request read only  access  to  your  photos,
       otherwise rclone will request full access.

       • Config: read_only

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GPHOTOS_READ_ONLY

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to google photos (Google Photos).

   –gphotos-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GPHOTOS_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gphotos-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GPHOTOS_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gphotos-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GPHOTOS_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –gphotos-read-size
       Set to read the size of media items.

       Normally  rclone  does  not  read  the  size  of  media  items  since  this  takes another
       transaction.  This isn’t necessary for syncing.  However rclone mount needs  to  know  the
       size  of files in advance of reading them, so setting this flag when using rclone mount is
       recommended if you want to read the media.

       • Config: read_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GPHOTOS_READ_SIZE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –gphotos-start-year
       Year limits the photos to be downloaded to those which are uploaded after the given year

       • Config: start_year

       • Env Var: RCLONE_GPHOTOS_START_YEAR

       • Type: int

       • Default: 2000

   HTTP
       The HTTP remote is a read only remote for reading files of  a  webserver.   The  webserver
       should provide file listings which rclone will read and turn into a remote.  This has been
       tested with common webservers such as Apache/Nginx/Caddy and will likely  work  with  file
       listings  from most web servers.  (If it doesn’t then please file an issue, or send a pull
       request!)

       Paths are specified as remote: or remote:path/to/dir.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / http Connection
                 \ "http"
              [snip]
              Storage> http
              URL of http host to connect to
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Connect to example.com
                 \ "https://example.com"
              url> https://beta.rclone.org
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              url = https://beta.rclone.org
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y
              Current remotes:

              Name                 Type
              ====                 ====
              remote               http

              e) Edit existing remote
              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/r/c/s/q> q

       This remote is called remote and can now be used like this

       See all the top level directories

              rclone lsd remote:

       List the contents of a directory

              rclone ls remote:directory

       Sync the remote directory to /home/local/directory, deleting any excess files.

              rclone sync -i remote:directory /home/local/directory

   Read only
       This remote is read only - you can’t upload files to an HTTP server.

   Modified time
       Most HTTP servers store time accurate to 1 second.

   Checksum
       No checksums are stored.

   Usage without a config file
       Since the http remote only has one config parameter it is easy to  use  without  a  config
       file:

              rclone lsd --http-url https://beta.rclone.org :http:

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to http (http Connection).

   –http-url
       URL of http host to connect to

       • Config: url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HTTP_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “https://example.com”

           • Connect to example.com

         • “https://user:pass@example.com”

           • Connect to example.com using a username and password

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to http (http Connection).

   –http-headers
       Set HTTP headers for all transactions

       Use this to set additional HTTP headers for all transactions

       The  input  format  is  comma  separated  list  of key,value pairs.  Standard CSV encoding
       (https://godoc.org/encoding/csv) may be used.

       For example to set a Cookie use `Cookie,name=value', or `“Cookie”,“name=value”'.

       You can set multiple headers, eg `“Cookie”,“name=value”,“Authorization”,“xxx”'.

       • Config: headers

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HTTP_HEADERS

       • Type: CommaSepList

       • Default:

   –http-no-slash
       Set this if the site doesn’t end directories with /

       Use this if your target website does not use / on the end of directories.

       A / on the end of a path is how rclone normally tells the  difference  between  files  and
       directories.   If  this  flag  is set, then rclone will treat all files with Content-Type:
       text/html as directories and read URLs from them rather than downloading them.

       Note that this may cause rclone to confuse genuine HTML files with directories.

       • Config: no_slash

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HTTP_NO_SLASH

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –http-no-head
       Don’t use HEAD requests to find file sizes in dir listing

       If your site is being very slow to load then you can try  this  option.   Normally  rclone
       does a HEAD request for each potential file in a directory listing to:

       • find its size

       • check it really exists

       • check to see if it is a directory

       If you set this option, rclone will not do the HEAD request.  This will mean

       • directory listings are much quicker

       • rclone won’t have the times or sizes of any files

       • some files that don’t exist may be in the listing

       • Config: no_head

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HTTP_NO_HEAD

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Hubic
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths  are  specified  as  remote:container  (or remote: for the lsd command.) You may put
       subdirectories in too, eg remote:container/path/to/dir.

       The initial setup for Hubic involves getting a token from Hubic which you need  to  do  in
       your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              n/s> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Hubic
                 \ "hubic"
              [snip]
              Storage> hubic
              Hubic Client Id - leave blank normally.
              client_id>
              Hubic Client Secret - leave blank normally.
              client_secret>
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              client_id =
              client_secret =
              token = {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       See  the  remote  setup  docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to set it up on a
       machine with no Internet browser available.

       Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token  as  returned
       from  Hubic.   This  only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you get
       back the verification code.  This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this  it  may  require
       you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List containers in the top level of your Hubic

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your Hubic

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an Hubic directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

       If  you  want  the directory to be visible in the official Hubic browser, you need to copy
       your files to the default directory

              rclone copy /home/source remote:default/backup

   –fast-list
       This remote supports --fast-list which allows you to use fewer  transactions  in  exchange
       for  more  memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list) for more
       details.

   Modified time
       The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as X-Object-Meta-Mtime  as  floating
       point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns.

       This  is  a de facto standard (used in the official python-swiftclient amongst others) for
       storing the modification time for an object.

       Note that Hubic wraps the Swift backend, so most of the properties of are the same.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to hubic (Hubic).

   –hubic-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HUBIC_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –hubic-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HUBIC_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to hubic (Hubic).

   –hubic-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HUBIC_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –hubic-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HUBIC_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –hubic-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HUBIC_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –hubic-chunk-size
       Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container.

       Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container.  The default for this is
       5GB which is its maximum value.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HUBIC_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 5G

   –hubic-no-chunk
       Don’t chunk files during streaming upload.

       When  doing  streaming  uploads  (eg using rcat or mount) setting this flag will cause the
       swift backend to not upload chunked files.

       This will limit the maximum upload size to 5GB.  However non chunked files are  easier  to
       deal with and have an MD5SUM.

       Rclone will still chunk files bigger than chunk_size when doing normal copy operations.

       • Config: no_chunk

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HUBIC_NO_CHUNK

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –hubic-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_HUBIC_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,InvalidUtf8

   Limitations
       This uses the normal OpenStack Swift mechanism to refresh the Swift  API  credentials  and
       ignores the expires field returned by the Hubic API.

       The Swift API doesn’t return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files (Dynamic or Static Large
       Objects) so rclone won’t check or use the MD5SUM for these.

   Jottacloud
       Jottacloud is a cloud storage service provider from a Norwegian  company,  using  its  own
       datacenters in Norway.

       In addition to the official service at jottacloud.com (https://www.jottacloud.com/), there
       are also several whitelabel versions which should work with this backend.

       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

   Setup
   Default Setup
       To configure Jottacloud you will need  to  generate  a  personal  security  token  in  the
       Jottacloud  web  interface.   You  will the option to do in your account security settings
       (https://www.jottacloud.com/web/secure) (for whitelabel version you need to find this page
       in  its web interface).  Note that the web interface may refer to this token as a JottaCli
       token.

   Legacy Setup
       If you are using one of the whitelabel versions (Elgiganten, Com Hem Cloud)  you  may  not
       have  the  option  to  generate  a  CLI token.  In this case you’ll have to use the legacy
       authentification.  To to this select yes when the setup asks for  legacy  authentification
       and  enter  your username and password.  The rest of the setup is identical to the default
       setup.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote with the  default  setup.   First
       run:

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Jottacloud
                 \ "jottacloud"
              [snip]
              Storage> jottacloud
              ** See help for jottacloud backend at: https://rclone.org/jottacloud/ **

              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              Use legacy authentification?.
              This is only required for certain whitelabel versions of Jottacloud and not recommended for normal users.
              y) Yes
              n) No (default)
              y/n> n

              Generate a personal login token here: https://www.jottacloud.com/web/secure
              Login Token> <your token here>

              Do you want to use a non standard device/mountpoint e.g. for accessing files uploaded using the official Jottacloud client?

              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              Please select the device to use. Normally this will be Jotta
              Choose a number from below, or type in an existing value
               1 > DESKTOP-3H31129
               2 > Jotta
              Devices> 2
              Please select the mountpoint to user. Normally this will be Archive
              Choose a number from below, or type in an existing value
               1 > Archive
               2 > Links
               3 > Sync

              Mountpoints> 1
              --------------------
              [jotta]
              type = jottacloud
              token = {........}
              device = Jotta
              mountpoint = Archive
              configVersion = 1
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your Jottacloud

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your Jottacloud

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an Jottacloud directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Devices and Mountpoints
       The official Jottacloud client registers a device for each computer you install it on, and
       then creates a mountpoint for each folder you select for Backup.  The web interface uses a
       special  device  called  Jotta for the Archive and Sync mountpoints.  In most cases you’ll
       want to use the Jotta/Archive device/mountpoint, however  if  you  want  to  access  files
       uploaded by any of the official clients rclone provides the option to select other devices
       and mountpoints during config.

       The built-in Jotta device may also contain several other  mountpoints,  such  as:  Latest,
       Links,  Shared  and  Trash.   These  are  special  mountpoints  with  a different internal
       representation than the “regular” mountpoints.  Rclone will only to a very limited  degree
       support them.  Generally you should avoid these, unless you know what you are doing.

   –fast-list
       This  remote  supports  --fast-list which allows you to use fewer transactions in exchange
       for more memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list)  for  more
       details.

       Note  that  the  implementation in Jottacloud always uses only a single API request to get
       the entire list, so for large folders this could lead to long wait time before  the  first
       results are shown.

   Modified time and hashes
       Jottacloud  allows  modification  times  to be set on objects accurate to 1 second.  These
       will be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.

       Jottacloud supports MD5 type hashes, so you can use the --checksum flag.

       Note that Jottacloud requires the MD5 hash before upload so if the source does not have an
       MD5  checksum  then  the  file  will  be  cached  temporarily on disk (wherever the TMPDIR
       environment variable points to) before it is uploaded.  Small  files  will  be  cached  in
       memory  -  see  the –jottacloud-md5-memory-limit flag.  When uploading from local disk the
       source checksum is always available, so this does not apply.  Starting with rclone version
       1.52  the  same is true for crypted remotes (in older versions the crypt backend would not
       calculate hashes for uploads from local disk, so the Jottacloud backend had to  do  it  as
       described above).

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       "           0x22        "
       *           0x2A        *
       :           0x3A        :
       <           0x3C        <
       >           0x3E        >
       ?           0x3F        ?
       |           0x7C        |

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in XML strings.

   Deleting files
       By default rclone will send all files to the trash when  deleting  files.   They  will  be
       permanently deleted automatically after 30 days.  You may bypass the trash and permanently
       delete files immediately by using the –jottacloud-hard-delete flag, or set the  equivalent
       environment    variable.     Emptying    the   trash   is   supported   by   the   cleanup
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_cleanup/) command.

   Versions
       Jottacloud supports file versioning.  When rclone uploads a  new  version  of  a  file  it
       creates  a  new  version  of  it.   Currently  rclone only supports retrieving the current
       version but older versions can be accessed via the Jottacloud Website.

   Quota information
       To view your current quota you can use the rclone about remote: command which will display
       your usage limit (unless it is unlimited) and the current usage.

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to jottacloud (Jottacloud).

   –jottacloud-md5-memory-limit
       Files bigger than this will be cached on disk to calculate the MD5 if required.

       • Config: md5_memory_limit

       • Env Var: RCLONE_JOTTACLOUD_MD5_MEMORY_LIMIT

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 10M

   –jottacloud-trashed-only
       Only  show  files  that  are in the trash.  This will show trashed files in their original
       directory structure.

       • Config: trashed_only

       • Env Var: RCLONE_JOTTACLOUD_TRASHED_ONLY

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –jottacloud-hard-delete
       Delete files permanently rather than putting them into the trash.

       • Config: hard_delete

       • Env Var: RCLONE_JOTTACLOUD_HARD_DELETE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –jottacloud-upload-resume-limit
       Files bigger than this can be resumed if the upload fail’s.

       • Config: upload_resume_limit

       • Env Var: RCLONE_JOTTACLOUD_UPLOAD_RESUME_LIMIT

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 10M

   –jottacloud-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_JOTTACLOUD_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Limitations
       Note  that  Jottacloud is case insensitive so you can’t have a file called “Hello.doc” and
       one called “hello.doc”.

       There are quite a few characters that can’t be in Jottacloud file names.  Rclone will  map
       these  names  to  and from an identical looking unicode equivalent.  For example if a file
       has a ?  in it will be mapped to ? instead.

       Jottacloud only supports filenames up to 255 characters in length.

   Troubleshooting
       Jottacloud exhibits some inconsistent behaviours regarding deleted files and folders which
       may cause Copy, Move and DirMove operations to previously deleted paths to fail.  Emptying
       the trash should help in such cases.

   Koofr
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       The initial setup for Koofr involves creating an application password for rclone.  You can
       do        that        by        opening        the       Koofr       web       application
       (https://app.koofr.net/app/admin/preferences/password), giving the password  a  nice  name
       like rclone and clicking on generate.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called koofr.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> koofr
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Koofr
                 \ "koofr"
              [snip]
              Storage> koofr
              ** See help for koofr backend at: https://rclone.org/koofr/ **

              Your Koofr user name
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              user> USER@NAME
              Your Koofr password for rclone (generate one at https://app.koofr.net/app/admin/preferences/password)
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              y/g> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [koofr]
              type = koofr
              baseurl = https://app.koofr.net
              user = USER@NAME
              password = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       You  can  choose to edit advanced config in order to enter your own service URL if you use
       an on-premise or white label Koofr instance, or choose an  alternative  mount  instead  of
       your primary storage.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your Koofr

              rclone lsd koofr:

       List all the files in your Koofr

              rclone ls koofr:

       To copy a local directory to an Koofr directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       \           0x5C        \

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in XML strings.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to koofr (Koofr).

   –koofr-user
       Your Koofr user name

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_KOOFR_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –koofr-password
       Your       Koofr       password       for       rclone       (generate       one        at
       https://app.koofr.net/app/admin/preferences/password)

       NB     Input     to     this     must     be     obscured    -    see    rclone    obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: password

       • Env Var: RCLONE_KOOFR_PASSWORD

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to koofr (Koofr).

   –koofr-endpoint
       The Koofr API endpoint to use

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_KOOFR_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: “https://app.koofr.net”

   –koofr-mountid
       Mount ID of the mount to use.  If omitted, the primary mount is used.

       • Config: mountid

       • Env Var: RCLONE_KOOFR_MOUNTID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –koofr-setmtime
       Does the backend support setting modification time.  Set this to false if you use a  mount
       ID that points to a Dropbox or Amazon Drive backend.

       • Config: setmtime

       • Env Var: RCLONE_KOOFR_SETMTIME

       • Type: bool

       • Default: true

   –koofr-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_KOOFR_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Limitations
       Note that Koofr is case insensitive so you can’t have a file called  “Hello.doc”  and  one
       called “hello.doc”.

   Mail.ru Cloud
       Mail.ru  Cloud  (https://cloud.mail.ru/) is a cloud storage provided by a Russian internet
       company  Mail.Ru  Group  (https://mail.ru).   The  official  desktop  client  is   Disk-O:
       (https://disk-o.cloud/),  available only on Windows.  (Please note that official sites are
       in Russian)

       Currently it is recommended to disable 2FA on Mail.ru accounts intended for  rclone  until
       it gets eventually implemented.

   Features highlights
       • Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory

       • Files have a last modified time property, directories don’t

       • Deleted files are by default moved to the trash

       • Files and directories can be shared via public links

       • Partial uploads or streaming are not supported, file size must be known before upload

       • Maximum file size is limited to 2G for a free account, unlimited for paid accounts

       • Storage  keeps  hash  for  all  files  and  performs transparent deduplication, the hash
         algorithm is a modified SHA1

       • If a particular file is already present in storage, one can  quickly  submit  file  hash
         instead of long file upload (this optimization is supported by rclone)

   Configuration
       Here is an example of making a mailru configuration.  First create a Mail.ru Cloud account
       and choose a tariff, then run

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Mail.ru Cloud
                 \ "mailru"
              [snip]
              Storage> mailru
              User name (usually email)
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              user> username@mail.ru
              Password
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              y/g> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              Skip full upload if there is another file with same data hash.
              This feature is called "speedup" or "put by hash". It is especially efficient
              in case of generally available files like popular books, video or audio clips
              [snip]
              Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("true").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Enable
                 \ "true"
               2 / Disable
                 \ "false"
              speedup_enable> 1
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = mailru
              user = username@mail.ru
              pass = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              speedup_enable = true
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Configuration of this backend does not require a local  web  browser.   You  can  use  the
       configured backend as shown below:

       See top level directories

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new directory

              rclone mkdir remote:directory

       List the contents of a directory

              rclone ls remote:directory

       Sync /home/local/directory to the remote path, deleting any excess files in the path.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:directory

   Modified time
       Files support a modification time attribute with up to 1 second precision.  Directories do
       not have a modification time, which is shown as “Jan 1 1970”.

   Hash checksums
       Hash sums use a custom Mail.ru algorithm based on SHA1.  If file  size  is  less  than  or
       equal  to  the  SHA1  block size (20 bytes), its hash is simply its data right-padded with
       zero bytes.  Hash sum of a larger file is computed as a SHA1 sum of the  file  data  bytes
       concatenated with a decimal representation of the data length.

   Emptying Trash
       Removing  a  file  or  directory  actually  moves it to the trash, which is not visible to
       rclone but can be seen in a web browser.  The trashed file still occupies  part  of  total
       quota.   If  you  wish  to  empty  your  trash and free some quota, you can use the rclone
       cleanup remote: command, which will permanently  delete  all  your  trashed  files.   This
       command does not take any path arguments.

   Quota information
       To view your current quota you can use the rclone about remote: command which will display
       your usage limit (quota) and the current usage.

   Restricted filename characters
       In      addition      to      the      default       restricted       characters       set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters)  the  following  characters  are also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       "           0x22        "
       *           0x2A        *
       :           0x3A        :
       <           0x3C        <
       >           0x3E        >
       ?           0x3F        ?
       \           0x5C        \
       |           0x7C        |

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Limitations
       File  size  limits depend on your account.  A single file size is limited by 2G for a free
       account and unlimited for paid tariffs.  Please refer to the Mail.ru site  for  the  total
       uploaded size limits.

       Note  that  Mailru is case insensitive so you can’t have a file called “Hello.doc” and one
       called “hello.doc”.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to mailru (Mail.ru Cloud).

   –mailru-user
       User name (usually email)

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –mailru-pass
       Password

       NB    Input    to    this    must     be     obscured     -     see     rclone     obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: pass

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_PASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –mailru-speedup-enable
       Skip  full  upload  if  there is another file with same data hash.  This feature is called
       “speedup” or “put by hash”.  It is especially efficient in  case  of  generally  available
       files  like popular books, video or audio clips, because files are searched by hash in all
       accounts of all mailru users.  Please note that rclone may  need  local  memory  and  disk
       space  to  calculate  content  hash in advance and decide whether full upload is required.
       Also, if rclone does not know file size in advance (e.g. in case of streaming  or  partial
       uploads), it will not even try this optimization.

       • Config: speedup_enable

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_SPEEDUP_ENABLE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: true

       • Examples:

         • “true”

           • Enable

         • “false”

           • Disable

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to mailru (Mail.ru Cloud).

   –mailru-speedup-file-patterns
       Comma  separated  list of file name patterns eligible for speedup (put by hash).  Patterns
       are case insensitive and can contain ’*’ or `?' meta characters.

       • Config: speedup_file_patterns

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_SPEEDUP_FILE_PATTERNS

       • Type: string

       • Default: “.mkv,.avi,.mp4,.mp3,.zip,.gz,.rar,.pdf”

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Empty list completely disables speedup (put by hash).

         • "*"

           • All files will be attempted for speedup.

         • “.mkv,.avi,.mp4,.mp3”

           • Only common audio/video files will be tried for put by hash.

         • “.zip,.gz,.rar,.pdf”

           • Only common archives or PDF books will be tried for speedup.

   –mailru-speedup-max-disk
       This option allows you  to  disable  speedup  (put  by  hash)  for  large  files  (because
       preliminary hashing can exhaust you RAM or disk space)

       • Config: speedup_max_disk

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_SPEEDUP_MAX_DISK

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 3G

       • Examples:

         • “0”

           • Completely disable speedup (put by hash).

         • “1G”

           • Files larger than 1Gb will be uploaded directly.

         • “3G”

           • Choose this option if you have less than 3Gb free on local disk.

   –mailru-speedup-max-memory
       Files larger than the size given below will always be hashed on disk.

       • Config: speedup_max_memory

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_SPEEDUP_MAX_MEMORY

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 32M

       • Examples:

         • “0”

           • Preliminary hashing will always be done in a temporary disk location.

         • “32M”

           • Do not dedicate more than 32Mb RAM for preliminary hashing.

         • “256M”

           • You have at most 256Mb RAM free for hash calculations.

   –mailru-check-hash
       What should copy do if file checksum is mismatched or invalid

       • Config: check_hash

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_CHECK_HASH

       • Type: bool

       • Default: true

       • Examples:

         • “true”

           • Fail with error.

         • “false”

           • Ignore and continue.

   –mailru-user-agent
       HTTP  user agent used internally by client.  Defaults to “rclone/VERSION” or “–user-agent”
       provided on command line.

       • Config: user_agent

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_USER_AGENT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –mailru-quirks
       Comma separated list of internal maintenance flags.  This option must not be  used  by  an
       ordinary  user.   It  is  intended  only  to  facilitate remote troubleshooting of backend
       issues.  Strict meaning of flags is not documented and not guaranteed to  persist  between
       releases.   Quirks  will  be  removed  when  the  backend grows stable.  Supported quirks:
       atomicmkdir binlist gzip insecure retry400

       • Config: quirks

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_QUIRKS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –mailru-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MAILRU_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default:
         Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Mega
       Mega (https://mega.nz/) is a cloud storage and file hosting service known for its security
       feature  where  all  files  are encrypted locally before they are uploaded.  This prevents
       anyone (including employees of Mega) from accessing the files without knowledge of the key
       used for encryption.

       This is an rclone backend for Mega which supports the file transfer features of Mega using
       the same client side encryption.

       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Mega
                 \ "mega"
              [snip]
              Storage> mega
              User name
              user> you@example.com
              Password.
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank
              y/g/n> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = mega
              user = you@example.com
              pass = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       NOTE: The encryption keys need to have been already generated after a  regular  login  via
       the browser, otherwise attempting to use the credentials in rclone will fail.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your Mega

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your Mega

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an Mega directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Modified time and hashes
       Mega does not support modification times or hashes yet.

   Restricted filename characters
       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       /           0x2F        /

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Duplicated files
       Mega can have two files with exactly the same name and path (unlike a normal file system).

       Duplicated files cause problems with the syncing and you will  see  messages  in  the  log
       about duplicates.

       Use rclone dedupe to fix duplicated files.

   Failure to log-in
       Mega remotes seem to get blocked (reject logins) under “heavy use”.  We haven’t worked out
       the exact blocking rules but it seems to be  related  to  fast  paced,  successive  rclone
       commands.

       For  example,  executing this command 90 times in a row rclone link remote:file will cause
       the remote to become “blocked”.  This is not an abnormal situation,  for  example  if  you
       wish  to get the public links of a directory with hundred of files... After more or less a
       week, the remote will remote accept rclone logins normally again.

       You can mitigate this issue by mounting the remote it with rclone mount.  This will log-in
       when  mounting  and  a log-out when unmounting only.  You can also run rclone rcd and then
       use rclone rc to run the commands over the API to avoid logging in each time.

       Rclone does not currently close mega sessions (you can see them  in  the  web  interface),
       however closing the sessions does not solve the issue.

       If  you  space rclone commands by 3 seconds it will avoid blocking the remote.  We haven’t
       identified the exact blocking rules, so perhaps one could execute  the  command  80  times
       without waiting and avoid blocking by waiting 3 seconds, then continuing...

       Note that this has been observed by trial and error and might not be set in stone.

       Other  tools  seem  not  to  produce this blocking effect, as they use a different working
       approach (state-based, using sessionIDs instead of log-in) which isn’t compatible with the
       current stateless rclone approach.

       Note that once blocked, the use of other tools (such as megacmd) is not a sure workaround:
       following megacmd login times have been observed  in  succession  for  blocked  remote:  7
       minutes, 20 min, 30min, 30 min, 30min.  Web access looks unaffected though.

       Investigation is continuing in relation to workarounds based on timeouts, pacers, retrials
       and tpslimits - if you discover something relevant, please post on the forum.

       So, if rclone was working nicely and suddenly you are unable to log-in and  you  are  sure
       the user and the password are correct, likely you have got the remote blocked for a while.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to mega (Mega).

   –mega-user
       User name

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MEGA_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –mega-pass
       Password.

       NB     Input     to     this     must     be     obscured    -    see    rclone    obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: pass

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MEGA_PASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to mega (Mega).

   –mega-debug
       Output more debug from Mega.

       If this flag is set (along with -vv) it will print further debugging information from  the
       mega backend.

       • Config: debug

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MEGA_DEBUG

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –mega-hard-delete
       Delete files permanently rather than putting them into the trash.

       Normally  the  mega  backend will put all deletions into the trash rather than permanently
       deleting them.  If you specify this then rclone will permanently delete objects instead.

       • Config: hard_delete

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MEGA_HARD_DELETE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –mega-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_MEGA_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Limitations
       This backend uses the go-mega go library (https://github.com/t3rm1n4l/go-mega) which is an
       opensource go library  implementing  the  Mega  API.   There  doesn’t  appear  to  be  any
       documentation     for     the     mega     protocol    beyond    the    mega    C++    SDK
       (https://github.com/meganz/sdk) source code so there are likely quite a few  errors  still
       remaining in this library.

       Mega allows duplicate files which may confuse rclone.

   Memory
       The  memory  backend  is  an in RAM backend.  It does not persist its data - use the local
       backend for that.

       The memory backend behaves like a bucket based remote (eg like s3).   Because  it  has  no
       parameters you can just use it with the :memory: remote name.

       You can configure it as a remote like this with rclone config too if you want to:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Memory
                 \ "memory"
              [snip]
              Storage> memory
              ** See help for memory backend at: https://rclone.org/memory/ **

              Remote config

              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = memory
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK (default)
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Because  the  memory  backend  isn’t  persistent  it is most useful for testing or with an
       rclone server or rclone mount, eg

              rclone mount :memory: /mnt/tmp
              rclone serve webdav :memory:
              rclone serve sftp :memory:

   Modified time and hashes
       The memory backend supports MD5 hashes and modification times accurate to 1 nS.

   Restricted filename characters
       The    memory    backend    replaces    the    default    restricted    characters     set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters).

   Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
       Paths  are  specified  as  remote:container  (or remote: for the lsd command.) You may put
       subdirectories in too, eg remote:container/path/to/dir.

       Here is an example of making a Microsoft Azure Blob Storage configuration.  For  a  remote
       called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
                 \ "azureblob"
              [snip]
              Storage> azureblob
              Storage Account Name
              account> account_name
              Storage Account Key
              key> base64encodedkey==
              Endpoint for the service - leave blank normally.
              endpoint>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              account = account_name
              key = base64encodedkey==
              endpoint =
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       See all containers

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new container

              rclone mkdir remote:container

       List the contents of a container

              rclone ls remote:container

       Sync  /home/local/directory  to  the  remote  container,  deleting any excess files in the
       container.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:container

   –fast-list
       This remote supports --fast-list which allows you to use fewer  transactions  in  exchange
       for  more  memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list) for more
       details.

   Modified time
       The modified time is stored as metadata on the object with the mtime key.   It  is  stored
       using  RFC3339  Format  time  with  nanosecond precision.  The metadata is supplied during
       directory listings so there is no overhead to using it.

   Restricted filename characters
       In      addition      to      the      default       restricted       characters       set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters)  the  following  characters  are also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       /           0x2F        /
       \           0x5C        \

       File names can also not end with the following characters.  These  only  get  replaced  if
       they are the last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       .           0x2E        .

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Hashes
       MD5 hashes are stored with blobs.  However blobs that were uploaded in chunks only have an
       MD5 if the source remote was capable of MD5 hashes, eg the local disk.

   Authenticating with Azure Blob Storage
       Rclone has 3 ways of authenticating with Azure Blob Storage:

   Account and Key
       This  is  the  most straight forward and least flexible way.  Just fill in the account and
       key lines and leave the rest blank.

   SAS URL
       This can be an account level SAS URL or container level SAS URL.

       To use it leave account, key blank and fill in sas_url.

       An account level SAS URL or container level SAS URL can be obtained from the Azure  portal
       or  the  Azure  Storage  Explorer.   To  get  a  container  level SAS URL right click on a
       container in the Azure Blob explorer in the Azure portal.

       If you use a container level SAS URL, rclone operations are permitted only on a particular
       container, eg

              rclone ls azureblob:container

       You  can  also list the single container from the root.  This will only show the container
       specified by the SAS URL.

              $ rclone lsd azureblob:
              container/

       Note that you can’t see or access any other containers - this will fail

              rclone ls azureblob:othercontainer

       Container level SAS URLs are useful for temporarily allowing third  parties  access  to  a
       single  container  or putting credentials into an untrusted environment such as a CI build
       server.

   Multipart uploads
       Rclone supports multipart uploads with Azure Blob storage.  Files bigger than  256MB  will
       be uploaded using chunked upload by default.

       The files will be uploaded in parallel in 4MB chunks (by default).  Note that these chunks
       are buffered in memory and there may be up to --transfers of them being uploaded at once.

       Files can’t be split into more than 50,000 chunks so by default, so the largest file  that
       can  be  uploaded  with  4MB chunk size is 195GB.  Above this rclone will double the chunk
       size until it creates less than 50,000 chunks.  By default this will mean a  maximum  file
       size  of  3.2TB  can  be uploaded.  This can be raised to 5TB using --azureblob-chunk-size
       100M.

       Note that rclone doesn’t commit the block list until the end of  the  upload  which  means
       that  there is a limit of 9.5TB of multipart uploads in progress as Azure won’t allow more
       than that amount of uncommitted blocks.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to azureblob (Microsoft Azure Blob Storage).

   –azureblob-account
       Storage Account Name (leave blank to use SAS URL or Emulator)

       • Config: account

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_ACCOUNT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –azureblob-key
       Storage Account Key (leave blank to use SAS URL or Emulator)

       • Config: key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –azureblob-sas-url
       SAS URL for container level access only (leave blank if using account/key or Emulator)

       • Config: sas_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_SAS_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –azureblob-use-emulator
       Uses local storage emulator if provided as `true' (leave blank if using real azure storage
       endpoint)

       • Config: use_emulator

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_USE_EMULATOR

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to azureblob (Microsoft Azure Blob Storage).

   –azureblob-endpoint
       Endpoint for the service Leave blank normally.

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –azureblob-upload-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to chunked upload (<= 256MB).

       • Config: upload_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_UPLOAD_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 256M

   –azureblob-chunk-size
       Upload chunk size (<= 100MB).

       Note  that  this  is stored in memory and there may be up to “–transfers” chunks stored at
       once in memory.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 4M

   –azureblob-list-chunk
       Size of blob list.

       This sets the number of blobs requested in each listing chunk.  Default  is  the  maximum,
       5000.   “List  blobs”  requests  are  permitted 2 minutes per megabyte to complete.  If an
       operation is taking longer than 2 minutes per megabyte on average,  it  will  time  out  (
       source    (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/setting-timeouts-for-
       blob-service-operations#exceptions-to-default-timeout-interval) ).  This can  be  used  to
       limit the number of blobs items to return, to avoid the time out.

       • Config: list_chunk

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_LIST_CHUNK

       • Type: int

       • Default: 5000

   –azureblob-access-tier
       Access tier of blob: hot, cool or archive.

       Archived  blobs can be restored by setting access tier to hot or cool.  Leave blank if you
       intend to use default access tier, which is set at account level

       If there is no “access tier” specified, rclone doesn’t apply any  tier.   rclone  performs
       “Set  Tier”  operation  on  blobs while uploading, if objects are not modified, specifying
       “access tier” to new one will have no effect.  If blobs are in “archive tier”  at  remote,
       trying  to  perform data transfer operations from remote will not be allowed.  User should
       first restore by tiering blob to “Hot” or “Cool”.

       • Config: access_tier

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_ACCESS_TIER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –azureblob-disable-checksum
       Don’t store MD5 checksum with object metadata.

       Normally rclone will calculate the MD5 checksum of the input before uploading it so it can
       add it to metadata on the object.  This is great for data integrity checking but can cause
       long delays for large files to start uploading.

       • Config: disable_checksum

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_DISABLE_CHECKSUM

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –azureblob-memory-pool-flush-time
       How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed.  Uploads which requires additional
       buffers  (f.e  multipart)  will use memory pool for allocations.  This option controls how
       often unused buffers will be removed from the pool.

       • Config: memory_pool_flush_time

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_MEMORY_POOL_FLUSH_TIME

       • Type: Duration

       • Default: 1m0s

   –azureblob-memory-pool-use-mmap
       Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool.

       • Config: memory_pool_use_mmap

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_MEMORY_POOL_USE_MMAP

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –azureblob-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_AZUREBLOB_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8

   Limitations
       MD5  sums  are  only  uploaded with chunked files if the source has an MD5 sum.  This will
       always be the case for a local to azure copy.

   Azure Storage Emulator Support
       You can test rclone with storage emulator locally, to do  this  make  sure  azure  storage
       emulator  installed locally and set up a new remote with rclone config follow instructions
       described in introduction, set use_emulator config as true, you do  not  need  to  provide
       default account name or key if using emulator.

   Microsoft OneDrive
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       The  initial  setup for OneDrive involves getting a token from Microsoft which you need to
       do in your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              e) Edit existing remote
              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/r/c/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Microsoft OneDrive
                 \ "onedrive"
              [snip]
              Storage> onedrive
              Microsoft App Client Id
              Leave blank normally.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              client_id>
              Microsoft App Client Secret
              Leave blank normally.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              client_secret>
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              Choose a number from below, or type in an existing value
               1 / OneDrive Personal or Business
                 \ "onedrive"
               2 / Sharepoint site
                 \ "sharepoint"
               3 / Type in driveID
                 \ "driveid"
               4 / Type in SiteID
                 \ "siteid"
               5 / Search a Sharepoint site
                 \ "search"
              Your choice> 1
              Found 1 drives, please select the one you want to use:
              0: OneDrive (business) id=b!Eqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm-7mnbvcxzlkjhgfdsapoiuytrewqk
              Chose drive to use:> 0
              Found drive 'root' of type 'business', URL: https://org-my.sharepoint.com/personal/you/Documents
              Is that okay?
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = onedrive
              token = {"access_token":"youraccesstoken","token_type":"Bearer","refresh_token":"yourrefreshtoken","expiry":"2018-08-26T22:39:52.486512262+08:00"}
              drive_id = b!Eqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm-7mnbvcxzlkjhgfdsapoiuytrewqk
              drive_type = business
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to set  it  up  on  a
       machine with no Internet browser available.

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Microsoft.  This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to  the  moment  you
       get  back  the  verification  code.   This  is  on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may
       require you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your OneDrive

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your OneDrive

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an OneDrive directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Getting your own Client ID and Key
       You can use your own Client ID if the default (client_id left blank) one doesn’t work  for
       you  or you see lots of throttling.  The default Client ID and Key is shared by all rclone
       users when performing requests.

       If you are having problems with them (E.g., seeing a lot of throttling), you can get  your
       own Client ID and Key by following the steps below:

       1. Open https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_AAD_RegisteredApps/ApplicationsListBlade
          and then click New registration.

       2. Enter a name for your app, choose account type Accounts in any organizational directory
          (Any  Azure  AD  directory  - Multitenant) and personal Microsoft accounts (e.g. Skype,
          Xbox), select Web in Redirect URI Enter  http://localhost:53682/  and  click  Register.
          Copy and keep the Application (client) ID under the app name for later use.

       3. Under  manage  select  Certificates  & secrets, click New client secret.  Copy and keep
          that secret for later use.

       4. Under manage select API permissions, click Add a permission and select Microsoft  Graph
          then select delegated permissions.

       5. Search   and   select   the   following   permissions:   Files.Read,   Files.ReadWrite,
          Files.Read.All, Files.ReadWrite.All, offline_access, User.Read.   Once  selected  click
          Add permissions at the bottom.

       Now  the  application is complete.  Run rclone config to create or edit a OneDrive remote.
       Supply the app ID and password as Client ID and Secret, respectively.   rclone  will  walk
       you through the remaining steps.

   Modification time and hashes
       OneDrive  allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1 second.  These will
       be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.

       OneDrive personal supports SHA1 type hashes.  OneDrive for business and Sharepoint  Server
       support       QuickXorHash      (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/onedrive/developer/code-
       snippets/quickxorhash).

       For all types of OneDrive you can use the --checksum flag.

   Restricted filename characters
       In      addition      to      the      default       restricted       characters       set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters)  the  following  characters  are also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       "           0x22        "
       *           0x2A        *
       :           0x3A        :
       <           0x3C        <
       >           0x3E        >
       ?           0x3F        ?
       \           0x5C        \
       |           0x7C        |
       #           0x23        #
       %           0x25        %

       File names can also not end with the following characters.  These  only  get  replaced  if
       they are the last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠
       .           0x2E        .

       File  names  can also not begin with the following characters.  These only get replaced if
       they are the first character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠
       ~           0x7E        ~

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Deleting files
       Any  files  you delete with rclone will end up in the trash.  Microsoft doesn’t provide an
       API to permanently delete files, nor to empty the trash, so you will have to do that  with
       one of Microsoft’s apps or via the OneDrive website.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to onedrive (Microsoft OneDrive).

   –onedrive-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –onedrive-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to onedrive (Microsoft OneDrive).

   –onedrive-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –onedrive-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –onedrive-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –onedrive-chunk-size
       Chunk size to upload files with - must be multiple of 320k (327,680 bytes).

       Above  this  size  files  will  be  chunked - must be multiple of 320k (327,680 bytes) and
       should   not   exceed    250M    (262,144,000    bytes)    else    you    may    encounter
       "Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.InvalidClientQueryException: The request message is too big."
       Note that the chunks will be buffered into memory.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 10M

   –onedrive-drive-id
       The ID of the drive to use

       • Config: drive_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_DRIVE_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –onedrive-drive-type
       The type of the drive ( personal | business | documentLibrary )

       • Config: drive_type

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_DRIVE_TYPE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –onedrive-expose-onenote-files
       Set to make OneNote files show up in directory listings.

       By default rclone will hide OneNote files in directory listings  because  operations  like
       “Open”  and  “Update”  won’t  work  on them.  But this behaviour may also prevent you from
       deleting them.  If you want to delete OneNote files or otherwise want them to show  up  in
       directory listing, set this option.

       • Config: expose_onenote_files

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_EXPOSE_ONENOTE_FILES

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –onedrive-server-side-across-configs
       Allow server side operations (eg copy) to work across different onedrive configs.

       This  can  be useful if you wish to do a server side copy between two different Onedrives.
       Note that this isn’t enabled by default because it isn’t easy to  tell  if  it  will  work
       between any two configurations.

       • Config: server_side_across_configs

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_SERVER_SIDE_ACROSS_CONFIGS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –onedrive-no-versions
       Remove all versions on modifying operations

       Onedrive  for  business  creates  versions  when  rclone  uploads new files overwriting an
       existing one and when it sets the modification time.

       These versions take up space out of the quota.

       This flag checks for versions after file upload and setting modification time and  removes
       all but the last version.

       NB Onedrive personal can’t currently delete versions so don’t use this flag there.

       • Config: no_versions

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_NO_VERSIONS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –onedrive-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_ONEDRIVE_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default:
         Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,Hash,Percent,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,LeftSpace,LeftTilde,RightSpace,RightPeriod,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Limitations
       If you don’t use rclone for 90 days the refresh token will expire.  This  will  result  in
       authorization  problems.   This  is  easy  to  fix  by running the rclone config reconnect
       remote: command to get a new token and refresh token.

   Naming
       Note that OneDrive is case insensitive so you can’t have a file called “Hello.doc” and one
       called “hello.doc”.

       There  are quite a few characters that can’t be in OneDrive file names.  These can’t occur
       on Windows platforms, but on non-Windows platforms they are common.  Rclone will map these
       names  to and from an identical looking unicode equivalent.  For example if a file has a ?
       in it will be mapped to ? instead.

   File sizes
       The largest allowed file size is  100GB  for  both  OneDrive  Personal  and  OneDrive  for
       Business  (Updated 17 June 2020) (https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/invalid-file-
       names-and-file-types-in-onedrive-and-
       sharepoint-64883a5d-228e-48f5-b3d2-eb39e07630fa?ui=en-us&rs=en-
       us&ad=us#individualfilesize).

   Path length
       The entire path, including the file name, must  contain  fewer  than  400  characters  for
       OneDrive,  OneDrive  for  Business  and SharePoint Online.  If you are encrypting file and
       folder names with rclone, you may want to pay attention to  this  limitation  because  the
       encrypted names are typically longer than the original ones.

   Number of files
       OneDrive seems to be OK with at least 50,000 files in a folder, but at 100,000 rclone will
       get errors listing the directory like  couldn’t  list  files:  UnknownError:.   See  #2707
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2707) for more info.

       An  official  document  about the limitations for different types of OneDrive can be found
       here       (https://support.office.com/en-us/article/invalid-file-names-and-file-types-in-
       onedrive-onedrive-for-business-and-sharepoint-64883a5d-228e-48f5-b3d2-eb39e07630fa).

   Versions
       Every  change  in  a  file  OneDrive causes the service to create a new version of the the
       file.  This counts against a users quota.  For example changing the modification time of a
       file creates a second version, so the file apparently uses twice the space.

       For  example  the  copy  command  is  affected  by this as rclone copies the file and then
       afterwards sets the modification time to match the source file which uses another version.

       You can use the rclone cleanup command (see below) to remove all old versions.

       Or you can set the no_versions parameter to true and rclone  will  remove  versions  after
       operations  which create new versions.  This takes extra transactions so only enable it if
       you need it.

       Note At the time of writing Onedrive Personal creates versions (but not  for  setting  the
       modification  time)  but  the API for removing them returns “API not found” so cleanup and
       no_versions should not be used on Onedrive Personal.

   Disabling versioning
       Starting October 2018, users will no longer be able  to  disable  versioning  by  default.
       This        is       because       Microsoft       has       brought       an       update
       (https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Microsoft-OneDrive-Blog/New-Updates-to-OneDrive-
       and-SharePoint-Team-Site-Versioning/ba-p/204390)  to  the  mechanism.   To change this new
       default setting, a PowerShell command is required to be run by a SharePoint admin.  If you
       are an admin, you can run these commands in PowerShell to change that setting:

       1. Install-Module   -Name  Microsoft.Online.SharePoint.PowerShell  (in  case  you  haven’t
          installed this already)

       2. Import-Module Microsoft.Online.SharePoint.PowerShell -DisableNameChecking

       3. Connect-SPOService     -Url      https://YOURSITE-admin.sharepoint.com      -Credential
          YOU@YOURSITE.COM  (replacing  YOURSITE,  YOU, YOURSITE.COM with the actual values; this
          will prompt for your credentials)

       4. Set-SPOTenant -EnableMinimumVersionRequirement $False

       5. Disconnect-SPOService (to disconnect from the server)

       Below are the steps for normal users to disable versioning.  If  you  don’t  see  the  “No
       Versioning” option, make sure the above requirements are met.

       User  Weropol  (https://github.com/Weropol)  has  found  a method to disable versioning on
       OneDrive

       1. Open the settings menu by clicking on the gear  symbol  at  the  top  of  the  OneDrive
          Business page.

       2. Click Site settings.

       3. Once  on  the  Site settings page, navigate to Site Administration > Site libraries and
          lists.

       4. Click Customize “Documents”.

       5. Click General Settings > Versioning Settings.

       6. Under Document Version History select  the  option  No  versioning.   Note:  This  will
          disable  the  creation of new file versions, but will not remove any previous versions.
          Your documents are safe.

       7. Apply the changes by clicking OK.

       8. Use rclone to upload or modify files.  (I also use the –no-update-modtime flag)

       9. Restore the versioning settings after using rclone.  (Optional)

   Cleanup
       OneDrive supports rclone cleanup which causes rclone to look through every file under  the
       path  supplied  and  delete  all  version  but the current version.  Because this involves
       traversing all the files, then querying each file for  versions  it  can  be  quite  slow.
       Rclone  does  --checkers tests in parallel.  The command also supports -i which is a great
       way to see what it would do.

              rclone cleanup -i remote:path/subdir # interactively remove all old version for path/subdir
              rclone cleanup remote:path/subdir    # unconditionally remove all old version for path/subdir

       NB Onedrive personal can’t currently delete versions

   Troubleshooting
   Unexpected file size/hash differences on Sharepoint
       It         is         a          known          (https://github.com/OneDrive/onedrive-api-
       docs/issues/935#issuecomment-441741631)  issue  that  Sharepoint (not OneDrive or OneDrive
       for Business) silently modifies uploaded files, mainly Office files (.docx, .xlsx,  etc.),
       causing  file  size  and  hash  checks to fail.  There are also other situations that will
       cause OneDrive to report inconsistent file sizes.  To use rclone with such affected  files
       on Sharepoint, you may disable these checks with the following command line arguments:

              --ignore-checksum --ignore-size

       Alternatively,  if  you have write access to the OneDrive files, it may be possible to fix
       this problem for certain files, by attempting the steps below.  Open the web interface for
       OneDrive  (https://onedrive.live.com)  and  find  the affected files (which will be in the
       error messages/log for rclone).  Simply click on each of these files, causing OneDrive  to
       open them on the web.  This will cause each file to be converted in place to a format that
       is functionally equivalent but which will no longer trigger the  size  discrepancy.   Once
       all problematic files are converted you will no longer need the ignore options above.

   Replacing/deleting existing files on Sharepoint gets “item not found”
       It  is  a  known  (https://github.com/OneDrive/onedrive-api-docs/issues/1068)  issue  that
       Sharepoint (not OneDrive or OneDrive for Business) may return “item not found” errors when
       users  try  to  replace or delete uploaded files; this seems to mainly affect Office files
       (.docx, .xlsx, etc.).  As a workaround, you may use the --backup-dir <BACKUP_DIR>  command
       line  argument  so  rclone  moves  the  files  to  be replaced/deleted into a given backup
       directory (instead of directly replacing/deleting them).  For example, to instruct  rclone
       to  move  the  files into the directory rclone-backup-dir on backend mysharepoint, you may
       use:

              --backup-dir mysharepoint:rclone-backup-dir

   access_denied (AADSTS65005)
              Error: access_denied
              Code: AADSTS65005
              Description: Using application 'rclone' is currently not supported for your organization [YOUR_ORGANIZATION] because it is in an unmanaged state. An administrator needs to claim ownership of the company by DNS validation of [YOUR_ORGANIZATION] before the application rclone can be provisioned.

       This means that rclone can’t use the OneDrive for Business API  with  your  account.   You
       can’t do much about it, maybe write an email to your admins.

       However,  there are other ways to interact with your OneDrive account.  Have a look at the
       webdav backend: https://rclone.org/webdav/#sharepoint

   invalid_grant (AADSTS50076)
              Error: invalid_grant
              Code: AADSTS50076
              Description: Due to a configuration change made by your administrator, or because you moved to a new location, you must use multi-factor authentication to access '...'.

       If you see the error above after enabling multi-factor authentication  for  your  account,
       you can fix it by refreshing your OAuth refresh token.  To do that, run rclone config, and
       choose to edit your OneDrive backend.  Then, you don’t need to actually make  any  changes
       until you reach this question: Already have a token - refresh?.  For this question, answer
       y and go through the process to refresh your token, just like the first time  the  backend
       is configured.  After this, rclone should work again for this backend.

   OpenDrive
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / OpenDrive
                 \ "opendrive"
              [snip]
              Storage> opendrive
              Username
              username>
              Password
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              y/g> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              --------------------
              [remote]
              username =
              password = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       List directories in top level of your OpenDrive

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your OpenDrive

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an OpenDrive directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Modified time and MD5SUMs
       OpenDrive allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1 second.  These will
       be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.

   Restricted filename characters
       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       /           0x2F        /
       "           0x22        "
       *           0x2A        *
       :           0x3A        :
       <           0x3C        <
       >           0x3E        >
       ?           0x3F        ?
       \           0x5C        \
       |           0x7C        |

       File names can also not begin or end  with  the  following  characters.   These  only  get
       replaced if they are the first or last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠
       HT          0x09         ␉
       LF          0x0A         ␊
       VT          0x0B         ␋
       CR          0x0D         ␍

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to opendrive (OpenDrive).

   –opendrive-username
       Username

       • Config: username

       • Env Var: RCLONE_OPENDRIVE_USERNAME

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –opendrive-password
       Password.

       NB    Input    to    this    must     be     obscured     -     see     rclone     obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: password

       • Env Var: RCLONE_OPENDRIVE_PASSWORD

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to opendrive (OpenDrive).

   –opendrive-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_OPENDRIVE_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default:
         Slash,LtGt,DoubleQuote,Colon,Question,Asterisk,Pipe,BackSlash,LeftSpace,LeftCrLfHtVt,RightSpace,RightCrLfHtVt,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   –opendrive-chunk-size
       Files will be uploaded in chunks this size.

       Note that these chunks are buffered in memory so increasing them will increase memory use.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_OPENDRIVE_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 10M

   Limitations
       Note that OpenDrive is case insensitive so you can’t have a file  called  “Hello.doc”  and
       one called “hello.doc”.

       There are quite a few characters that can’t be in OpenDrive file names.  These can’t occur
       on Windows platforms, but on non-Windows platforms they are common.  Rclone will map these
       names  to and from an identical looking unicode equivalent.  For example if a file has a ?
       in it will be mapped to ? instead.

   QingStor
       Paths are specified as remote:bucket (or  remote:  for  the  lsd  command.)  You  may  put
       subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.

       Here is an example of making an QingStor configuration.  First run

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/r/c/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / QingStor Object Storage
                 \ "qingstor"
              [snip]
              Storage> qingstor
              Get QingStor credentials from runtime. Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Enter QingStor credentials in the next step
                 \ "false"
               2 / Get QingStor credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
                 \ "true"
              env_auth> 1
              QingStor Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              access_key_id> access_key
              QingStor Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
              secret_access_key> secret_key
              Enter an endpoint URL to connection QingStor API.
              Leave blank will use the default value "https://qingstor.com:443"
              endpoint>
              Zone connect to. Default is "pek3a".
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
                 / The Beijing (China) Three Zone
               1 | Needs location constraint pek3a.
                 \ "pek3a"
                 / The Shanghai (China) First Zone
               2 | Needs location constraint sh1a.
                 \ "sh1a"
              zone> 1
              Number of connection retry.
              Leave blank will use the default value "3".
              connection_retries>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              env_auth = false
              access_key_id = access_key
              secret_access_key = secret_key
              endpoint =
              zone = pek3a
              connection_retries =
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       This remote is called remote and can now be used like this

       See all buckets

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new bucket

              rclone mkdir remote:bucket

       List the contents of a bucket

              rclone ls remote:bucket

       Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess files in the bucket.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:bucket

   –fast-list
       This  remote  supports  --fast-list which allows you to use fewer transactions in exchange
       for more memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list)  for  more
       details.

   Multipart uploads
       rclone  supports  multipart  uploads  with  QingStor  which means that it can upload files
       bigger than 5GB.  Note that files uploaded with multipart upload don’t have an MD5SUM.

       Note that incomplete multipart uploads older than 24 hours  can  be  removed  with  rclone
       cleanup  remote:bucket  just  for  one  bucket  rclone  cleanup  remote:  for all buckets.
       QingStor does not ever remove incomplete multipart uploads so it may be necessary  to  run
       this from time to time.

   Buckets and Zone
       With  QingStor  you  can list buckets (rclone lsd) using any zone, but you can only access
       the content of a bucket from the zone it was created in.   If  you  attempt  to  access  a
       bucket  from  the  wrong zone, you will get an error, incorrect zone, the bucket is not in
       'XXX' zone.

   Authentication
       There are two ways to supply rclone with a set  of  QingStor  credentials.   In  order  of
       precedence:

       • Directly in the rclone configuration file (as configured by rclone config)

         • set access_key_id and secret_access_key

       • Runtime configuration:

         • set env_auth to true in the config file

         • Exporting the following environment variables before running rclone

           • Access Key ID: QS_ACCESS_KEY_ID or QS_ACCESS_KEY

           • Secret Access Key: QS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY or QS_SECRET_KEY

   Restricted filename characters
       The  control  characters  0x00-0x1F  and  /  are  replaced  as  in  the default restricted
       characters set (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters).  Note  that  0x7F  is
       not replaced.

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to qingstor (QingCloud Object Storage).

   –qingstor-env-auth
       Get  QingStor   credentials   from   runtime.    Only   applies   if   access_key_id   and
       secret_access_key is blank.

       • Config: env_auth

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_ENV_AUTH

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

       • Examples:

         • “false”

           • Enter QingStor credentials in the next step

         • “true”

           • Get QingStor credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)

   –qingstor-access-key-id
       QingStor Access Key ID Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.

       • Config: access_key_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_ACCESS_KEY_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –qingstor-secret-access-key
       QingStor  Secret  Access  Key  (password)  Leave  blank  for  anonymous  access or runtime
       credentials.

       • Config: secret_access_key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –qingstor-endpoint
       Enter an endpoint URL to connection QingStor API.  Leave blank will use the default  value
       “https://qingstor.com:443”

       • Config: endpoint

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_ENDPOINT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –qingstor-zone
       Zone to connect to.  Default is “pek3a”.

       • Config: zone

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_ZONE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “pek3a”

           • The Beijing (China) Three Zone

           • Needs location constraint pek3a.

         • “sh1a”

           • The Shanghai (China) First Zone

           • Needs location constraint sh1a.

         • “gd2a”

           • The Guangdong (China) Second Zone

           • Needs location constraint gd2a.

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to qingstor (QingCloud Object Storage).

   –qingstor-connection-retries
       Number of connection retries.

       • Config: connection_retries

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_CONNECTION_RETRIES

       • Type: int

       • Default: 3

   –qingstor-upload-cutoff
       Cutoff for switching to chunked upload

       Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of chunk_size.  The minimum is 0 and
       the maximum is 5GB.

       • Config: upload_cutoff

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_UPLOAD_CUTOFF

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 200M

   –qingstor-chunk-size
       Chunk size to use for uploading.

       When uploading files larger than upload_cutoff they will be uploaded as multipart  uploads
       using this chunk size.

       Note  that  “–qingstor-upload-concurrency”  chunks of this size are buffered in memory per
       transfer.

       If you are transferring large files over high speed links and you have enough memory, then
       increasing this will speed up the transfers.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 4M

   –qingstor-upload-concurrency
       Concurrency for multipart uploads.

       This is the number of chunks of the same file that are uploaded concurrently.

       NB  if  you  set  this to > 1 then the checksums of multpart uploads become corrupted (the
       uploads themselves are not corrupted though).

       If you are uploading small numbers of large file over high speed link and these uploads do
       not fully utilize your bandwidth, then increasing this may help to speed up the transfers.

       • Config: upload_concurrency

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY

       • Type: int

       • Default: 1

   –qingstor-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_QINGSTOR_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,Ctl,InvalidUtf8

   Swift
       Swift  refers  to  OpenStack  Object  Storage  (https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/).
       Commercial implementations of that being:

       • Rackspace Cloud Files (https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/files/)

       • Memset Memstore (https://www.memset.com/cloud/storage/)

       • OVH Object Storage (https://www.ovh.co.uk/public-cloud/storage/object-storage/)

       • Oracle Cloud Storage (https://cloud.oracle.com/storage-opc)

       • IBM              Bluemix              Cloud              ObjectStorage             Swift
         (https://console.bluemix.net/docs/infrastructure/objectstorage-swift/index.html)

       Paths are specified as remote:container (or remote: for the  lsd  command.)  You  may  put
       subdirectories in too, eg remote:container/path/to/dir.

       Here is an example of making a swift configuration.  First run

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / OpenStack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
                 \ "swift"
              [snip]
              Storage> swift
              Get swift credentials from environment variables in standard OpenStack form.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Enter swift credentials in the next step
                 \ "false"
               2 / Get swift credentials from environment vars. Leave other fields blank if using this.
                 \ "true"
              env_auth> true
              User name to log in (OS_USERNAME).
              user>
              API key or password (OS_PASSWORD).
              key>
              Authentication URL for server (OS_AUTH_URL).
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Rackspace US
                 \ "https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
               2 / Rackspace UK
                 \ "https://lon.auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
               3 / Rackspace v2
                 \ "https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0"
               4 / Memset Memstore UK
                 \ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v1.0"
               5 / Memset Memstore UK v2
                 \ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v2.0"
               6 / OVH
                 \ "https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v3"
              auth>
              User ID to log in - optional - most swift systems use user and leave this blank (v3 auth) (OS_USER_ID).
              user_id>
              User domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME)
              domain>
              Tenant name - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant_id required otherwise (OS_TENANT_NAME or OS_PROJECT_NAME)
              tenant>
              Tenant ID - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant required otherwise (OS_TENANT_ID)
              tenant_id>
              Tenant domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME)
              tenant_domain>
              Region name - optional (OS_REGION_NAME)
              region>
              Storage URL - optional (OS_STORAGE_URL)
              storage_url>
              Auth Token from alternate authentication - optional (OS_AUTH_TOKEN)
              auth_token>
              AuthVersion - optional - set to (1,2,3) if your auth URL has no version (ST_AUTH_VERSION)
              auth_version>
              Endpoint type to choose from the service catalogue (OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE)
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Public (default, choose this if not sure)
                 \ "public"
               2 / Internal (use internal service net)
                 \ "internal"
               3 / Admin
                 \ "admin"
              endpoint_type>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [test]
              env_auth = true
              user =
              key =
              auth =
              user_id =
              domain =
              tenant =
              tenant_id =
              tenant_domain =
              region =
              storage_url =
              auth_token =
              auth_version =
              endpoint_type =
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       This remote is called remote and can now be used like this

       See all containers

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new container

              rclone mkdir remote:container

       List the contents of a container

              rclone ls remote:container

       Sync  /home/local/directory  to  the  remote  container,  deleting any excess files in the
       container.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:container

   Configuration from an OpenStack credentials file
       An OpenStack credentials file typically looks something something like this  (without  the
       comments)

              export OS_AUTH_URL=https://a.provider.net/v2.0
              export OS_TENANT_ID=ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
              export OS_TENANT_NAME="1234567890123456"
              export OS_USERNAME="123abc567xy"
              echo "Please enter your OpenStack Password: "
              read -sr OS_PASSWORD_INPUT
              export OS_PASSWORD=$OS_PASSWORD_INPUT
              export OS_REGION_NAME="SBG1"
              if [ -z "$OS_REGION_NAME" ]; then unset OS_REGION_NAME; fi

       The  config file needs to look something like this where $OS_USERNAME represents the value
       of the OS_USERNAME variable - 123abc567xy in the example above.

              [remote]
              type = swift
              user = $OS_USERNAME
              key = $OS_PASSWORD
              auth = $OS_AUTH_URL
              tenant = $OS_TENANT_NAME

       Note that you may (or may not) need to set region too - try without first.

   Configuration from the environment
       If you prefer you can configure rclone to use swift using  a  standard  set  of  OpenStack
       environment variables.

       When  you  run  through  the  config,  make  sure  you  choose true for env_auth and leave
       everything else blank.

       rclone will then set any empty config  parameters  from  the  environment  using  standard
       OpenStack    environment    variables.     There    is    a    list   of   the   variables
       (https://godoc.org/github.com/ncw/swift#Connection.ApplyEnvironment) in the docs  for  the
       swift library.

   Using an alternate authentication method
       If your OpenStack installation uses a non-standard authentication method that might not be
       yet supported by rclone or the underlying swift library, you can  authenticate  externally
       (e.g. calling  manually  the  openstack  commands to get a token).  Then, you just need to
       pass the two configuration  variables  auth_token  and  storage_url.   If  they  are  both
       provided,  the  other  variables  are  ignored.   rclone  will not try to authenticate but
       instead assume it is already authenticated and use  these  two  variables  to  access  the
       OpenStack installation.

   Using rclone without a config file
       You can use rclone with swift without a config file, if desired, like this:

              source openstack-credentials-file
              export RCLONE_CONFIG_MYREMOTE_TYPE=swift
              export RCLONE_CONFIG_MYREMOTE_ENV_AUTH=true
              rclone lsd myremote:

   –fast-list
       This  remote  supports  --fast-list which allows you to use fewer transactions in exchange
       for more memory.   See  the  rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list)  for  more
       details.

   –update and –use-server-modtime
       As  noted  below,  the  modified  time is stored on metadata on the object.  It is used by
       default for all operations that require checking the time a file  was  last  updated.   It
       allows  rclone  to  treat  the  remote  more like a true filesystem, but it is inefficient
       because it requires an extra API call to retrieve the metadata.

       For many operations, the time the object was last uploaded to the remote is sufficient  to
       determine  if  it  is “dirty”.  By using --update along with --use-server-modtime, you can
       avoid the extra API call and simply upload files whose local modtime  is  newer  than  the
       time it was last uploaded.

   Standard Options
       Here  are  the standard options specific to swift (OpenStack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files,
       Memset Memstore, OVH)).

   –swift-env-auth
       Get swift credentials from environment variables in standard OpenStack form.

       • Config: env_auth

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_ENV_AUTH

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

       • Examples:

         • “false”

           • Enter swift credentials in the next step

         • “true”

           • Get swift credentials from environment vars.  Leave  other  fields  blank  if  using
             this.

   –swift-user
       User name to log in (OS_USERNAME).

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-key
       API key or password (OS_PASSWORD).

       • Config: key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-auth
       Authentication URL for server (OS_AUTH_URL).

       • Config: auth

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_AUTH

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0”

           • Rackspace US

         • “https://lon.auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0”

           • Rackspace UK

         • “https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0”

           • Rackspace v2

         • “https://auth.storage.memset.com/v1.0”

           • Memset Memstore UK

         • “https://auth.storage.memset.com/v2.0”

           • Memset Memstore UK v2

         • “https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v3”

           • OVH

   –swift-user-id
       User  ID to log in - optional - most swift systems use user and leave this blank (v3 auth)
       (OS_USER_ID).

       • Config: user_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_USER_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-domain
       User domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME)

       • Config: domain

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_DOMAIN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-tenant
       Tenant name - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant_id required  otherwise  (OS_TENANT_NAME
       or OS_PROJECT_NAME)

       • Config: tenant

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_TENANT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-tenant-id
       Tenant ID - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant required otherwise (OS_TENANT_ID)

       • Config: tenant_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_TENANT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-tenant-domain
       Tenant domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME)

       • Config: tenant_domain

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_TENANT_DOMAIN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-region
       Region name - optional (OS_REGION_NAME)

       • Config: region

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_REGION

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-storage-url
       Storage URL - optional (OS_STORAGE_URL)

       • Config: storage_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_STORAGE_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-auth-token
       Auth Token from alternate authentication - optional (OS_AUTH_TOKEN)

       • Config: auth_token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_AUTH_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-application-credential-id
       Application Credential ID (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_ID)

       • Config: application_credential_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-application-credential-name
       Application Credential Name (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_NAME)

       • Config: application_credential_name

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_NAME

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-application-credential-secret
       Application Credential Secret (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_SECRET)

       • Config: application_credential_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –swift-auth-version
       AuthVersion - optional - set to (1,2,3) if your auth URL has no version (ST_AUTH_VERSION)

       • Config: auth_version

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_AUTH_VERSION

       • Type: int

       • Default: 0

   –swift-endpoint-type
       Endpoint type to choose from the service catalogue (OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE)

       • Config: endpoint_type

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_ENDPOINT_TYPE

       • Type: string

       • Default: “public”

       • Examples:

         • “public”

           • Public (default, choose this if not sure)

         • “internal”

           • Internal (use internal service net)

         • “admin”

           • Admin

   –swift-storage-policy
       The storage policy to use when creating a new container

       This  applies  the  specified  storage  policy  when creating a new container.  The policy
       cannot be changed afterwards.  The allowed configuration values and their  meaning  depend
       on your Swift storage provider.

       • Config: storage_policy

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_STORAGE_POLICY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • ""

           • Default

         • “pcs”

           • OVH Public Cloud Storage

         • “pca”

           • OVH Public Cloud Archive

   Advanced Options
       Here  are  the advanced options specific to swift (OpenStack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files,
       Memset Memstore, OVH)).

   –swift-chunk-size
       Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container.

       Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container.  The default for this is
       5GB which is its maximum value.

       • Config: chunk_size

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_CHUNK_SIZE

       • Type: SizeSuffix

       • Default: 5G

   –swift-no-chunk
       Don’t chunk files during streaming upload.

       When  doing  streaming  uploads  (eg using rcat or mount) setting this flag will cause the
       swift backend to not upload chunked files.

       This will limit the maximum upload size to 5GB.  However non chunked files are  easier  to
       deal with and have an MD5SUM.

       Rclone will still chunk files bigger than chunk_size when doing normal copy operations.

       • Config: no_chunk

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_NO_CHUNK

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –swift-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,InvalidUtf8

   Modified time
       The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as X-Object-Meta-Mtime  as  floating
       point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns.

       This  is  a de facto standard (used in the official python-swiftclient amongst others) for
       storing the modification time for an object.

   Restricted filename characters
       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       /           0x2F        /

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Limitations
       The Swift API doesn’t return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files (Dynamic or Static Large
       Objects) so rclone won’t check or use the MD5SUM for these.

   Troubleshooting
   Rclone gives Failed to create file system for “remote:”: Bad Request
       Due to an oddity of the underlying swift library, it gives a “Bad  Request”  error  rather
       than a more sensible error when the authentication fails for Swift.

       So  this most likely means your username / password is wrong.  You can investigate further
       with the --dump-bodies flag.

       This may also be caused by specifying the region when you shouldn’t have (eg OVH).

   Rclone gives Failed to create file system: Response didn’t have storage url and auth token
       This is most likely caused by forgetting to specify your tenant when setting  up  a  swift
       remote.

   pCloud
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       The  initial setup for pCloud involves getting a token from pCloud which you need to do in
       your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Pcloud
                 \ "pcloud"
              [snip]
              Storage> pcloud
              Pcloud App Client Id - leave blank normally.
              client_id>
              Pcloud App Client Secret - leave blank normally.
              client_secret>
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              client_id =
              client_secret =
              token = {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"bearer","expiry":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to set  it  up  on  a
       machine with no Internet browser available.

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from pCloud.  This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment  you  get
       back  the  verification  code.  This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require
       you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your pCloud

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your pCloud

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an pCloud directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Modified time and hashes
       pCloud allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1 second.  These will be
       used  to  detect whether objects need syncing or not.  In order to set a Modification time
       pCloud requires the object be re-uploaded.

       pCloud supports MD5 and SHA1 type hashes, so you can use the --checksum flag.

   Restricted filename characters
       In      addition      to      the      default       restricted       characters       set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters)  the  following  characters  are also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       \           0x5C        \

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Deleting files
       Deleted files will be moved to the trash.  Your subscription level will determine how long
       items stay in the trash.  rclone cleanup can be used to empty the trash.

   Root folder ID
       You can set the root_folder_id for rclone.  This  is  the  directory  (identified  by  its
       Folder ID) that rclone considers to be the root of your pCloud drive.

       Normally  you  will  leave  this  blank  and rclone will determine the correct root to use
       itself.

       However you can set this to restrict rclone to a specific folder hierarchy.

       In order to do this you will have to find the Folder ID of the directory you  wish  rclone
       to display.  This will be the folder field of the URL when you open the relevant folder in
       the pCloud web interface.

       So  if  the  folder  you   want   rclone   to   use   has   a   URL   which   looks   like
       https://my.pcloud.com/#page=filemanager&folder=5xxxxxxxx8&tpl=foldergrid  in  the browser,
       then you use 5xxxxxxxx8 as the root_folder_id in the config.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to pcloud (Pcloud).

   –pcloud-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PCLOUD_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –pcloud-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PCLOUD_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to pcloud (Pcloud).

   –pcloud-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PCLOUD_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –pcloud-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PCLOUD_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –pcloud-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PCLOUD_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –pcloud-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PCLOUD_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   –pcloud-root-folder-id
       Fill in for rclone to use a non root folder as its starting point.

       • Config: root_folder_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PCLOUD_ROOT_FOLDER_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: “d0”

   –pcloud-hostname
       Hostname to connect to.

       This  is  normally  set  when rclone initially does the oauth connection, however you will
       need to set it by hand if you are using remote config with rclone authorize.

       • Config: hostname

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PCLOUD_HOSTNAME

       • Type: string

       • Default: “api.pcloud.com”

       • Examples:

         • “api.pcloud.com”

           • Original/US region

         • “eapi.pcloud.com”

           • EU region

   premiumize.me
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       The initial setup for premiumize.me (https://premiumize.me/) involves getting a token from
       premiumize.me which you need to do in your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / premiumize.me
                 \ "premiumizeme"
              [snip]
              Storage> premiumizeme
              ** See help for premiumizeme backend at: https://rclone.org/premiumizeme/ **

              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = premiumizeme
              token = {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"Bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"2029-08-07T18:44:15.548915378+01:00"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d>

       See  the  remote  setup  docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to set it up on a
       machine with no Internet browser available.

       Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token  as  returned
       from  premiumize.me.   This  only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment
       you get back the verification code.  This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and  this  it  may
       require you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your premiumize.me

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your premiumize.me

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an premiumize.me directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Modified time and hashes
       premiumize.me  does  not  support  modification  times  or  hashes, therefore syncing will
       default to --size-only checking.  Note that using --update will work.

   Restricted filename characters
       In      addition      to      the      default       restricted       characters       set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters)  the  following  characters  are also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       \           0x5C        \
       "           0x22        "

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to premiumizeme (premiumize.me).

   –premiumizeme-api-key
       API Key.

       This is not normally used - use oauth instead.

       • Config: api_key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PREMIUMIZEME_API_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to premiumizeme (premiumize.me).

   –premiumizeme-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PREMIUMIZEME_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,DoubleQuote,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Limitations
       Note that premiumize.me is case insensitive so you can’t have a  file  called  “Hello.doc”
       and one called “hello.doc”.

       premiumize.me  file  names  can’t have the \ or " characters in.  rclone maps these to and
       from an identical looking unicode equivalents \ and "

       premiumize.me only supports filenames up to 255 characters in length.

   put.io
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       put.io paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       The initial setup for put.io involves getting a token from put.io which you need to do  in
       your browser.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> putio
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Put.io
                 \ "putio"
              [snip]
              Storage> putio
              ** See help for putio backend at: https://rclone.org/putio/ **

              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [putio]
              type = putio
              token = {"access_token":"XXXXXXXX","expiry":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y
              Current remotes:

              Name                 Type
              ====                 ====
              putio                putio

              e) Edit existing remote
              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/r/c/s/q> q

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Google if you use auto config mode.  This only runs from the  moment  it  opens  your
       browser   to   the   moment   you   get   back   the   verification   code.   This  is  on
       http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to unblock it temporarily if  you  are
       running a host firewall, or use manual mode.

       You can then use it like this,

       List directories in top level of your put.io

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your put.io

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to a put.io directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       \           0x5C        \

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to putio (Put.io).

   –putio-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_PUTIO_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,BackSlash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Seafile
       This  is  a backend for the Seafile (https://www.seafile.com/) storage service: - It works
       with both the free community edition or the professional edition.  - Seafile versions  6.x
       and  7.x  are all supported.  - Encrypted libraries are also supported.  - It supports 2FA
       enabled users

   Root mode vs Library mode
       There are two distinct modes you can setup your remote: - you point  your  remote  to  the
       root  of  the  server, meaning you don’t specify a library during the configuration: Paths
       are  specified   as   remote:library.    You   may   put   subdirectories   in   too,   eg
       remote:library/path/to/dir.   -  you  point  your  remote to a specific library during the
       configuration: Paths are specified as remote:path/to/dir.  This is  the  recommended  mode
       when  using  encrypted  libraries.   (This  mode is possibly slightly faster than the root
       mode)

   Configuration in root mode
       Here is an example of making a  seafile  configuration  for  a  user  with  no  two-factor
       authentication.  First run

              rclone config

       This  will  guide you through an interactive setup process.  To authenticate you will need
       the URL of your server, your email (or username) and your password.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> seafile
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Seafile
                 \ "seafile"
              [snip]
              Storage> seafile
              ** See help for seafile backend at: https://rclone.org/seafile/ **

              URL of seafile host to connect to
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Connect to cloud.seafile.com
                 \ "https://cloud.seafile.com/"
              url> http://my.seafile.server/
              User name (usually email address)
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              user> me@example.com
              Password
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank (default)
              y/g> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              Two-factor authentication ('true' if the account has 2FA enabled)
              Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
              2fa> false
              Name of the library. Leave blank to access all non-encrypted libraries.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              library>
              Library password (for encrypted libraries only). Leave blank if you pass it through the command line.
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank (default)
              y/g/n> n
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No (default)
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              Two-factor authentication is not enabled on this account.
              --------------------
              [seafile]
              type = seafile
              url = http://my.seafile.server/
              user = me@example.com
              pass = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              2fa = false
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK (default)
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       This remote is called seafile.  It’s pointing to the root of your seafile server  and  can
       now be used like this:

       See all libraries

              rclone lsd seafile:

       Create a new library

              rclone mkdir seafile:library

       List the contents of a library

              rclone ls seafile:library

       Sync  /home/local/directory  to  the  remote  library,  deleting  any  excess files in the
       library.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory seafile:library

   Configuration in library mode
       Here’s an example of a configuration in library mode with a user that has  the  two-factor
       authentication  enabled.  Your 2FA code will be asked at the end of the configuration, and
       will attempt to authenticate you:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> seafile
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Seafile
                 \ "seafile"
              [snip]
              Storage> seafile
              ** See help for seafile backend at: https://rclone.org/seafile/ **

              URL of seafile host to connect to
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Connect to cloud.seafile.com
                 \ "https://cloud.seafile.com/"
              url> http://my.seafile.server/
              User name (usually email address)
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              user> me@example.com
              Password
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank (default)
              y/g> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              Two-factor authentication ('true' if the account has 2FA enabled)
              Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
              2fa> true
              Name of the library. Leave blank to access all non-encrypted libraries.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              library> My Library
              Library password (for encrypted libraries only). Leave blank if you pass it through the command line.
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank (default)
              y/g/n> n
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No (default)
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              Two-factor authentication: please enter your 2FA code
              2fa code> 123456
              Authenticating...
              Success!
              --------------------
              [seafile]
              type = seafile
              url = http://my.seafile.server/
              user = me@example.com
              pass =
              2fa = true
              library = My Library
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK (default)
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       You’ll notice your password is blank in the configuration.  It’s because we only need  the
       password to authenticate you once.

       You  specified My Library during the configuration.  The root of the remote is pointing at
       the root of the library My Library:

       See all files in the library:

              rclone lsd seafile:

       Create a new directory inside the library

              rclone mkdir seafile:directory

       List the contents of a directory

              rclone ls seafile:directory

       Sync /home/local/directory to the  remote  library,  deleting  any  excess  files  in  the
       library.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory seafile:

   –fast-list
       Seafile  version  7+  supports  --fast-list  which allows you to use fewer transactions in
       exchange for more memory.  See the rclone  docs  (https://rclone.org/docs/#fast-list)  for
       more details.  Please note this is not supported on seafile server version 6.x

   Restricted filename characters
       In       addition       to       the      default      restricted      characters      set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) the  following  characters  are  also
       replaced:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       /           0x2F        /
       "           0x22        "
       \           0x5C        \

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Seafile and rclone link
       Rclone supports generating share links for non-encrypted libraries only.  They can  either
       be for a file or a directory:

              rclone link seafile:seafile-tutorial.doc
              http://my.seafile.server/f/fdcd8a2f93f84b8b90f4/

       or if run on a directory you will get:

              rclone link seafile:dir
              http://my.seafile.server/d/9ea2455f6f55478bbb0d/

       Please  note a share link is unique for each file or directory.  If you run a link command
       on a file/dir that has already been shared, you will get the exact same link.

   Compatibility
       It    has    been    actively    tested     using     the     seafile     docker     image
       (https://github.com/haiwen/seafile-docker)  of these versions: - 6.3.4 community edition -
       7.0.5 community edition - 7.1.3 community edition

       Versions below 6.0 are not supported.  Versions between 6.0 and 6.3  haven’t  been  tested
       and might not work properly.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to seafile (seafile).

   –seafile-url
       URL of seafile host to connect to

       • Config: url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “https://cloud.seafile.com/”

           • Connect to cloud.seafile.com

   –seafile-user
       User name (usually email address)

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –seafile-pass
       Password

       NB     Input     to     this     must     be     obscured    -    see    rclone    obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: pass

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_PASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –seafile-2fa
       Two-factor authentication (`true' if the account has 2FA enabled)

       • Config: 2fa

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_2FA

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –seafile-library
       Name of the library.  Leave blank to access all non-encrypted libraries.

       • Config: library

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_LIBRARY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –seafile-library-key
       Library password (for encrypted libraries only).  Leave blank if you pass it  through  the
       command line.

       NB     Input     to     this     must     be     obscured    -    see    rclone    obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: library_key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_LIBRARY_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –seafile-auth-token
       Authentication token

       • Config: auth_token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_AUTH_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to seafile (seafile).

   –seafile-create-library
       Should rclone create a library if it doesn’t exist

       • Config: create_library

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_CREATE_LIBRARY

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –seafile-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SEAFILE_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,DoubleQuote,BackSlash,Ctl,InvalidUtf8

   SFTP
       SFTP      is      the      Secure      (or      SSH)      File      Transfer      Protocol
       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol).

       The SFTP backend can be used with a number of different providers:

       • C14

       • rsync.net

       SFTP runs over SSH v2 and is installed as standard with most modern SSH installations.

       Paths are specified as remote:path.  If the path does not begin with a / it is relative to
       the  home  directory  of  the  user.   An  empty  path  remote:  refers to the user’s home
       directory.

       "Note that some SFTP servers will need the leading / - Synology is a good example of this.
       rsync.net, on the other hand, requires users to OMIT the leading /.

       Here is an example of making an SFTP configuration.  First run

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process.

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / SSH/SFTP Connection
                 \ "sftp"
              [snip]
              Storage> sftp
              SSH host to connect to
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Connect to example.com
                 \ "example.com"
              host> example.com
              SSH username, leave blank for current username, ncw
              user> sftpuser
              SSH port, leave blank to use default (22)
              port>
              SSH password, leave blank to use ssh-agent.
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank
              y/g/n> n
              Path to unencrypted PEM-encoded private key file, leave blank to use ssh-agent.
              key_file>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              host = example.com
              user = sftpuser
              port =
              pass =
              key_file =
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       This remote is called remote and can now be used like this:

       See all directories in the home directory

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new directory

              rclone mkdir remote:path/to/directory

       List the contents of a directory

              rclone ls remote:path/to/directory

       Sync  /home/local/directory  to  the  remote  directory,  deleting any excess files in the
       directory.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:directory

   SSH Authentication
       The SFTP remote supports three authentication methods:

       • Password

       • Key file

       • ssh-agent

       Key files should be PEM-encoded private key files.  For instance  /home/$USER/.ssh/id_rsa.
       Only unencrypted OpenSSH or PEM encrypted files are supported.

       The  key  file  can be specified in either an external file (key_file) or contained within
       the rclone config file (key_pem).  If using key_pem in the config file, the  entry  should
       be on a single line with new line (`' or `') separating lines.  i.e.

       key_pem = —–BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY—–0gAMbMbaSsd—–END RSA PRIVATE KEY—–

       This will generate it correctly for key_pem for use in the config:

              awk '{printf "%s\\n", $0}' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa

       If  you  don’t  specify  pass, key_file, or key_pem then rclone will attempt to contact an
       ssh-agent.

       You can also specify key_use_agent to force the usage  of  an  ssh-agent.   In  this  case
       key_file or key_pem can also be specified to force the usage of a specific key in the ssh-
       agent.

       Using an ssh-agent is the only way to load encrypted OpenSSH keys at the moment.

       If you set the --sftp-ask-password option, rclone will prompt for a password  when  needed
       and no password has been configured.

   ssh-agent on macOS
       Note that there seem to be various problems with using an ssh-agent on macOS due to recent
       changes in the OS.  The most effective work-around seems to be to start  an  ssh-agent  in
       each session, eg

              eval `ssh-agent -s` && ssh-add -A

       And then at the end of the session

              eval `ssh-agent -k`

       These commands can be used in scripts of course.

   Modified time
       Modified times are stored on the server to 1 second precision.

       Modified times are used in syncing and are fully supported.

       Some  SFTP  servers disable setting/modifying the file modification time after upload (for
       example, certain configurations of ProFTPd with mod_sftp).  If you are using one of  these
       servers,  you  can set the option set_modtime = false in your RClone backend configuration
       to disable this behaviour.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to sftp (SSH/SFTP Connection).

   –sftp-host
       SSH host to connect to

       • Config: host

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_HOST

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “example.com”

           • Connect to example.com

   –sftp-user
       SSH username, leave blank for current username, ncw

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-port
       SSH port, leave blank to use default (22)

       • Config: port

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_PORT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-pass
       SSH password, leave blank to use ssh-agent.

       NB    Input    to    this    must     be     obscured     -     see     rclone     obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: pass

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_PASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-key-pem
       Raw PEM-encoded private key, If specified, will override key_file parameter.

       • Config: key_pem

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_KEY_PEM

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-key-file
       Path to PEM-encoded private key file, leave blank or set key-use-agent to use ssh-agent.

       Leading  ~  will  be  expanded  in  the  file  name  as will environment variables such as
       ${RCLONE_CONFIG_DIR}.

       • Config: key_file

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_KEY_FILE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-key-file-pass
       The passphrase to decrypt the PEM-encoded private key file.

       Only PEM encrypted key files (old OpenSSH format) are supported.  Encrypted  keys  in  the
       new OpenSSH format can’t be used.

       NB     Input     to     this     must     be     obscured    -    see    rclone    obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: key_file_pass

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_KEY_FILE_PASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-key-use-agent
       When set forces the usage of the ssh-agent.

       When key-file is also set, the “.pub” file of the specified key-file is read and only  the
       associated  key  is  requested  from  the  ssh-agent.   This  allows  to  avoid  Too  many
       authentication failures for *username* errors when the ssh-agent contains many keys.

       • Config: key_use_agent

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_KEY_USE_AGENT

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –sftp-use-insecure-cipher
       Enable the use of insecure ciphers and key exchange methods.

       This enables the use of the following insecure ciphers and key exchange methods:

       • aes128-cbc

       • aes192-cbc

       • aes256-cbc

       • 3des-cbc

       • diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256

       • diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1

       Those algorithms are insecure and may allow plaintext data to be recovered by an attacker.

       • Config: use_insecure_cipher

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_USE_INSECURE_CIPHER

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

       • Examples:

         • “false”

           • Use default Cipher list.

         • “true”

           • Enables the use of the aes128-cbc cipher  and  diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,
             diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1 key exchange.

   –sftp-disable-hashcheck
       Disable  the  execution  of SSH commands to determine if remote file hashing is available.
       Leave blank or set to false to enable  hashing  (recommended),  set  to  true  to  disable
       hashing.

       • Config: disable_hashcheck

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_DISABLE_HASHCHECK

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to sftp (SSH/SFTP Connection).

   –sftp-ask-password
       Allow asking for SFTP password when needed.

       If  this  is  set and no password is supplied then rclone will: - ask for a password - not
       contact the ssh agent

       • Config: ask_password

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_ASK_PASSWORD

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –sftp-path-override
       Override path used by SSH connection.

       This allows checksum calculation when SFTP  and  SSH  paths  are  different.   This  issue
       affects among others Synology NAS boxes.

       Shared folders can be found in directories representing volumes

              rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:/directory --ssh-path-override /volume2/directory

       Home directory can be found in a shared folder called “home”

              rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:/home/directory --ssh-path-override /volume1/homes/USER/directory

       • Config: path_override

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_PATH_OVERRIDE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-set-modtime
       Set the modified time on the remote if set.

       • Config: set_modtime

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_SET_MODTIME

       • Type: bool

       • Default: true

   –sftp-md5sum-command
       The command used to read md5 hashes.  Leave blank for autodetect.

       • Config: md5sum_command

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_MD5SUM_COMMAND

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-sha1sum-command
       The command used to read sha1 hashes.  Leave blank for autodetect.

       • Config: sha1sum_command

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_SHA1SUM_COMMAND

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sftp-skip-links
       Set to skip any symlinks and any other non regular files.

       • Config: skip_links

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_SKIP_LINKS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –sftp-subsystem
       Specifies the SSH2 subsystem on the remote host.

       • Config: subsystem

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_SUBSYSTEM

       • Type: string

       • Default: “sftp”

   –sftp-server-command
       Specifies the path or command to run a sftp server on the remote host.

       The subsystem option is ignored when server_command is defined.

       • Config: server_command

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SFTP_SERVER_COMMAND

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Limitations
       SFTP  supports  checksums if the same login has shell access and md5sum or sha1sum as well
       as echo are in the remote’s PATH.  This remote checksumming (file hashing) is  recommended
       and  enabled by default.  Disabling the checksumming may be required if you are connecting
       to SFTP servers which are not under your control, and to which  the  execution  of  remote
       commands is prohibited.  Set the configuration option disable_hashcheck to true to disable
       checksumming.

       SFTP also supports about if the same login has shell access and df  are  in  the  remote’s
       PATH.  about will return the total space, free space, and used space on the remote for the
       disk of the specified path on the remote or, if not set, the  disk  of  the  root  on  the
       remote.   about will fail if it does not have shell access or if df is not in the remote’s
       PATH.

       Note that some SFTP servers (eg Synology) the paths are different for SSH and SFTP so  the
       hashes can’t be calculated properly.  For them using disable_hashcheck is a good idea.

       The only ssh agent supported under Windows is Putty’s pageant.

       The  Go  SSH library disables the use of the aes128-cbc cipher by default, due to security
       concerns.   This  can  be  re-enabled  on  a   per-connection   basis   by   setting   the
       use_insecure_cipher  setting  in  the  configuration file to true.  Further details on the
       insecurity     of     this     cipher     can     be     found     [in     this     paper]
       (http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/~kp/SandPfinal.pdf).

       SFTP isn’t supported under plan9 until this issue (https://github.com/pkg/sftp/issues/156)
       is fixed.

       Note that since SFTP isn’t HTTP based the following flags  don’t  work  with  it:  --dump-
       headers, --dump-bodies, --dump-auth

       Note that --timeout isn’t supported (but --contimeout is).

   C14
       C14 is supported through the SFTP backend.

       See C14’s documentation (https://www.online.net/en/storage/c14-cold-storage)

   rsync.net
       rsync.net is supported through the SFTP backend.

       See          rsync.net’s          documentation         of         rclone         examples
       (https://www.rsync.net/products/rclone.html).

   SugarSync
       SugarSync (https://sugarsync.com) is a cloud service that enables  active  synchronization
       of files across computers and other devices for file backup, access, syncing, and sharing.

       The  initial  setup for SugarSync involves getting a token from SugarSync which you can do
       with rclone.  rclone config walks you through it.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Sugarsync
                 \ "sugarsync"
              [snip]
              Storage> sugarsync
              ** See help for sugarsync backend at: https://rclone.org/sugarsync/ **

              Sugarsync App ID.
              Leave blank to use rclone's.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              app_id>
              Sugarsync Access Key ID.
              Leave blank to use rclone's.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              access_key_id>
              Sugarsync Private Access Key
              Leave blank to use rclone's.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              private_access_key>
              Permanently delete files if true
              otherwise put them in the deleted files.
              Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false").
              hard_delete>
              Edit advanced config? (y/n)
              y) Yes
              n) No (default)
              y/n> n
              Remote config
              Username (email address)> nick@craig-wood.com
              Your Sugarsync password is only required during setup and will not be stored.
              password:
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = sugarsync
              refresh_token = https://api.sugarsync.com/app-authorization/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK (default)
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Note that the config asks for your email and password but doesn’t store them, it only uses
       them to get the initial token.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories (sync folders) in top level of your SugarSync

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your SugarSync folder “Test”

              rclone ls remote:Test

       To copy a local directory to an SugarSync folder called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       NB  you  can’t  create  files  in  the top level folder you have to create a folder, which
       rclone will create as a “Sync Folder” with SugarSync.

   Modified time and hashes
       SugarSync does not support modification times or hashes, therefore syncing will default to
       --size-only  checking.   Note  that  using  --update will work as rclone can read the time
       files were uploaded.

   Restricted filename characters
       SugarSync      replaces      the       default       restricted       characters       set
       (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters) except for DEL.

       Invalid  UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8), as
       they can’t be used in XML strings.

   Deleting files
       Deleted files will be moved to the “Deleted items” folder by default.

       However you can supply the  flag  --sugarsync-hard-delete  or  set  the  config  parameter
       hard_delete = true if you would like files to be deleted straight away.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to sugarsync (Sugarsync).

   –sugarsync-app-id
       Sugarsync App ID.

       Leave blank to use rclone’s.

       • Config: app_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_APP_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-access-key-id
       Sugarsync Access Key ID.

       Leave blank to use rclone’s.

       • Config: access_key_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_ACCESS_KEY_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-private-access-key
       Sugarsync Private Access Key

       Leave blank to use rclone’s.

       • Config: private_access_key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_PRIVATE_ACCESS_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-hard-delete
       Permanently delete files if true otherwise put them in the deleted files.

       • Config: hard_delete

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_HARD_DELETE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to sugarsync (Sugarsync).

   –sugarsync-refresh-token
       Sugarsync refresh token

       Leave blank normally, will be auto configured by rclone.

       • Config: refresh_token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_REFRESH_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-authorization
       Sugarsync authorization

       Leave blank normally, will be auto configured by rclone.

       • Config: authorization

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_AUTHORIZATION

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-authorization-expiry
       Sugarsync authorization expiry

       Leave blank normally, will be auto configured by rclone.

       • Config: authorization_expiry

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_AUTHORIZATION_EXPIRY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-user
       Sugarsync user

       Leave blank normally, will be auto configured by rclone.

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-root-id
       Sugarsync root id

       Leave blank normally, will be auto configured by rclone.

       • Config: root_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_ROOT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-deleted-id
       Sugarsync deleted folder id

       Leave blank normally, will be auto configured by rclone.

       • Config: deleted_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_DELETED_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –sugarsync-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_SUGARSYNC_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Tardigrade
       Tardigrade (https://tardigrade.io) is an  encrypted,  secure,  and  cost-effective  object
       storage service that enables you to store, back up, and archive large amounts of data in a
       decentralized manner.

   Setup
       To make a new Tardigrade configuration you need one of the following: * Access Grant  that
       someone  else  shared  with  you.  * API Key (https://documentation.tardigrade.io/getting-
       started/uploading-your-first-object/create-an-api-key) of a Tardigrade project you  are  a
       member of.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

   Setup with access grant
              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Tardigrade Decentralized Cloud Storage
                 \ "tardigrade"
              [snip]
              Storage> tardigrade
              ** See help for tardigrade backend at: https://rclone.org/tardigrade/ **

              Choose an authentication method.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("existing").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Use an existing access grant.
                 \ "existing"
               2 / Create a new access grant from satellite address, API key, and passphrase.
                 \ "new"
              provider> existing
              Access Grant.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              access_grant> your-access-grant-received-by-someone-else
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = tardigrade
              access_grant = your-access-grant-received-by-someone-else
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK (default)
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

   Setup with API key and passhprase
              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Tardigrade Decentralized Cloud Storage
                 \ "tardigrade"
              [snip]
              Storage> tardigrade
              ** See help for tardigrade backend at: https://rclone.org/tardigrade/ **

              Choose an authentication method.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("existing").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Use an existing access grant.
                 \ "existing"
               2 / Create a new access grant from satellite address, API key, and passphrase.
                 \ "new"
              provider> new
              Satellite Address. Custom satellite address should match the format: `<nodeid>@<address>:<port>`.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("us-central-1.tardigrade.io").
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / US Central 1
                 \ "us-central-1.tardigrade.io"
               2 / Europe West 1
                 \ "europe-west-1.tardigrade.io"
               3 / Asia East 1
                 \ "asia-east-1.tardigrade.io"
              satellite_address> 1
              API Key.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              api_key> your-api-key-for-your-tardigrade-project
              Encryption Passphrase. To access existing objects enter passphrase used for uploading.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              passphrase> your-human-readable-encryption-passphrase
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = tardigrade
              satellite_address = 12EayRS2V1kEsWESU9QMRseFhdxYxKicsiFmxrsLZHeLUtdps3S@us-central-1.tardigrade.io:7777
              api_key = your-api-key-for-your-tardigrade-project
              passphrase = your-human-readable-encryption-passphrase
              access_grant = the-access-grant-generated-from-the-api-key-and-passphrase
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK (default)
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

   Usage
       Paths  are  specified  as  remote:bucket  (or  remote:  for  the lsf command.) You may put
       subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this.

   Create a new bucket
       Use the mkdir command to create new bucket, e.g. bucket.

              rclone mkdir remote:bucket

   List all buckets
       Use the lsf command to list all buckets.

              rclone lsf remote:

       Note the colon (:) character at the end of the command line.

   Delete a bucket
       Use the rmdir command to delete an empty bucket.

              rclone rmdir remote:bucket

       Use the purge command to delete a non-empty bucket with all its content.

              rclone purge remote:bucket

   Upload objects
       Use the copy command to upload an object.

              rclone copy --progress /home/local/directory/file.ext remote:bucket/path/to/dir/

       The --progress flag is for displaying progress information.  Remove it if you  don’t  need
       this information.

       Use a folder in the local path to upload all its objects.

              rclone copy --progress /home/local/directory/ remote:bucket/path/to/dir/

       Only modified files will be copied.

   List objects
       Use the ls command to list recursively all objects in a bucket.

              rclone ls remote:bucket

       Add the folder to the remote path to list recursively all objects in this folder.

              rclone ls remote:bucket/path/to/dir/

       Use the lsf command to list non-recursively all objects in a bucket or a folder.

              rclone lsf remote:bucket/path/to/dir/

   Download objects
       Use the copy command to download an object.

              rclone copy --progress remote:bucket/path/to/dir/file.ext /home/local/directory/

       The  --progress  flag is for displaying progress information.  Remove it if you don’t need
       this information.

       Use a folder in the remote path to download all its objects.

              rclone copy --progress remote:bucket/path/to/dir/ /home/local/directory/

   Delete objects
       Use the deletefile command to delete a single object.

              rclone deletefile remote:bucket/path/to/dir/file.ext

       Use the delete command to delete all object in a folder.

              rclone delete remote:bucket/path/to/dir/

   Print the total size of objects
       Use the size command to print the total size of objects in a bucket or a folder.

              rclone size remote:bucket/path/to/dir/

   Sync two Locations
       Use the sync command to sync the source to the destination, changing the destination only,
       deleting any excess files.

              rclone sync -i --progress /home/local/directory/ remote:bucket/path/to/dir/

       The  --progress  flag is for displaying progress information.  Remove it if you don’t need
       this information.

       Since this can cause data loss, test first with the --dry-run flag  to  see  exactly  what
       would be copied and deleted.

       The sync can be done also from Tardigrade to the local file system.

              rclone sync -i --progress remote:bucket/path/to/dir/ /home/local/directory/

       Or between two Tardigrade buckets.

              rclone sync -i --progress remote-us:bucket/path/to/dir/ remote-europe:bucket/path/to/dir/

       Or even between another cloud storage and Tardigrade.

              rclone sync -i --progress s3:bucket/path/to/dir/ tardigrade:bucket/path/to/dir/

   Standard Options
       Here  are  the  standard  options  specific  to tardigrade (Tardigrade Decentralized Cloud
       Storage).

   –tardigrade-provider
       Choose an authentication method.

       • Config: provider

       • Env Var: RCLONE_TARDIGRADE_PROVIDER

       • Type: string

       • Default: “existing”

       • Examples:

         • “existing”

           • Use an existing access grant.

         • “new”

           • Create a new access grant from satellite address, API key, and passphrase.

   –tardigrade-access-grant
       Access Grant.

       • Config: access_grant

       • Env Var: RCLONE_TARDIGRADE_ACCESS_GRANT

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –tardigrade-satellite-address
       Satellite   Address.    Custom   satellite    address    should    match    the    format:
       <nodeid>@<address>:<port>.

       • Config: satellite_address

       • Env Var: RCLONE_TARDIGRADE_SATELLITE_ADDRESS

       • Type: string

       • Default: “us-central-1.tardigrade.io”

       • Examples:

         • “us-central-1.tardigrade.io”

           • US Central 1

         • “europe-west-1.tardigrade.io”

           • Europe West 1

         • “asia-east-1.tardigrade.io”

           • Asia East 1

   –tardigrade-api-key
       API Key.

       • Config: api_key

       • Env Var: RCLONE_TARDIGRADE_API_KEY

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –tardigrade-passphrase
       Encryption Passphrase.  To access existing objects enter passphrase used for uploading.

       • Config: passphrase

       • Env Var: RCLONE_TARDIGRADE_PASSPHRASE

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Union
       The union remote provides a unification similar to UnionFS using other remotes.

       Paths  may  be  as  deep  as required or a local path, eg remote:directory/subdirectory or
       /directory/subdirectory.

       During the initial setup with rclone config you will specify the  upstream  remotes  as  a
       space separated list.  The upstream remotes can either be a local paths or other remotes.

       Attribute  :ro  and :nc can be attach to the end of path to tag the remote as read only or
       no create, eg remote:directory/subdirectory:ro or remote:directory/subdirectory:nc.

       Subfolders can be used in upstream remotes.  Assume a union remote named backup  with  the
       remotes  mydrive:private/backup.  Invoking rclone mkdir backup:desktop is exactly the same
       as invoking rclone mkdir mydrive2:/backup/desktop.

       There will be no special handling of paths containing ..  segments.  Invoking rclone mkdir
       backup:../desktop     is     exactly     the     same    as    invoking    rclone    mkdir
       mydrive2:/backup/../desktop.

   Behavior / Policies
       The    behavior    of    union    backend     is     inspired     by     trapexit/mergerfs
       (https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs).   All  functions  are  grouped  into 3 categories:
       action, create and search.  These functions and categories can be assigned a policy  which
       dictates  what  file or directory is chosen when performing that behavior.  Any policy can
       be assigned to a function or category though some may not be very useful in practice.  For
       instance:  rand  (random)  may be useful for file creation (create) but could lead to very
       odd behavior if used for delete if there were more than one copy of the file.

   Function / Category classifications
       Category   Description       Functions
       ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       action     Writing           move, rmdir, rmdirs, delete, purge and copy, sync
                  Existing file     (as destination when file exist)
       create     Create     non-   copy, sync (as destination when file not exist)
                  existing file
       search     Reading     and   ls, lsd, lsl, cat, md5sum, sha1sum and copy, sync
                  listing file      (as source)
       N/A                          size, about

   Path Preservation
       Policies, as described below, are of  two  basic  types.   path  preserving  and  non-path
       preserving.

       All  policies which start with ep (epff, eplfs, eplus, epmfs, eprand) are path preserving.
       ep stands for existing path.

       A path preserving policy will only  consider  upstreams  where  the  relative  path  being
       accessed already exists.

       When  using  non-path  preserving  policies  paths  will be created in target upstreams as
       necessary.

   Quota Relevant Policies
       Some policies rely on quota information.  These policies  should  be  used  only  if  your
       upstreams support the respective quota fields.

       Policy       Required Field
       ────────────────────────────
       lfs, eplfs   Free
       mfs, epmfs   Free
       lus, eplus   Used
       lno, eplno   Objects

       To  check if your upstream supports the field, run rclone about remote: [flags] and see if
       the required field exists.

   Filters
       Policies basically search upstream remotes  and  create  a  list  of  files  /  paths  for
       functions  to  work  on.  The policy is responsible for filtering and sorting.  The policy
       type defines the sorting but filtering is mostly uniform as described below.

       • No search policies filter.

       • All action policies will filter out remotes which are tagged as read-only.

       • All create policies will filter out remotes which are tagged read-only or no-create.

       If all remotes are filtered an error will be returned.

   Policy descriptions
       The      policies      definition      are       inspired       by       trapexit/mergerfs
       (https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs)  but  not exactly the same.  Some policy definition
       could be different due to the much larger latency of remote file systems.

       Policy             Description
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       all                Search category: same as epall.  Action category: same
                          as epall.  Create category: act on all upstreams.
       epall  (existing   Search category: Given this order configured,  act  on
       path, all)         the  first  one  found where the relative path exists.
                          Action category: apply to all found.  Create category:
                          act on all upstreams where the relative path exists.
       epff   (existing   Act  on  the  first  one  found, by the time upstreams
       path,      first   reply, where the relative path exists.
       found)
       eplfs  (existing   Of all the upstreams on which the relative path exists
       path, least free   choose the one with the least free space.
       space)
       eplus  (existing   Of all the upstreams on which the relative path exists
       path, least used   choose the one with the least used space.
       space)
       eplno  (existing   Of all the upstreams on which the relative path exists
       path,      least   choose the one with the least number of objects.
       number        of
       objects)
       epmfs  (existing   Of all the upstreams on which the relative path exists
       path,  most free   choose the one with the most free space.
       space)
       eprand (existing   Calls epall and then  randomizes.   Returns  only  one
       path, random)      upstream.
       ff (first found)   Search  category: same as epff.  Action category: same
                          as epff.  Create category: Act on the first one  found
                          by the time upstreams reply.
       lfs  (least free   Search category: same as eplfs.  Action category: same
       space)             as eplfs.  Create category: Pick the upstream with the
                          least available free space.
       lus (least  used   Search category: same as eplus.  Action category: same
       space)             as eplus.  Create category: Pick the upstream with the
                          least used space.
       lno       (least   Search category: same as eplno.  Action category: same
       number        of   as eplno.  Create category: Pick the upstream with the
       objects)           least number of objects.
       mfs  (most  free   Search category: same as epmfs.  Action category: same
       space)             as epmfs.  Create category: Pick the upstream with the
                          most available free space.
       newest             Pick the file / directory with the largest mtime.
       rand (random)      Calls all  and  then  randomizes.   Returns  only  one
                          upstream.

   Setup
       Here is an example of how to make a union called remote for local folders.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Union merges the contents of several remotes
                 \ "union"
              [snip]
              Storage> union
              List of space separated upstreams.
              Can be 'upstreama:test/dir upstreamb:', '\"upstreama:test/space:ro dir\" upstreamb:', etc.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
              upstreams>
              Policy to choose upstream on ACTION class.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("epall").
              action_policy>
              Policy to choose upstream on CREATE class.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("epmfs").
              create_policy>
              Policy to choose upstream on SEARCH class.
              Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("ff").
              search_policy>
              Cache time of usage and free space (in seconds). This option is only useful when a path preserving policy is used.
              Enter a signed integer. Press Enter for the default ("120").
              cache_time>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = union
              upstreams = C:\dir1 C:\dir2 C:\dir3
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y
              Current remotes:

              Name                 Type
              ====                 ====
              remote               union

              e) Edit existing remote
              n) New remote
              d) Delete remote
              r) Rename remote
              c) Copy remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              e/n/d/r/c/s/q> q

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level in C:\dir1, C:\dir2 and C:\dir3

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in C:\dir1, C:\dir2 and C:\dir3

              rclone ls remote:

       Copy  another  local  directory to the union directory called source, which will be placed
       into C:\dir3

              rclone copy C:\source remote:source

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to union (Union  merges  the  contents  of  several
       upstream fs).

   –union-upstreams
       List   of   space   separated   upstreams.    Can   be   `upstreama:test/dir  upstreamb:',
       `“upstreama:test/space:ro dir” upstreamb:', etc.

       • Config: upstreams

       • Env Var: RCLONE_UNION_UPSTREAMS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –union-action-policy
       Policy to choose upstream on ACTION category.

       • Config: action_policy

       • Env Var: RCLONE_UNION_ACTION_POLICY

       • Type: string

       • Default: “epall”

   –union-create-policy
       Policy to choose upstream on CREATE category.

       • Config: create_policy

       • Env Var: RCLONE_UNION_CREATE_POLICY

       • Type: string

       • Default: “epmfs”

   –union-search-policy
       Policy to choose upstream on SEARCH category.

       • Config: search_policy

       • Env Var: RCLONE_UNION_SEARCH_POLICY

       • Type: string

       • Default: “ff”

   –union-cache-time
       Cache time of usage and free space (in seconds).  This option is only useful when  a  path
       preserving policy is used.

       • Config: cache_time

       • Env Var: RCLONE_UNION_CACHE_TIME

       • Type: int

       • Default: 120

   WebDAV
       Paths are specified as remote:path

       Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

       To  configure  the  WebDAV  remote  you will need to have a URL for it, and a username and
       password.  If you know what kind of system you are connecting to then  rclone  can  enable
       extra features.

       Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote.  First run:

               rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              q) Quit config
              n/s/q> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Webdav
                 \ "webdav"
              [snip]
              Storage> webdav
              URL of http host to connect to
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Connect to example.com
                 \ "https://example.com"
              url> https://example.com/remote.php/webdav/
              Name of the Webdav site/service/software you are using
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
               1 / Nextcloud
                 \ "nextcloud"
               2 / Owncloud
                 \ "owncloud"
               3 / Sharepoint
                 \ "sharepoint"
               4 / Other site/service or software
                 \ "other"
              vendor> 1
              User name
              user> user
              Password.
              y) Yes type in my own password
              g) Generate random password
              n) No leave this optional password blank
              y/g/n> y
              Enter the password:
              password:
              Confirm the password:
              password:
              Bearer token instead of user/pass (eg a Macaroon)
              bearer_token>
              Remote config
              --------------------
              [remote]
              type = webdav
              url = https://example.com/remote.php/webdav/
              vendor = nextcloud
              user = user
              pass = *** ENCRYPTED ***
              bearer_token =
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       List directories in top level of your WebDAV

              rclone lsd remote:

       List all the files in your WebDAV

              rclone ls remote:

       To copy a local directory to an WebDAV directory called backup

              rclone copy /home/source remote:backup

   Modified time and hashes
       Plain  WebDAV  does  not  support  modified  times.   However  when  used with Owncloud or
       Nextcloud rclone will support modified times.

       Likewise plain WebDAV does  not  support  hashes,  however  when  used  with  Owncloud  or
       Nextcloud  rclone  will  support  SHA1  and MD5 hashes.  Depending on the exact version of
       Owncloud or Nextcloud hashes may appear on all objects, or only on  objects  which  had  a
       hash uploaded with them.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to webdav (Webdav).

   –webdav-url
       URL of http host to connect to

       • Config: url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_WEBDAV_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “https://example.com”

           • Connect to example.com

   –webdav-vendor
       Name of the Webdav site/service/software you are using

       • Config: vendor

       • Env Var: RCLONE_WEBDAV_VENDOR

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “nextcloud”

           • Nextcloud

         • “owncloud”

           • Owncloud

         • “sharepoint”

           • Sharepoint

         • “other”

           • Other site/service or software

   –webdav-user
       User name

       • Config: user

       • Env Var: RCLONE_WEBDAV_USER

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –webdav-pass
       Password.

       NB     Input     to     this     must     be     obscured    -    see    rclone    obscure
       (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_obscure/).

       • Config: pass

       • Env Var: RCLONE_WEBDAV_PASS

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –webdav-bearer-token
       Bearer token instead of user/pass (eg a Macaroon)

       • Config: bearer_token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_WEBDAV_BEARER_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to webdav (Webdav).

   –webdav-bearer-token-command
       Command to run to get a bearer token

       • Config: bearer_token_command

       • Env Var: RCLONE_WEBDAV_BEARER_TOKEN_COMMAND

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Provider notes
       See below for notes on specific providers.

   Owncloud
       Click on the settings cog in the bottom right of the page and this will  show  the  WebDAV
       URL   that   rclone   needs   in   the   config   step.    It  will  look  something  like
       https://example.com/remote.php/webdav/.

       Owncloud supports modified times using the X-OC-Mtime header.

   Nextcloud
       This is configured in an identical way to Owncloud.  Note that Nextcloud does not  support
       streaming    of    files    (rcat)   whereas   Owncloud   does.    This   may   be   fixed
       (https://github.com/nextcloud/nextcloud-snap/issues/365) in the future.

   Sharepoint
       Rclone can be used  with  Sharepoint  provided  by  OneDrive  for  Business  or  Office365
       Education  Accounts.   This  feature  is  only  needed for a few of these Accounts, mostly
       Office365 Education ones.  These accounts are sometimes not verified by the  domain  owner
       github#1975 (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1975)

       This  means  that  these  accounts  can’t  be added using the official API (other Accounts
       should work with the “onedrive” option).  However, it is possible  to  access  them  using
       webdav.

       To  use  a  sharepoint  remote  with rclone, add it like this: First, you need to get your
       remote’s URL:

       • Go here (https://onedrive.live.com/about/en-us/signin/) to open your OneDrive or to sign
         in

       • Now  take  a  look  at  your  address bar, the URL should look like this: https://[YOUR-
         DOMAIN]-my.sharepoint.com/personal/[YOUR-EMAIL]/_layouts/15/onedrive.aspx

       You’ll only need this URL up to the email address.  After that, you’ll most likely want to
       add “/Documents”.  That subdirectory contains the actual data stored on your OneDrive.

       Add   the   remote   to   rclone   like   this:   Configure   the  url  as  https://[YOUR-
       DOMAIN]-my.sharepoint.com/personal/[YOUR-EMAIL]/Documents  and  use  your  normal  account
       email  and  password  for user and pass.  If you have 2FA enabled, you have to generate an
       app password.  Set the vendor to sharepoint.

       Your config file should look like this:

              [sharepoint]
              type = webdav
              url = https://[YOUR-DOMAIN]-my.sharepoint.com/personal/[YOUR-EMAIL]/Documents
              vendor = other
              user = YourEmailAddress
              pass = encryptedpassword

   Required Flags for SharePoint
       As SharePoint does some special things with uploaded documents, you won’t be able  to  use
       the  documents  size or the documents hash to compare if a file has been changed since the
       upload / which file is newer.

       For Rclone calls copying files (especially  Office  files  such  as  .docx,  .xlsx,  etc.)
       from/to SharePoint (like copy, sync, etc.), you should append these flags to ensure Rclone
       uses the “Last Modified” datetime property to compare your documents:

              --ignore-size --ignore-checksum --update

   dCache
       dCache is a storage system that supports many protocols  and  authentication/authorisation
       schemes.   For  WebDAV clients, it allows users to authenticate with username and password
       (BASIC),   X.509,   Kerberos,   and   various   bearer   tokens,    including    Macaroons
       (https://www.dcache.org/manuals/workshop-2017-05-29-Umea/000-Final/anupam_macaroons_v02.pdf)
       and OpenID-Connect (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenID_Connect) access tokens.

       Configure as normal using the other type.  Don’t enter a  username  or  password,  instead
       enter your Macaroon as the bearer_token.

       The config will end up looking something like this.

              [dcache]
              type = webdav
              url = https://dcache...
              vendor = other
              user =
              pass =
              bearer_token = your-macaroon

       There  is  a script (https://github.com/sara-nl/GridScripts/blob/master/get-macaroon) that
       obtains a Macaroon from a dCache WebDAV endpoint, and creates an rclone config file.

       Macaroons may also be obtained from  the  dCacheView  web-browser/JavaScript  client  that
       comes with dCache.

   OpenID-Connect
       dCache  also supports authenticating with OpenID-Connect access tokens.  OpenID-Connect is
       a protocol (based  on  OAuth  2.0)  that  allows  services  to  identify  users  who  have
       authenticated with some central service.

       Support  for OpenID-Connect in rclone is currently achieved using another software package
       called oidc-agent (https://github.com/indigo-dc/oidc-agent).  This is a command-line  tool
       that  facilitates  obtaining  an  access  token.  Once installed and configured, an access
       token is obtained by running the  oidc-token  command.   The  following  example  shows  a
       (shortened) access token obtained from the XDC OIDC Provider.

              paul@celebrimbor:~$ oidc-token XDC
              eyJraWQ[...]QFXDt0
              paul@celebrimbor:~$

       Note  Before  the  oidc-token command will work, the refresh token must be loaded into the
       oidc agent.  This is done with  the  oidc-add  command  (e.g.,  oidc-add  XDC).   This  is
       typically  done  once  per  login session.  Full details on this and how to register oidc-
       agent  with  your  OIDC  Provider   are   provided   in   the   oidc-agent   documentation
       (https://indigo-dc.gitbooks.io/oidc-agent/).

       The  rclone  bearer_token_command  configuration  option is used to fetch the access token
       from oidc-agent.

       Configure as a normal WebDAV endpoint, using the `other' vendor, leaving the username  and
       password  empty.   When prompted, choose to edit the advanced config and enter the command
       to get a bearer token (e.g., oidc-agent XDC).

       The following example config shows a WebDAV endpoint that uses  oidc-agent  to  supply  an
       access token from the XDC OIDC Provider.

              [dcache]
              type = webdav
              url = https://dcache.example.org/
              vendor = other
              bearer_token_command = oidc-token XDC

   Yandex Disk
       Yandex  Disk  (https://disk.yandex.com)  is  a  cloud  storage  solution created by Yandex
       (https://yandex.com).

       Here is an example of making a yandex configuration.  First run

              rclone config

       This will guide you through an interactive setup process:

              No remotes found - make a new one
              n) New remote
              s) Set configuration password
              n/s> n
              name> remote
              Type of storage to configure.
              Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
              [snip]
              XX / Yandex Disk
                 \ "yandex"
              [snip]
              Storage> yandex
              Yandex Client Id - leave blank normally.
              client_id>
              Yandex Client Secret - leave blank normally.
              client_secret>
              Remote config
              Use auto config?
               * Say Y if not sure
               * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
              y) Yes
              n) No
              y/n> y
              If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
              Log in and authorize rclone for access
              Waiting for code...
              Got code
              --------------------
              [remote]
              client_id =
              client_secret =
              token = {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","expiry":"2016-12-29T12:27:11.362788025Z"}
              --------------------
              y) Yes this is OK
              e) Edit this remote
              d) Delete this remote
              y/e/d> y

       See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to set  it  up  on  a
       machine with no Internet browser available.

       Note  that  rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the token as returned
       from Yandex Disk.  This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment  you
       get  back  the  verification  code.   This  is  on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may
       require you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.

       Once configured you can then use rclone like this,

       See top level directories

              rclone lsd remote:

       Make a new directory

              rclone mkdir remote:directory

       List the contents of a directory

              rclone ls remote:directory

       Sync /home/local/directory to the remote path, deleting any excess files in the path.

              rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:directory

       Yandex paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.

   Modified time
       Modified times are supported and are stored accurate to 1 ns  in  custom  metadata  called
       rclone_modified in RFC3339 with nanoseconds format.

   MD5 checksums
       MD5 checksums are natively supported by Yandex Disk.

   Emptying Trash
       If  you wish to empty your trash you can use the rclone cleanup remote: command which will
       permanently delete all your trashed files.  This command does not take any path arguments.

   Quota information
       To view your current quota you can use the rclone about remote: command which will display
       your usage limit (quota) and the current usage.

   Restricted filename characters
       The default restricted characters set (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-characters)
       are replaced.

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be used in JSON strings.

   Limitations
       When  uploading  very  large  files  (bigger than about 5GB) you will need to increase the
       --timeout parameter.  This is because Yandex pauses (perhaps to calculate the  MD5SUM  for
       the  entire  file)  before  returning  confirmation  that the file has been uploaded.  The
       default handling of timeouts in rclone is to assume a 5 minute pause is an error and close
       the connection - you’ll see net/http: timeout awaiting response headers errors in the logs
       if this is happening.  Setting the timeout to twice the max size of file in GB  should  be
       enough,  so  if  you  want  to  upload  a 30GB file set a timeout of 2 * 30 = 60m, that is
       --timeout 60m.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to yandex (Yandex Disk).

   –yandex-client-id
       OAuth Client Id Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_id

       • Env Var: RCLONE_YANDEX_CLIENT_ID

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –yandex-client-secret
       OAuth Client Secret Leave blank normally.

       • Config: client_secret

       • Env Var: RCLONE_YANDEX_CLIENT_SECRET

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to yandex (Yandex Disk).

   –yandex-token
       OAuth Access Token as a JSON blob.

       • Config: token

       • Env Var: RCLONE_YANDEX_TOKEN

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –yandex-auth-url
       Auth server URL.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: auth_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_YANDEX_AUTH_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –yandex-token-url
       Token server url.  Leave blank to use the provider defaults.

       • Config: token_url

       • Env Var: RCLONE_YANDEX_TOKEN_URL

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

   –yandex-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_YANDEX_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,Del,Ctl,InvalidUtf8,Dot

   Local Filesystem
       Local paths are specified as normal filesystem paths, eg /path/to/wherever, so

              rclone sync -i /home/source /tmp/destination

       Will sync /home/source to /tmp/destination

       These  can  be  configured into the config file for consistencies sake, but it is probably
       easier not to.

   Modified time
       Rclone reads and writes the  modified  time  using  an  accuracy  determined  by  the  OS.
       Typically this is 1ns on Linux, 10 ns on Windows and 1 Second on OS X.

   Filenames
       Filenames  should be encoded in UTF-8 on disk.  This is the normal case for Windows and OS
       X.

       There is a bit more uncertainty in the Linux world, but new distributions will have  UTF-8
       encoded  files  names.  If you are using an old Linux filesystem with non UTF-8 file names
       (eg latin1) then you can use the convmv tool to convert the  filesystem  to  UTF-8.   This
       tool is available in most distributions’ package managers.

       If  an invalid (non-UTF8) filename is read, the invalid characters will be replaced with a
       quoted representation of the invalid bytes.  The  name  gro\xdf  will  be  transferred  as
       gro‛DF.  rclone will emit a debug message in this case (use -v to see), eg

              Local file system at .: Replacing invalid UTF-8 characters in "gro\xdf"

   Restricted characters
       On non Windows platforms the following characters are replaced when handling file names.

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       /           0x2F        /

       When  running on Windows the following characters are replaced.  This list is based on the
       Windows       file        naming        conventions        (https://docs.microsoft.com/de-
       de/windows/desktop/FileIO/naming-a-file#naming-conventions).

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       NUL         0x00         ␀
       SOH         0x01         ␁
       STX         0x02         ␂
       ETX         0x03         ␃
       EOT         0x04         ␄
       ENQ         0x05         ␅
       ACK         0x06         ␆
       BEL         0x07         ␇
       BS          0x08         ␈
       HT          0x09         ␉
       LF          0x0A         ␊
       VT          0x0B         ␋
       FF          0x0C         ␌
       CR          0x0D         ␍
       SO          0x0E         ␎
       SI          0x0F         ␏
       DLE         0x10         ␐
       DC1         0x11         ␑
       DC2         0x12         ␒
       DC3         0x13         ␓
       DC4         0x14         ␔
       NAK         0x15         ␕
       SYN         0x16         ␖
       ETB         0x17         ␗
       CAN         0x18         ␘
       EM          0x19         ␙
       SUB         0x1A         ␚
       ESC         0x1B         ␛
       FS          0x1C         ␜
       GS          0x1D         ␝
       RS          0x1E         ␞
       US          0x1F         ␟
       /           0x2F        /
       "           0x22        "
       *           0x2A        *
       :           0x3A        :
       <           0x3C        <
       >           0x3E        >
       ?           0x3F        ?
       \           0x5C        \
       |           0x7C        |

       File  names  on  Windows  can  also not end with the following characters.  These only get
       replaced if they are the last character in the name:

       Character   Value   Replacement
       ────────────────────────────────
       SP          0x20         ␠
       .           0x2E        .

       Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be replaced (https://rclone.org/overview/#invalid-utf8),  as
       they can’t be converted to UTF-16.

   Long paths on Windows
       Rclone  handles  long  paths  automatically,  by  converting  all  paths to long UNC paths
       (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#maxpath)
       which allows paths up to 32,767 characters.

       This  is  why  you will see that your paths, for instance c:\files is converted to the UNC
       path \\?\c:\files in the output, and \\server\share is converted to \\?\UNC\server\share.

       However, in rare cases this may cause problems with buggy file system drivers  like  EncFS
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/261).   To  disable  UNC conversion globally, add
       this to your .rclone.conf file:

              [local]
              nounc = true

       If you want to selectively disable UNC, you can add it to a separate entry like this:

              [nounc]
              type = local
              nounc = true

       And use rclone like this:

       rclone copy c:\src nounc:z:\dst

       This will use UNC paths on c:\src but not on z:\dst.  Of course this will  cause  problems
       if the absolute path length of a file exceeds 258 characters on z, so only use this option
       if you have to.

   Symlinks / Junction points
       Normally rclone will ignore symlinks or junction points (which behave like symlinks  under
       Windows).

       If  you supply --copy-links or -L then rclone will follow the symlink and copy the pointed
       to file or directory.  Note that this flag is incompatible with -links / -l.

       This flag applies to all commands.

       For example, supposing you have a directory structure like this

              $ tree /tmp/a
              /tmp/a
              ├── b -> ../b
              ├── expected -> ../expected
              ├── one
              └── two
                  └── three

       Then you can see the difference with and without the flag like this

              $ rclone ls /tmp/a
                      6 one
                      6 two/three

       and

              $ rclone -L ls /tmp/a
                   4174 expected
                      6 one
                      6 two/three
                      6 b/two
                      6 b/one

   –links, -l
       Normally rclone will ignore symlinks or junction points (which behave like symlinks  under
       Windows).

       If  you  supply this flag then rclone will copy symbolic links from the local storage, and
       store them as text files, with a `.rclonelink' suffix in the remote storage.

       The text file will contain the target of the symbolic link (see example).

       This flag applies to all commands.

       For example, supposing you have a directory structure like this

              $ tree /tmp/a
              /tmp/a
              ├── file1 -> ./file4
              └── file2 -> /home/user/file3

       Copying the entire directory with `-l'

              $ rclone copyto -l /tmp/a/file1 remote:/tmp/a/

       The remote files are created with a `.rclonelink' suffix

              $ rclone ls remote:/tmp/a
                     5 file1.rclonelink
                    14 file2.rclonelink

       The remote files will contain the target of the symbolic links

              $ rclone cat remote:/tmp/a/file1.rclonelink
              ./file4

              $ rclone cat remote:/tmp/a/file2.rclonelink
              /home/user/file3

       Copying them back with `-l'

              $ rclone copyto -l remote:/tmp/a/ /tmp/b/

              $ tree /tmp/b
              /tmp/b
              ├── file1 -> ./file4
              └── file2 -> /home/user/file3

       However, if copied back without `-l'

              $ rclone copyto remote:/tmp/a/ /tmp/b/

              $ tree /tmp/b
              /tmp/b
              ├── file1.rclonelink
              └── file2.rclonelink

       Note that this flag is incompatible with -copy-links / -L.

   Restricting filesystems with –one-file-system
       Normally rclone will recurse through filesystems as mounted.

       However if you set --one-file-system or -x this tells rclone to  stay  in  the  filesystem
       specified by the root and not to recurse into different file systems.

       For example if you have a directory hierarchy like this

              root
              ├── disk1     - disk1 mounted on the root
              │   └── file3 - stored on disk1
              ├── disk2     - disk2 mounted on the root
              │   └── file4 - stored on disk12
              ├── file1     - stored on the root disk
              └── file2     - stored on the root disk

       Using rclone --one-file-system copy root remote: will only copy file1 and file2.  Eg

              $ rclone -q --one-file-system ls root
                      0 file1
                      0 file2

              $ rclone -q ls root
                      0 disk1/file3
                      0 disk2/file4
                      0 file1
                      0 file2

       NB Rclone (like most unix tools such as du, rsync and tar) treats a bind mount to the same
       device as being on the same filesystem.

       NB This flag is only available on Unix based systems.  On systems where it isn’t supported
       (eg Windows) it will be ignored.

   Standard Options
       Here are the standard options specific to local (Local Disk).

   –local-nounc
       Disable UNC (long path names) conversion on Windows

       • Config: nounc

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_NOUNC

       • Type: string

       • Default: ""

       • Examples:

         • “true”

           • Disables long file names

   Advanced Options
       Here are the advanced options specific to local (Local Disk).

   –copy-links / -L
       Follow symlinks and copy the pointed to item.

       • Config: copy_links

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_COPY_LINKS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –links / -l
       Translate symlinks to/from regular files with a `.rclonelink' extension

       • Config: links

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_LINKS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –skip-links
       Don’t  warn  about  skipped  symlinks.   This  flag  disables  warning messages on skipped
       symlinks or junction points, as you explicitly acknowledge that they should be skipped.

       • Config: skip_links

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_SKIP_LINKS

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –local-no-unicode-normalization
       Don’t apply unicode normalization to paths and filenames (Deprecated)

       This flag is deprecated now.  Rclone no longer  normalizes  unicode  file  names,  but  it
       compares them with unicode normalization in the sync routine instead.

       • Config: no_unicode_normalization

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_NO_UNICODE_NORMALIZATION

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –local-no-check-updated
       Don’t check to see if the files change during upload

       Normally  rclone checks the size and modification time of files as they are being uploaded
       and aborts with a message which starts “can’t copy - source file is being updated” if  the
       file changes during upload.

       However  on  some  file  systems this modification time check may fail (eg Glusterfs #2206
       (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2206)) so this check can be  disabled  with  this
       flag.

       If  this  flag  is set, rclone will use its best efforts to transfer a file which is being
       updated.  If the file is only having things appended to it (eg a  log)  then  rclone  will
       transfer the log file with the size it had the first time rclone saw it.

       If the file is being modified throughout (not just appended to) then the transfer may fail
       with a hash check failure.

       In detail, once the file has had stat() called on it for the first time we:

       • Only transfer the size that stat gave

       • Only checksum the size that stat gave

       • Don’t update the stat info for the file

       • Config: no_check_updated

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_NO_CHECK_UPDATED

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –one-file-system / -x
       Don’t cross filesystem boundaries (unix/macOS only).

       • Config: one_file_system

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_ONE_FILE_SYSTEM

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –local-case-sensitive
       Force the filesystem to report itself as case sensitive.

       Normally the local backend declares itself as case insensitive on Windows/macOS  and  case
       sensitive for everything else.  Use this flag to override the default choice.

       • Config: case_sensitive

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_CASE_SENSITIVE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –local-case-insensitive
       Force the filesystem to report itself as case insensitive

       Normally  the  local backend declares itself as case insensitive on Windows/macOS and case
       sensitive for everything else.  Use this flag to override the default choice.

       • Config: case_insensitive

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_CASE_INSENSITIVE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –local-no-sparse
       Disable sparse files for multi-thread downloads

       On Windows platforms rclone will make sparse  files  when  doing  multi-thread  downloads.
       This  avoids long pauses on large files where the OS zeros the file.  However sparse files
       may be undesirable as they cause disk fragmentation and can be slow to work with.

       • Config: no_sparse

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_NO_SPARSE

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –local-no-set-modtime
       Disable setting modtime

       Normally rclone updates modification time of files after they are  done  uploading.   This
       can  cause  permissions  issues on Linux platforms when the user rclone is running as does
       not own the file uploaded, such as when copying to a CIFS mount owned by another user.  If
       this option is enabled, rclone will no longer update the modtime after copying a file.

       • Config: no_set_modtime

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_NO_SET_MODTIME

       • Type: bool

       • Default: false

   –local-encoding
       This sets the encoding for the backend.

       See: the encoding section in the overview (https://rclone.org/overview/#encoding) for more
       info.

       • Config: encoding

       • Env Var: RCLONE_LOCAL_ENCODING

       • Type: MultiEncoder

       • Default: Slash,Dot

   Backend commands
       Here are the commands specific to the local backend.

       Run them with

              rclone backend COMMAND remote:

       The help below will explain what arguments each command takes.

       See the “rclone backend” command  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_backend/)  for  more
       info on how to pass options and arguments.

       These   can   be   run   on  a  running  backend  using  the  rc  command  backend/command
       (https://rclone.org/rc/#backend/command).

   noop
       A null operation for testing backend commands

              rclone backend noop remote: [options] [<arguments>+]

       This is a test command which has some options you can try to change the output.

       Options:

       • “echo”: echo the input arguments

       • “error”: return an error based on option value

Changelog

   v1.53.3 - 2020-11-19
       See commits (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/compare/v1.53.2...v1.53.3)

       • Bug Fixes

         • random: Fix incorrect use of math/rand instead  of  crypto/rand  CVE-2020-28924  (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

           • Passwords you have generated with rclone config may be insecure

           • See  issue #4783 (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/4783) for more details and
             a checking tool

         • random: Seed math/rand in one place with crypto strong seed (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Fix vfs/refresh calls with fs= parameter (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Sharefile

         • Fix backend due to API swapping integers for strings (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.53.2 - 2020-10-26
       See commits (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/compare/v1.53.1...v1.53.2)

       • Bug Fixes

         • acounting

           • Fix incorrect speed and transferTime in core/stats (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Stabilize display order of transfers on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • operations

           • Fix use of –suffix without –backup-dir (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix spurious “–checksum is in use but the source and destination have no  hashes  in
             common” (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • build

           • Work around GitHub actions brew problem (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Stop using set-env and set-path in the GitHub actions (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Mount

         • mount2: Fix the swapped UID / GID values (Russell Cattelan)

       • VFS

         • Detect  and  recover  from a file being removed externally from the cache (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Fix a deadlock vulnerability in downloaders.Close (Leo Luan)

         • Fix a race condition in retryFailedResets (Leo Luan)

         • Fix missed concurrency control between some item operations and reset (Leo Luan)

         • Add exponential backoff during ENOSPC retries (Leo Luan)

         • Add a missed update of used cache space (Leo Luan)

         • Fix –no-modtime to not attempt to set modtimes (as documented) (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Local

         • Fix sizes and syncing with –links option on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Chunker

         • Disable ListR to fix missing files on GDrive (workaround) (Ivan Andreev)

         • Fix upload over crypt (Ivan Andreev)

       • Fichier

         • Increase maximum file size from 100GB to 300GB (gyutw)

       • Jottacloud

         • Remove  clientSecret  from  config  when  upgrading  to  token  based   authentication
           (buengese)

         • Avoid double url escaping of device/mountpoint (albertony)

         • Remove DirMove workaround as it’s not required anymore - also (buengese)

       • Mailru

         • Fix uploads after recent changes on server (Ivan Andreev)

         • Fix range requests after june changes on server (Ivan Andreev)

         • Fix invalid timestamp on corrupted files (fixes) (Ivan Andreev)

       • Onedrive

         • Fix disk usage for sharepoint (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Add missing regions for AWS (Anagh Kumar Baranwal)

       • Seafile

         • Fix accessing libraries > 2GB on 32 bit systems (Muffin King)

       • SFTP

         • Always convert the checksum to lower case (buengese)

       • Union

         • Create root directories if none exist (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.53.1 - 2020-09-13
       See commits (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/compare/v1.53.0...v1.53.1)

       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting: Remove new line from end of –stats-one-line display (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • check

           • Add back missing –download flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix docs (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • docs

           • Note –log-file does append (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add full stops for consistency in rclone –help (edwardxml)

           • Add Tencent COS to s3 provider list (wjielai)

           • Updated mount command to reflect that it requires Go 1.13 or newer (Evan Harris)

           • jottacloud:  Mention  that  uploads  from local disk will not need to cache files to
             disk for md5 calculation (albertony)

           • Fix formatting of rc docs page (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • build

           • Include vendor tar ball in release and fix startdev (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix “Illegal instruction” error for ARMv6 builds (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix architecture name in ARMv7 build (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Fix spurious error "vfs cache: failed to _ensure cache EOF" (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Log an ERROR if we fail to set the file to be sparse (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Local

         • Log an ERROR if we fail to set the file to be sparse (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Re-adds special oauth help text (Tim Gallant)

       • Opendrive

         • Do not retry 400 errors (Evan Harris)

   v1.53.0 - 2020-09-02
       See commits (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/compare/v1.52.0...v1.53.0)

       • New Features

         • The VFS layer (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/#vfs-virtual-file-system)  was
           heavily reworked for this release - see below for more details

         • Interactive    mode    -i/–interactive    (https://rclone.org/docs/#interactive)   for
           destructive operations (fishbullet)

         • Add –bwlimit-file (https://rclone.org/docs/#bwlimit-file-bandwidth-spec) flag to limit
           speeds of individual file transfers (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Transfers are sorted by start time in the stats and progress output (Max Sum)

         • Make  sure  backends expand ~ and environment vars in file names they use (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Add –refresh-times (https://rclone.org/docs/#refresh-times) flag to  set  modtimes  on
           hashless backends (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • build

           • Remove vendor directory in favour of Go modules (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Build with go1.15.x by default (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Drop macOS 386 build as it is no longer supported by go1.15 (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add ARMv7 to the supported builds (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Enable rclone cmount on macOS (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make rclone build with gccgo (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make rclone build with wasm (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Change beta numbering to be semver compatible (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add file properties and icon to Windows executable (albertony)

           • Add experimental interface for integrating rclone into browsers (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • lib: Add file name compression (Klaus Post)

         • rc

           • Allow  installation and use of plugins and test plugins with rclone-webui (Chaitanya
             Bankanhal)

           • Add reverse proxy pluginsHandler for serving plugins (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

           • Add mount/listmounts option for listing current mounts (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

           • Add operations/uploadfile to upload a file through rc using encoding multipart/form-
             data (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

           • Add core/copmmand to execute rclone terminal commands.  (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

         • rclone check

           • Add reporting of filenames for same/missing/changed (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make check command obey --dry-run/-i/--interactive (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make check do --checkers files concurrently (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Retry downloads if they fail when using the --download flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make it show stats by default (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rclone obscure: Allow obscure command to accept password on STDIN (David Ibarra)

         • rclone config

           • Set RCLONE_CONFIG_DIR for use in config files and subprocesses (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Reject remote names starting with a dash.  (jtagcat)

         • rclone  cryptcheck:  Add  reporting of filenames for same/missing/changed (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • rclone dedupe: Make it obey the --size-only flag for duplicate detection (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • rclone link: Add --expire and --unlink flags (Roman Kredentser)

         • rclone  mkdir:  Warn  when  using  mkdir on remotes which can’t have empty directories
           (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rclone rc: Allow JSON parameters to simplify command line usage (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rclone serve ftp

           • Don’t compile on < go1.13 after dependency update (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add error message if auth proxy fails (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Use refactored goftp.io/server library for binary shrink (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rclone serve restic: Expose interfaces so that rclone can be used as  a  library  from
           within restic (Jack)

         • rclone sync: Add --track-renames-strategy leaf (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rclone touch: Add ability to set nanosecond resolution times (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rclone  tree: Remove -i shorthand for --noindent as it conflicts with -i/--interactive
           (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting

           • Fix documentation for speed/speedAvg (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix elapsed time not show actual time since beginning (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

           • Fix deadlock in stats printing (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • build

           • Fix file handle leak in GitHub release tool (Garrett Squire)

         • rclone check: Fix successful retries with --download counting errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rclone dedupe: Fix logging to be easier to understand (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Mount

         • Warn macOS users that mount implementation is changing (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • to test the new implementation use rclone cmount instead of rclone mount

           • this is because the library rclone uses has dropped macOS support

         • rc interface

           • Add call for unmount all (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

           • Make mount/mount remote control take vfsOpt option (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add mountOpt to mount/mount (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add VFS and Mount options to mount/listmounts (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Catch panics in cgofuse initialization and turn into error messages (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Always supply stat information in Readdir (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add support for reading unknown length files using direct IO  (Windows)  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Fix On Windows don’t add -o uid/gid=-1 if user supplies -o uid/gid.  (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix macOS losing directory contents in cmount (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix volume name broken in recent refactor (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Implement partial reads for --vfs-cache-mode full (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --vfs-writeback option to delay writes back to cloud storage (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --vfs-read-ahead parameter for use with --vfs-cache-mode full (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Restart pending uploads on restart of the cache (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Support synchronous cache space recovery upon ENOSPC (Leo Luan)

         • Allow ReadAt and WriteAt to run concurrently with themselves (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Change modtime of file before upload to current (Rob Calistri)

         • Recommend --vfs-cache-modes writes on backends which can’t stream (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add an optional fs parameter to vfs rc methods (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix errors when using > 260 char files in the cache in Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix renaming of items while they are being uploaded (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix very high load caused by slow directory listings (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix renamed files not being uploaded with --vfs-cache-mode minimal (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix directory locking caused by slow directory listings (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix saving from chrome without --vfs-cache-mode writes (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Local

         • Add  --local-no-updated  to provide a consistent view of changing objects (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Add --local-no-set-modtime option to prevent modtime changes (tyhuber1)

         • Fix race conditions updating and reading Object metadata (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Cache

         • Make any created backends be cached to fix rc problems (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix dedupe on caches wrapping drives (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Crypt

         • Add --crypt-server-side-across-configs flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make any created backends be cached to fix rc problems (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Alias

         • Make any created backends be cached to fix rc problems (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Azure Blob

         • Don’t compile on < go1.13 after dependency update (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • B2

         • Implement server side copy for files > 5GB (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Cancel in progress multipart uploads and copies on rclone exit (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Note that b2’s encoding now allows  but rclone’s hasn’t changed (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix transfers when using download_url (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Box

         • Implement rclone cleanup (buengese)

         • Cancel in progress multipart uploads and copies on rclone exit (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Allow authentication with access token (David)

       • Chunker

         • Make any created backends be cached to fix rc problems (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Add rclone backend drives to list shared drives (teamdrives) (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement rclone backend untrash (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Work around drive bug which didn’t set modtime of copied docs (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Added --drive-starred-only to only show starred files (Jay McEntire)

         • Deprecate --drive-alternate-export as it is no longer needed (themylogin)

         • Fix duplication of Google docs on server side copy (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix “panic: send on closed channel” when recycling dir entries (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Dropbox

         • Add copyright detector info in limitations section in the docs (Alex Guerrero)

         • Fix rclone link by removing expires parameter (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Fichier

         • Detect Flood detected: IP Locked error and sleep for 30s (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • FTP

         • Add explicit TLS support (Heiko Bornholdt)

         • Add support for --dump bodies and --dump auth for debugging (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix interoperation with pure-ftpd (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Add support for anonymous access (Kai Lüke)

       • Jottacloud

         • Bring back legacy authentification for use with whitelabel versions (buengese)

         • Switch to new api root - also  implement  a  very  ugly  workaround  for  the  DirMove
           failures (buengese)

       • Onedrive

         • Rework cancel of multipart uploads on rclone exit (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement rclone cleanup (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --onedrive-no-versions flag to remove old versions (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Pcloud

         • Implement rclone link for public link creation (buengese)

       • Qingstor

         • Cancel in progress multipart uploads on rclone exit (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Preserve metadata when doing multipart copy (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Cancel in progress multipart uploads and copies on rclone exit (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add rclone link for public link sharing (Roman Kredentser)

         • Add rclone backend restore command to restore objects from GLACIER (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add  rclone  cleanup  and rclone backend cleanup to clean unfinished multipart uploads
           (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add rclone backend list-multipart-uploads to list unfinished multipart  uploads  (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • Add --s3-max-upload-parts support (Kamil Trzciński)

         • Add  --s3-no-check-bucket  for  minimising  rclone transactions and perms (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Add --s3-profile and --s3-shared-credentials-file options (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Use regional s3 us-east-1 endpoint (David)

         • Add Scaleway provider (Vincent Feltz)

         • Update IBM COS endpoints (Egor Margineanu)

         • Reduce the default --s3-copy-cutoff to < 5GB  for  Backblaze  S3  compatibility  (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • Fix detection of bucket existing (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • SFTP

         • Use  the  absolute  path  instead  of  the  relative  path  for  listing  for improved
           compatibility (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --sftp-subsystem and --sftp-server-command options (aus)

       • Swift

         • Fix dangling large objects breaking the listing (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix purge not deleting directory markers (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix update multipart object removing all of its own parts (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix missing hash from object returned from upload (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Tardigrade

         • Upgrade to uplink v1.2.0 (Kaloyan Raev)

       • Union

         • Fix writing with the all policy (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • WebDAV

         • Fix directory creation with 4shared (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.52.3 - 2020-08-07
       See commits (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/compare/v1.52.2...v1.52.3)

       • Bug Fixes

         • docs

           • Disable smart typography (eg en-dash) in MANUAL.* and man page (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Update install.md to reflect minimum Go version (Evan Harris)

           • Update install from source instructions (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • make_manual: Support SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH (Morten Linderud)

         • log: Fix –use-json-log going to stderr not –log-file on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve dlna: Fix file list on Samsung Series 6+ TVs (Matteo Pietro Dazzi)

         • sync: Fix deadlock with –track-renames-strategy modtime (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Cache

         • Fix moveto/copyto remote:file remote:file2 (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Stop using root_folder_id as a cache (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make dangling shortcuts appear in listings (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Drop “Disabling ListR” messages down to debug (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Workaround and policy for Google Drive API (Dmitry Ustalov)

       • FTP

         • Add note to docs about home vs root directory selection (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Onedrive

         • Fix reverting to Copy when Move would have worked (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Avoid comma rendered in URL in onedrive.md (Kevin)

       • Pcloud

         • Fix oauth on European region “eapi.pcloud.com” (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Fix bucket Region auto detection when Region unset in config (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.52.2 - 2020-06-24
       See commits (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/compare/v1.52.1...v1.52.2)

       • Bug Fixes

         • build

           • Fix docker release build action (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix custom timezone in Docker image (NoLooseEnds)

         • check: Fix misleading message which printed errors instead of differences (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • errors:  Add  WSAECONNREFUSED  and  more to the list of retriable Windows errors (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • rcd: Fix incorrect prometheus metrics (Gary Kim)

         • serve restic: Fix flags so they use environment variables (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve webdav: Fix flags so they use environment variables (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • sync: Fix –track-renames-strategy modtime (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Fix not being able to delete a directory with a trashed shortcut (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix creating a directory inside a shortcut (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix –drive-impersonate with cached root_folder_id (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • SFTP

         • Fix SSH key PEM loading (Zac Rubin)

       • Swift

         • Speed up deletes by not retrying segment container deletes (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Tardigrade

         • Upgrade to uplink v1.1.1 (Caleb Case)

       • WebDAV

         • Fix free/used display for rclone about/df for certain backends (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.52.1 - 2020-06-10
       See commits (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/compare/v1.52.0...v1.52.1)

       • Bug Fixes

         • lib/file: Fix SetSparse on Windows 7 which fixes downloads  of  files  >  250MB  (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • build

           • Update go.mod to go1.14 to enable -mod=vendor build (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Remove quicktest from Dockerfile (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Build Docker images with GitHub actions (Matteo Pietro Dazzi)

           • Update Docker build workflows (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Set user_allow_other in /etc/fuse.conf in the Docker image (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix xgo build after go1.14 go.mod update (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • docs

           • Add link to source and modified time to footer of every page (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Remove manually set dates and use git dates instead (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Minor  tense,  punctuation,  brevity  and  positivity  changes  for  the  home  page
             (edwardxml)

           • Remove leading slash in page reference in footer when present (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Note commands which need obscured input in the docs (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • obscure: Write more help as we are referencing it elsewhere (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Fix OS vs Unix path confusion - fixes ChangeNotify on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Fix missing items when listing using –fast-list / ListR (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Putio

         • Fix panic on Object.Open (Cenk Alti)

       • S3

         • Fix upload of single files into buckets without create permission (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix –header-upload (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Tardigrade

         • Fix listing bug by upgrading to v1.0.7

         • Set UserAgent to rclone (Caleb Case)

   v1.52.0 - 2020-05-27
       Special thanks to Martin Michlmayr for proof reading  and  correcting  all  the  docs  and
       Edward Barker for helping re-write the front page.

       See commits (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/compare/v1.51.0...v1.52.0)

       • New backends

         • Tardigrade (https://rclone.org/tardigrade/) backend for use with storj.io (Caleb Case)

         • Union (https://rclone.org/union/) re-write to have multiple writable remotes (Max Sum)

         • Seafile for Seafile server (Fred @creativeprojects)

       • New commands

         • backend: command for backend specific commands (see backends) (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • cachestats: Deprecate in favour of rclone backend stats cache: (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • dbhashsum: Deprecate in favour of rclone hashsum DropboxHash (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • New Features

         • Add  --header-download  and  --header-upload  flags  for  setting  HTTP  headers  when
           uploading/downloading (Tim Gallant)

         • Add --header flag to add HTTP headers to every HTTP transaction (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --check-first to do all checking before starting transfers (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --track-renames-strategy for configurable matching  criteria  for  --track-renames
           (Bernd Schoolmann)

         • Add --cutoff-mode hard,soft,catious (Shing Kit Chan & Franklyn Tackitt)

         • Filter flags (eg --files-from -) can read from stdin (fishbullet)

         • Add --error-on-no-transfer option (Jon Fautley)

         • Implement  --order-by xxx,mixed for copying some small and some big files (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Allow --max-backlog to be negative meaning as large as possible (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Added --no-unicode-normalization flag to allow Unicode filenames to remain unique (Ben
           Zenker)

         • Allow --min-age/--max-age to take a date as well as a duration (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add rename statistics for file and directory renames (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add statistics output to JSON log (reddi)

         • Make stats be printed on non-zero exit code (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • When running --password-command allow use of stdin (Sébastien Gross)

         • Stop empty strings being a valid remote path (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • accounting: support WriterTo for less memory copying (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • build

           • Update to use go1.14 for the build (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add -trimpath to release build for reproduceable builds (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Remove GOOS and GOARCH from Dockerfile (Brandon Philips)

         • config

           • Fsync the config file after writing to save more reliably (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add --obscure and --no-obscure flags to config create/update (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make config show take remote: as well as remote (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • copyurl: Add --no-clobber flag (Denis)

         • delete: Added --rmdirs flag to delete directories as well (Kush)

         • filter: Added --files-from-raw flag (Ankur Gupta)

         • genautocomplete: Add support for fish shell (Matan Rosenberg)

         • log: Add support for syslog LOCAL facilities (Patryk Jakuszew)

         • lsjson:  Add  --hash-type parameter and use it in lsf to speed up hashing (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • rc

           • Add -o/--opt and -a/--arg for more structured input (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Implement backend/command for  running  backend  specific  commands  remotely  (Nick
             Craig-Wood)

           • Add mount/mount command for starting rclone mount via the API (Chaitanya)

         • rcd: Add Prometheus metrics support (Gary Kim)

         • serve http

           • Added a --template flag for user defined markup (calistri)

           • Add Last-Modified headers to files and directories (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve sftp: Add support for multiple host keys by repeating --key flag (Maxime Suret)

         • touch: Add --localtime flag to make --timestamp localtime not UTC (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting

           • Restore “Max number of stats groups reached” log line (Michał Matczuk)

           • Correct exitcode on Transfer Limit Exceeded flag.  (Anuar Serdaliyev)

           • Reset bytes read during copy retry (Ankur Gupta)

           • Fix race clearing stats (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • copy:  Only  create  empty  directories  when  they  don’t exist on the remote (Ishuah
           Kariuki)

         • dedupe: Stop dedupe deleting files with identical IDs (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • oauth

           • Use custom http client so that --no-check-certificate  is  honored  by  oauth  token
             fetch (Mark Spieth)

           • Replace deprecated oauth2.NoContext (Lars Lehtonen)

         • operations

           • Fix setting the timestamp on Windows for multithread copy (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make rcat obey --ignore-checksum (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make --max-transfer more accurate (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rc

           • Fix dropped error (Lars Lehtonen)

           • Fix misplaced http server config (Xiaoxing Ye)

           • Disable duplicate log (ElonH)

         • serve dlna

           • Cds: don’t specify childCount at all when unknown (Dan Walters)

           • Cds: use modification time as date in dlna metadata (Dan Walters)

         • serve restic: Fix tests after restic project removed vendoring (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • sync

           • Fix incorrect “nothing to transfer” message using --delete-before (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Only create empty directories when they don’t exist on the remote (Ishuah Kariuki)

       • Mount

         • Add --async-read flag to disable asynchronous reads (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Ignore  --allow-root  flag with a warning as it has been removed upstream (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Warn if --allow-non-empty used on Windows and clarify docs (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Constrain to go1.13 or above otherwise bazil.org/fuse fails to  compile  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Fix fail because of too long volume name (evileye)

         • Report 1PB free for unknown disk sizes (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Map more rclone errors into file systems errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix disappearing cwd problem (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Use ReaddirPlus on Windows to improve directory listing performance (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Send a hint as to whether the filesystem is case insensitive or not (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add rc command mount/types (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Change maximum leaf name length to 1024 bytes (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Add  --vfs-read-wait  and  --vfs-write-wait  flags  to  control  time  waiting  for  a
           sequential read/write (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Change default --vfs-read-wait to 20ms (it was 5ms and not configurable) (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Make df output more consistent on a rclone mount.  (Yves G)

         • Report 1PB free for unknown disk sizes (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix race condition caused by unlocked reading of Dir.path (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make File lock and Dir lock not overlap to avoid deadlock (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement lock ordering between File and Dir to eliminate deadlocks (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Factor the vfs cache into its own package (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Pin the Fs in use in the Fs cache (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add SetSys() methods to Node to allow caching stuff on a node (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Ignore file not found errors from Hash in Read.Release (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix hang in read wait code (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Local

         • Speed up multi thread downloads by using sparse files on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement --local-no-sparse flag for disabling sparse files (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement rclone backend noop for testing purposes (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix “file not found” errors on post transfer Hash calculation (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Cache

         • Implement rclone backend stats command (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix Server Side Copy with Temp Upload (Brandon McNama)

         • Remove Unused Functions (Lars Lehtonen)

         • Disable race tests until bbolt is fixed (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Move methods used for testing into test file (greatroar)

         • Add Pin and Unpin and canonicalised lookup (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Use proper import path go.etcd.io/bbolt (Robert-André Mauchin)

       • Crypt

         • Calculate hashes for uploads from local disk (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • This allows crypted Jottacloud uploads without using local disk

           • This means crypted s3/b2 uploads will now have hashes

         • Added  rclone backend decode/encode commands to replicate functionality of cryptdecode
           (Anagh Kumar Baranwal)

         • Get rid of the unused Cipher interface as it obfuscated the code (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Azure Blob

         • Implement streaming of unknown sized files so rcat is now supported (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement memory pooling to control memory use (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --azureblob-disable-checksum flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Retry InvalidBlobOrBlock error as it may indicate  block  concurrency  problems  (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • Remove unused Object.parseTimeString() (Lars Lehtonen)

         • Fix permission error on SAS URL limited to container (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • B2

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Ignore directory markers at the root also (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Force the case of the SHA1 to lowercase (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Remove unused largeUpload.clearUploadURL() (Lars Lehtonen)

       • Box

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Implement About to read size used (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add token renew function for jwt auth (David Bramwell)

         • Added support for interchangeable root folder for Box backend (Sunil Patra)

         • Remove unnecessary iat from jws claims (David)

       • Drive

         • Follow shortcuts by default, skip with --drive-skip-shortcuts (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement rclone backend shortcut command for creating shortcuts (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Added  rclone  backend  command  to  change service_account_file and chunk_size (Anagh
           Kumar Baranwal)

         • Fix missing files when using --fast-list and --drive-shared-with-me (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix duplicate items when using --drive-shared-with-me (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Extend --drive-stop-on-upload-limit to respond to teamDriveFileLimitExceeded.  (harry)

         • Don’t delete files with multiple parents to avoid data loss (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Server side copy docs use default description if empty (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Dropbox

         • Make error insufficient space to be fatal (harry)

         • Add info about required redirect url (Elan Ruusamäe)

       • Fichier

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Implement custom pacer to deal with the new rate limiting (buengese)

       • FTP

         • Fix lockup when using concurrency limit on failed connections (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix lockup on failed upload when using concurrency limit (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix lockup on Close failures when using concurrency limit (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Work around pureftp sending spurious 150 messages (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add ARCHIVE storage class to help (Adam Stroud)

         • Ignore directory markers at the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Googlephotos

         • Make the start year configurable (Daven)

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Create feature/favorites directory (Brandon Philips)

         • Fix “concurrent map write” error (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Don’t put an image in error message (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • HTTP

         • Improved directory listing with new template from Caddy project (calisro)

       • Jottacloud

         • Implement --jottacloud-trashed-only (buengese)

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Use RawURLEncoding when decoding base64 encoded login token (buengese)

         • Implement cleanup (buengese)

         • Update docs regarding cleanup, removed remains from old auth, and added warning  about
           special mountpoints.  (albertony)

       • Mailru

         • Describe 2FA requirements (valery1707)

       • Onedrive

         • Implement --onedrive-server-side-across-configs (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Fix occasional 416 errors on multipart uploads (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Added maximum chunk size limit warning in the docs (Harry)

         • Fix missing drive on config (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make error quotaLimitReached to be fatal (harry)

       • Opendrive

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

       • Pcloud

         • Added support for interchangeable root folder for pCloud backend (Sunil Patra)

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Fix initial config “Auth state doesn’t match” message (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Premiumizeme

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Prune unused functions (Lars Lehtonen)

       • Putio

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make downloading files use the rclone http Client (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix parsing of remotes with leading and trailing / (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Qingstor

         • Make rclone cleanup remove pending multipart uploads older than 24h (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Try harder to cancel failed multipart uploads (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Prune multiUploader.list() (Lars Lehtonen)

         • Lint fix (Lars Lehtonen)

       • S3

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Use memory pool for buffer allocations (Maciej Zimnoch)

         • Add SSE-C support for AWS, Ceph, and MinIO (Jack Anderson)

         • Fail fast multipart upload (Michał Matczuk)

         • Report errors on bucket creation (mkdir) correctly (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Specify that Minio supports URL encoding in listings (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Added 500 as retryErrorCode (Michał Matczuk)

         • Use --low-level-retries as the number of SDK retries (Aleksandar Janković)

         • Fix multipart abort context (Aleksandar Jankovic)

         • Replace deprecated session.New() with session.NewSession() (Lars Lehtonen)

         • Use  the  provided  size  parameter when allocating a new memory pool (Joachim Brandon
           LeBlanc)

         • Use rclone’s low level retries instead of AWS SDK to fix listing retries (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Ignore directory markers at the root also (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Use single memory pool (Michał Matczuk)

         • Do not resize buf on put to memBuf (Michał Matczuk)

         • Improve docs for --s3-disable-checksum (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Don’t leak memory or tokens in edge cases for multipart upload (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Seafile

         • Implement 2FA (Fred)

       • SFTP

         • Added --sftp-pem-key to support inline key files (calisro)

         • Fix post transfer copies failing with 0 size when using set_modtime=false (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

       • Sharefile

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

       • Sugarsync

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

       • Swift

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix cosmetic issue in error message (Martin Michlmayr)

       • Union

         • Implement multiple writable remotes (Max Sum)

         • Fix server-side copy (Max Sum)

         • Implement ListR (Max Sum)

         • Enable ListR when upstreams contain local (Max Sum)

       • WebDAV

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

         • Fix X-OC-Mtime header for Transip compatibility (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Report full and consistent usage with about (Yves G)

       • Yandex

         • Add support for --header-upload and --header-download (Tim Gallant)

   v1.51.0 - 2020-02-01
       • New backends

         • Memory (https://rclone.org/memory/) (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Sugarsync (https://rclone.org/sugarsync/) (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • New Features

         • Adjust all backends to have --backend-encoding parameter (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • this enables the encoding for special characters to be adjusted or disabled

         • Add --max-duration flag to control the maximum duration of a transfer session (boosh)

         • Add --expect-continue-timeout flag, default 1s (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --no-check-dest flag for copying without testing the destination (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement --order-by flag to order transfers (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • accounting

           • Don’t show entries in both transferring and checking (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add option to delete stats (Aleksandar Jankovic)

         • build

           • Compress the test builds with gzip (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Implement a framework for starting test servers during tests (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • cmd: Always print elapsed time to tenth place seconds in progress (Gary Kim)

         • config

           • Add --password-command to allow dynamic config password (Damon Permezel)

           • Give config questions default values (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Check a remote exists when creating a new one (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • copyurl: Add --stdout flag to write to stdout (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • dedupe: Implement keep smallest too (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • hashsum: Add flag --base64 flag (landall)

         • lsf: Speed up on s3/swift/etc by not reading mimetype by default (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • lsjson: Add --no-mimetype flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rc: Add methods to turn on blocking and mutex profiling (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rcd

           • Adding group parameter to stats (Chaitanya)

           • Move webgui apart; option to disable browser (Xiaoxing Ye)

         • serve sftp: Add support for public key with auth proxy (Paul Tinsley)

         • stats: Show deletes in stats and hide zero stats (anuar45)

       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting

           • Fix error counter counting multiple times (Ankur Gupta)

           • Fix error count shown as checks (Cnly)

           • Clear finished transfer in stats-reset (Maciej Zimnoch)

           • Added StatsInfo locking in statsGroups sum function (Michał Matczuk)

         • asyncreader: Fix EOF error (buengese)

         • check: Fix --one-way recursing more directories than it needs to (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • chunkedreader: Disable hash calculation for first segment (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • config

           • Do not open browser on headless on drive/gcs/google photos (Xiaoxing Ye)

           • SetValueAndSave ignore error if config section does not exist yet (buengese)

         • cmd: Fix completion with an encrypted config (Danil Semelenov)

         • dbhashsum: Stop it returning UNSUPPORTED on dropbox (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • dedupe: Add missing modes to help string (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • operations

           • Fix dedupe continuing on errors like insufficientFilePermisson (SezalAgrawal)

           • Clear accounting before low level retry (Maciej Zimnoch)

           • Write debug message when hashes could not be checked (Ole Schütt)

           • Move interface assertion to tests to remove pflag dependency (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make NewOverrideObjectInfo public and factor uses (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • proxy: Replace use of bcrypt with sha256 (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • vendor

           • Update bazil.org/fuse to fix FreeBSD 12.1 (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Update github.com/t3rm1n4l/go-mega to fix mega “illegal base64 data  at  input  byte
             22” (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Update termbox-go to fix ncdu command on FreeBSD (Kuang-che Wu)

           • Update t3rm1n4l/go-mega - fixes mega: couldn’t login: crypto/aes: invalid key size 0
             (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Mount

         • Enable async reads for a 20% speedup (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Replace use of WriteAt with Write for cache mode >= writes and O_APPEND (Brett Dutro)

         • Make sure we call unmount when exiting (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Don’t build on go1.10 as bazil/fuse no longer supports it (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • When setting dates discard out of range dates (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Add a newly created file straight into the directory (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Only calculate one hash for reads for a speedup (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make ReadAt for non cached files work better with non-sequential  reads  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Fix edge cases when reading ModTime from file (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make sure existing files opened for write show correct size (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Don’t cache the path in RW file objects to fix renaming (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix rename of open files when using the VFS cache (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • When  renaming  files  in  the cache, rename the cache item in memory too (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Fix open file renaming on drive when using --vfs-cache-mode writes (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix incorrect modtime for mv into mount with  --vfs-cache-modes  writes  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • On rename, rename in cache too if the file exists (Anagh Kumar Baranwal)

       • Local

         • Make source file being updated errors be NoLowLevelRetry errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix update of hidden files on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Cache

         • Follow move of upstream library github.com/coreos/bbolt github.com/etcd-io/bbolt (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • Fix fatal error: concurrent map writes (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Crypt

         • Reorder the filename encryption options (Thomas Eales)

         • Correctly handle trailing dot (buengese)

       • Chunker

         • Reduce length of temporary suffix (Ivan Andreev)

       • Drive

         • Add --drive-stop-on-upload-limit flag to stop syncs when upload  limit  reached  (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • Add  --drive-use-shared-date  to  use  date  file  was shared instead of modified date
           (Garry McNulty)

         • Make sure invalid auth for teamdrives always reports an error (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix --fast-list when using appDataFolder (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Use multipart resumable uploads for streaming and uploads in mount (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Log an ERROR if an incomplete search is returned (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Hide dangerous config from the configurator (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Dropbox

         • Treat insufficient_space errors as non retriable errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Jottacloud

         • Use new auth method used by official client (buengese)

         • Add URL to generate Login Token to config wizard (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add support whitelabel versions (buengese)

       • Koofr

         • Use rclone HTTP client.  (jaKa)

       • Onedrive

         • Add Sites.Read.All permission (Benjamin Richter)

         • Add support “Retry-After” header (Motonori IWAMURO)

       • Opendrive

         • Implement --opendrive-chunk-size (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Re-implement multipart upload to fix memory issues (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --s3-copy-cutoff for size to switch to multipart copy (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add new region Asia Patific (Hong Kong) (Outvi V)

         • Reduce memory usage streaming files by reducing max stream upload  size  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Add --s3-list-chunk option for bucket listing (Thomas Kriechbaumer)

         • Force path style bucket access to off for AWS deprecation (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Use AWS web identity role provider if available (Tennix)

         • Add StackPath Object Storage Support (Dave Koston)

         • Fix ExpiryWindow value (Aleksandar Jankovic)

         • Fix DisableChecksum condition (Aleksandar Janković)

         • Fix URL decoding of NextMarker (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • SFTP

         • Add --sftp-skip-links to skip symlinks and non regular files (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Retry Creation of Connection (Sebastian Brandt)

         • Fix  “failed  to parse private key file: ssh: not an encrypted key” error (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Open files for update write only to fix AWS SFTP interop (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Swift

         • Reserve segments of dynamic large object when delete objects  in  container  what  was
           enabled versioning.  (Nguyễn Hữu Luân)

         • Fix parsing of X-Object-Manifest (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Update OVH API endpoint (unbelauscht)

       • WebDAV

         • Make nextcloud only upload SHA1 checksums (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix case of “Bearer” in Authorization: header to agree with RFC (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add Referer header to fix problems with WAFs (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.50.2 - 2019-11-19
       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting: Fix memory leak on retries operations (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Fix listing of the root directory with drive.files scope (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix –drive-root-folder-id with team/shared drives (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.50.1 - 2019-11-02
       • Bug Fixes

         • hash: Fix accidentally changed hash names for DropboxHash and CRC-32 (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • fshttp: Fix error reporting on tpslimit token bucket errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • fshttp: Don’t print token bucket errors on context cancelled (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Local

         • Fix listings of .  on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Onedrive

         • Fix DirMove/Move after Onedrive change (Xiaoxing Ye)

   v1.50.0 - 2019-10-26
       • New backends

         • Citrix Sharefile (https://rclone.org/sharefile/) (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Chunker (https://rclone.org/chunker/) - an overlay backend to split files into smaller
           parts (Ivan Andreev)

         • Mail.ru Cloud (https://rclone.org/mailru/) (Ivan Andreev)

       • New Features

         • encodings (Fabian Möller & Nick Craig-Wood)

           • All backends now use file name encoding to ensure any file name can  be  written  to
             any backend.

           • See   the   restricted   file  name  docs  (https://rclone.org/overview/#restricted-
             filenames) for more info and the local backend docs.

           • Some file names may look different in rclone if you are using any control characters
             in           names           or          unicode          FULLWIDTH          symbols
             (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms_(Unicode_block)).

         • build

           • Update to use go1.13 for the build (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Drop support for go1.9 (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Build rclone with GitHub actions (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Convert python scripts to python3 (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Swap Azure/go-ansiterm for mattn/go-colorable (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Dockerfile fixes (Matei David)

           • Add                                  plugin                                  support
             (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#writing-a-plugin)  for
             backends and commands (Richard Patel)

         • config

           • Use alternating Red/Green in config to make more obvious (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • contrib

           • Add sample DLNA server Docker Compose manifest.  (pataquets)

           • Add sample WebDAV server Docker Compose manifest.  (pataquets)

         • copyurl

           • Add --auto-filename flag for using file name from URL in destination path (Denis)

         • serve dlna:

           • Many compatibility improvements (Dan Walters)

           • Support for external srt subtitles (Dan Walters)

         • rc

           • Added command core/quit (Saksham Khanna)

       • Bug Fixes

         • sync

           • Make --update/-u not transfer files that haven’t changed (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Free objects after they come out of the transfer pipe to save  memory  (Nick  Craig-
             Wood)

           • Fix --files-from without --no-traverse doing a recursive scan (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • operations

           • Fix accounting for server side copies (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Display `All duplicates removed' only if dedupe successful (Sezal Agrawal)

           • Display `Deleted X extra copies' only if dedupe successful (Sezal Agrawal)

         • accounting

           • Only allow up to 100 completed transfers in the accounting list to save memory (Nick
             Craig-Wood)

           • Cull the old time ranges when possible to save memory (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix panic due to server-side copy fallback (Ivan Andreev)

           • Fix memory leak noticeable for transfers of large numbers of  objects  (Nick  Craig-
             Wood)

           • Fix total duration calculation (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • cmd

           • Fix environment variables not setting command line flags (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Make autocomplete compatible with bash’s posix mode for macOS (Danil Semelenov)

           • Make --progress work in git bash on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix `compopt: command not found' on autocomplete on macOS (Danil Semelenov)

         • config

           • Fix setting of non top level flags from environment variables (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Check config names more carefully and report errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Remove error: can’t use --size-only and --ignore-size together.  (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • filter: Prevent mixing options when --files-from is in use (Michele Caci)

         • serve sftp: Fix crash on unsupported operations (eg Readlink) (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Mount

         • Allow files of unknown size to be read properly (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Skip tests on <= 2 CPUs to avoid lockup (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix panic on File.Open (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix “mount_fusefs: -o timeout=: option not supported” on FreeBSD (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Don’t pass huge filenames (>4k) to FUSE as it can’t cope (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Add flag --vfs-case-insensitive for windows/macOS mounts (Ivan Andreev)

         • Make objects of unknown size readable through the VFS (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Move  writeback  of dirty data out of close() method into its own method (FlushWrites)
           and remove close() call from Flush() (Brett Dutro)

         • Stop empty dirs disappearing when renamed on bucket based remotes (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Stop change notify polling clearing so much of the directory cache (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Azure Blob

         • Disable logging to the Windows event log (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • B2

         • Remove unverified: prefix on sha1 to improve interop (eg with CyberDuck) (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

       • Box

         • Add options to get access token via JWT auth (David)

       • Drive

         • Disable HTTP/2 by default to work around INTERNAL_ERROR problems (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make sure that drive root ID is always canonical (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix --drive-shared-with-me from the root with lsand --fast-list (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix ChangeNotify polling for shared drives (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix change notify polling when using appDataFolder (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Dropbox

         • Make disallowed filenames errors not retry (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix nil pointer exception on restricted files (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Fichier

         • Fix accessing files > 2GB on 32 bit systems (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • FTP

         • Allow disabling EPSV mode (Jon Fautley)

       • HTTP

         • HEAD directory entries in parallel to speedup (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --http-no-head to stop rclone doing HEAD in listings (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Putio

         • Add ability to resume uploads (Cenk Alti)

       • S3

         • Fix signature v2_auth headers (Anthony Rusdi)

         • Fix encoding for control characters (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Only ask for URL encoded directory listings if we need them on Ceph (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add option for multipart failure behaviour (Aleksandar Jankovic)

         • Support for multipart copy (庄天翼)

         • Fix nil pointer reference if no metadata returned for object (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • SFTP

         • Fix --sftp-ask-password trying to contact the ssh agent (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix hashes of files with backslashes (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Include more ciphers with --sftp-use-insecure-cipher (Carlos Ferreyra)

       • WebDAV

         • Parse and return Sharepoint error response (Henning Surmeier)

   v1.49.5 - 2019-10-05
       • Bug Fixes

         • Revert  back  to  go1.12.x for the v1.49.x builds as go1.13.x was causing issues (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • Fix rpm packages by using master builds of nfpm (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix macOS build after brew changes (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.49.4 - 2019-09-29
       • Bug Fixes

         • cmd/rcd: Address ZipSlip vulnerability (Richard Patel)

         • accounting: Fix file handle leak on errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • oauthutil: Fix security problem when running with two users on the same machine  (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

       • FTP

         • Fix listing of an empty root returning: error dir not found (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Fix SetModTime on GLACIER/ARCHIVE objects and implement set/get tier (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.49.3 - 2019-09-15
       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting

           • Fix total duration calculation (Aleksandar Jankovic)

           • Fix “file already closed” on transfer retries (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.49.2 - 2019-09-08
       • New Features

         • build: Add Docker workflow support (Alfonso Montero)

       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting:  Fix  locking  in  Transfer to avoid deadlock with --progress (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • docs: Fix template argument for mktemp in install.sh (Cnly)

         • operations: Fix -u/--update with google photos / files of unknown  size  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • rc: Fix docs for config/create /update /password (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Fix need for elevated permissions on SetModTime (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.49.1 - 2019-08-28
       • Bug Fixes

         • config: Fix generated passwords being stored as empty password (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rcd: Added missing parameter for web-gui info logs.  (Chaitanya)

       • Googlephotos

         • Fix crash on error response (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Onedrive

         • Fix crash on error response (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.49.0 - 2019-08-26
       • New backends

         • 1fichier (https://rclone.org/fichier/) (Laura Hausmann)

         • Google Photos (https://rclone.org/googlephotos/) (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Putio (https://rclone.org/putio/) (Cenk Alti)

         • premiumize.me (https://rclone.org/premiumizeme/) (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • New Features

         • Experimental web GUI (https://rclone.org/gui/) (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

         • Implement --compare-dest & --copy-dest (yparitcher)

         • Implement --suffix without --backup-dir for backup to current dir (yparitcher)

         • config  reconnect  to re-login (re-run the oauth login) for the backend.  (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • config userinfo to discover which user you are logged in as.  (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • config disconnect to disconnect you (log out) from the backend.  (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --use-json-log for JSON logging (justinalin)

         • Add context propagation to rclone (Aleksandar Jankovic)

         • Reworking internal statistics  interfaces  so  they  work  with  rc  jobs  (Aleksandar
           Jankovic)

         • Add Higher units for ETA (AbelThar)

         • Update rclone logos to new design (Andreas Chlupka)

         • hash: Add CRC-32 support (Cenk Alti)

         • help  showbackend:  Fixed  advanced option category when there are no standard options
           (buengese)

         • ncdu: Display/Copy to Clipboard Current Path (Gary Kim)

         • operations:

           • Run hashing operations in parallel (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Don’t calculate checksums when using --ignore-checksum (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Check transfer hashes when using --size-only mode (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Disable multi thread copy for local to local copies (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Debug successful hashes as well as failures (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rc

           • Add ability to stop async jobs (Aleksandar Jankovic)

           • Return current settings if core/bwlimit called without parameters (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Rclone-WebUI integration with rclone (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

           • Added command line parameter to control the cross origin resource sharing (CORS)  in
             the rcd.  (Security Improvement) (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

           • Add anchor tags to the docs so links are consistent (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Remove  _async key from input parameters after parsing so later operations won’t get
             confused (buengese)

           • Add call to clear stats (Aleksandar Jankovic)

         • rcd

           • Auto-login for web-gui (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

           • Implement --baseurl for rcd and web-gui (Chaitanya Bankanhal)

         • serve dlna

           • Only select interfaces which can multicast for SSDP (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add more builtin mime types to cover standard audio/video (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix missing mime types on Android causing missing videos (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve ftp

           • Refactor to bring into line with other serve commands (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Implement --auth-proxy (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve http: Implement --baseurl (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve restic: Implement --baseurl (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve sftp

           • Implement auth proxy (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix detection of whether server is authorized (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve webdav

           • Implement --baseurl (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Support --auth-proxy (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Bug Fixes

         • Make “bad record MAC” a retriable error (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • copyurl: Fix copying files that return HTTP errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • march: Fix checking sub-directories when using --no-traverse (buengese)

         • rc

           • Fix unmarshalable http.AuthFn in options and put in test  for  marshalability  (Nick
             Craig-Wood)

           • Move job expire flags to rc to fix initialization problem (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix --loopback with rc/list and others (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rcat: Fix slowdown on systems with multiple hashes (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rcd:  Fix  permissions  problems on cache directory with web gui download (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

       • Mount

         • Default --deamon-timout to 15 minutes on macOS and FreeBSD (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Update docs to show mounting from root OK for bucket based (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Remove nonseekable flag from write files (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Make write without cache more efficient (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix --vfs-cache-mode minimal and writes ignoring cached files (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Local

         • Add --local-case-sensitive and --local-case-insensitive (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Avoid polluting page cache when uploading  local  files  to  remote  backends  (Michał
           Matczuk)

         • Don’t calculate any hashes by default (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fadvise run syscall on a dedicated go routine (Michał Matczuk)

       • Azure Blob

         • Azure Storage Emulator support (Sandeep)

         • Updated config help details to remove connection string references (Sandeep)

         • Make all operations work from the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • B2

         • Implement link sharing (yparitcher)

         • Enable server side copy to copy between buckets (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make all operations work from the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Fix server side copy of big files (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Update API for teamdrive use (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add error for purge with --drive-trashed-only (ginvine)

       • Fichier

         • Make FolderID int and adjust related code (buengese)

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Reduce oauth scope requested as suggested by Google (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make all operations work from the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • HTTP

         • Add --http-headers flag for setting arbitrary headers (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Jottacloud

         • Use new api for retrieving internal username (buengese)

         • Refactor configuration and minor cleanup (buengese)

       • Koofr

         • Support setting modification times on Koofr backend.  (jaKa)

       • Opendrive

         • Refactor to use existing lib/rest facilities for uploads (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Qingstor

         • Upgrade to v3 SDK and fix listing loop (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make all operations work from the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Add INTELLIGENT_TIERING storage class (Matti Niemenmaa)

         • Make all operations work from the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • SFTP

         • Add missing interface check and fix About (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Completely ignore all modtime checks if SetModTime=false (Jon Fautley)

         • Support md5/sha1 with rsync.net (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Save the md5/sha1 command in use to the config file for efficiency (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Opt-in support for diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 diffie-hellman-group-exchange-
           sha1 (Yi FU)

       • Swift

         • Use FixRangeOption to fix 0 length files via the VFS (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix upload when using no_chunk to return the correct size (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make all operations work from the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix segments leak during failed large file uploads.  (nguyenhuuluan434)

       • WebDAV

         • Add --webdav-bearer-token-command (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Refresh token when it expires with --webdav-bearer-token-command (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add docs for using bearer_token_command with oidc-agent (Paul Millar)

   v1.48.0 - 2019-06-15
       • New commands

         • serve sftp: Serve an rclone remote over SFTP (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • New Features

         • Multi threaded downloads to local storage (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • controlled with --multi-thread-cutoff and --multi-thread-streams

         • Use rclone.conf from rclone executable directory to enable portable use (albertony)

         • Allow sync of a file and a directory with the same name (forgems)

           • this is common on bucket based remotes, eg s3, gcs

         • Add --ignore-case-sync for forced case insensitivity (garry415)

         • Implement --stats-one-line-date and --stats-one-line-date-format (Peter Berbec)

         • Log an ERROR for all commands which exit with non-zero status (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Use go-homedir to read the home directory more reliably (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Enable  creating  encrypted  config  through  external  script  invocation   (Wojciech
           Smigielski)

         • build: Drop support for go1.8 (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • config: Make config create/update encrypt passwords where necessary (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • copyurl: Honor --no-check-certificate (Stefan Breunig)

         • install: Linux skip man pages if no mandb (didil)

         • lsf: Support showing the Tier of the object (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • lsjson

           • Added EncryptedPath to output (calisro)

           • Support showing the Tier of the object (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add IsBucket field for bucket based remote listing of the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rc

           • Add --loopback flag to run commands directly without a server (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add operations/fsinfo: Return information about the remote (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Skip auth for OPTIONS request (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • cmd/providers: Add DefaultStr, ValueStr and Type fields (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • jobs: Make job expiry timeouts configurable (Aleksandar Jankovic)

         • serve dlna reworked and improved (Dan Walters)

         • serve ftp: add --ftp-public-ip flag to specify public IP (calistri)

         • serve restic: Add support for --private-repos in serve restic (Florian Apolloner)

         • serve webdav: Combine serve webdav and serve http (Gary Kim)

         • size: Ignore negative sizes when calculating total (Garry McNulty)

       • Bug Fixes

         • Make move and copy individual files obey --backup-dir (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • If --ignore-checksum is in effect, don’t calculate checksum (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • moveto: Fix case-insensitive same remote move (Gary Kim)

         • rc: Fix serving bucket based objects with --rc-serve (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve webdav: Fix serveDir not being updated with changes from webdav (Gary Kim)

       • Mount

         • Fix poll interval documentation (Animosity022)

       • VFS

         • Make WriteAt for non cached files work with non-sequential writes (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Local

         • Only calculate the required hashes for big speedup (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Log errors when listing instead of returning an error (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix preallocate warning on Linux with ZFS (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Crypt

         • Make rclone dedupe work through crypt (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix wrapping of ChangeNotify to decrypt directories properly (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Support PublicLink (rclone link) of underlying backend (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement Optional methods SetTier, GetTier (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • B2

         • Implement server side copy (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement SetModTime (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Fix move and copy from TeamDrive to GDrive (Fionera)

         • Add notes that cleanup works in the background on drive (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add  --drive-server-side-across-configs  to  default  back  to  old  server  side copy
           semantics by default (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --drive-size-as-quota to show storage quota usage for file size (Garry McNulty)

       • FTP

         • Add FTP List timeout (Jeff Quinn)

         • Add FTP over TLS support (Gary Kim)

         • Add --ftp-no-check-certificate option for FTPS (Gary Kim)

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Fix upload errors when uploading pre 1970 files (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Jottacloud

         • Add support for selecting device and mountpoint.  (buengese)

       • Mega

         • Add cleanup support (Gary Kim)

       • Onedrive

         • More accurately check if root is found (Cnly)

       • S3

         • Support S3 Accelerated endpoints with --s3-use-accelerate-endpoint (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add config info for Wasabi’s EU Central endpoint (Robert Marko)

         • Make SetModTime work for GLACIER while syncing (Philip Harvey)

       • SFTP

         • Add About support (Gary Kim)

         • Fix about parsing of df results so it can cope with -ve results (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Send custom client version and debug server version (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • WebDAV

         • Retry on 423 Locked errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.47.0 - 2019-04-13
       • New backends

         • Backend for Koofr cloud storage service.  (jaKa)

       • New Features

         • Resume downloads if the reader fails in copy (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • this means rclone will restart transfers if the source has an error

           • this is most useful for downloads or cloud to cloud copies

         • Use --fast-list for listing operations where it won’t use  more  memory  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

           • this should speed up the following operations on remotes which support ListR

           • dedupe,  serve  restic  lsf,  ls,  lsl, lsjson, lsd, md5sum, sha1sum, hashsum, size,
             delete, cat, settier

           • use --disable ListR to get old behaviour if required

         • Make --files-from traverse the destination unless --no-traverse is  set  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

           • this fixes --files-from with Google drive and excessive API use in general.

         • Make server side copy account bytes and obey --max-transfer (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --create-empty-src-dirs flag and default to not creating empty dirs (ishuah)

         • Add client side TLS/SSL flags --ca-cert/--client-cert/--client-key (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Implement --suffix-keep-extension for use with --suffix (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • build:

           • Switch to semvar compliant version tags to be go modules compliant (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Update to use go1.12.x for the build (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve  dlna:  Add connection manager service description to improve compatibility (Dan
           Walters)

         • lsf: Add `e' format to show encrypted names and `o' for original IDs (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • lsjson: Added --files-only and --dirs-only flags (calistri)

         • rc: Implement operations/publiclink the equivalent of rclone link (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting: Fix total ETA when --stats-unit bits is in effect (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Bash TAB completion

           • Use private custom func to fix clash between rclone and kubectl (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix for remotes with underscores in their names (Six)

           • Fix completion of remotes (Florian Gamböck)

           • Fix autocompletion of remote paths with spaces (Danil Semelenov)

         • serve dlna: Fix root XML service descriptor (Dan Walters)

         • ncdu: Fix display corruption with Chinese characters (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add SIGTERM to signals which run the exit handlers on unix (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rc: Reload filter when the options are set via the rc (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS / Mount

         • Fix FreeBSD: Ignore Truncate if called with no readers and already  the  correct  size
           (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Read directory and check for a file before mkdir (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Shorten the locking window for vfs/refresh (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Azure Blob

         • Enable MD5 checksums when uploading files bigger than the “Cutoff” (Dr.Rx)

         • Fix SAS URL support (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • B2

         • Allow manual configuration of backblaze downloadUrl (Vince)

         • Ignore already_hidden error on remove (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Ignore malformed src_last_modified_millis (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Drive

         • Add  --skip-checksum-gphotos  to  ignore  incorrect  checksums  on Google Photos (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • Allow server side move/copy between different remotes.  (Fionera)

         • Add docs on team drives and --fast-list eventual consistency (Nestar47)

         • Fix imports of text files (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix range requests on 0 length files (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix creation of duplicates with server side copy (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Dropbox

         • Retry blank errors to fix long listings (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • FTP

         • Add --ftp-concurrency to limit maximum number of connections (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Fall back to default application credentials (marcintustin)

         • Allow bucket policy only buckets (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • HTTP

         • Add --http-no-slash for websites with directories with no slashes (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Remove duplicates from listings (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix socket leak on 404 errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Jottacloud

         • Fix token refresh (Sebastian Bünger)

         • Add device registration (Oliver Heyme)

       • Onedrive

         • Implement graceful cancel of multipart uploads if rclone is interrupted (Cnly)

         • Always add trailing colon to path when addressing items, (Cnly)

         • Return errors instead of panic for invalid uploads (Fabian Möller)

       • S3

         • Add support for “Glacier Deep Archive” storage class (Manu)

         • Update Dreamhost endpoint (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Note incompatibility with CEPH Jewel (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • SFTP

         • Allow custom ssh client config (Alexandru Bumbacea)

       • Swift

         • Obey Retry-After to enable OVH restore from cold storage (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Work around token expiry on CEPH (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • WebDAV

         • Allow IsCollection property to be integer or boolean (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix race when creating directories (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix About/df when reading the available/total returns 0 (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.46 - 2019-02-09
       • New backends

         • Support Alibaba Cloud (Aliyun) OSS via the s3 backend (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • New commands

         • serve dlna: serves a remove via DLNA for the local network (nicolov)

       • New Features

         • copy, move: Restore deprecated --no-traverse flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • This is useful  for  when  transferring  a  small  number  of  files  into  a  large
             destination

         • genautocomplete:  Add remote path completion for bash completion (Christopher Peterson
           & Danil Semelenov)

         • Buffer memory handling reworked to return memory to the OS better (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Buffer recycling library to replace sync.Pool

           • Optionally use memory mapped memory for better memory shrinking

           • Enable with --use-mmap if having memory problems - not default yet

         • Parallelise reading of files specified by --files-from (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • check: Add stats showing total files matched.  (Dario Guzik)

         • Allow rename/delete open files under Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • lsjson: Use exactly the correct number of decimal places in the seconds  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Add cookie support with cmdline switch --use-cookies for all HTTP based remotes (qip)

         • Warn if --checksum is set but there are no hashes available (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Rework rate limiting (pacer) to be more accurate and allow bursting (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Improve error reporting for too many/few arguments in commands (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • listremotes: Remove -l short flag as it conflicts with the new global flag (weetmuts)

         • Make http serving with auth generate INFO messages on auth fail (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Bug Fixes

         • Fix layout of stats (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix --progress crash under Windows Jenkins (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix transfer of google/onedrive docs by calling Rcat in Copy when size is -1 (Cnly)

         • copyurl: Fix checking of --dry-run (Denis Skovpen)

       • Mount

         • Check that mountpoint and local directory to mount don’t overlap (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix mount size under 32 bit Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Implement renaming of directories for backends without DirMove (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • now all backends except b2 support renaming directories

         • Implement --vfs-cache-max-size to limit the total size of the cache (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --dir-perms and --file-perms flags to set default permissions (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix deadlock on concurrent operations on a directory (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix deadlock between RWFileHandle.close and File.Remove (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix  renaming/deleting  open files with cache mode “writes” under Windows (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Fix panic on rename with --dry-run set (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix vfs/refresh with recurse=true needing the --fast-list flag

       • Local

         • Add support for -l/--links (symbolic link translation) (yair@unicorn)

           • this works by showing links as link.rclonelink - see local  backend  docs  for  more
             info

           • this errors if used with -L/--copy-links

         • Fix renaming/deleting open files on Windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Crypt

         • Check for maximum length before decrypting filename to fix panic (Garry McNulty)

       • Azure Blob

         • Allow building azureblob backend on *BSD (themylogin)

         • Use the rclone HTTP client to support --dump headers, --tpslimit etc (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Use the s3 pacer for 0 delay in non error conditions (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Ignore directory markers (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Stop Mkdir attempting to create existing containers (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • B2

         • cleanup: will remove unfinished large files >24hrs old (Garry McNulty)

         • For a bucket limited application key check the bucket name (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • before  this,  rclone  would use the authorised bucket regardless of what you put on
             the command line

         • Added --b2-disable-checksum flag (Wojciech Smigielski)

           • this enables large files to be uploaded without a SHA-1 hash for speed reasons

       • Drive

         • Set default pacer to 100ms for 10 tps (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • This fits the Google defaults much better and reduces the 403 errors massively

           • Add --drive-pacer-min-sleep and --drive-pacer-burst to control the pacer

         • Improve ChangeNotify support for items with multiple parents (Fabian Möller)

         • Fix ListR for items with multiple parents  -  this  fixes  oddities  with  vfs/refresh
           (Fabian Möller)

         • Fix using --drive-impersonate and appfolders (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix google docs in rclone mount for some (not all) applications (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Dropbox

         • Retry-After support for Dropbox backend (Mathieu Carbou)

       • FTP

         • Wait for 60 seconds for a connection to Close then declare it dead (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • helps with indefinite hangs on some FTP servers

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Update google cloud storage endpoints (weetmuts)

       • HTTP

         • Add  an  example  with  username and password which is supported but wasn’t documented
           (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix backend with --files-from and non-existent files (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Hubic

         • Make error message more informative if authentication fails (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Jottacloud

         • Resume and deduplication support (Oliver Heyme)

         • Use token auth for all API requests Don’t store password anymore (Sebastian Bünger)

         • Add support for 2-factor authentication (Sebastian Bünger)

       • Mega

         • Implement v2 account login which fixes logins for newer  Mega  accounts  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Return error if an unknown length file is attempted to be uploaded (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add new error codes for better error reporting (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Onedrive

         • Fix broken support for “shared with me” folders (Alex Chen)

         • Fix root ID not normalised (Cnly)

         • Return err instead of panic on unknown-sized uploads (Cnly)

       • Qingstor

         • Fix go routine leak on multipart upload errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add upload chunk size/concurrency/cutoff control (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Default --qingstor-upload-concurrency to 1 to work around bug (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Implement --s3-upload-cutoff for single part uploads below this (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Change --s3-upload-concurrency default to 4 to increase performance (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --s3-bucket-acl to control bucket ACL (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Auto detect region for buckets on operation failure (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add GLACIER storage class (William Cocker)

         • Add Scaleway to s3 documentation (Rémy Léone)

         • Add AWS endpoint eu-north-1 (weetmuts)

       • SFTP

         • Add support for PEM encrypted private keys (Fabian Möller)

         • Add option to force the usage of an ssh-agent (Fabian Möller)

         • Perform environment variable expansion on key-file (Fabian Möller)

         • Fix rmdir on Windows based servers (eg CrushFTP) (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix rmdir deleting directory contents on some SFTP servers (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix error on dangling symlinks (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Swift

         • Add --swift-no-chunk to disable segmented uploads in rcat/mount (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Introduce application credential auth support (kayrus)

         • Fix memory usage by slimming Object (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix extra requests on upload (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix reauth on big files (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Union

         • Fix poll-interval not working (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • WebDAV

         • Support  About  which  means rclone mount will show the correct disk size (Nick Craig-
           Wood)

         • Support MD5 and SHA1 hashes with Owncloud and Nextcloud (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fail soft on time parsing errors (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix infinite loop on failed directory creation (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix identification of directories for Bitrix Site Manager (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix upload of 0 length files on some servers (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix if MKCOL fails with 423 Locked assume the directory exists (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.45 - 2018-11-24
       • New backends

         • The Yandex backend was re-written - see below for details (Sebastian Bünger)

       • New commands

         • rcd: New command just to serve the remote control API (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • New Features

         • The remote control API (rc) was greatly expanded to allow  full  control  over  rclone
           (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • sensitive operations require authorization or the --rc-no-auth flag

           • config/* operations to configure rclone

           • options/* for reading/setting command line flags

           • operations/* for all low level operations, eg copy file, list directory

           • sync/* for sync, copy and move

           • --rc-files flag to serve files on the rc http server

             • this is for building web native GUIs for rclone

           • Optionally serving objects on the rc http server

           • Ensure rclone fails to start up if the --rc port is in use already

           • See the rc docs (https://rclone.org/rc/) for more info

         • sync/copy/move

           • Make  --files-from  only read the objects specified and don’t scan directories (Nick
             Craig-Wood)

             • This is a huge speed improvement for destinations with lots of files

         • filter: Add --ignore-case flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • ncdu: Add remove function (`d' key) (Henning Surmeier)

         • rc command

           • Add --json flag for structured JSON input (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add --user and --pass flags and  interpret  --rc-user,  --rc-pass,  --rc-addr  (Nick
             Craig-Wood)

         • build

           • Require go1.8 or later for compilation (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Enable softfloat on MIPS arch (Scott Edlund)

           • Integration  test  framework  revamped with a better report and better retries (Nick
             Craig-Wood)

       • Bug Fixes

         • cmd: Make --progress update the stats correctly at the end (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • config: Create config directory on save if it is missing (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • dedupe: Check for existing filename before renaming a dupe file (ssaqua)

         • move: Don’t create directories with --dry-run (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • operations: Fix Purge and Rmdirs when dir is not the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • serve http/webdav/restic: Ensure rclone exits if the port is in use (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Mount

         • Make --volname work for Windows and macOS (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Azure Blob

         • Avoid context deadline exceeded error by setting a large TryTimeout value (brused27)

         • Fix erroneous Rmdir error “directory not empty” (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Wait for up to 60s to create a just deleted container (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Dropbox

         • Add dropbox impersonate support (Jake Coggiano)

       • Jottacloud

         • Fix bug in --fast-list handing of empty folders (albertony)

       • Opendrive

         • Fix transfer of files with + and & in (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix retries of upload chunks (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Set ACL for server side copies to that provided by the user (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix role_arn, credential_source, ... (Erik Swanson)

         • Add config info for Wasabi’s US-West endpoint (Henry Ptasinski)

       • SFTP

         • Ensure file hash checking is really disabled (Jon Fautley)

       • Swift

         • Add pacer for retries to make swift more reliable (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • WebDAV

         • Add Content-Type to PUT requests (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix config parsing so --webdav-user and --webdav-pass flags work (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add RFC3339 date format (Ralf Hemberger)

       • Yandex

         • The yandex backend was re-written (Sebastian Bünger)

           • This implements low level retries (Sebastian Bünger)

           • Copy, Move, DirMove, PublicLink and About optional interfaces (Sebastian Bünger)

           • Improved general error handling (Sebastian Bünger)

           • Removed ListR for now due to inconsistent behaviour (Sebastian Bünger)

   v1.44 - 2018-10-15
       • New commands

         • serve ftp: Add ftp server (Antoine GIRARD)

         • settier: perform storage tier changes on supported remotes (sandeepkru)

       • New Features

         • Reworked command line help

           • Make default help less verbose (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Split flags up into global and backend flags (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Implement specialised help for flags and backends (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Show URL of backend help page when starting config (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • stats: Long names now split in center (Joanna Marek)

         • Add --log-format flag for more control over log output (dcpu)

         • rc: Add support for OPTIONS and basic CORS (frenos)

         • stats: show FatalErrors and NoRetryErrors in stats (Cédric Connes)

       • Bug Fixes

         • Fix -P not ending with a new line (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • config: don’t create default config dir when user supplies --config (albertony)

         • Don’t print non-ASCII characters with --progress on windows (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Correct logs for excluded items (ssaqua)

       • Mount

         • Remove EXPERIMENTAL tags (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Fix race condition detected by serve ftp tests (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add vfs/poll-interval rc command (Fabian Möller)

         • Enable rename for nearly all remotes using server side Move or Copy (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Reduce directory cache cleared by poll-interval (Fabian Möller)

         • Remove EXPERIMENTAL tags (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Local

         • Skip bad symlinks in dir listing with -L enabled (Cédric Connes)

         • Preallocate files on Windows to reduce fragmentation (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Preallocate files on linux with fallocate(2) (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Cache

         • Add cache/fetch rc function (Fabian Möller)

         • Fix worker scale down (Fabian Möller)

         • Improve performance by not sending info requests for cached chunks (dcpu)

         • Fix error return value of cache/fetch rc method (Fabian Möller)

         • Documentation fix for cache-chunk-total-size (Anagh Kumar Baranwal)

         • Preserve leading / in wrapped remote path (Fabian Möller)

         • Add plex_insecure option to skip certificate validation (Fabian Möller)

         • Remove entries that no longer exist in the source (dcpu)

       • Crypt

         • Preserve leading / in wrapped remote path (Fabian Möller)

       • Alias

         • Fix handling of Windows network paths (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Azure Blob

         • Add --azureblob-list-chunk parameter (Santiago Rodríguez)

         • Implemented settier command support on azureblob remote.  (sandeepkru)

         • Work around SDK bug which causes errors for chunk-sized files (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Box

         • Implement link sharing.  (Sebastian Bünger)

       • Drive

         • Add --drive-import-formats - google docs can now be imported (Fabian Möller)

           • Rewrite mime type and extension handling (Fabian Möller)

           • Add document links (Fabian Möller)

           • Add support for multipart document extensions (Fabian Möller)

           • Add support for apps-script to json export (Fabian Möller)

           • Fix escaped chars in documents during list (Fabian Möller)

         • Add --drive-v2-download-min-size a workaround for slow downloads (Fabian Möller)

         • Improve directory notifications in ChangeNotify (Fabian Möller)

         • When listing team drives in config, continue on failure (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • FTP

         • Add a small pause after failed upload before deleting file (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Fix service_account_file being ignored (Fabian Möller)

       • Jottacloud

         • Minor improvement in quota info (omit if unlimited) (albertony)

         • Add --fast-list support (albertony)

         • Add permanent delete support: --jottacloud-hard-delete (albertony)

         • Add link sharing support (albertony)

         • Fix handling of reserved characters.  (Sebastian Bünger)

         • Fix socket leak on Object.Remove (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Onedrive

         • Rework to support Microsoft Graph (Cnly)

           • NB this will require re-authenticating the remote

         • Removed upload cutoff and always do session uploads (Oliver Heyme)

         • Use single-part upload for empty files (Cnly)

         • Fix new fields not saved when editing old config (Alex Chen)

         • Fix sometimes special chars in filenames not replaced (Alex Chen)

         • Ignore OneNote files by default (Alex Chen)

         • Add link sharing support (jackyzy823)

       • S3

         • Use custom pacer, to retry operations when reasonable (Craig Miskell)

         • Use  configured  server-side-encryption  and  storage  class  options   when   calling
           CopyObject() (Paul Kohout)

         • Make --s3-v2-auth flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix v2 auth on files with spaces (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Union

         • Implement union backend which reads from multiple backends (Felix Brucker)

         • Implement optional interfaces (Move, DirMove, Copy etc) (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix ChangeNotify to support multiple remotes (Fabian Möller)

         • Fix --backup-dir on union backend (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • WebDAV

         • Add another time format (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add a small pause after failed upload before deleting file (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add workaround for missing mtime (buergi)

         • Sharepoint: Renew cookies after 12hrs (Henning Surmeier)

       • Yandex

         • Remove redundant nil checks (teresy)

   v1.43.1 - 2018-09-07
       Point release to fix hubic and azureblob backends.

       • Bug Fixes

         • ncdu: Return error instead of log.Fatal in Show (Fabian Möller)

         • cmd: Fix crash with --progress and --stats 0 (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • docs: Tidy website display (Anagh Kumar Baranwal)

       • Azure Blob:

         • Fix multi-part uploads.  (sandeepkru)

       • Hubic

         • Fix uploads (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Retry auth fetching if it fails to make hubic more reliable (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.43 - 2018-09-01
       • New backends

         • Jottacloud (Sebastian Bünger)

       • New commands

         • copyurl: copies a URL to a remote (Denis)

       • New Features

         • Reworked config for backends (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • All backend config can now be supplied by command line, env var or config file

           • Advanced section in the config wizard for the optional items

           • A large step towards rclone backends being usable in other go software

           • Allow on the fly remotes with :backend: syntax

         • Stats revamp

           • Add --progress/-P flag to show interactive progress (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Show the total progress of the sync in the stats (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Add --stats-one-line flag for single line stats (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Added weekday schedule into --bwlimit (Mateusz)

         • lsjson: Add option to show the original object IDs (Fabian Möller)

         • serve  webdav:  Make  Content-Type  without reading the file and add --etag-hash (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

         • build

           • Build macOS with native compiler (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Update to use go1.11 for the build (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • rc

           • Added core/stats to return the stats (reddi1)

         • version --check: Prints the current release and beta versions (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Bug Fixes

         • accounting

           • Fix time to completion estimates (Nick Craig-Wood)

           • Fix moving average speed for file stats (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • config: Fix error reading password from piped input (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • move: Fix --delete-empty-src-dirs flag to delete all empty dirs on move (ishuah)

       • Mount

         • Implement --daemon-timeout flag for OSXFUSE (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix mount --daemon not working with encrypted config (Alex Chen)

         • Clip the number of blocks to 2^32-1 on macOS - fixes borg backup (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • VFS

         • Enable vfs-read-chunk-size by default (Fabian Möller)

         • Add the vfs/refresh rc command (Fabian Möller)

         • Add non recursive mode to vfs/refresh rc command (Fabian Möller)

         • Try to seek buffer on read only files (Fabian Möller)

       • Local

         • Fix crash when deprecated --local-no-unicode-normalization is  supplied  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

         • Fix  mkdir  error  when  trying  to copy files to the root of a drive on windows (Nick
           Craig-Wood)

       • Cache

         • Fix nil pointer deref when using lsjson on cached directory (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix nil pointer deref for occasional crash on playback (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Crypt

         • Fix accounting when checking hashes on upload (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Amazon Cloud Drive

         • Make very clear in the docs that rclone has no ACD keys (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Azure Blob

         • Add connection string and SAS URL auth (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • List the container to see if it exists (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Port new Azure Blob Storage SDK (sandeepkru)

         • Added blob tier, tier between Hot, Cool and Archive.  (sandeepkru)

         • Remove leading / from paths (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • B2

         • Support Application Keys (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Remove leading / from paths (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Box

         • Fix upload of > 2GB files on 32 bit platforms (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Make --box-commit-retries flag defaulting to 100 to fix  large  uploads  (Nick  Craig-
           Wood)

       • Drive

         • Add --drive-keep-revision-forever flag (lewapm)

         • Handle gdocs when filtering file names in list (Fabian Möller)

         • Support using --fast-list for large speedups (Fabian Möller)

       • FTP

         • Fix Put mkParentDir failed: 521 for BunnyCDN (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Fix index out of range error with --fast-list (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Jottacloud

         • Fix MD5 error check (Oliver Heyme)

         • Handle empty time values (Martin Polden)

         • Calculate missing MD5s (Oliver Heyme)

         • Docs, fixes and tests for MD5 calculation (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add optional MimeTyper interface.  (Sebastian Bünger)

         • Implement optional About interface (for df support).  (Sebastian Bünger)

       • Mega

         • Wait for events instead of arbitrary sleeping (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --mega-hard-delete flag (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix failed logins with upper case chars in email (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Onedrive

         • Shared folder support (Yoni Jah)

         • Implement DirMove (Cnly)

         • Fix rmdir sometimes deleting directories with contents (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Pcloud

         • Delete half uploaded files on upload error (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Qingstor

         • Remove leading / from paths (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • S3

         • Fix index out of range error with --fast-list (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add --s3-force-path-style (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add support for KMS Key ID (bsteiss)

         • Remove leading / from paths (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Swift

         • Add storage_policy (Ruben Vandamme)

         • Make it so just storage_url or auth_token can be overridden (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Fix server side copy bug for unusual file names (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Remove leading / from paths (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • WebDAV

         • Ensure we call MKCOL with a URL with a trailing / for QNAP interop (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • If root ends with / then don’t check if it is a file (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Don’t accept redirects when reading metadata (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Add bearer token (Macaroon) support for dCache (Nick Craig-Wood)

         • Document dCache and Macaroons (Onno Zweers)

         • Sharepoint recursion with different depth (Henning)

         • Attempt to remove failed uploads (Nick Craig-Wood)

       • Yandex

         • Fix listing/deleting files in the root (Nick Craig-Wood)

   v1.42 - 2018-06-16
       • New backends

         • OpenDrive (Oliver Heyme, Jakub Karlicek, ncw)

       • New commands

         • deletefile command (Filip Bartodziej)

       • New Features

         • copy, move: Copy single files directly, don’t use --files-from work-around

           • this makes them much more efficient

         • Implement --max-transfer flag to quit transferring at a limit

           • make exit code 8 for --max-transfer exceeded

         • copy: copy empty source directories to destination (Ishuah Kariuki)

         • check: Add --one-way flag (Kasper Byrdal Nielsen)

         • Add siginfo handler for macOS for ctrl-T stats (kubatasiemski)

         • rc

           • add core/gc to run a garbage collection on demand

           • enable go profiling by default on the --rc port

           • return error from remote on failure

         • lsf

           • Add --absolute flag to add a leading / onto path names

           • Add --csv flag for compliant CSV output

           • Add `m' format specifier to show the MimeType

           • Implement `i' format for showing object ID

         • lsjson

           • Add MimeType to the output

           • Add ID field to output to show Object ID

         • Add --retries-sleep flag (Benjamin Joseph Dag)

         • Oauth tidy up web page and error handling (Henning Surmeier)

       • Bug Fixes

         • Password prompt output with --log-file fixed for unix (Filip Bartodziej)

         • Calculate ModifyWindow each time on the fly to fix various problems (Stefan Breunig)

       • Mount

         • Only print “File.rename error” if there actually is an error (Stefan Breunig)

         • Delay rename if file has open writers instead of failing outright (Stefan Breunig)

         • Ensure atexit gets run on interrupt

         • macOS enhancements

           • Make --noappledouble --noapplexattr

           • Add --volname flag and remove special chars from it

           • Make Get/List/Set/Remove xattr return ENOSYS for efficiency

           • Make --daemon work for macOS without CGO

       • VFS

         • Add --vfs-read-chunk-size and --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit (Fabian Möller)

         • Fix ChangeNotify for new or changed folders (Fabian Möller)

       • Local

         • Fix symlink/junction point directory handling under Windows

           • NB you will need to add -L to your command line to copy files with reparse points

       • Cache

         • Add non cached dirs on notifications (Remus Bunduc)

         • Allow root to be expired from rc (Remus Bunduc)

         • Clean remaining empty folders from temp upload path (Remus Bunduc)

         • Cache lists using batch writes (Remus Bunduc)

         • Use secure websockets for HTTPS Plex addresses (John Clayton)

         • Reconnect plex websocket on failures (Remus Bunduc)

         • Fix panic when running without plex configs (Remus Bunduc)

         • Fix root folder caching (Remus Bunduc)

       • Crypt

         • Check the crypted hash of files when uploading for extra data security

       • Dropbox

         • Make Dropbox for business folders accessible using an initial / in the path

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Low level retry all operations if necessary

       • Google Drive

         • Add --drive-acknowledge-abuse to download flagged files

         • Add --drive-alternate-export to fix large doc export

         • Don’t attempt to choose Team Drives when using rclone config create

         • Fix change list polling with team drives

         • Fix ChangeNotify for folders (Fabian Möller)

         • Fix about (and df on a mount) for team drives

       • Onedrive

         • Errorhandler for onedrive for business requests (Henning Surmeier)

       • S3

         • Adjust upload concurrency with --s3-upload-concurrency (themylogin)

         • Fix --s3-chunk-size which was always using the minimum

       • SFTP

         • Add --ssh-path-override flag (Piotr Oleszczyk)

         • Fix slow downloads for long latency connections

       • Webdav

         • Add workarounds for biz.mail.ru

         • Ignore Reason-Phrase in status line to fix 4shared (Rodrigo)

         • Better error message generation

   v1.41 - 2018-04-28
       • New backends

         • Mega support added

         • Webdav now supports SharePoint cookie authentication (hensur)

       • New commands

         • link: create public link to files and folders (Stefan Breunig)

         • about: gets quota info from a remote (a-roussos, ncw)

         • hashsum: a generic tool for any hash to produce md5sum like output

       • New Features

         • lsd: Add -R flag and fix and update docs for all ls commands

         • ncdu: added a “refresh” key - CTRL-L (Keith Goldfarb)

         • serve restic: Add append-only mode (Steve Kriss)

         • serve restic: Disallow overwriting files in append-only mode (Alexander Neumann)

         • serve restic: Print actual listener address (Matt Holt)

         • size: Add –json flag (Matthew Holt)

         • sync: implement –ignore-errors (Mateusz Pabian)

         • dedupe: Add dedupe largest functionality (Richard Yang)

         • fs: Extend SizeSuffix to include TB and PB for rclone about

         • fs: add –dump goroutines and –dump openfiles for debugging

         • rc: implement core/memstats to print internal memory usage info

         • rc: new call rc/pid (Michael P.  Dubner)

       • Compile

         • Drop support for go1.6

       • Release

         • Fix make tarball (Chih-Hsuan Yen)

       • Bug Fixes

         • filter: fix –min-age and –max-age together check

         • fs: limit MaxIdleConns and MaxIdleConnsPerHost in transport

         • lsd,lsf: make sure all times we output are in local time

         • rc: fix setting bwlimit to unlimited

         • rc: take note of the –rc-addr flag too as per the docs

       • Mount

         • Use About to return the correct disk total/used/free (eg in df)

         • Set --attr-timeout default to 1s - fixes:

           • rclone using too much memory

           • rclone not serving files to samba

           • excessive time listing directories

         • Fix df -i (upstream fix)

       • VFS

         • Filter files . and .. from directory listing

         • Only make the VFS cache if –vfs-cache-mode > Off

       • Local

         • Add –local-no-check-updated to disable updated file checks

         • Retry remove on Windows sharing violation error

       • Cache

         • Flush the memory cache after close

         • Purge file data on notification

         • Always forget parent dir for notifications

         • Integrate with Plex websocket

         • Add rc cache/stats (seuffert)

         • Add info log on notification

       • Box

         • Fix failure reading large directories - parse file/directory size as float

       • Dropbox

         • Fix crypt+obfuscate on dropbox

         • Fix repeatedly uploading the same files

       • FTP

         • Work around strange response from box FTP server

         • More workarounds for FTP servers to fix mkParentDir error

         • Fix no error on listing non-existent directory

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Add service_account_credentials (Matt Holt)

         • Detect bucket presence by listing it - minimises permissions needed

         • Ignore zero length directory markers

       • Google Drive

         • Add service_account_credentials (Matt Holt)

         • Fix directory move leaving a hardlinked directory behind

         • Return proper google errors when Opening files

         • When  initialized  with a filepath, optional features used incorrect root path (Stefan
           Breunig)

       • HTTP

         • Fix sync for servers which don’t return Content-Length in HEAD

       • Onedrive

         • Add QuickXorHash support for OneDrive for business

         • Fix socket leak in multipart session upload

       • S3

         • Look in S3 named profile files for credentials

         • Add --s3-disable-checksum to disable checksum uploading (Chris Redekop)

         • Hierarchical configuration support (Giri Badanahatti)

         • Add in config for all the supported S3 providers

         • Add One Zone Infrequent Access storage class (Craig Rachel)

         • Add –use-server-modtime support (Peter Baumgartner)

         • Add –s3-chunk-size option to control multipart uploads

         • Ignore zero length directory markers

       • SFTP

         • Update docs to match code, fix typos and clarify disable_hashcheck prompt (Michael  G.
           Noll)

         • Update docs with Synology quirks

         • Fail soft with a debug on hash failure

       • Swift

         • Add –use-server-modtime support (Peter Baumgartner)

       • Webdav

         • Support SharePoint cookie authentication (hensur)

         • Strip leading and trailing / off root

   v1.40 - 2018-03-19
       • New backends

         • Alias backend to create aliases for existing remote names (Fabian Möller)

       • New commands

         • lsf: list for parsing purposes (Jakub Tasiemski)

           • by default this is a simple non recursive list of files and directories

           • it can be configured to add more info in an easy to parse way

         • serve restic: for serving a remote as a Restic REST endpoint

           • This enables restic to use any backends that rclone can access

           • Thanks Alexander Neumann for help, patches and review

         • rc: enable the remote control of a running rclone

           • The running rclone must be started with –rc and related flags.

           • Currently there is support for bwlimit, and flushing for mount and cache.

       • New Features

         • --max-delete flag to add a delete threshold (Bjørn Erik Pedersen)

         • All backends now support RangeOption for ranged Open

           • cat: Use RangeOption for limited fetches to make more efficient

           • cryptcheck: make reading of nonce more efficient with RangeOption

         • serve http/webdav/restic

           • support SSL/TLS

           • add --user --pass and --htpasswd for authentication

         • copy/move: detect file size change during copy/move and abort transfer (ishuah)

         • cryptdecode: added option to return encrypted file names.  (ishuah)

         • lsjson: add --encrypted to show encrypted name (Jakub Tasiemski)

         • Add  --stats-file-name-length  to specify the printed file name length for stats (Will
           Gunn)

       • Compile

         • Code base was shuffled and factored

           • backends moved into a backend directory

           • large packages split up

           • See the CONTRIBUTING.md doc for info as to what lives where now

         • Update to using go1.10 as the default go version

         • Implement daily full integration tests (https://pub.rclone.org/integration-tests/)

       • Release

         • Include a source tarball and sign it and the binaries

         • Sign the git tags as part of the release process

         • Add .deb and .rpm packages as part of the build

         • Make a beta release for all branches on the main repo (but not pull requests)

       • Bug Fixes

         • config: fixes errors on non existing config by  loading  config  file  only  on  first
           access

         • config: retry saving the config after failure (Mateusz)

         • sync: when using --backup-dir don’t delete files if we can’t set their modtime

           • this fixes odd behaviour with Dropbox and --backup-dir

         • fshttp: fix idle timeouts for HTTP connections

         • serve http: fix serving files with : in - fixes

         • Fix  --exclude-if-present  to  ignore directories which it doesn’t have permission for
           (Iakov Davydov)

         • Make accounting work properly with crypt and b2

         • remove --no-traverse flag because it is obsolete

       • Mount

         • Add --attr-timeout flag to control attribute caching in kernel

           • this now defaults to 0 which is correct but less efficient

           • see the mount docs (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/#attribute-caching) for
             more info

         • Add --daemon flag to allow mount to run in the background (ishuah)

         • Fix: Return ENOSYS rather than EIO on attempted link

           • This fixes FileZilla accessing an rclone mount served over sftp.

         • Fix setting modtime twice

         • Mount tests now run on CI for Linux (mount & cmount)/Mac/Windows

         • Many bugs fixed in the VFS layer - see below

       • VFS

         • Many fixes for --vfs-cache-mode writes and above

           • Update cached copy if we know it has changed (fixes stale data)

           • Clean path names before using them in the cache

           • Disable cache cleaner if --vfs-cache-poll-interval=0

           • Fill and clean the cache immediately on startup

         • Fix Windows opening every file when it stats the file

         • Fix applying modtime for an open Write Handle

         • Fix creation of files when truncating

         • Write 0 bytes when flushing unwritten handles to avoid race conditions in FUSE

         • Downgrade “poll-interval is not supported” message to Info

         • Make OpenFile and friends return EINVAL if O_RDONLY and O_TRUNC

       • Local

         • Downgrade “invalid cross-device link: trying copy” to debug

         • Make DirMove return fs.ErrorCantDirMove to allow fallback to Copy for cross device

         • Fix race conditions updating the hashes

       • Cache

         • Add support for polling - cache will update when remote changes on supported backends

         • Reduce log level for Plex api

         • Fix dir cache issue

         • Implement --cache-db-wait-time flag

         • Improve efficiency with RangeOption and RangeSeek

         • Fix dirmove with temp fs enabled

         • Notify vfs when using temp fs

         • Offline uploading

         • Remote control support for path flushing

       • Amazon cloud drive

         • Rclone no longer has any working keys - disable integration tests

         • Implement DirChangeNotify to notify cache/vfs/mount of changes

       • Azureblob

         • Don’t check for bucket/container presence if listing was OK

           • this makes rclone do one less request per invocation

         • Improve accounting for chunked uploads

       • Backblaze B2

         • Don’t check for bucket/container presence if listing was OK

           • this makes rclone do one less request per invocation

       • Box

         • Improve accounting for chunked uploads

       • Dropbox

         • Fix custom oauth client parameters

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Don’t check for bucket/container presence if listing was OK

           • this makes rclone do one less request per invocation

       • Google Drive

         • Migrate to api v3 (Fabian Möller)

         • Add scope configuration and root folder selection

         • Add --drive-impersonate for service accounts

           • thanks to everyone who tested, explored and contributed docs

         • Add --drive-use-created-date to use created date as modified date (nbuchanan)

         • Request the export formats only when required

           • This makes rclone quicker when there are no google docs

         • Fix finding paths with latin1 chars (a workaround for a drive bug)

         • Fix copying of a single Google doc file

         • Fix --drive-auth-owner-only to look in all directories

       • HTTP

         • Fix handling of directories with & in

       • Onedrive

         • Removed upload cutoff and always do session uploads

           • this stops the creation of multiple versions on business onedrive

         • Overwrite object size value with real size when reading file.  (Victor)

           • this fixes oddities when onedrive misreports the size of images

       • Pcloud

         • Remove unused chunked upload flag and code

       • Qingstor

         • Don’t check for bucket/container presence if listing was OK

           • this makes rclone do one less request per invocation

       • S3

         • Support hashes for multipart files (Chris Redekop)

         • Initial support for IBM COS (S3) (Giri Badanahatti)

         • Update docs to discourage use of v2 auth with CEPH and others

         • Don’t check for bucket/container presence if listing was OK

           • this makes rclone do one less request per invocation

         • Fix server side copy and set modtime on files with + in

       • SFTP

         • Add option to disable remote hash check command execution (Jon Fautley)

         • Add --sftp-ask-password flag to prompt for password when needed (Leo R.  Lundgren)

         • Add set_modtime configuration option

         • Fix following of symlinks

         • Fix reading config file outside of Fs setup

         • Fix reading $USER in username fallback not $HOME

         • Fix running under crontab - Use correct OS way of reading username

       • Swift

         • Fix refresh of authentication token

           • in v1.39 a bug was introduced which ignored new tokens - this fixes it

         • Fix extra HEAD transaction when uploading a new file

         • Don’t check for bucket/container presence if listing was OK

           • this makes rclone do one less request per invocation

       • Webdav

         • Add new time formats to support mydrive.ch and others

   v1.39 - 2017-12-23
       • New backends

         • WebDAV

           • tested with nextcloud, owncloud, put.io and others!

         • Pcloud

         • cache - wraps a cache around other backends (Remus Bunduc)

           • useful in combination with mount

           • NB this feature is in beta so use with care

       • New commands

         • serve command with subcommands:

           • serve webdav: this implements a webdav server for any rclone remote.

           • serve http: command to serve a remote over HTTP

         • config: add sub commands for full config file management

           • create/delete/dump/edit/file/password/providers/show/update

         • touch: to create or update the timestamp of a file (Jakub Tasiemski)

       • New Features

         • curl install for rclone (Filip Bartodziej)

         • –stats now shows percentage, size, rate and ETA in condensed form (Ishuah Kariuki)

         • –exclude-if-present to exclude a directory if a file is present (Iakov Davydov)

         • rmdirs: add –leave-root flag (lewapm)

         • move: add –delete-empty-src-dirs flag to remove dirs after move (Ishuah Kariuki)

         • Add  –dump  flag,  introduce  –dump  requests, responses and remove –dump-auth, –dump-
           filters

           • Obscure X-Auth-Token: from headers when dumping too

         • Document and implement exit codes for different failure modes (Ishuah Kariuki)

       • Compile

       • Bug Fixes

         • Retry lots more different types of errors to make multipart transfers more reliable

         • Save the config before asking for a token, fixes disappearing oauth config

         • Warn the user if –include and –exclude are used together (Ernest Borowski)

         • Fix duplicate files (eg on Google drive) causing spurious copies

         • Allow trailing and leading whitespace for passwords (Jason Rose)

         • ncdu: fix crashes on empty directories

         • rcat: fix goroutine leak

         • moveto/copyto: Fix to allow copying to the same name

       • Mount

         • –vfs-cache mode to make writes into mounts more reliable.

           • this requires caching files on the disk (see –cache-dir)

           • As this is a new feature, use with care

         • Use sdnotify to signal systemd the mount is ready (Fabian Möller)

         • Check if directory is not empty before mounting (Ernest Borowski)

       • Local

         • Add error message for cross file system moves

         • Fix equality check for times

       • Dropbox

         • Rework multipart upload

           • buffer the chunks when uploading large files so they can be retried

           • change default chunk size to 48MB now we are buffering them in memory

           • retry every error after the first chunk is done successfully

         • Fix error when renaming directories

       • Swift

         • Fix crash on bad authentication

       • Google Drive

         • Add service account support (Tim Cooijmans)

       • S3

         • Make it work properly with Digital Ocean Spaces (Andrew Starr-Bochicchio)

         • Fix crash if a bad listing is received

         • Add support for ECS task IAM roles (David Minor)

       • Backblaze B2

         • Fix multipart upload retries

         • Fix –hard-delete to make it work 100% of the time

       • Swift

         • Allow authentication with storage URL and auth key (Giovanni Pizzi)

         • Add new fields for swift configuration to support IBM Bluemix Swift (Pierre Carlson)

         • Add OS_TENANT_ID and OS_USER_ID to config

         • Allow configs with user id instead of user name

         • Check if swift segments container exists before creating (John Leach)

         • Fix memory leak in swift transfers (upstream fix)

       • SFTP

         • Add option to enable the use of aes128-cbc cipher (Jon Fautley)

       • Amazon cloud drive

         • Fix download of large files failing with “Only one auth mechanism allowed”

       • crypt

         • Option to encrypt directory names or leave them intact

         • Implement DirChangeNotify (Fabian Möller)

       • onedrive

         • Add option to choose resourceURL during setup of OneDrive  Business  account  if  more
           than one is available for user

   v1.38 - 2017-09-30
       • New backends

         • Azure Blob Storage (thanks Andrei Dragomir)

         • Box

         • Onedrive for Business (thanks Oliver Heyme)

         • QingStor from QingCloud (thanks wuyu)

       • New commands

         • rcat - read from standard input and stream upload

         • tree - shows a nicely formatted recursive listing

         • cryptdecode - decode crypted file names (thanks ishuah)

         • config show - print the config file

         • config file - print the config file location

       • New Features

         • Empty directories are deleted on sync

         • dedupe - implement merging of duplicate directories

         • check and cryptcheck made more consistent and use less memory

         • cleanup for remaining remotes (thanks ishuah)

         • --immutable for ensuring that files don’t change (thanks Jacob McNamee)

         • --user-agent option (thanks Alex McGrath Kraak)

         • --disable flag to disable optional features

         • --bind flag for choosing the local addr on outgoing connections

         • Support for zsh auto-completion (thanks bpicode)

         • Stop normalizing file names but do a normalized compare in sync

       • Compile

         • Update to using go1.9 as the default go version

         • Remove snapd build due to maintenance problems

       • Bug Fixes

         • Improve retriable error detection which makes multipart uploads better

         • Make check obey --ignore-size

         • Fix bwlimit toggle in conjunction with schedules (thanks cbruegg)

         • config ensures newly written config is on the same mount

       • Local

         • Revert to copy when moving file across file system boundaries

         • --skip-links to suppress symlink warnings (thanks Zhiming Wang)

       • Mount

         • Re-use rcat internals to support uploads from all remotes

       • Dropbox

         • Fix “entry doesn’t belong in directory” error

         • Stop using deprecated API methods

       • Swift

         • Fix server side copy to empty container with --fast-list

       • Google Drive

         • Change the default for --drive-use-trash to true

       • S3

         • Set session token when using STS (thanks Girish Ramakrishnan)

         • Glacier docs and error messages (thanks Jan Varho)

         • Read 1000 (not 1024) items in dir listings to fix Wasabi

       • Backblaze B2

         • Fix SHA1 mismatch when downloading files with no SHA1

         • Calculate missing hashes on the fly instead of spooling

         • --b2-hard-delete to permanently delete (not hide) files (thanks John Papandriopoulos)

       • Hubic

         • Fix creating containers - no longer have to use the default container

       • Swift

         • Optionally configure from a standard set of OpenStack environment vars

         • Add endpoint_type config

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Fix bucket creation to work with limited permission users

       • SFTP

         • Implement connection pooling for multiple ssh connections

         • Limit new connections per second

         • Add support for MD5 and SHA1 hashes where available (thanks Christian Brüggemann)

       • HTTP

         • Fix URL encoding issues

         • Fix directories with : in

         • Fix panic with URL encoded content

   v1.37 - 2017-07-22
       • New backends

         • FTP - thanks to Antonio Messina

         • HTTP - thanks to Vasiliy Tolstov

       • New commands

         • rclone ncdu - for exploring a remote with a text based user interface.

         • rclone lsjson - for listing with a machine readable output

         • rclone dbhashsum - to show Dropbox style hashes of files (local or Dropbox)

       • New Features

         • Implement –fast-list flag

           • This allows remotes to list recursively if they can

           • This uses less transactions (important if you pay for them)

           • This may or may not be quicker

           • This will use more memory as it has to hold the listing in memory

           • –old-sync-method deprecated - the remaining uses are covered by –fast-list

           • This involved a major re-write of all the listing code

         • Add –tpslimit and –tpslimit-burst to limit transactions per second

           • this is useful in conjunction with rclone mount to limit external apps

         • Add –stats-log-level so can see –stats without -v

         • Print password prompts to stderr - Hraban Luyat

         • Warn about duplicate files when syncing

         • Oauth improvements

           • allow auth_url and token_url to be set in the config file

           • Print redirection URI if using own credentials.

         • Don’t Mkdir at the start of sync to save transactions

       • Compile

         • Update build to go1.8.3

         • Require go1.6 for building rclone

         • Compile 386 builds with “GO386=387” for maximum compatibility

       • Bug Fixes

         • Fix menu selection when no remotes

         • Config saving reworked to not kill the file if disk gets full

         • Don’t delete remote if name does not change while renaming

         • moveto, copyto: report transfers and checks as per move and copy

       • Local

         • Add –local-no-unicode-normalization flag - Bob Potter

       • Mount

         • Now  supported  on Windows using cgofuse and WinFsp - thanks to Bill Zissimopoulos for
           much help

         • Compare checksums on upload/download via FUSE

         • Unmount when program ends with SIGINT (Ctrl+C) or SIGTERM - Jérôme Vizcaino

         • On read only open of file, make open pending until first read

         • Make –read-only reject modify operations

         • Implement ModTime via FUSE for remotes that support it

         • Allow modTime to be changed even before all writers are closed

         • Fix panic on renames

         • Fix hang on errored upload

       • Crypt

         • Report the name:root as specified by the user

         • Add an “obfuscate” option for filename encryption - Stephen Harris

       • Amazon Drive

         • Fix initialization order for token renewer

         • Remove revoked credentials, allow oauth proxy config and update docs

       • B2

         • Reduce minimum chunk size to 5MB

       • Drive

         • Add team drive support

         • Reduce bandwidth by adding fields for partial responses - Martin Kristensen

         • Implement –drive-shared-with-me flag to view shared with me files - Danny Tsai

         • Add –drive-trashed-only to read only the files in the trash

         • Remove obsolete –drive-full-list

         • Add missing seek to start on retries of chunked uploads

         • Fix stats accounting for upload

         • Convert / in names to a unicode equivalent (/)

         • Poll for Google Drive changes when mounted

       • OneDrive

         • Fix the uploading of files with spaces

         • Fix initialization order for token renewer

         • Display speeds accurately when uploading - Yoni Jah

         • Swap to using http://localhost:53682/ as redirect URL - Michael Ledin

         • Retry on token expired error, reset upload body on retry - Yoni Jah

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Add ability to specify location and storage class via config and command line - thanks
           gdm85

         • Create container if necessary on server side copy

         • Increase directory listing chunk to 1000 to increase performance

         • Obtain a refresh token for GCS - Steven Lu

       • Yandex

         • Fix the name reported in log messages (was empty)

         • Correct error return for listing empty directory

       • Dropbox

         • Rewritten to use the v2 API

           • Now supports ModTime

             • Can only set by uploading the file again

             • If you uploaded with an old rclone, rclone may upload everything again

             • Use --size-only or --checksum to avoid this

           • Now supports the Dropbox content hashing scheme

           • Now supports low level retries

       • S3

         • Work around eventual consistency in bucket creation

         • Create container if necessary on server side copy

         • Add us-east-2 (Ohio) and eu-west-2 (London) S3 regions - Zahiar Ahmed

       • Swift, Hubic

         • Fix zero length directory markers showing in the subdirectory listing

           • this caused lots of duplicate transfers

         • Fix paged directory listings

           • this caused duplicate directory errors

         • Create container if necessary on server side copy

         • Increase directory listing chunk to 1000 to increase performance

         • Make sensible error if the user forgets the container

       • SFTP

         • Add support for using ssh key files

         • Fix under Windows

         • Fix ssh agent on Windows

         • Adapt to latest version of library - Igor Kharin

   v1.36 - 2017-03-18
       • New Features

         • SFTP remote (Jack Schmidt)

         • Re-implement sync routine to work a directory at a time reducing memory usage

         • Logging  revamped  to  be  more  inline  with rsync - now much quieter * -v only shows
           transfers * -vv is for full debug * –syslog to log to syslog on capable platforms

         • Implement –backup-dir and –suffix

         • Implement –track-renames (initial implementation by Bjørn Erik Pedersen)

         • Add time-based bandwidth limits (Lukas Loesche)

         • rclone cryptcheck: checks integrity of crypt remotes

         • Allow all config file variables and options to be set from environment variables

         • Add –buffer-size parameter to control buffer size for copy

         • Make –delete-after the default

         • Add –ignore-checksum flag (fixed by Hisham Zarka)

         • rclone check: Add –download flag to check all the data, not just hashes

         • rclone cat: add –head, –tail, –offset, –count and –discard

         • rclone config: when choosing from a list, allow the value to be entered too

         • rclone config: allow rename and copy of remotes

         • rclone  obscure:  for  generating  encrypted  passwords  for  rclone’s  config   (T.C.
           Ferguson)

         • Comply with XDG Base Directory specification (Dario Giovannetti)

           • this moves the default location of the config file in a backwards compatible way

         • Release changes

           • Ubuntu snap support (Dedsec1)

           • Compile with go 1.8

           • MIPS/Linux big and little endian support

       • Bug Fixes

         • Fix copyto copying things to the wrong place if the destination dir didn’t exist

         • Fix parsing of remotes in moveto and copyto

         • Fix –delete-before deleting files on copy

         • Fix –files-from with an empty file copying everything

         • Fix sync: don’t update mod times if –dry-run set

         • Fix MimeType propagation

         • Fix filters to add ** rules to directory rules

       • Local

         • Implement -L, –copy-links flag to allow rclone to follow symlinks

         • Open files in write only mode so rclone can write to an rclone mount

         • Fix unnormalised unicode causing problems reading directories

         • Fix interaction between -x flag and –max-depth

       • Mount

         • Implement proper directory handling (mkdir, rmdir, renaming)

         • Make include and exclude filters apply to mount

         • Implement read and write async buffers - control with –buffer-size

         • Fix fsync on for directories

         • Fix retry on network failure when reading off crypt

       • Crypt

         • Add –crypt-show-mapping to show encrypted file mapping

         • Fix crypt writer getting stuck in a loop

           • IMPORTANT this bug had the potential to cause data corruption when

             • reading data from a network based remote and

             • writing to a crypt on Google Drive

           • Use the cryptcheck command to validate your data if you are concerned

           • If syncing two crypt remotes, sync the unencrypted remote

       • Amazon Drive

         • Fix panics on Move (rename)

         • Fix panic on token expiry

       • B2

         • Fix inconsistent listings and rclone check

         • Fix uploading empty files with go1.8

         • Constrain memory usage when doing multipart uploads

         • Fix upload url not being refreshed properly

       • Drive

         • Fix Rmdir on directories with trashed files

         • Fix “Ignoring unknown object” when downloading

         • Add –drive-list-chunk

         • Add –drive-skip-gdocs (Károly Oláh)

       • OneDrive

         • Implement Move

         • Fix Copy

           • Fix overwrite detection in Copy

           • Fix waitForJob to parse errors correctly

         • Use token renewer to stop auth errors on long uploads

         • Fix uploading empty files with go1.8

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Fix depth 1 directory listings

       • Yandex

         • Fix single level directory listing

       • Dropbox

         • Normalise the case for single level directory listings

         • Fix depth 1 listing

       • S3

         • Added ca-central-1 region (Jon Yergatian)

   v1.35 - 2017-01-02
       • New Features

         • moveto and copyto commands for choosing a destination name on copy/move

         • rmdirs command to recursively delete empty directories

         • Allow repeated –include/–exclude/–filter options

         • Only show transfer stats on commands which transfer stuff

           • show stats on any command using the --stats flag

         • Allow overlapping directories in move when server side dir move is supported

         • Add –stats-unit option - thanks Scott McGillivray

       • Bug Fixes

         • Fix the config file being overwritten when two rclone instances are running

         • Make rclone lsd obey the filters properly

         • Fix compilation on mips

         • Fix not transferring files that don’t differ in size

         • Fix panic on nil retry/fatal error

       • Mount

         • Retry reads on error - should help with reliability a lot

         • Report the modification times for directories from the remote

         • Add bandwidth accounting and limiting (fixes –bwlimit)

         • If –stats provided will show stats and which files are transferring

         • Support R/W files if truncate is set.

         • Implement statfs interface so df works

         • Note that write is now supported on Amazon Drive

         • Report number of blocks in a file - thanks Stefan Breunig

       • Crypt

         • Prevent the user pointing crypt at itself

         • Fix failed to authenticate decrypted block errors

           • these will now return the underlying unexpected EOF instead

       • Amazon Drive

         • Add support for server side move and directory move - thanks Stefan Breunig

         • Fix nil pointer deref on size attribute

       • B2

         • Use new prefix and delimiter parameters in directory listings

           • This makes –max-depth 1 dir listings as used in mount much faster

         • Reauth the account while doing uploads too - should help with token expiry

       • Drive

         • Make DirMove more efficient and complain about moving the root

         • Create destination directory on Move()

   v1.34 - 2016-11-06
       • New Features

         • Stop single file and --files-from operations iterating through the source bucket.

         • Stop removing failed upload to cloud storage remotes

         • Make ContentType be preserved for cloud to cloud copies

         • Add support to toggle bandwidth limits via SIGUSR2 - thanks Marco Paganini

         • rclone check shows count of hashes that couldn’t be checked

         • rclone listremotes command

         • Support linux/arm64 build - thanks Fredrik Fornwall

         • Remove Authorization: lines from --dump-headers output

       • Bug Fixes

         • Ignore files with control characters in the names

         • Fix rclone move command

           • Delete src files which already existed in dst

           • Fix deletion of src file when dst file older

         • Fix rclone check on crypted file systems

         • Make failed uploads not count as “Transferred”

         • Make sure high level retries show with -q

         • Use a vendor directory with godep for repeatable builds

       • rclone mount - FUSE

         • Implement FUSE mount options

           • --no-modtime,  --debug-fuse,  --read-only, --allow-non-empty, --allow-root, --allow-
             other

           • --default-permissions, --write-back-cache, --max-read-ahead, --umask, --uid, --gid

         • Add --dir-cache-time to control caching of directory entries

         • Implement seek for files opened for read (useful for video players)

           • with -no-seek flag to disable

         • Fix crash on 32 bit ARM (alignment of 64 bit counter)

         • ...and many more internal fixes and improvements!

       • Crypt

         • Don’t show encrypted password in configurator to stop confusion

       • Amazon Drive

         • New wait for upload option --acd-upload-wait-per-gb

           • upload timeouts scale by file size and can be disabled

         • Add 502 Bad Gateway to list of errors we retry

         • Fix overwriting a file with a zero length file

         • Fix ACD file size warning limit - thanks Felix Bünemann

       • Local

         • Unix: implement -x/--one-file-system to stay on a single file system

           • thanks Durval Menezes and Luiz Carlos Rumbelsperger Viana

         • Windows: ignore the symlink bit on files

         • Windows: Ignore directory based junction points

       • B2

         • Make sure each upload has at least one upload slot - fixes strange upload stats

         • Fix uploads when using crypt

         • Fix download of large files (sha1 mismatch)

         • Return error when we try to create a bucket which someone else owns

         • Update B2 docs with Data usage, and Crypt section - thanks Tomasz Mazur

       • S3

         • Command line and config file support for

           • Setting/overriding ACL - thanks Radek Senfeld

           • Setting storage class - thanks Asko Tamm

       • Drive

         • Make exponential backoff work exactly as per Google specification

         • add .epub, .odp and .tsv as export formats.

       • Swift

         • Don’t read metadata for directory marker objects

   v1.33 - 2016-08-24
       • New Features

         • Implement encryption

           • data encrypted in NACL secretbox format

           • with optional file name encryption

         • New commands

           • rclone mount - implements FUSE mounting of remotes (EXPERIMENTAL)

             • works on Linux, FreeBSD and OS X (need testers for the last 2!)

           • rclone cat - outputs remote file or files to the terminal

           • rclone genautocomplete - command to make a bash completion script for rclone

         • Editing a remote using rclone config now goes through the wizard

         • Compile with go 1.7 - this fixes rclone on macOS Sierra and on 386 processors

         • Use cobra for sub commands and docs generation

       • drive

         • Document how to make your own client_id

       • s3

         • User-configurable Amazon S3 ACL (thanks Radek Šenfeld)

       • b2

         • Fix stats accounting for upload - no more jumping to 100% done

         • On cleanup delete hide marker if it is the current file

         • New B2 API endpoint (thanks Per Cederberg)

         • Set maximum backoff to 5 Minutes

       • onedrive

         • Fix URL escaping in file names - eg uploading files with + in them.

       • amazon cloud drive

         • Fix token expiry during large uploads

         • Work around 408 REQUEST_TIMEOUT and 504 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT errors

       • local

         • Fix filenames with invalid UTF-8 not being uploaded

         • Fix problem with some UTF-8 characters on OS X

   v1.32 - 2016-07-13
       • Backblaze B2

         • Fix upload of files large files not in root

   v1.31 - 2016-07-13
       • New Features

         • Reduce memory on sync by about 50%

         • Implement –no-traverse flag to stop copy traversing the destination remote.

           • This can be used to reduce memory usage down to the smallest possible.

           • Useful to copy a small number of files into a large destination folder.

         • Implement cleanup command for emptying trash / removing old versions of files

           • Currently B2 only

         • Single file handling improved

           • Now copied with –files-from

           • Automatically sets –no-traverse when copying a single file

         • Info on using installing with ansible - thanks Stefan Weichinger

         • Implement –no-update-modtime flag to stop rclone fixing the remote modified times.

       • Bug Fixes

         • Fix move command - stop it running for overlapping Fses - this was causing data loss.

       • Local

         • Fix incomplete hashes - this was causing problems for B2.

       • Amazon Drive

         • Rename Amazon Cloud Drive to Amazon Drive - no changes to config file needed.

       • Swift

         • Add support for non-default project domain - thanks Antonio Messina.

       • S3

         • Add instructions on how to use rclone with minio.

         • Add ap-northeast-2 (Seoul) and ap-south-1 (Mumbai) regions.

         • Skip setting the modified time for objects > 5GB as it isn’t possible.

       • Backblaze B2

         • Add –b2-versions flag so old versions can be listed and retrieved.

         • Treat 403 errors (eg cap exceeded) as fatal.

         • Implement cleanup command for deleting old file versions.

         • Make error handling compliant with B2 integrations notes.

         • Fix handling of token expiry.

         • Implement –b2-test-mode to set X-Bz-Test-Mode header.

         • Set cutoff for chunked upload to 200MB as per B2 guidelines.

         • Make upload multi-threaded.

       • Dropbox

         • Don’t retry 461 errors.

   v1.30 - 2016-06-18
       • New Features

         • Directory listing code reworked for more features and better error  reporting  (thanks
           to Klaus Post for help).  This enables

           • Directory include filtering for efficiency

           • –max-depth parameter

           • Better error reporting

           • More to come

         • Retry more errors

         • Add –ignore-size flag - for uploading images to onedrive

         • Log -v output to stdout by default

         • Display the transfer stats in more human readable form

         • Make 0 size files specifiable with --max-size 0b

         • Add b suffix so we can specify bytes in –bwlimit, –min-size etc

         • Use “password:” instead of “password>” prompt - thanks Klaus Post and Leigh Klotz

       • Bug Fixes

         • Fix retry doing one too many retries

       • Local

         • Fix problems with OS X and UTF-8 characters

       • Amazon Drive

         • Check a file exists before uploading to help with 408 Conflict errors

         • Reauth on 401 errors - this has been causing a lot of problems

         • Work around spurious 403 errors

         • Restart directory listings on error

       • Google Drive

         • Check a file exists before uploading to help with duplicates

         • Fix retry of multipart uploads

       • Backblaze B2

         • Implement large file uploading

       • S3

         • Add AES256 server-side encryption for - thanks Justin R.  Wilson

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Make sure we don’t use conflicting content types on upload

         • Add service account support - thanks Michal Witkowski

       • Swift

         • Add auth version parameter

         • Add domain option for openstack (v3 auth) - thanks Fabian Ruff

   v1.29 - 2016-04-18
       • New Features

         • Implement -I, --ignore-times for unconditional upload

         • Improve dedupecommand

           • Now removes identical copies without asking

           • Now obeys --dry-run

           • Implement --dedupe-mode for non interactive running

             • --dedupe-mode interactive - interactive the default.

             • --dedupe-mode skip - removes identical files then skips anything left.

             • --dedupe-mode first - removes identical files then keeps the first one.

             • --dedupe-mode newest - removes identical files then keeps the newest one.

             • --dedupe-mode oldest - removes identical files then keeps the oldest one.

             • --dedupe-mode  rename  -  removes  identical  files  then  renames  the rest to be
               different.

       • Bug fixes

         • Make rclone check obey the --size-only flag.

         • Use “application/octet-stream” if discovered mime type is invalid.

         • Fix missing “quit” option when there are no remotes.

       • Google Drive

         • Increase default chunk size to 8 MB - increases upload speed of big files

         • Speed up directory listings and make more reliable

         • Add missing retries for Move and DirMove - increases reliability

         • Preserve mime type on file update

       • Backblaze B2

         • Enable mod time syncing

           • This means that B2 will now check modification times

           • It will upload new files to update the modification times

           • (there isn’t an API to just set the mod time.)

           • If you want the old behaviour use --size-only.

         • Update API to new version

         • Fix parsing of mod time when not in metadata

       • Swift/Hubic

         • Don’t return an MD5SUM for static large objects

       • S3

         • Fix uploading files bigger than 50GB

   v1.28 - 2016-03-01
       • New Features

         • Configuration file encryption - thanks Klaus Post

         • Improve rclone config adding more help and making it easier to understand

         • Implement -u/--update so creation times can be used on all remotes

         • Implement --low-level-retries flag

         • Optionally disable gzip compression on downloads with --no-gzip-encoding

       • Bug fixes

         • Don’t make directories if --dry-run set

         • Fix and document the move command

         • Fix redirecting stderr on unix-like OSes when using --log-file

         • Fix delete command to wait until all finished - fixes missing deletes.

       • Backblaze B2

         • Use one upload URL per go routine fixes more than one upload using auth token

         • Add pacing, retries and reauthentication - fixes token expiry problems

         • Upload without using a temporary file from local (and remotes which support SHA1)

         • Fix reading metadata for all files when it shouldn’t have been

       • Drive

         • Fix listing drive documents at root

         • Disable copy and move for Google docs

       • Swift

         • Fix uploading of chunked files with non ASCII characters

         • Allow setting of storage_url in the config - thanks Xavier Lucas

       • S3

         • Allow IAM role and credentials from environment variables - thanks Brian Stengaard

         • Allow low privilege users to use S3 (check if directory exists during Mkdir) -  thanks
           Jakub Gedeon

       • Amazon Drive

         • Retry on more things to make directory listings more reliable

   v1.27 - 2016-01-31
       • New Features

         • Easier headless configuration with rclone authorize

         • Add support for multiple hash types - we now check SHA1 as well as MD5 hashes.

         • delete command which does obey the filters (unlike purge)

         • dedupe command to deduplicate a remote.  Useful with Google Drive.

         • Add --ignore-existing flag to skip all files that exist on destination.

         • Add --delete-before, --delete-during, --delete-after flags.

         • Add --memprofile flag to debug memory use.

         • Warn the user about files with same name but different case

         • Make --include rules add their implicit exclude * at the end of the filter list

         • Deprecate compiling with go1.3

       • Amazon Drive

         • Fix download of files > 10 GB

         • Fix directory traversal (“Next token is expired”) for large directory listings

         • Remove 409 conflict from error codes we will retry - stops very long pauses

       • Backblaze B2

         • SHA1 hashes now checked by rclone core

       • Drive

         • Add  --drive-auth-owner-only  to  only consider files owned by the user - thanks Björn
           Harrtell

         • Export Google documents

       • Dropbox

         • Make file exclusion error controllable with -q

       • Swift

         • Fix upload from unprivileged user.

       • S3

         • Fix updating of mod times of files with + in.

       • Local

         • Add local file system option to disable UNC on Windows.

   v1.26 - 2016-01-02
       • New Features

         • Yandex storage backend - thank you Dmitry Burdeev (“dibu”)

         • Implement Backblaze B2 storage backend

         • Add –min-age and –max-age flags - thank you Adriano Aurélio Meirelles

         • Make ls/lsl/md5sum/size/check obey includes and excludes

       • Fixes

         • Fix crash in http logging

         • Upload releases to github too

       • Swift

         • Fix sync for chunked files

       • OneDrive

         • Re-enable server side copy

         • Don’t mask HTTP error codes with JSON decode error

       • S3

         • Fix corrupting Content-Type on mod time update (thanks Joseph Spurrier)

   v1.25 - 2015-11-14
       • New features

         • Implement Hubic storage system

       • Fixes

         • Fix deletion of some excluded files without –delete-excluded

           • This could have deleted files unexpectedly on sync

           • Always check first with --dry-run!

       • Swift

         • Stop SetModTime losing metadata (eg X-Object-Manifest)

           • This could have caused data loss for files > 5GB in size

         • Use ContentType from Object to avoid lookups in listings

       • OneDrive

         • disable server side copy as it seems to be broken at Microsoft

   v1.24 - 2015-11-07
       • New features

         • Add support for Microsoft OneDrive

         • Add --no-check-certificate option to disable server certificate verification

         • Add async readahead buffer for faster transfer of big files

       • Fixes

         • Allow spaces in remotes and check remote names for validity at creation time

         • Allow `&' and disallow `:' in Windows filenames.

       • Swift

         • Ignore directory marker objects where appropriate - allows working with Hubic

         • Don’t delete the container if fs wasn’t at root

       • S3

         • Don’t delete the bucket if fs wasn’t at root

       • Google Cloud Storage

         • Don’t delete the bucket if fs wasn’t at root

   v1.23 - 2015-10-03
       • New features

         • Implement rclone size for measuring remotes

       • Fixes

         • Fix headless config for drive and gcs

         • Tell the user they should try again if the webserver method failed

         • Improve output of --dump-headers

       • S3

         • Allow anonymous access to public buckets

       • Swift

         • Stop chunked operations logging “Failed to read info: Object Not Found”

         • Use Content-Length on uploads for extra reliability

   v1.22 - 2015-09-28
       • Implement rsync like include and exclude flags

       • swift

         • Support files > 5GB - thanks Sergey Tolmachev

   v1.21 - 2015-09-22
       • New features

         • Display individual transfer progress

         • Make lsl output times in localtime

       • Fixes

         • Fix allowing user to override credentials again in Drive, GCS and ACD

       • Amazon Drive

         • Implement compliant pacing scheme

       • Google Drive

         • Make directory reads concurrent for increased speed.

   v1.20 - 2015-09-15
       • New features

         • Amazon Drive support

         • Oauth support redone - fix many bugs and improve usability

           • Use “golang.org/x/oauth2” as oauth library of choice

           • Improve oauth usability for smoother initial signup

           • drive, googlecloudstorage: optionally use auto config for the oauth token

         • Implement –dump-headers and –dump-bodies debug flags

         • Show multiple matched commands if abbreviation too short

         • Implement server side move where possible

       • local

         • Always use UNC paths internally on Windows - fixes a lot of bugs

       • dropbox

         • force use of our custom transport which makes timeouts work

       • Thanks to Klaus Post for lots of help with this release

   v1.19 - 2015-08-28
       • New features

         • Server side copies for s3/swift/drive/dropbox/gcs

         • Move command - uses server side copies if it can

         • Implement –retries flag - tries 3 times by default

         • Build for plan9/amd64 and solaris/amd64 too

       • Fixes

         • Make a current version download with a fixed URL for scripting

         • Ignore rmdir in limited fs rather than throwing error

       • dropbox

         • Increase chunk size to improve upload speeds massively

         • Issue an error message when trying to upload bad file name

   v1.18 - 2015-08-17
       • drive

         • Add --drive-use-trash flag so rclone trashes instead of deletes

         • Add “Forbidden to download” message for files with no downloadURL

       • dropbox

         • Remove datastore

           • This was deprecated and it caused a lot of problems

           • Modification times and MD5SUMs no longer stored

         • Fix uploading files > 2GB

       • s3

         • use official AWS SDK from github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go

         • NB will most likely require you to delete and recreate remote

         • enable multipart upload which enables files > 5GB

         • tested with Ceph / RadosGW / S3 emulation

         • many thanks to Sam Liston and Brian Haymore at the Utah Center  for  High  Performance
           Computing (https://www.chpc.utah.edu/) for a Ceph test account

       • misc

         • Show errors when reading the config file

         • Do not print stats in quiet mode - thanks Leonid Shalupov

         • Add FAQ

         • Fix created directories not obeying umask

         • Linux installation instructions - thanks Shimon Doodkin

   v1.17 - 2015-06-14
       • dropbox: fix case insensitivity issues - thanks Leonid Shalupov

   v1.16 - 2015-06-09
       • Fix uploading big files which was causing timeouts or panics

       • Don’t check md5sum after download with –size-only

   v1.15 - 2015-06-06
       • Add –checksum flag to only discard transfers by MD5SUM - thanks Alex Couper

       • Implement –size-only flag to sync on size not checksum & modtime

       • Expand docs and remove duplicated information

       • Document rclone’s limitations with directories

       • dropbox: update docs about case insensitivity

   v1.14 - 2015-05-21
       • local: fix encoding of non utf-8 file names - fixes a duplicate file problem

       • drive: docs about rate limiting

       • google cloud storage: Fix compile after API change in “google.golang.org/api/storage/v1”

   v1.13 - 2015-05-10
       • Revise documentation (especially sync)

       • Implement –timeout and –conntimeout

       • s3: ignore etags from multipart uploads which aren’t md5sums

   v1.12 - 2015-03-15
       • drive: Use chunked upload for files above a certain size

       • drive: add –drive-chunk-size and –drive-upload-cutoff parameters

       • drive: switch to insert from update when a failed copy deletes the upload

       • core: Log duplicate files if they are detected

   v1.11 - 2015-03-04
       • swift: add region parameter

       • drive: fix crash on failed to update remote mtime

       • In remote paths, change native directory separators to /

       • Add synchronization to ls/lsl/lsd output to stop corruptions

       • Ensure all stats/log messages to go stderr

       • Add –log-file flag to log everything (including panics) to file

       • Make it possible to disable stats printing with –stats=0

       • Implement –bwlimit to limit data transfer bandwidth

   v1.10 - 2015-02-12
       • s3: list an unlimited number of items

       • Fix getting stuck in the configurator

   v1.09 - 2015-02-07
       • windows: Stop drive letters (eg C:) getting mixed up with remotes (eg drive:)

       • local: Fix directory separators on Windows

       • drive: fix rate limit exceeded errors

   v1.08 - 2015-02-04
       • drive: fix subdirectory listing to not list entire drive

       • drive: Fix SetModTime

       • dropbox: adapt code to recent library changes

   v1.07 - 2014-12-23
       • google cloud storage: fix memory leak

   v1.06 - 2014-12-12
       • Fix “Couldn’t find home directory” on OSX

       • swift: Add tenant parameter

       • Use new location of Google API packages

   v1.05 - 2014-08-09
       • Improved tests and consequently lots of minor fixes

       • core: Fix race detected by go race detector

       • core: Fixes after running errcheck

       • drive: reset root directory on Rmdir and Purge

       • fs: Document that Purger returns error on empty directory, test and fix

       • google cloud storage: fix ListDir on subdirectory

       • google cloud storage: re-read metadata in SetModTime

       • s3: make reading metadata more reliable to work around eventual consistency problems

       • s3: strip trailing / from ListDir()

       • swift: return directories without / in ListDir

   v1.04 - 2014-07-21
       • google cloud storage: Fix crash on Update

   v1.03 - 2014-07-20
       • swift, s3, dropbox: fix updated files being marked as corrupted

       • Make compile with go 1.1 again

   v1.02 - 2014-07-19
       • Implement Dropbox remote

       • Implement Google Cloud Storage remote

       • Verify Md5sums and Sizes after copies

       • Remove times from “ls” command - lists sizes only

       • Add add “lsl” - lists times and sizes

       • Add “md5sum” command

   v1.01 - 2014-07-04
       • drive: fix transfer of big files using up lots of memory

   v1.00 - 2014-07-03
       • drive: fix whole second dates

   v0.99 - 2014-06-26
       • Fix –dry-run not working

       • Make compatible with go 1.1

   v0.98 - 2014-05-30
       • s3: Treat missing Content-Length as 0 for some ceph installations

       • rclonetest: add file with a space in

   v0.97 - 2014-05-05
       • Implement copying of single files

       • s3 & swift: support paths inside containers/buckets

   v0.96 - 2014-04-24
       • drive: Fix multiple files of same name being created

       • drive: Use o.Update and fs.Put to optimise transfers

       • Add version number, -V and –version

   v0.95 - 2014-03-28
       • rclone.org: website, docs and graphics

       • drive: fix path parsing

   v0.94 - 2014-03-27
       • Change remote format one last time

       • GNU style flags

   v0.93 - 2014-03-16
       • drive: store token in config file

       • cross compile other versions

       • set strict permissions on config file

   v0.92 - 2014-03-15
       • Config fixes and –config option

   v0.91 - 2014-03-15
       • Make config file

   v0.90 - 2013-06-27
       • Project named rclone

   v0.00 - 2012-11-18
       • Project started

Bugs and Limitations

   Limitations
   Directory timestamps aren’t preserved
       Rclone  doesn’t  currently preserve the timestamps of directories.  This is because rclone
       only really considers objects when syncing.

   Rclone struggles with millions of files in a directory/bucket
       Currently rclone loads each directory/bucket entirely into memory before using it.   Since
       each  rclone object takes 0.5k-1k of memory this can take a very long time and use a large
       amount of memory.

       Millions of files in a directory tends to occur on bucket-based remotes (e.g. S3  buckets)
       since those remotes do not segregate subdirectories within the bucket.

   Bucket based remotes and folders
       Bucket  based remotes (e.g. S3/GCS/Swift/B2) do not have a concept of directories.  Rclone
       therefore cannot create directories in them which means that empty directories on a bucket
       based remote will tend to disappear.

       Some software creates empty keys ending in / as directory markers.  Rclone doesn’t do this
       as it potentially creates more objects and costs more.  This ability may be added  in  the
       future (probably via a flag/option).

   Bugs
       Bugs are stored in rclone’s GitHub project:

       • Reported                                                                            bugs
         (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Abug)

       • Known                                                                             issues
         (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+milestone%3A%22Known+Problem%22)

   Frequently Asked Questions
   Do all cloud storage systems support all rclone commands
       Yes they do.  All the rclone commands (eg sync, copy etc) will  work  on  all  the  remote
       storage systems.

   Can I copy the config from one machine to another
       Sure!  Rclone  stores  all of its config in a single file.  If you want to find this file,
       run rclone config file which will tell you where it is.

       See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for more info.

   How do I configure rclone on a remote / headless box with no browser?
       This    has    now    been    documented    in    its    own     remote     setup     page
       (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/).

   Can rclone sync directly from drive to s3
       Rclone can sync between two remote cloud storage systems just fine.

       Note  that  it  effectively  downloads  the file and uploads it again, so the node running
       rclone would need to have lots of bandwidth.

       The syncs would be incremental (on a file by file basis).

       Eg

              rclone sync -i drive:Folder s3:bucket

   Using rclone from multiple locations at the same time
       You can use rclone from  multiple  places  at  the  same  time  if  you  choose  different
       subdirectory for the output, eg

              Server A> rclone sync -i /tmp/whatever remote:ServerA
              Server B> rclone sync -i /tmp/whatever remote:ServerB

       If  you  sync  to  the  same  directory  then you should use rclone copy otherwise the two
       instances of rclone may delete each other’s files, eg

              Server A> rclone copy /tmp/whatever remote:Backup
              Server B> rclone copy /tmp/whatever remote:Backup

       The file names you upload from Server A and Server B should be  different  in  this  case,
       otherwise some file systems (eg Drive) may make duplicates.

   Why doesn’t rclone support partial transfers / binary diffs like rsync?
       Rclone  stores  each  file  you  transfer  as  a native object on the remote cloud storage
       system.  This means that you can see the files you upload as  expected  using  alternative
       access  methods (eg using the Google Drive web interface).  There is a 1:1 mapping between
       files on your hard disk and objects created in the cloud storage system.

       Cloud storage systems (at least  none  I’ve  come  across  yet)  don’t  support  partially
       uploading  an  object.   You  can’t  take an existing object, and change some bytes in the
       middle of it.

       It would be possible to make a sync system which stored  binary  diffs  instead  of  whole
       objects  like rclone does, but that would break the 1:1 mapping of files on your hard disk
       to objects in the remote cloud storage system.

       All the cloud storage systems support  partial  downloads  of  content,  so  it  would  be
       possible to make partial downloads work.  However to make this work efficiently this would
       require storing a significant amount of metadata, which breaks the desired 1:1 mapping  of
       files to objects.

   Can rclone do bi-directional sync?
       No,  not at present.  rclone only does uni-directional sync from A -> B.  It may do in the
       future though since it has all the primitives - it just requires writing the algorithm  to
       do it.

   Can I use rclone with an HTTP proxy?
       Yes.   rclone  will follow the standard environment variables for proxies, similar to cURL
       and other programs.

       In general the variables are called  http_proxy  (for  services  reached  over  http)  and
       https_proxy  (for services reached over https).  Most public services will be using https,
       but you may wish to set both.

       The content of the variable is protocol://server:port.  The protocol value is the one used
       to talk to the proxy server, itself, and is commonly either http or socks5.

       Slightly  annoyingly,  there  is  no  standard  for  the  name;  some applications may use
       http_proxy but another one HTTP_PROXY.  The Go libraries used  by  rclone  will  try  both
       variations,  but you may wish to set all possibilities.  So, on Linux, you may end up with
       code similar to

              export http_proxy=http://proxyserver:12345
              export https_proxy=$http_proxy
              export HTTP_PROXY=$http_proxy
              export HTTPS_PROXY=$http_proxy

       The NO_PROXY allows you to disable the proxy for specific  hosts.   Hosts  must  be  comma
       separated,  and  can  contain  domains  or  parts.   For  instance  “foo.com” also matches
       “bar.foo.com”.

       e.g.

              export no_proxy=localhost,127.0.0.0/8,my.host.name
              export NO_PROXY=$no_proxy

       Note that the ftp backend does not support ftp_proxy yet.

   Rclone gives x509: failed to load system roots and no roots provided error
       This means that rclone can’t file the SSL  root  certificates.   Likely  you  are  running
       rclone on a NAS with a cut-down Linux OS, or possibly on Solaris.

       Rclone  (via  the  Go  runtime)  tries  to load the root certificates from these places on
       Linux.

              "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt", // Debian/Ubuntu/Gentoo etc.
              "/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt",   // Fedora/RHEL
              "/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem",             // OpenSUSE
              "/etc/pki/tls/cacert.pem",            // OpenELEC

       So doing something like this should fix the problem.  It  also  sets  the  time  which  is
       important for SSL to work properly.

              mkdir -p /etc/ssl/certs/
              curl -o /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca-bundle/master/ca-bundle.crt
              ntpclient -s -h pool.ntp.org

       The  two  environment  variables  SSL_CERT_FILE  and  SSL_CERT_DIR,  mentioned in the x509
       package (https://godoc.org/crypto/x509), provide an additional way to provide the SSL root
       certificates.

       Note that you may need to add the --insecure option to the curl command line if it doesn’t
       work without.

              curl --insecure -o /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca-bundle/master/ca-bundle.crt

   Rclone gives Failed to load config file: function not implemented error
       Likely this means that you are running rclone on Linux version not  supported  by  the  go
       runtime, ie earlier than version 2.6.23.

       See     the     system     requirements     section     in    the    go    install    docs
       (https://golang.org/doc/install) for full details.

   All my uploaded docx/xlsx/pptx files appear as archive/zip
       This is caused by uploading these files from a  Windows  computer  which  hasn’t  got  the
       Microsoft  Office  suite  installed.  The easiest way to fix is to install the Word viewer
       and the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 and later
       versions’ file formats

   tcp lookup some.domain.com no such host
       This  happens  when  rclone  cannot resolve a domain.  Please check that your DNS setup is
       generally working, e.g.

              # both should print a long list of possible IP addresses
              dig www.googleapis.com          # resolve using your default DNS
              dig www.googleapis.com @8.8.8.8 # resolve with Google's DNS server

       If you are using systemd-resolved (default on Arch Linux), ensure it is at version 233  or
       higher.   Previous  releases  contain  a  bug  which causes not all domains to be resolved
       properly.

       Additionally with the GODEBUG=netdns= environment variable the Go resolver decision can be
       influenced.  This also allows to resolve certain issues with DNS resolution.  See the name
       resolution section in the go docs (https://golang.org/pkg/net/#hdr-Name_Resolution).

   The total size reported in the stats for a sync is wrong and keeps changing
       It is likely you have more than 10,000 files that need to be synced.   By  default  rclone
       only  gets  10,000  files  ahead  in  a sync so as not to use up too much memory.  You can
       change this default with the –max-backlog (https://rclone.org/docs/#max-backlog-n) flag.

   Rclone is using too much memory or appears to have a memory leak
       Rclone is written in Go which uses a garbage collector.   The  default  settings  for  the
       garbage collector mean that it runs when the heap size has doubled.

       However  it  is  possible to tune the garbage collector to use less memory by setting GOGC
       (https://dave.cheney.net/tag/gogc) to a lower value, say export GOGC=20.  This  will  make
       the garbage collector work harder, reducing memory size at the expense of CPU usage.

       The  most common cause of rclone using lots of memory is a single directory with thousands
       or millions of files in.  Rclone has to load this entirely into memory as rclone  objects.
       Each rclone object takes 0.5k-1k of memory.

   License
       This  is free software under the terms of MIT the license (check the COPYING file included
       with the source code).

              Copyright (C) 2019 by Nick Craig-Wood https://www.craig-wood.com/nick/

              Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
              of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
              in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
              to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
              copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
              furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

              The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
              all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

              THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
              IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
              FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
              AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
              LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
              OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
              THE SOFTWARE.

   Authors
       • Nick Craig-Wood <nick@craig-wood.com>

   Contributors
       {{< rem email addresses removed from here need to be addeed to bin/.ignore-emails to  make
       sure update-authors.py doesn't immediately put them back in again.  >}}

       • Alex Couper <amcouper@gmail.com>

       • Leonid Shalupov <leonid@shalupov.com> <shalupov@diverse.org.ru>

       • Shimon Doodkin <helpmepro1@gmail.com>

       • Colin Nicholson <colin@colinn.com>

       • Klaus Post <klauspost@gmail.com>

       • Sergey Tolmachev <tolsi.ru@gmail.com>

       • Adriano Aurélio Meirelles <adriano@atinge.com>

       • C.  Bess <cbess@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Dmitry Burdeev <dibu28@gmail.com>

       • Joseph Spurrier <github@josephspurrier.com>

       • Björn Harrtell <bjorn@wololo.org>

       • Xavier Lucas <xavier.lucas@corp.ovh.com>

       • Werner Beroux <werner@beroux.com>

       • Brian Stengaard <brian@stengaard.eu>

       • Jakub Gedeon <jgedeon@sofi.com>

       • Jim Tittsler <jwt@onjapan.net>

       • Michal Witkowski <michal@improbable.io>

       • Fabian Ruff <fabian.ruff@sap.com>

       • Leigh Klotz <klotz@quixey.com>

       • Romain Lapray <lapray.romain@gmail.com>

       • Justin R.  Wilson <jrw972@gmail.com>

       • Antonio Messina <antonio.s.messina@gmail.com>

       • Stefan G.  Weichinger <office@oops.co.at>

       • Per Cederberg <cederberg@gmail.com>

       • Radek Šenfeld <rush@logic.cz>

       • Fredrik Fornwall <fredrik@fornwall.net>

       • Asko Tamm <asko@deekit.net>

       • xor-zz <xor@gstocco.com>

       • Tomasz Mazur <tmazur90@gmail.com>

       • Marco Paganini <paganini@paganini.net>

       • Felix Bünemann <buenemann@louis.info>

       • Durval Menezes <jmrclone@durval.com>

       • Luiz Carlos Rumbelsperger Viana <maxd13_luiz_carlos@hotmail.com>

       • Stefan Breunig <stefan-github@yrden.de>

       • Alishan Ladhani <ali-l@users.noreply.github.com>

       • 0xJAKE <0xJAKE@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Thibault Molleman <thibaultmol@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Scott McGillivray <scott.mcgillivray@gmail.com>

       • Bjørn Erik Pedersen <bjorn.erik.pedersen@gmail.com>

       • Lukas Loesche <lukas@mesosphere.io>

       • emyarod <allllaboutyou@gmail.com>

       • T.C.  Ferguson <tcf909@gmail.com>

       • Brandur <brandur@mutelight.org>

       • Dario Giovannetti <dev@dariogiovannetti.net>

       • Károly Oláh <okaresz@aol.com>

       • Jon Yergatian <jon@macfanatic.ca>

       • Jack Schmidt <github@mowsey.org>

       • Dedsec1 <Dedsec1@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Hisham Zarka <hzarka@gmail.com>

       • Jérôme Vizcaino <jerome.vizcaino@gmail.com>

       • Mike Tesch <mjt6129@rit.edu>

       • Marvin Watson <marvwatson@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Danny Tsai <danny8376@gmail.com>

       • Yoni Jah <yonjah+git@gmail.com> <yonjah+github@gmail.com>

       • Stephen Harris <github@spuddy.org> <sweharris@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Ihor Dvoretskyi <ihor.dvoretskyi@gmail.com>

       • Jon Craton <jncraton@gmail.com>

       • Hraban Luyat <hraban@0brg.net>

       • Michael Ledin <mledin89@gmail.com>

       • Martin Kristensen <me@azgul.com>

       • Too Much IO <toomuchio@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu>

       • Zahiar Ahmed <zahiar@live.com>

       • Igor Kharin <igorkharin@gmail.com>

       • Bill Zissimopoulos <billziss@navimatics.com>

       • Bob Potter <bobby.potter@gmail.com>

       • Steven Lu <tacticalazn@gmail.com>

       • Sjur Fredriksen <sjurtf@ifi.uio.no>

       • Ruwbin <hubus12345@gmail.com>

       • Fabian Möller <fabianm88@gmail.com> <f.moeller@nynex.de>

       • Edward Q.  Bridges <github@eqbridges.com>

       • Vasiliy Tolstov <v.tolstov@selfip.ru>

       • Harshavardhana <harsha@minio.io>

       • sainaen <sainaen@gmail.com>

       • gdm85 <gdm85@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Yaroslav Halchenko <debian@onerussian.com>

       • John Papandriopoulos <jpap@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Zhiming Wang <zmwangx@gmail.com>

       • Andy Pilate <cubox@cubox.me>

       • Oliver       Heyme       <olihey@googlemail.com>       <olihey@users.noreply.github.com>
         <de8olihe@lego.com>

       • wuyu <wuyu@yunify.com>

       • Andrei Dragomir <adragomi@adobe.com>

       • Christian Brüggemann <mail@cbruegg.com>

       • Alex McGrath Kraak <amkdude@gmail.com>

       • bpicode <bjoern.pirnay@googlemail.com>

       • Daniel Jagszent <daniel@jagszent.de>

       • Josiah White <thegenius2009@gmail.com>

       • Ishuah Kariuki <kariuki@ishuah.com> <ishuah91@gmail.com>

       • Jan Varho <jan@varho.org>

       • Girish Ramakrishnan <girish@cloudron.io>

       • LingMan <LingMan@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Jacob McNamee <jacobmcnamee@gmail.com>

       • jersou <jertux@gmail.com>

       • thierry <thierry@substantiel.fr>

       • Simon Leinen <simon.leinen@gmail.com> <ubuntu@s3-test.novalocal>

       • Dan Dascalescu <ddascalescu+github@gmail.com>

       • Jason Rose <jason@jro.io>

       • Andrew Starr-Bochicchio <a.starr.b@gmail.com>

       • John Leach <john@johnleach.co.uk>

       • Corban Raun <craun@instructure.com>

       • Pierre Carlson <mpcarl@us.ibm.com>

       • Ernest Borowski <er.borowski@gmail.com>

       • Remus Bunduc <remus.bunduc@gmail.com>

       • Iakov Davydov <iakov.davydov@unil.ch> <dav05.gith@myths.ru>

       • Jakub Tasiemski <tasiemski@gmail.com>

       • David Minor <dminor@saymedia.com>

       • Tim Cooijmans <cooijmans.tim@gmail.com>

       • Laurence <liuxy6@gmail.com>

       • Giovanni Pizzi <gio.piz@gmail.com>

       • Filip Bartodziej <filipbartodziej@gmail.com>

       • Jon Fautley <jon@dead.li>

       • lewapm <32110057+lewapm@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Yassine Imounachen <yassine256@gmail.com>

       • Chris Redekop <chris-redekop@users.noreply.github.com> <chris.redekop@gmail.com>

       • Jon Fautley <jon@adenoid.appstal.co.uk>

       • Will Gunn <WillGunn@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Lucas Bremgartner <lucas@bremis.ch>

       • Jody Frankowski <jody.frankowski@gmail.com>

       • Andreas Roussos <arouss1980@gmail.com>

       • nbuchanan <nbuchanan@utah.gov>

       • Durval Menezes <rclone@durval.com>

       • Victor <vb-github@viblo.se>

       • Mateusz <pabian.mateusz@gmail.com>

       • Daniel Loader <spicypixel@gmail.com>

       • David0rk <davidork@gmail.com>

       • Alexander Neumann <alexander@bumpern.de>

       • Giri Badanahatti <gbadanahatti@us.ibm.com@Giris-MacBook-Pro.local>

       • Leo R.  Lundgren <leo@finalresort.org>

       • wolfv <wolfv6@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Dave Pedu <dave@davepedu.com>

       • Stefan Lindblom <lindblom@spotify.com>

       • seuffert <oliver@seuffert.biz>

       • gbadanahatti <37121690+gbadanahatti@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Keith Goldfarb <barkofdelight@gmail.com>

       • Steve Kriss <steve@heptio.com>

       • Chih-Hsuan Yen <yan12125@gmail.com>

       • Alexander Neumann <fd0@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Matt Holt <mholt@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Eri Bastos <bastos.eri@gmail.com>

       • Michael P.  Dubner <pywebmail@list.ru>

       • Antoine GIRARD <sapk@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Mateusz Piotrowski <mpp302@gmail.com>

       • Animosity022 <animosity22@users.noreply.github.com> <earl.texter@gmail.com>

       • Peter Baumgartner <pete@lincolnloop.com>

       • Craig Rachel <craig@craigrachel.com>

       • Michael G.  Noll <miguno@users.noreply.github.com>

       • hensur <me@hensur.de>

       • Oliver Heyme <de8olihe@lego.com>

       • Richard Yang <richard@yenforyang.com>

       • Piotr Oleszczyk <piotr.oleszczyk@gmail.com>

       • Rodrigo <rodarima@gmail.com>

       • NoLooseEnds <NoLooseEnds@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Jakub Karlicek <jakub@karlicek.me>

       • John Clayton <john@codemonkeylabs.com>

       • Kasper Byrdal Nielsen <byrdal76@gmail.com>

       • Benjamin Joseph Dag <bjdag1234@users.noreply.github.com>

       • themylogin <themylogin@gmail.com>

       • Onno Zweers <onno.zweers@surfsara.nl>

       • Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse <jasper@humppa.nl>

       • sandeepkru <sandeep.ummadi@gmail.com> <sandeepkru@users.noreply.github.com>

       • HerrH <atomtigerzoo@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Andrew <4030760+sparkyman215@users.noreply.github.com>

       • dan smith <XX1011@gmail.com>

       • Oleg Kovalov <iamolegkovalov@gmail.com>

       • Ruben Vandamme <github-com-00ff86@vandamme.email>

       • Cnly <minecnly@gmail.com>

       • Andres Alvarez <1671935+kir4h@users.noreply.github.com>

       • reddi1 <xreddi@gmail.com>

       • Matt Tucker <matthewtckr@gmail.com>

       • Sebastian Bünger <buengese@gmail.com>

       • Martin Polden <mpolden@mpolden.no>

       • Alex Chen <Cnly@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Denis <deniskovpen@gmail.com>

       • bsteiss <35940619+bsteiss@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Cédric Connes <cedric.connes@gmail.com>

       • Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy15@users.noreply.github.com>

       • dcpu <42736967+dcpu@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Sheldon Rupp <me@shel.io>

       • albertony <12441419+albertony@users.noreply.github.com>

       • cron410 <cron410@gmail.com>

       • Anagh Kumar Baranwal <6824881+darthShadow@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Felix Brucker <felix@felixbrucker.com>

       • Santiago Rodríguez <scollazo@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Craig Miskell <craig.miskell@fluxfederation.com>

       • Antoine GIRARD <sapk@sapk.fr>

       • Joanna Marek <joanna.marek@u2i.com>

       • frenos <frenos@users.noreply.github.com>

       • ssaqua <ssaqua@users.noreply.github.com>

       • xnaas <me@xnaas.info>

       • Frantisek Fuka <fuka@fuxoft.cz>

       • Paul Kohout <pauljkohout@yahoo.com>

       • dcpu <43330287+dcpu@users.noreply.github.com>

       • jackyzy823 <jackyzy823@gmail.com>

       • David Haguenauer <ml@kurokatta.org>

       • teresy <hi.teresy@gmail.com>

       • buergi <patbuergi@gmx.de>

       • Florian Gamboeck <mail@floga.de>

       • Ralf Hemberger <10364191+rhemberger@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Scott Edlund <sedlund@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Erik Swanson <erik@retailnext.net>

       • Jake Coggiano <jake@stripe.com>

       • brused27 <brused27@noemailaddress>

       • Peter Kaminski <kaminski@istori.com>

       • Henry Ptasinski <henry@logout.com>

       • Alexander <kharkovalexander@gmail.com>

       • Garry McNulty <garrmcnu@gmail.com>

       • Mathieu Carbou <mathieu.carbou@gmail.com>

       • Mark Otway <mark@otway.com>

       • William Cocker <37018962+WilliamCocker@users.noreply.github.com>

       • François Leurent <131.js@cloudyks.org>

       • Arkadius Stefanski <arkste@gmail.com>

       • Jay <dev@jaygoel.com>

       • andrea rota <a@xelera.eu>

       • nicolov <nicolov@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Dario Guzik <dario@guzik.com.ar>

       • qip <qip@users.noreply.github.com>

       • yair@unicorn <yair@unicorn>

       • Matt Robinson <brimstone@the.narro.ws>

       • kayrus <kay.diam@gmail.com>

       • Rémy Léone <remy.leone@gmail.com>

       • Wojciech Smigielski <wojciech.hieronim.smigielski@gmail.com>

       • weetmuts <oehrstroem@gmail.com>

       • Jonathan <vanillajonathan@users.noreply.github.com>

       • James Carpenter <orbsmiv@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Vince <vince0villamora@gmail.com>

       • Nestar47 <47841759+Nestar47@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Six <brbsix@gmail.com>

       • Alexandru Bumbacea <alexandru.bumbacea@booking.com>

       • calisro <robert.calistri@gmail.com>

       • Dr.Rx <david.rey@nventive.com>

       • marcintustin <marcintustin@users.noreply.github.com>

       • jaKa Močnik <jaka@koofr.net>

       • Fionera <fionera@fionera.de>

       • Dan Walters <dan@walters.io>

       • Danil Semelenov <sgtpep@users.noreply.github.com>

       • xopez <28950736+xopez@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Ben Boeckel <mathstuf@gmail.com>

       • Manu <manu@snapdragon.cc>

       • Kyle E.  Mitchell <kyle@kemitchell.com>

       • Gary Kim <gary@garykim.dev>

       • Jon <jonathn@github.com>

       • Jeff Quinn <jeffrey.quinn@bluevoyant.com>

       • Peter Berbec <peter@berbec.com>

       • didil <1284255+didil@users.noreply.github.com>

       • id01 <gaviniboom@gmail.com>

       • Robert Marko <robimarko@gmail.com>

       • Philip Harvey <32467456+pharveybattelle@users.noreply.github.com>

       • JorisE <JorisE@users.noreply.github.com>

       • garry415 <garry.415@gmail.com>

       • forgems <forgems@gmail.com>

       • Florian Apolloner <florian@apolloner.eu>

       • Aleksandar Janković <office@ajankovic.com> <ajankovic@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Maran <maran@protonmail.com>

       • nguyenhuuluan434 <nguyenhuuluan434@gmail.com>

       • Laura Hausmann <zotan@zotan.pw> <laura@hausmann.dev>

       • yparitcher <y@paritcher.com>

       • AbelThar <abela.tharen@gmail.com>

       • Matti Niemenmaa <matti.niemenmaa+git@iki.fi>

       • Russell Davis <russelldavis@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Yi FU <yi.fu@tink.se>

       • Paul Millar <paul.millar@desy.de>

       • justinalin <justinalin@qnap.com>

       • EliEron <subanimehd@gmail.com>

       • justina777 <chiahuei.lin@gmail.com>

       • Chaitanya Bankanhal <bchaitanya15@gmail.com>

       • Michał Matczuk <michal@scylladb.com>

       • Macavirus <macavirus@zoho.com>

       • Abhinav Sharma <abhi18av@users.noreply.github.com>

       • ginvine <34869051+ginvine@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Patrick Wang <mail6543210@yahoo.com.tw>

       • Cenk Alti <cenkalti@gmail.com>

       • Andreas Chlupka <andy@chlupka.com>

       • Alfonso Montero <amontero@tinet.org>

       • Ivan Andreev <ivandeex@gmail.com>

       • David Baumgold <david@davidbaumgold.com>

       • Lars Lehtonen <lars.lehtonen@gmail.com>

       • Matei David <matei.david@gmail.com>

       • David <david.bramwell@endemolshine.com>

       • Anthony Rusdi <33247310+antrusd@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Richard Patel <me@terorie.dev>

       • 庄天翼 <zty0826@gmail.com>

       • SwitchJS <dev@switchjs.com>

       • Raphael <PowershellNinja@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Sezal Agrawal <sezalagrawal@gmail.com>

       • Tyler <TylerNakamura@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Brett Dutro <brett.dutro@gmail.com>

       • Vighnesh SK <booterror99@gmail.com>

       • Arijit Biswas <dibbyo456@gmail.com>

       • Michele Caci <michele.caci@gmail.com>

       • AlexandrBoltris <ua2fgb@gmail.com>

       • Bryce Larson <blarson@saltstack.com>

       • Carlos Ferreyra <crypticmind@gmail.com>

       • Saksham Khanna <sakshamkhanna@outlook.com>

       • dausruddin <5763466+dausruddin@users.noreply.github.com>

       • zero-24 <zero-24@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Xiaoxing Ye <ye@xiaoxing.us>

       • Barry Muldrey <barry@muldrey.net>

       • Sebastian Brandt <sebastian.brandt@friday.de>

       • Marco Molteni <marco.molteni@mailbox.org>

       • Ankur Gupta <ankur0493@gmail.com> <7876747+ankur0493@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Maciej Zimnoch <maciej@scylladb.com>

       • anuar45 <serdaliyev.anuar@gmail.com>

       • Fernando <ferferga@users.noreply.github.com>

       • David Cole <david.cole@sohonet.com>

       • Wei He <git@weispot.com>

       • Outvi V <19144373+outloudvi@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Thomas Kriechbaumer <thomas@kriechbaumer.name>

       • Tennix <tennix@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Ole Schütt <ole@schuett.name>

       • Kuang-che Wu <kcwu@csie.org>

       • Thomas Eales <wingsuit@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Paul Tinsley <paul.tinsley@vitalsource.com>

       • Felix Hungenberg <git@shiftgeist.com>

       • Benjamin Richter <github@dev.telepath.de>

       • landall <cst_zf@qq.com>

       • thestigma <thestigma@gmail.com>

       • jtagcat <38327267+jtagcat@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Damon Permezel <permezel@me.com>

       • boosh <boosh@users.noreply.github.com>

       • unbelauscht <58393353+unbelauscht@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Motonori IWAMURO <vmi@nifty.com>

       • Benjapol Worakan <benwrk@live.com>

       • Dave Koston <dave.koston@stackpath.com>

       • Durval Menezes <DurvalMenezes@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Tim Gallant <me@timgallant.us>

       • Frederick Zhang <frederick888@tsundere.moe>

       • valery1707 <valery1707@gmail.com>

       • Yves G <theYinYeti@yalis.fr>

       • Shing Kit Chan <chanshingkit@gmail.com>

       • Franklyn Tackitt <franklyn@tackitt.net>

       • Robert-André Mauchin <zebob.m@gmail.com>

       • evileye <48332831+ibiruai@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Joachim Brandon LeBlanc <brandon@leblanc.codes>

       • Patryk Jakuszew <patryk.jakuszew@gmail.com>

       • fishbullet <shindu666@gmail.com>

       • greatroar <@>

       • Bernd Schoolmann <mail@quexten.com>

       • Elan Ruusamäe <glen@pld-linux.org>

       • Max Sum <max@lolyculture.com>

       • Mark Spieth <mspieth@users.noreply.github.com>

       • harry <me@harry.plus>

       • Samantha McVey <samantham@posteo.net>

       • Jack Anderson <jack.anderson@metaswitch.com>

       • Michael G <draget@speciesm.net>

       • Brandon Philips <brandon@ifup.org>

       • Daven <dooven@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Martin Stone <martin@d7415.co.uk>

       • David Bramwell <13053834+dbramwell@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Sunil Patra <snl_su@live.com>

       • Adam Stroud <adam.stroud@gmail.com>

       • Kush <kushsharma@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Matan Rosenberg <matan129@gmail.com>

       • gitch1 <63495046+gitch1@users.noreply.github.com>

       • ElonH <elonhhuang@gmail.com>

       • Fred <fred@creativeprojects.tech>

       • Sébastien Gross <renard@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Maxime Suret <11944422+msuret@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Caleb Case <caleb@storj.io>

       • Ben Zenker <imbenzenker@gmail.com>

       • Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>

       • Brandon McNama <bmcnama@pagerduty.com>

       • Daniel Slyman <github@skylayer.eu>

       • Alex Guerrero <guerrero@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Matteo Pietro Dazzi <matteopietro.dazzi@gft.com>

       • edwardxml <56691903+edwardxml@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Roman Kredentser <shareed2k@gmail.com>

       • Kamil Trzciński <ayufan@ayufan.eu>

       • Zac Rubin <z-0@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Vincent Feltz <psycho@feltzv.fr>

       • Heiko Bornholdt <bornholdt@informatik.uni-hamburg.de>

       • Matteo Pietro Dazzi <matteopietro.dazzi@gmail.com>

       • jtagcat <gitlab@c7.ee>

       • Petri Salminen <petri@salminen.dev>

       • Tim Burke <tim.burke@gmail.com>

       • Kai Lüke <kai@kinvolk.io>

       • Garrett Squire <github@garrettsquire.com>

       • Evan Harris <eharris@puremagic.com>

       • Kevin <keyam@microsoft.com>

       • Morten Linderud <morten@linderud.pw>

       • Dmitry Ustalov <dmitry.ustalov@gmail.com>

       • Jack <196648+jdeng@users.noreply.github.com>

       • kcris <cristian.tarsoaga@gmail.com>

       • tyhuber1 <68970760+tyhuber1@users.noreply.github.com>

       • David Ibarra <david.ibarra@realty.com>

       • Tim Gallant <tim@lilt.com>

       • Kaloyan Raev <kaloyan@storj.io>

       • Jay McEntire <jay.mcentire@gmail.com>

       • Leo Luan <leoluan@us.ibm.com>

       • aus <549081+aus@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Aaron Gokaslan <agokaslan@fb.com>

       • Egor Margineanu <egmar@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Lucas Kanashiro <lucas.kanashiro@canonical.com>

       • WarpedPixel <WarpedPixel@users.noreply.github.com>

       • Sam Edwards <sam@samedwards.ca>

Contact the rclone project

   Forum
       Forum for questions and general discussion:

       • https://forum.rclone.org

   GitHub repository
       The project’s repository is located at:

       • https://github.com/rclone/rclone

       There you can file bug reports or contribute with pull requests.

   Twitter
       You can also follow me on twitter for rclone announcements:

       • [@njcw](https://twitter.com/njcw)

   Email
       Or if all else fails or you want to ask  something  private  or  confidential  email  Nick
       Craig-Wood  (mailto:nick@craig-wood.com).  Please don’t email me requests for help - those
       are better directed to the forum.  Thanks!

AUTHORS

       Nick Craig-Wood.