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NAME

       t.select   -  Select  maps  from space time datasets by topological relationships to other
       space time datasets using temporal algebra.

KEYWORDS

       temporal, metadata, time

SYNOPSIS

       t.select
       t.select --help
       t.select  [-sd]   [type=name]   expression=expression   [--help]   [--verbose]   [--quiet]
       [--ui]

   Flags:
       -s
           Check  the  spatial  topology  of  temporally  related  maps and select only spatially
           related maps

       -d
           Perform a dry run, compute all dependencies and module calls but don’t run them

       --help
           Print usage summary

       --verbose
           Verbose module output

       --quiet
           Quiet module output

       --ui
           Force launching GUI dialog

   Parameters:
       type=name
           Type of the input space time dataset
           Options: strds, stvds, str3ds
           Default: strds

       expression=expression [required]
           The temporal mapcalc expression

DESCRIPTION

       t.select performs selection of maps that are  registered  in  space  time  datasets  using
       temporal algebra.

   PROGRAM USE
       The module expects an expression as input parameter in the following form:

       "result = expression"

       The  statement  structure is similar to r.mapcalc, see r.mapcalc.  Where result represents
       the name of a space time dataset (STDS)that will contain the  result  of  the  calculation
       that  is given as expression on the right side of the equality sign.  These expression can
       be any valid or nested combination of temporal operations and functions that are  provided
       by the temporal algebra.
       The temporal algebra works with space time datasets of any type (STRDS, STR3DS and STVDS).
       The algebra provides  methods  for  map  selection  from  STDS  based  on  their  temporal
       relations.  It is also possible to temporally shift maps, to create temporal buffer and to
       snap time instances to create a valid temporal topology. Furthermore  expressions  can  be
       nested and evaluated in conditional statements (if, else statements). Within if-statements
       the algebra provides temporal variables like start time,  end  time,  day  of  year,  time
       differences  or  number of maps per time interval to build up conditions. These operations
       can be assigned to space time datasets or to the results of operations between space  time
       datasets.

       The  type  of the input space time datasets must be defined with the input parameter type.
       Possible options are STRDS, STVDS or STR3DS.  The default is  set  to  space  time  raster
       datasets (STRDS).

       As  default,  topological relationships between space time datasets will be evaluated only
       temporal. Use the s flag to activate the additionally spatial topology evaluation.

       The expression option must be passed as quoted expression, for example:
       t.select expression="C = A : B"
       Where C is the new space time raster dataset that  will  contain  maps  from  A  that  are
       selected by equal temporal relationships to the existing dataset B in this case.

TEMPORAL ALGEBRA

       The  temporal  algebra provides a wide range of temporal operators and functions that will
       be presented in the following section.

   TEMPORAL RELATIONS
       Several temporal topology relations between registered maps of  space  time  datasets  are
       supported:
       equals            A ------
                         B ------
       during            A  ----
                         B ------
       contains          A ------
                         B  ----
       starts            A ----
                         B ------
       started           A ------
                         B ----
       finishs           A   ----
                         B ------
       finished          A ------
                         B   ----
       precedes          A ----
                         B     ----
       follows           A     ----
                         B ----
       overlapped        A   ------
                         B ------
       overlaps          A ------
                         B   ------
       over              booth overlaps and overlapped
       The  relations  must  be read as: A is related to B, like - A equals B - A is during B - A
       contains B

       Topological relations must be specified in {} parentheses.

   TEMPORAL OPERATORS
       The temporal algebra defines temporal operators that can be combined with other  operators
       to  perform spatio-temporal operations.  The temporal operators process the time instances
       and intervals of two temporal related maps and calculate the  result  temporal  extent  by
       five different possibilities.
       LEFT REFERENCE     l       Use the time stamp of the left space time dataset
       INTERSECTION       i       Intersection
       DISJOINT UNION     d       Disjoint union
       UNION              u       Union
       RIGHT REFERENCE    r       Use the time stamp of the right space time dataset

   TEMPORAL SELECTION
       The  temporal  selection  simply  selects parts of a space time dataset without processing
       raster or vector data.  The algebra provides a selection operator : that selects parts  of
       a  space  time  dataset that are temporally equal to parts of a second one by default. The
       following expression
       C = A : B
       means: Select all parts of space time dataset A that are equal to B and store it in  space
       time dataset C. The parts are time stamped maps.

       In  addition  the  inverse  selection  operator  !:  is  defined  as the complement of the
       selection operator, hence the following expression
       C = A !: B
       means: select all parts of space time time dataset A that are not equal to B and store  it
       in space time dataset (STDS) C.

       To  select  parts of a STDS by different topological relations to other STDS, the temporal
       topology selection operator can be used. The operator consists of the  temporal  selection
       operator,  the  topological relations, that must be separated by the logical OR operator |
       and the temporal extent operator.  All three parts are separated by comma  and  surrounded
       by curly braces:
       {"temporal selection operator", "topological relations", "temporal operator"}
       Examples:
       C = A {:, equals} B
       C = A {!:, equals} B
       We  can  now  define  arbitrary topological relations using the OR operator "|" to connect
       them:
       C = A {:,equals|during|overlaps} B
       Select all parts of A that are equal to B, during B or overlaps B.
       In addition we can define the temporal extent of the result STDS by  adding  the  temporal
       operator.
       C = A {:, during,r} B
       Select all parts of A that are during B and use the temporal extents from B for C.
       The  selection  operator  is  implicitly  contained  in  the  temporal  topology selection
       operator, so that the following statements are exactly the same:
       C = A : B
       C = A {:} B
       C = A {:,equal} B
       C = A {:,equal,l} B
       Same for the complementary selection:
       C = A !: B
       C = A {!:} B
       C = A {!:,equal} B
       C = A {!:,equal,l} B

   CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
       Selection operations can be evaluated within conditional statements.
       Note A and B can either be space time datasets or expressions. The temporal
       relationship between the conditions and the conclusions can be defined at the
       beginning of the if statement. The relationship between then and else conclusion
       must be always equal.
       if statement                           decision option                        temporal relations
         if(if, then, else)
         if(conditions, A)                    A if conditions are True;              temporal topological relation between if and then is equal.
         if(conditions, A, B)                 A if conditions are True, B otherwise; temporal topological relation between if, then and else is equal.
         if(topologies, conditions, A)        A if conditions are True;              temporal topological relation between if and then is explicit specified by topologies.
         if(topologies, conditions, A, B)     A if conditions are True, B otherwise; temporal topological relation between if, then and else is explicit specified by topologies.
       The conditions are comparison expressions that are used to evaluate space  time  datasets.
       Specific  values of temporal variables are compared by logical operators and evaluated for
       each map of the STDS.
       Important: The conditions are evaluated from left to right.

   Logical operators
       Symbol  description
         ==    equal
         !=    not equal
         >     greater than
         >=    greater than or equal
         <     less than
         <=    less than or equal
         &&    and
         ||    or

   Temporal functions
       The following temporal function are evaluated only for the STDS  that  must  be  given  in
       parenthesis.
       td(A)                    Returns a list of time intervals of STDS A
       start_time(A)            Start time as HH::MM:SS
       start_date(A)            Start date as yyyy-mm-DD
       start_datetime(A)        Start datetime as yyyy-mm-DD HH:MM:SS
       end_time(A)              End time as HH:MM:SS
       end_date(A)              End date as yyyy-mm-DD
       end_datetime(A)          End datetime as  yyyy-mm-DD HH:MM
       start_doy(A)             Day of year (doy) from the start time [1 - 366]
       start_dow(A)             Day of week (dow) from the start time [1 - 7], the start of the week is Monday == 1
       start_year(A)            The year of the start time [0 - 9999]
       start_month(A)           The month of the start time [1 - 12]
       start_week(A)            Week of year of the start time [1 - 54]
       start_day(A)             Day of month from the start time [1 - 31]
       start_hour(A)            The hour of the start time [0 - 23]
       start_minute(A)          The minute of the start time [0 - 59]
       start_second(A)          The second of the start time [0 - 59]
       end_doy(A)               Day of year (doy) from the end time [1 - 366]
       end_dow(A)               Day of week (dow) from the end time [1 - 7], the start of the week is Monday == 1
       end_year(A)              The year of the end time [0 - 9999]
       end_month(A)             The month of the end time [1 - 12]
       end_week(A)              Week of year of the end time [1 - 54]
       end_day(A)               Day of month from the start time [1 - 31]
       end_hour(A)              The hour of the end time [0 - 23]
       end_minute(A)            The minute of the end time [0 - 59]
       end_second(A)            The second of the end time [0 - 59]

   Comparison operator
       The  conditions  are comparison expressions that are used to evaluate space time datasets.
       Specific values of temporal variables are compared by logical operators and evaluated  for
       each  map of the STDS and the related maps.  For complex relations the comparison operator
       can be used to combine conditions:
       The structure is similar to the select operator  with  the  extension  of  an  aggregation
       operator: {"comparison operator", "topological relations", aggregation operator, "temporal
       operator"}
       This aggregation operator (| or &) define the behaviour if a map is related the more  than
       one  map, e.g for the topological relations ’contains’.  Should all (&) conditions for the
       related maps be true or is it sufficient to have any  (|)  condition  that  is  true.  The
       resulting boolean value is then compared to the first condition by the comparison operator
       (|| or &&).  As default the aggregation operator is related to the comparison operator:
       Comparison operator -> aggregation operator:
       || -> | and && -> &
       Examples:
       Condition 1 {||, equal, r} Condition 2
       Condition 1 {&&, equal|during, l} Condition 2
       Condition 1 {&&, equal|contains, |, l} Condition 2
       Condition 1 {&&, equal|during, l} Condition 2 && Condition 3
       Condition 1 {&&, equal|during, l} Condition 2 {&&,contains, |, r} Condition 3

   Hash operator
       Additionally the number of maps in intervals can  be  computed  and  used  in  conditional
       statements with the hash (#) operator.
       A{#, contains}B
       This expression computes the number of maps from space time dataset B which are during the
       time intervals of maps from space time dataset A.
       A list of integers (scalars) corresponding to the maps of A that contain maps from B  will
       be returned.

       C = if({equal}, A {#, contains} B > 2, A {:, contains} B)
       This  expression  selects  all maps from A that temporally contains at least 2 maps from B
       and stores them in space time dataset C. The leading equal statement in the  if  condition
       specifies the temporal relation between the if and then part of the if expression. This is
       very important, so we do not need to  specify  a  global  time  reference  (a  space  time
       dataset) for temporal processing.

       Furthermore the temporal algebra allows temporal buffering, shifting and snapping with the
       functions buff_t(), tshift() and tsnap() respectively.
       buff_t(A, size)         Buffer STDS A with granule ("1 month" or 5)
       tshift(A, size)         Shift STDS A with granule ("1 month" or 5)
       tsnap(A)                Snap time instances and intervals of STDS A

   Single map with temporal extent
       The temporal algebra can also handle single maps with time stamps in the map function.
       tmap()
       For example:
        C = A {:,during} tmap(event)
       This statement select all maps from space time data set A that  are  during  the  temporal
       extent of single map ’event’

Examples

       Select  all  maps  from  space time dataset A which have equal time stamps with space time
       dataset B and C and are earlier that Jan. 1. 2005 and store them in space time dataset D.
       D = if(start_date(A) < "2005-01-01", A : B : C)
       Select all maps from space time dataset A which contains more than  three  maps  of  space
       time dataset B, else select maps from C with time stamps that are not equal to A and store
       them in space time dataset D.
       D = if(A {#, contains} B > 3, A {:, contains} B, C)
       Select all maps from space time dataset B which are during  the  temporal  buffered  space
       time  dataset  A with a map interval of three days, else select maps from C and store them
       in space time dataset D.
       D = if(contains, td(buff_t(A, "1 days")) == 3, B, C)

SEE ALSO

        r.mapcalc

REFERENCES

       PLY(Python-Lex-Yacc)

       Gebbert, S., Leppelt, T., Pebesma, E., 2019. A topology based spatio-temporal map  algebra
       for big data analysis. Data 4, 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/data4020086

AUTHORS

       Thomas Leppelt, Sören Gebbert, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture

SOURCE CODE

       Available at: t.select source code (history)

       Accessed: unknown

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