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NAME

       tcfdb - the fixed-length database API

DESCRIPTION

       Fixed-length  database  is  a  file  containing  an  array of fixed-length elements and is
       handled with the fixed-length database API.

       To use the fixed-length database API, include `tcutil.h', `tcfdb.h', and related  standard
       header files.  Usually, write the following description near the front of a source file.

              #include <tcutil.h>
              #include <tcfdb.h>
              #include <stdlib.h>
              #include <stdbool.h>
              #include <stdint.h>

       Objects  whose  type  is  pointer to `TCFDB' are used to handle fixed-length databases.  A
       fixed-length database object is created with the function `tcfdbnew' and is  deleted  with
       the  function  `tcfdbdel'.   To  avoid memory leak, it is important to delete every object
       when it is no longer in use.

       Before operations to store or retrieve records, it is necessary to open  a  database  file
       and  connect  the fixed-length database object to it.  The function `tcfdbopen' is used to
       open a database file and the function `tcfdbclose' is used to close the database file.  To
       avoid  data missing or corruption, it is important to close every database file when it is
       no longer in use.  It is forbidden for multiple database objects in a process to open  the
       same database at the same time.

API

       The  function `tcfdberrmsg' is used in order to get the message string corresponding to an
       error code.

              const char *tcfdberrmsg(int ecode);
                     `ecode' specifies the error code.
                     The return value is the message string of the error code.

       The function `tcfdbnew' is used in order to create a fixed-length database object.

              TCFDB *tcfdbnew(void);
                     The return value is the new fixed-length database object.

       The function `tcfdbdel' is used in order to delete a fixed-length database object.

              void tcfdbdel(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     If the database is not closed, it  is  closed  implicitly.   Note  that  the
                     deleted object and its derivatives can not be used anymore.

       The  function  `tcfdbecode'  is  used  in  order  to get the last happened error code of a
       fixed-length database object.

              int tcfdbecode(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     The return value is the last happened error code.
                     The following error codes are defined: `TCESUCCESS' for success, `TCETHREAD'
                     for  threading  error,  `TCEINVALID'  for invalid operation, `TCENOFILE' for
                     file not found, `TCENOPERM' for no permission, `TCEMETA'  for  invalid  meta
                     data,  `TCERHEAD'  for  invalid  record  header,  `TCEOPEN'  for open error,
                     `TCECLOSE' for close error, `TCETRUNC' for trunc error, `TCESYNC'  for  sync
                     error,  `TCESTAT'  for  stat  error, `TCESEEK' for seek error, `TCEREAD' for
                     read error, `TCEWRITE' for write error, `TCEMMAP' for mmap error,  `TCELOCK'
                     for  lock error, `TCEUNLINK' for unlink error, `TCERENAME' for rename error,
                     `TCEMKDIR' for mkdir  error,  `TCERMDIR'  for  rmdir  error,  `TCEKEEP'  for
                     existing   record,  `TCENOREC'  for  no  record  found,  and  `TCEMISC'  for
                     miscellaneous error.

       The function `tcfdbsetmutex' is used in  order  to  set  mutual  exclusion  control  of  a
       fixed-length database object for threading.

              bool tcfdbsetmutex(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object which is not opened.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     Note  that the mutual exclusion control is needed if the object is shared by
                     plural threads and this function should be called  before  the  database  is
                     opened.

       The  function  `tcfdbtune' is used in order to set the tuning parameters of a fixed-length
       database object.

              bool tcfdbtune(TCFDB *fdb, int32_t width, int64_t limsiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object which is not opened.
                     `width' specifies the width of the value of each record.  If it is not  more
                     than 0, the default value is specified.  The default value is 255.
                     `limsiz'  specifies  the limit size of the database file.  If it is not more
                     than 0, the default value is specified.  The default value is 268435456.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     Note that the tuning parameters should be set before the database is opened.

       The function `tcfdbopen' is  used  in  order  to  open  a  database  file  and  connect  a
       fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbopen(TCFDB *fdb, const char *path, int omode);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object which is not opened.
                     `path' specifies the path of the database file.
                     `omode'   specifies   the   connection   mode:  `FDBOWRITER'  as  a  writer,
                     `FDBOREADER' as a reader.  If the mode is `FDBOWRITER', the following may be
                     added  by  bitwise-or: `FDBOCREAT', which means it creates a new database if
                     not exist, `FDBOTRUNC', which means it creates a new database regardless  if
                     one  exists, `FDBOTSYNC', which means every transaction synchronizes updated
                     contents with the device.  Both of  `FDBOREADER'  and  `FDBOWRITER'  can  be
                     added  to by bitwise-or: `FDBONOLCK', which means it opens the database file
                     without file locking, or  `FDBOLCKNB',  which  means  locking  is  performed
                     without blocking.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.

       The function `tcfdbclose' is used in order to close a fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbclose(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     Update  of  a database is assured to be written when the database is closed.
                     If a writer opens a database  but  does  not  close  it  appropriately,  the
                     database will be broken.

       The  function  `tcfdbput'  is used in order to store a record into a fixed-length database
       object.

              bool tcfdbput(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id, const void *vbuf, int vsiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `id' specifies the ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.   If  it  is
                     `FDBIDMIN',  the  minimum ID number of existing records is specified.  If it
                     is `FDBIDPREV', the number less  by  one  than  the  minimum  ID  number  of
                     existing  records  is specified.  If it is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum ID number
                     of existing records is specified.  If it is `FDBIDNEXT', the number  greater
                     by one than the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `vbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     `vsiz'  specifies  the  size of the region of the value.  If the size of the
                     value is greater than the width tuning parameter of the database,  the  size
                     is cut down to the width.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If a record with the same key exists in the database, it is overwritten.

       The  function  `tcfdbput2'  is  used  in order to store a record with a decimal key into a
       fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbput2(TCFDB *fdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const void *vbuf, int vsiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the decimal key.  It should be
                     more  than  0.  If it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is
                     specified.  If it is "prev", the number less by  one  than  the  minimum  ID
                     number  of  existing  records  is specified.  If it is "max", the maximum ID
                     number of existing records is  specified.   If  it  is  "next",  the  number
                     greater by one than the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     `vbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     `vsiz'  specifies  the  size of the region of the value.  If the size of the
                     value is greater than the width tuning parameter of the database,  the  size
                     is cut down to the width.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If a record with the same key exists in the database, it is overwritten.

       The function `tcfdbput3' is used in order to store a string record with a decimal key into
       a fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbput3(TCFDB *fdb, const char *kstr, const void *vstr);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `kstr' specifies the string of the decimal key.  It should be more  than  0.
                     If  it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.  If
                     it is "prev", the number less by one than the minimum ID number of  existing
                     records  is  specified.   If  it is "max", the maximum ID number of existing
                     records is specified.  If it is "next", the number greater by one  than  the
                     maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `vstr' specifies the string of the value.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If a record with the same key exists in the database, it is overwritten.

       The  function  `tcfdbputkeep'  is  used in order to store a new record into a fixed-length
       database object.

              bool tcfdbputkeep(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id, const void *vbuf, int vsiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `id' specifies the ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.   If  it  is
                     `FDBIDMIN',  the  minimum ID number of existing records is specified.  If it
                     is `FDBIDPREV', the number less  by  one  than  the  minimum  ID  number  of
                     existing  records  is specified.  If it is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum ID number
                     of existing records is specified.  If it is `FDBIDNEXT', the number  greater
                     by one than the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `vbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     `vsiz'  specifies  the  size of the region of the value.  If the size of the
                     value is greater than the width tuning parameter of the database,  the  size
                     is cut down to the width.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If  a  record with the same key exists in the database, this function has no
                     effect.

       The function `tcfdbputkeep2' is used in order to store a new record  with  a  decimal  key
       into a fixed-length database object.

              bool  tcfdbputkeep2(TCFDB  *fdb,  const void *kbuf, int ksiz, const void *vbuf, int
              vsiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the decimal key.  It should be
                     more  than  0.  If it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is
                     specified.  If it is "prev", the number less by  one  than  the  minimum  ID
                     number  of  existing  records  is specified.  If it is "max", the maximum ID
                     number of existing records is  specified.   If  it  is  "next",  the  number
                     greater by one than the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     `vbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     `vsiz'  specifies  the  size of the region of the value.  If the size of the
                     value is greater than the width tuning parameter of the database,  the  size
                     is cut down to the width.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If  a  record with the same key exists in the database, this function has no
                     effect.

       The function `tcfdbputkeep3' is used in order to store a new string record with a  decimal
       key into a fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbputkeep3(TCFDB *fdb, const char *kstr, const void *vstr);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `kstr'  specifies  the string of the decimal key.  It should be more than 0.
                     If it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.   If
                     it  is "prev", the number less by one than the minimum ID number of existing
                     records is specified.  If it is "max", the maximum  ID  number  of  existing
                     records  is  specified.  If it is "next", the number greater by one than the
                     maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `vstr' specifies the string of the value.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If a record with the same key exists in the database, this function  has  no
                     effect.

       The  function  `tcfdbputcat'  is  used  in  order to concatenate a value at the end of the
       existing record in a fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbputcat(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id, const void *vbuf, int vsiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `id' specifies the ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.   If  it  is
                     `FDBIDMIN',  the  minimum ID number of existing records is specified.  If it
                     is `FDBIDPREV', the number less  by  one  than  the  minimum  ID  number  of
                     existing  records  is specified.  If it is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum ID number
                     of existing records is specified.  If it is `FDBIDNEXT', the number  greater
                     by one than the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `vbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     `vsiz'  specifies  the  size of the region of the value.  If the size of the
                     value is greater than the width tuning parameter of the database,  the  size
                     is cut down to the width.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If there is no corresponding record, a new record is created.

       The  function `tcfdbputcat2' is used in order to concatenate a value with a decimal key in
       a fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbputcat2(TCFDB *fdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz,  const  void  *vbuf,  int
              vsiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the decimal key.  It should be
                     more than 0.  If it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing  records  is
                     specified.   If  it  is  "prev",  the number less by one than the minimum ID
                     number of existing records is specified.  If it is  "max",  the  maximum  ID
                     number  of  existing  records  is  specified.   If  it is "next", the number
                     greater by one than the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     `vbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the value.
                     `vsiz' specifies the size of the region of the value.  If the  size  of  the
                     value  is  greater than the width tuning parameter of the database, the size
                     is cut down to the width.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If there is no corresponding record, a new record is created.

       The function `tcfdbputcat3' is used in order to concatenate a string value with a  decimal
       key in a fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbputcat3(TCFDB *fdb, const char *kstr, const void *vstr);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `kstr'  specifies  the string of the decimal key.  It should be more than 0.
                     If it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.   If
                     it  is "prev", the number less by one than the minimum ID number of existing
                     records is specified.  If it is "max", the maximum  ID  number  of  existing
                     records  is  specified.  If it is "next", the number greater by one than the
                     maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `vstr' specifies the string of the value.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     If there is no corresponding record, a new record is created.

       The function `tcfdbout' is used in order to remove a record  of  a  fixed-length  database
       object.

              bool tcfdbout(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `id'  specifies  the  ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.  If it is
                     `FDBIDMIN', the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.   If  it
                     is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.

       The  function  `tcfdbout2'  is  used  in  order to remove a record with a decimal key of a
       fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbout2(TCFDB *fdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the decimal key.  It should be
                     more  than  0.  If it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is
                     specified.  If it is "max", the maximum ID number  of  existing  records  is
                     specified.
                     `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.

       The  function `tcfdbout3' is used in order to remove a string record with a decimal key of
       a fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbout3(TCFDB *fdb, const char *kstr);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `kstr' specifies the string of the decimal key.  It should be more  than  0.
                     If  it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.  If
                     it is "max", the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.

       The function `tcfdbget' is used in order to retrieve a record in a  fixed-length  database
       object.

              void *tcfdbget(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id, int *sp);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `id'  specifies  the  ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.  If it is
                     `FDBIDMIN', the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.   If  it
                     is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `sp' specifies the pointer to the variable into which the size of the region
                     of the return value is assigned.
                     If successful, the return value is the pointer to the region of the value of
                     the corresponding record.  `NULL' is returned if no record corresponds.
                     Because  an additional zero code is appended at the end of the region of the
                     return value, the return  value  can  be  treated  as  a  character  string.
                     Because  the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc' call,
                     it should be released with the `free' call when it is no longer in use.

       The function `tcfdbget2' is used in order to retrieve a record with a  decimal  key  in  a
       fixed-length database object.

              void *tcfdbget2(TCFDB *fdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz, int *sp);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the decimal key.  It should be
                     more than 0.  If it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing  records  is
                     specified.   If  it  is  "max", the maximum ID number of existing records is
                     specified.
                     `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     `sp' specifies the pointer to the variable into which the size of the region
                     of the return value is assigned.
                     If successful, the return value is the pointer to the region of the value of
                     the corresponding record.  `NULL' is returned if no record corresponds.
                     Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of the region of  the
                     return  value,  the  return  value  can  be  treated  as a character string.
                     Because the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc'  call,
                     it should be released with the `free' call when it is no longer in use.

       The  function  `tcfdbget3' is used in order to retrieve a string record with a decimal key
       in a fixed-length database object.

              char *tcfdbget3(TCFDB *fdb, const char *kstr);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `kstr' specifies the string of the decimal key.  It should be more  than  0.
                     If  it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.  If
                     it is "max", the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     If successful,  the  return  value  is  the  string  of  the  value  of  the
                     corresponding record.  `NULL' is returned if no record corresponds.
                     Because  an additional zero code is appended at the end of the region of the
                     return value, the return  value  can  be  treated  as  a  character  string.
                     Because  the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc' call,
                     it should be released with the `free' call when it is no longer in use.

       The function `tcfdbget4' is used in order to retrieve a record in a fixed-length  database
       object and write the value into a buffer.

              int tcfdbget4(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id, void *vbuf, int max);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `id'  specifies  the  ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.  If it is
                     `FDBIDMIN', the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.   If  it
                     is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `vbuf'  specifies  the  pointer  to  the  buffer into which the value of the
                     corresponding record is written.
                     `max' specifies the size of the buffer.
                     If successful, the return value is the size of the written data, else, it is
                     -1.  -1 is returned if no record corresponds to the specified key.
                     Note  that  an additional zero code is not appended at the end of the region
                     of the writing buffer.

       The function `tcfdbvsiz' is used in order to get the size of the value of a  record  in  a
       fixed-length database object.

              int tcfdbvsiz(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `id'  specifies  the  ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.  If it is
                     `FDBIDMIN', the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.   If  it
                     is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     If   successful,  the  return  value  is  the  size  of  the  value  of  the
                     corresponding record, else, it is -1.

       The function `tcfdbvsiz2' is used in order to get the size of the value with a decimal key
       in a fixed-length database object.

              int tcfdbvsiz2(TCFDB *fdb, const void *kbuf, int ksiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `kbuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the decimal key.  It should be
                     more than 0.  If it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing  records  is
                     specified.   If  it  is  "max", the maximum ID number of existing records is
                     specified.
                     `ksiz' specifies the size of the region of the key.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is  the  size  of  the  value  of   the
                     corresponding record, else, it is -1.

       The  function  `tcfdbvsiz3'  is  used  in order to get the size of the string value with a
       decimal key in a fixed-length database object.

              int tcfdbvsiz3(TCFDB *fdb, const char *kstr);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `kstr' specifies the string of the decimal key.  It should be more  than  0.
                     If  it is "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.  If
                     it is "max", the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is  the  size  of  the  value  of   the
                     corresponding record, else, it is -1.

       The function `tcfdbiterinit' is used in order to initialize the iterator of a fixed-length
       database object.

              bool tcfdbiterinit(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     The iterator is used in order to access the key of every record stored in  a
                     database.

       The function `tcfdbiternext' is used in order to get the next ID number of the iterator of
       a fixed-length database object.

              uint64_t tcfdbiternext(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     If successful, the return value is the next ID number of the iterator, else,
                     it is 0.  0 is returned when no record is to be get out of the iterator.
                     It is possible to access every record by iteration of calling this function.
                     It is allowed to update or remove records whose keys are fetched  while  the
                     iteration.  The order of this traversal access method is ascending of the ID
                     number.

       The function `tcfdbiternext2' is used in order to get the next decimay key of the iterator
       of a fixed-length database object.

              void *tcfdbiternext2(TCFDB *fdb, int *sp);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `sp' specifies the pointer to the variable into which the size of the region
                     of the return value is assigned.
                     If successful, the return value is the pointer to the  region  of  the  next
                     decimal key, else, it is `NULL'.  `NULL' is returned when no record is to be
                     get out of the iterator.
                     Because an additional zero code is appended at the end of the region of  the
                     return  value,  the  return  value  can  be  treated  as a character string.
                     Because the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc'  call,
                     it  should be released with the `free' call when it is no longer in use.  It
                     is possible to access every record by iteration of  calling  this  function.
                     It  is  allowed to update or remove records whose keys are fetched while the
                     iteration.  The order of this traversal access method is ascending of the ID
                     number.

       The  function  `tcfdbiternext3' is used in order to get the next decimay key string of the
       iterator of a fixed-length database object.

              char *tcfdbiternext3(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     If successful, the return value is the string of the next decimal key, else,
                     it  is  `NULL'.   `NULL'  is returned when no record is to be get out of the
                     iterator.
                     Because the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc'  call,
                     it  should be released with the `free' call when it is no longer in use.  It
                     is possible to access every record by iteration of  calling  this  function.
                     It  is  allowed to update or remove records whose keys are fetched while the
                     iteration.  The order of this traversal access method is ascending of the ID
                     number.

       The  function  `tcfdbrange'  is  used  in  order  to  get  range  matching ID numbers in a
       fixed-length database object.

              uint64_t *tcfdbrange(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t lower, int64_t upper, int max, int *np);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `lower' specifies the lower limit of the range.  If it  is  `FDBIDMIN',  the
                     minimum ID is specified.
                     `upper'  specifies  the  upper limit of the range.  If it is `FDBIDMAX', the
                     maximum ID is specified.
                     `max' specifies the maximum  number  of  keys  to  be  fetched.   If  it  is
                     negative, no limit is specified.
                     `np' specifies the pointer to the variable into which the number of elements
                     of the return value is assigned.
                     If successful, the return value is the pointer to an array of ID numbers  of
                     the  corresponding  records.   `NULL' is returned on failure.  This function
                     does never fail.  It returns an empty array even if no key corresponds.
                     Because the region of the return value is allocated with the `malloc'  call,
                     it should be released with the `free' call when it is no longer in use.

       The  function  `tcfdbrange2'  is  used  in  order  to get range matching decimal keys in a
       fixed-length database object.

              TCLIST *tcfdbrange2(TCFDB *fdb, const void *lbuf, int lsiz, const void  *ubuf,  int
              usiz, int max);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `lbuf'  specifies  the  pointer  to  the  region of the lower key.  If it is
                     "min", the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `lsiz' specifies the size of the region of the lower key.
                     `ubuf' specifies the pointer to the region of  the  upper  key.   If  it  is
                     "max", the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `usiz' specifies the size of the region of the upper key.
                     `max'  specifies  the  maximum  number  of  keys  to  be  fetched.  If it is
                     negative, no limit is specified.
                     The return value is a list object of the corresponding decimal  keys.   This
                     function  does  never  fail.   It  returns  an  empty  list  even  if no key
                     corresponds.
                     Because the object  of  the  return  value  is  created  with  the  function
                     `tclistnew',  it  should be deleted with the function `tclistdel' when it is
                     no longer in use.  Note that this function may be very  slow  because  every
                     key in the database is scanned.

       The  function  `tcfdbrange3'  is  used  in  order  to get range matching decimal keys with
       strings in a fixed-length database object.

              TCLIST *tcfdbrange3(TCFDB *fdb, const char *lstr, const char *ustr, int max);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `lstr' specifies the string of the lower key.  If it is "min",  the  minimum
                     ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `ustr'  specifies  the string of the upper key.  If it is "max", the maximum
                     ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `max' specifies the maximum  number  of  keys  to  be  fetched.   If  it  is
                     negative, no limit is specified.
                     The  return  value is a list object of the corresponding decimal keys.  This
                     function does never  fail.   It  returns  an  empty  list  even  if  no  key
                     corresponds.
                     Because  the  object  of  the  return  value  is  created  with the function
                     `tclistnew', it should be deleted with the function `tclistdel' when  it  is
                     no  longer  in  use.  Note that this function may be very slow because every
                     key in the database is scanned.

       The function `tcfdbrange4' is used in order to get keys with an  interval  notation  in  a
       fixed-length database object.

              TCLIST *tcfdbrange4(TCFDB *fdb, const void *ibuf, int isiz, int max);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `ibuf' specifies the pointer to the region of the interval notation.
                     `isiz' specifies the size of the region of the interval notation.
                     `max'  specifies  the  maximum  number  of  keys  to  be  fetched.  If it is
                     negative, no limit is specified.
                     The return value is a list object of the corresponding decimal  keys.   This
                     function  does  never  fail.   It  returns  an  empty  list  even  if no key
                     corresponds.
                     Because the object  of  the  return  value  is  created  with  the  function
                     `tclistnew',  it  should be deleted with the function `tclistdel' when it is
                     no longer in use.  Note that this function may be very  slow  because  every
                     key in the database is scanned.

       The  function  `tcfdbrange5' is used in order to get keys with an interval notation string
       in a fixed-length database object.

              TCLIST *tcfdbrange5(TCFDB *fdb, const void *istr, int max);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `istr' specifies the pointer to the region of the interval notation string.
                     `max' specifies the maximum  number  of  keys  to  be  fetched.   If  it  is
                     negative, no limit is specified.
                     The  return  value is a list object of the corresponding decimal keys.  This
                     function does never  fail.   It  returns  an  empty  list  even  if  no  key
                     corresponds.
                     Because  the  object  of  the  return  value  is  created  with the function
                     `tclistnew', it should be deleted with the function `tclistdel' when  it  is
                     no  longer  in  use.  Note that this function may be very slow because every
                     key in the database is scanned.

       The function `tcfdbaddint' is  used  in  order  to  add  an  integer  to  a  record  in  a
       fixed-length database object.

              int tcfdbaddint(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id, int num);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `id'  specifies  the  ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.  If it is
                     `FDBIDMIN', the minimum ID number of existing records is specified.   If  it
                     is  `FDBIDPREV',  the  number  less  by  one  than  the minimum ID number of
                     existing records is specified.  If it is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum  ID  number
                     of  existing records is specified.  If it is `FDBIDNEXT', the number greater
                     by one than the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `num' specifies the additional value.
                     If successful, the  return  value  is  the  summation  value,  else,  it  is
                     `INT_MIN'.
                     If  the  corresponding record exists, the value is treated as an integer and
                     is added to.  If no record corresponds, a new record of the additional value
                     is stored.

       The  function  `tcfdbadddouble'  is  used  in  order to add a real number to a record in a
       fixed-length database object.

              double tcfdbadddouble(TCFDB *fdb, int64_t id, double num);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `id' specifies the ID  number.   It  should  be  more  than  0.   If  it  is
                     `FDBIDMIN',  the  minimum ID number of existing records is specified.  If it
                     is `FDBIDPREV', the number less  by  one  than  the  minimum  ID  number  of
                     existing  records  is specified.  If it is `FDBIDMAX', the maximum ID number
                     of existing records is specified.  If it is `FDBIDNEXT', the number  greater
                     by one than the maximum ID number of existing records is specified.
                     `num' specifies the additional value.
                     If  successful,  the  return  value  is  the  summation  value,  else, it is
                     Not-a-Number.
                     If the corresponding record exists, the value is treated as  a  real  number
                     and  is  added to.  If no record corresponds, a new record of the additional
                     value is stored.

       The  function  `tcfdbsync'  is  used  in  order  to  synchronize  updated  contents  of  a
       fixed-length database object with the file and the device.

              bool tcfdbsync(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     This  function  is useful when another process connects to the same database
                     file.

       The function `tcfdboptimize' is used in order to  optimize  the  file  of  a  fixed-length
       database object.

              bool tcfdboptimize(TCFDB *fdb, int32_t width, int64_t limsiz);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     `width'  specifies the width of the value of each record.  If it is not more
                     than 0, the current setting is not changed.
                     `limsiz' specifies the limit size of the database file.  If it is  not  more
                     than 0, the current setting is not changed.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.

       The  function  `tcfdbvanish'  is  used  in  order  to remove all records of a fixed-length
       database object.

              bool tcfdbvanish(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.

       The function `tcfdbcopy' is used in order to copy the  database  file  of  a  fixed-length
       database object.

              bool tcfdbcopy(TCFDB *fdb, const char *path);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     `path'  specifies  the path of the destination file.  If it begins with `@',
                     the trailing substring is executed as a command line.
                     If successful, the return value is  true,  else,  it  is  false.   False  is
                     returned if the executed command returns non-zero code.
                     The  database file is assured to be kept synchronized and not modified while
                     the copying or executing operation is in progress.   So,  this  function  is
                     useful to create a backup file of the database file.

       The  function `tcfdbtranbegin' is used in order to begin the transaction of a fixed-length
       database object.

              bool tcfdbtranbegin(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     The database is locked by the thread while the transaction so that only  one
                     transaction can be activated with a database object at the same time.  Thus,
                     the serializable isolation level is assumed if every database  operation  is
                     performed  in  the  transaction.   All  updated regions are kept track of by
                     write ahead logging while the transaction.  If the database is closed during
                     transaction, the transaction is aborted implicitly.

       The  function  `tcfdbtrancommit'  is  used  in  order  to  commit  the  transaction  of  a
       fixed-length database object.

              bool tcfdbtrancommit(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     Update in the transaction is fixed when it is committed successfully.

       The function `tcfdbtranabort' is used in order to abort the transaction of a  fixed-length
       database object.

              bool tcfdbtranabort(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object connected as a writer.
                     If successful, the return value is true, else, it is false.
                     Update in the transaction is discarded when it is aborted.  The state of the
                     database is rollbacked to before transaction.

       The function `tcfdbpath' is used in order to get the file path of a fixed-length  database
       object.

              const char *tcfdbpath(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     The  return  value  is the path of the database file or `NULL' if the object
                     does not connect to any database file.

       The function `tcfdbrnum' is used in order to get the number of records of  a  fixed-length
       database object.

              uint64_t tcfdbrnum(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     The  return  value  is  the  number  of  records or 0 if the object does not
                     connect to any database file.

       The function `tcfdbfsiz' is used in order to get the  size  of  the  database  file  of  a
       fixed-length database object.

              uint64_t tcfdbfsiz(TCFDB *fdb);
                     `fdb' specifies the fixed-length database object.
                     The  return  value  is the size of the database file or 0 if the object does
                     not connect to any database file.

SEE ALSO

       tcftest(1), tcfmttest(1), tcfmgr(1), tokyocabinet(3)