Provided by: crmsh_4.3.1-1ubuntu3_all bug

NAME

       crm - Pacemaker command line interface for configuration and management

SYNOPSIS

       crm [OPTIONS] [SUBCOMMAND ARGS...]

DESCRIPTION

       The crm shell is a command-line based cluster configuration and management tool. Its goal
       is to assist as much as possible with the configuration and maintenance of Pacemaker-based
       High Availability clusters.

       For more information on Pacemaker itself, see http://clusterlabs.org/.

       crm works both as a command-line tool to be called directly from the system shell, and as
       an interactive shell with extensive tab completion and help.

       The primary focus of the crm shell is to provide a simplified and consistent interface to
       Pacemaker, but it also provides tools for managing the creation and configuration of High
       Availability clusters from scratch. To learn more about this aspect of crm, see the
       cluster section below.

       The crm shell can be used to manage every aspect of configuring and maintaining a cluster.
       It provides a simplified line-based syntax on top of the XML configuration format used by
       Pacemaker, commands for starting and stopping resources, tools for exploring the history
       of a cluster including log scraping and a set of cluster scripts useful for automating the
       setup and installation of services on the cluster nodes.

       The crm shell is line oriented: every command must start and finish on the same line. It
       is possible to use a continuation character (\) to write one command in two or more lines.
       The continuation character is commonly used when displaying configurations.

OPTIONS

       -f, --file=FILE
           Load commands from the given file. If a dash - is used in place of a file name, crm
           will read commands from the shell standard input (stdin).

       -c, --cib=CIB
           Start the session using the given shadow CIB file. Equivalent to cib use <CIB>.

       -D, --display=OUTPUT_TYPE
           Choose one of the output options: plain, color-always, color, or uppercase. The
           default is color if the terminal emulation supports colors. Otherwise, plain is used.

       -F, --force
           Make crm proceed with applying changes where it would normally ask the user to confirm
           before proceeding. This option is mainly useful in scripts, and should be used with
           care.

       -w, --wait
           Make crm wait for the cluster transition to finish (for the changes to take effect)
           after each processed line.

       -H, --history=DIR|FILE|SESSION
           A directory or file containing a cluster report to load into the history commands, or
           the name of a previously saved history session.

       -h, --help
           Print help page.

       --version
           Print crmsh version and build information (Mercurial Hg changeset hash).

       -d, --debug
           Print verbose debugging information.

       -R, --regression-tests
           Enables extra verbose trace logging used by the regression tests. Logs all external
           calls made by crmsh.

       --scriptdir=DIR
           Extra directory where crm looks for cluster scripts, or a list of directories
           separated by semi-colons (e.g.  /dir1;/dir2;etc.).

       -o, --opt=OPTION=VALUE
           Set crmsh option temporarily. If the options are saved using options save then the
           value passed here will also be saved. Multiple options can be set by using -o multiple
           times.

INTRODUCTION

       This section of the user guide covers general topics about the user interface and
       describes some of the features of crmsh in detail.

   User interface
       The main purpose of crmsh is to provide a simple yet powerful interface to the cluster
       stack. There are two main modes of operation with the user interface of crmsh:

       •   Command line (single-shot) use - Use crm as a regular UNIX command from your usual
           shell.  crm has full bash completion built in, so using it in this manner should be as
           comfortable and familiar as using any other command-line tool.

       •   Interactive mode - By calling crm without arguments, or by calling it with only a
           sublevel as argument, crm enters the interactive mode. In this mode, it acts as its
           own command shell, which remembers which sublevel you are currently in and allows for
           rapid and convenient execution of multiple commands within the same sublevel. This
           mode also has full tab completion, as well as built-in interactive help and syntax
           highlighting.

       Here are a few examples of using crm both as a command-line tool and as an interactive
       shell:

       Command line (one-shot) use:.

           # crm resource stop www_app

       Interactive use:.

           # crm
           crm(live)# resource
           crm(live)resource# unmanage tetris_1
           crm(live)resource# up
           crm(live)# node standby node4

       Cluster configuration:.

           # crm configure<<EOF
             #
             # resources
             #
             primitive disk0 iscsi \
               params portal=192.168.2.108:3260 target=iqn.2008-07.com.suse:disk0
             primitive fs0 Filesystem \
               params device=/dev/disk/by-label/disk0 directory=/disk0 fstype=ext3
             primitive internal_ip IPaddr params ip=192.168.1.101
             primitive apache apache \
               params configfile=/disk0/etc/apache2/site0.conf
             primitive apcfence stonith:apcsmart \
               params ttydev=/dev/ttyS0 hostlist="node1 node2" \
               op start timeout=60s
             primitive pingd pingd \
               params name=pingd dampen=5s multiplier=100 host_list="r1 r2"
             #
             # monitor apache and the UPS
             #
             monitor apache 60s:30s
             monitor apcfence 120m:60s
             #
             # cluster layout
             #
             group internal_www \
               disk0 fs0 internal_ip apache
             clone fence apcfence \
               meta globally-unique=false clone-max=2 clone-node-max=1
             clone conn pingd \
               meta globally-unique=false clone-max=2 clone-node-max=1
             location node_pref internal_www \
               rule 50: #uname eq node1 \
               rule pingd: defined pingd
             #
             # cluster properties
             #
             property stonith-enabled=true
             commit
           EOF

       The crm interface is hierarchical, with commands organized into separate levels by
       functionality. To list the available levels and commands, either execute help <level>, or,
       if at the top level of the shell, simply typing help will provide an overview of all
       available levels and commands.

       The (live) string in the crm prompt signifies that the current CIB in use is the cluster
       live configuration. It is also possible to work with so-called shadow CIBs. These are
       separate, inactive configurations stored in files, that can be applied and thereby replace
       the live configuration at any time.

   Tab completion
       The crm makes extensive use of tab completion. The completion is both static (i.e. for crm
       commands) and dynamic. The latter takes into account the current status of the cluster or
       information from installed resource agents. Sometimes, completion may also be used to get
       short help on resource parameters. Here are a few examples:

           crm(live)resource# <TAB><TAB>
           ban           demote        maintenance   param         scores        trace
           cd            failcount     manage        promote       secret        unmanage
           cleanup       help          meta          quit          start         untrace
           clear         locate        move          refresh       status        up
           constraints   ls            operations    restart       stop          utilization

           crm(live)configure# primitive fence-1 <TAB><TAB>
           lsb:      ocf:      service:  stonith:  systemd:

           crm(live)configure# primitive fence-1 stonith:<TAB><TAB>
           apcmaster                external/ippower9258     fence_legacy
           apcmastersnmp            external/kdumpcheck      ibmhmc
           apcsmart                 external/libvirt         ipmilan

           crm(live)configure# primitive fence-1 stonith:ipmilan params <TAB><TAB>
           auth=      hostname=  ipaddr=    login=     password=  port=      priv=

           crm(live)configure# primitive fence-1 stonith:ipmilan params auth=<TAB><TAB>
           auth* (string)
               The authorization type of the IPMI session ("none", "straight", "md2", or "md5")

       crmsh also comes with bash completion usable directly from the system shell. This should
       be installed automatically with the command itself.

   Shorthand syntax
       When using the crm shell to manage clusters, you will end up typing a lot of commands many
       times over. Clear command names like configure help in understanding and learning to use
       the cluster shell, but is easy to misspell and is tedious to type repeatedly. The
       interactive mode and tab completion both help with this, but the crm shell also has the
       ability to understand a variety of shorthand aliases for all of the commands.

       For example, instead of typing crm status, you can type crm st or crm stat. Instead of crm
       configure you can type crm cfg or even crm cf. crm resource can be shorted as crm rsc, and
       so on.

       The exact list of accepted aliases is too long to print in full, but experimentation and
       typoes should help in discovering more of them.

FEATURES

       The feature set of crmsh covers a wide range of functionality, and understanding how and
       when to use the various features of the shell can be difficult. This section of the guide
       describes some of the features and use cases of crmsh in more depth. The intention is to
       provide a deeper understanding of these features, but also to serve as a guide to using
       them.

   Shadow CIB usage
       A Shadow CIB is a normal cluster configuration stored in a file. They may be manipulated
       in much the same way as the live CIB, with the key difference that changes to a shadow CIB
       have no effect on the actual cluster resources. An administrator may choose to apply any
       of them to the cluster, thus replacing the running configuration with the one found in the
       shadow CIB.

       The crm prompt always contains the name of the configuration which is currently in use, or
       the string live if using the live cluster configuration.

       When editing the configuration in the configure level, no changes are actually applied
       until the commit command is executed. It is possible to start editing a configuration as
       usual, but instead of committing the changes to the active CIB, save them to a shadow CIB.

       The following example configure session demonstrates how this can be done:

           crm(live)configure# cib new test-2
           INFO: test-2 shadow CIB created
           crm(test-2)configure# commit

   Configuration semantic checks
       Resource definitions may be checked against the meta-data provided with the resource
       agents. These checks are currently carried out:

       •   are required parameters set

       •   existence of defined parameters

       •   timeout values for operations

       The parameter checks are obvious and need no further explanation. Failures in these checks
       are treated as configuration errors.

       The timeouts for operations should be at least as long as those recommended in the
       meta-data. Too short timeout values are a common mistake in cluster configurations and,
       even worse, they often slip through if cluster testing was not thorough. Though operation
       timeouts issues are treated as warnings, make sure that the timeouts are usable in your
       environment. Note also that the values given are just advisory minimum---your resources
       may require longer timeouts.

       User may tune the frequency of checks and the treatment of errors by the check-frequency
       and check-mode preferences.

       Note that if the check-frequency is set to always and the check-mode to strict, errors are
       not tolerated and such configuration cannot be saved.

   Configuration templates
       Deprecation note

       Configuration templates have been deprecated in favor of the more capable cluster scripts.
       To learn how to use cluster scripts, see the dedicated documentation on the crmsh website
       at http://crmsh.github.io/, or in the Script section.

       Configuration templates are ready made configurations created by cluster experts. They are
       designed in such a way so that users may generate valid cluster configurations with
       minimum effort. If you are new to Pacemaker, templates may be the best way to start.

       We will show here how to create a simple yet functional Apache configuration:

           # crm configure
           crm(live)configure# template
           crm(live)configure template# list templates
           apache       filesystem   virtual-ip
           crm(live)configure template# new web <TAB><TAB>
           apache       filesystem   virtual-ip
           crm(live)configure template# new web apache
           INFO: pulling in template apache
           INFO: pulling in template virtual-ip
           crm(live)configure template# list
           web2-d       web2     vip2     web3     vip      web

       We enter the template level from configure. Use the list command to show templates
       available on the system. The new command creates a configuration from the apache template.
       You can use tab completion to pick templates. Note that the apache template depends on a
       virtual IP address which is automatically pulled along. The list command shows the just
       created web configuration, among other configurations (I hope that you, unlike me, will
       use more sensible and descriptive names).

       The show command, which displays the resulting configuration, may be used to get an idea
       about the minimum required changes which have to be done. All ERROR messages show the line
       numbers in which the respective parameters are to be defined:

           crm(live)configure template# show
           ERROR: 23: required parameter ip not set
           ERROR: 61: required parameter id not set
           ERROR: 65: required parameter configfile not set
           crm(live)configure template# edit

       The edit command invokes the preferred text editor with the web configuration. At the top
       of the file, the user is advised how to make changes. A good template should require from
       the user to specify only parameters. For example, the web configuration we created above
       has the following required and optional parameters (all parameter lines start with %%):

           $ grep -n ^%% ~/.crmconf/web
           23:%% ip
           31:%% netmask
           35:%% lvs_support
           61:%% id
           65:%% configfile
           71:%% options
           76:%% envfiles

       These lines are the only ones that should be modified. Simply append the parameter value
       at the end of the line. For instance, after editing this template, the result could look
       like this (we used tabs instead of spaces to make the values stand out):

           $ grep -n ^%% ~/.crmconf/web
           23:%% ip        192.168.1.101
           31:%% netmask
           35:%% lvs_support
           61:%% id        websvc
           65:%% configfile    /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
           71:%% options
           76:%% envfiles

       As you can see, the parameter line format is very simple:

           %% <name> <value>

       After editing the file, use show again to display the configuration:

           crm(live)configure template# show
           primitive virtual-ip IPaddr \
               params ip=192.168.1.101
           primitive apache apache \
               params configfile="/etc/apache2/httpd.conf"
           monitor apache 120s:60s
           group websvc \
               apache virtual-ip

       The target resource of the apache template is a group which we named websvc in this sample
       session.

       This configuration looks exactly as you could type it at the configure level. The point of
       templates is to save you some typing. It is important, however, to understand the
       configuration produced.

       Finally, the configuration may be applied to the current crm configuration (note how the
       configuration changed slightly, though it is still equivalent, after being digested at the
       configure level):

           crm(live)configure template# apply
           crm(live)configure template# cd ..
           crm(live)configure# show
           node xen-b
           node xen-c
           primitive apache apache \
               params configfile="/etc/apache2/httpd.conf" \
               op monitor interval=120s timeout=60s
           primitive virtual-ip IPaddr \
               params ip=192.168.1.101
           group websvc apache virtual-ip

       Note that this still does not commit the configuration to the CIB which is used in the
       shell, either the running one (live) or some shadow CIB. For that you still need to
       execute the commit command.

       To complete our example, we should also define the preferred node to run the service:

           crm(live)configure# location websvc-pref websvc 100: xen-b

       If you are not happy with some resource names which are provided by default, you can
       rename them now:

           crm(live)configure# rename virtual-ip intranet-ip
           crm(live)configure# show
           node xen-b
           node xen-c
           primitive apache apache \
               params configfile="/etc/apache2/httpd.conf" \
               op monitor interval=120s timeout=60s
           primitive intranet-ip IPaddr \
               params ip=192.168.1.101
           group websvc apache intranet-ip
           location websvc-pref websvc 100: xen-b

       To summarize, working with templates typically consists of the following steps:

       •   new: create a new configuration from templates

       •   edit: define parameters, at least the required ones

       •   show: see if the configuration is valid

       •   apply: apply the configuration to the configure level

   Resource testing
       The amount of detail in a cluster makes all configurations prone to errors. By far the
       largest number of issues in a cluster is due to bad resource configuration. The shell can
       help quickly diagnose such problems. And considerably reduce your keyboard wear.

       Let’s say that we entered the following configuration:

           node xen-b
           node xen-c
           node xen-d
           primitive fencer stonith:external/libvirt \
               params hypervisor_uri="qemu+tcp://10.2.13.1/system" \
                   hostlist="xen-b xen-c xen-d" \
               op monitor interval=2h
           primitive svc Xinetd \
               params service=systat \
               op monitor interval=30s
           primitive intranet-ip IPaddr2 \
               params ip=10.2.13.100 \
               op monitor interval=30s
           primitive apache apache \
               params configfile="/etc/apache2/httpd.conf" \
               op monitor interval=120s timeout=60s
           group websvc apache intranet-ip
           location websvc-pref websvc 100: xen-b

       Before typing commit to submit the configuration to the cib we can make sure that all
       resources are usable on all nodes:

           crm(live)configure# rsctest websvc svc fencer

       It is important that resources being tested are not running on any nodes. Otherwise, the
       rsctest command will refuse to do anything. Of course, if the current configuration
       resides in a CIB shadow, then a commit is irrelevant. The point being that resources are
       not running on any node.  Note on stopping all resources

       Alternatively to not committing a configuration, it is also possible to tell Pacemaker not
       to start any resources:

           crm(live)configure# property stop-all-resources=yes

       Almost none---resources of class stonith are still started. But shell is not as strict
       when it comes to stonith resources.

       Order of resources is significant insofar that a resource depends on all resources to its
       left. In most configurations, it’s probably practical to test resources in several runs,
       based on their dependencies.

       Apart from groups, crm does not interpret constraints and therefore knows nothing about
       resource dependencies. It also doesn’t know if a resource can run on a node at all in case
       of an asymmetric cluster. It is up to the user to specify a list of eligible nodes if a
       resource is not meant to run on every node.

   Access Control Lists (ACL)
       Note on ACLs in Pacemaker 1.1.12

       The support for ACLs has been revised in Pacemaker version 1.1.12 and up. Depending on
       which version you are using, the information in this section may no longer be accurate.
       Look for the acl_target configuration element for more details on the new syntax.

       By default, the users from the haclient group have full access to the cluster (or, more
       precisely, to the CIB). Access control lists allow for finer access control to the
       cluster.

       Access control lists consist of an ordered set of access rules. Each rule allows read or
       write access or denies access completely. Rules are typically combined to produce a
       specific role. Then, users may be assigned a role.

       For instance, this is a role which defines a set of rules allowing management of a single
       resource:

           role bigdb_admin \
               write meta:bigdb:target-role \
               write meta:bigdb:is-managed \
               write location:bigdb \
               read ref:bigdb

       The first two rules allow modifying the target-role and is-managed meta attributes which
       effectively enables users in this role to stop/start and manage/unmanage the resource. The
       constraints write access rule allows moving the resource around. Finally, the user is
       granted read access to the resource definition.

       For proper operation of all Pacemaker programs, it is advisable to add the following role
       to all users:

           role read_all \
               read cib

       For finer grained read access try with the rules listed in the following role:

           role basic_read \
               read node attribute:uname \
               read node attribute:type \
               read property \
               read status

       It is however possible that some Pacemaker programs (e.g. ptest) may not function
       correctly if the whole CIB is not readable.

       Some of the ACL rules in the examples above are expanded by the shell to XPath
       specifications. For instance, meta:bigdb:target-role expands to:

           //primitive[@id='bigdb']/meta_attributes/nvpair[@name='target-role']

       You can see the expansion by showing XML:

           crm(live) configure# show xml bigdb_admin
           ...
           <acls>
             <acl_role id="bigdb_admin">
                 <write id="bigdb_admin-write"
                 xpath="//primitive[@id='bigdb']/meta_attributes/nvpair[@name='target-role']"/>

       Many different XPath expressions can have equal meaning. For instance, the following two
       are equal, but only the first one is going to be recognized as shortcut:

           //primitive[@id='bigdb']/meta_attributes/nvpair[@name='target-role']
           //resources/primitive[@id='bigdb']/meta_attributes/nvpair[@name='target-role']

       XPath is a powerful language, but you should try to keep your ACL xpaths simple and the
       builtin shortcuts should be used whenever possible.

   Syntax: Resource sets
       Using resource sets can be a bit confusing unless one knows the details of the
       implementation in Pacemaker as well as how to interpret the syntax provided by crmsh.

       Three different types of resource sets are provided by crmsh, and each one implies
       different values for the two resource set attributes, sequential and require-all.

       sequential
           If false, the resources in the set do not depend on each other internally. Setting
           sequential to true implies a strict order of dependency within the set.

       require-all
           If false, only one resource in the set is required to fulfil the requirements of the
           set. The set of A, B and C with require-all set to false is be read as "A OR B OR C"
           when its dependencies are resolved.

       The three types of resource sets modify the attributes in the following way:

        1. Implicit sets (no brackets).  sequential=true, require-all=true

        2. Parenthesis set (( ...  )).  sequential=false, require-all=true

        3. Bracket set ([ ...  ]).  sequential=false, require-all=false

       To create a set with the properties sequential=true and require-all=false, explicitly set
       sequential in a bracketed set, [ A B C sequential=true ].

       To create multiple sets with both sequential and require-all set to true, explicitly set
       sequential in a parenthesis set: A B ( C D sequential=true ).

   Syntax: Attribute list references
       Attribute lists are used to set attributes and parameters for resources, constraints and
       property definitions. For example, to set the virtual IP used by an IPAddr2 resource the
       attribute ip can be set in an attribute list for that resource.

       Attribute lists can have identifiers that name them, and other resources can reuse the
       same attribute list by referring to that name using an $id-ref. For example, the following
       statement defines a simple dummy resource with an attribute list which sets the parameter
       state to the value 1 and sets the identifier for the attribute list to on-state:

           primitive dummy-1 Dummy params $id=on-state state=1

       To refer to this attribute list from a different resource, refer to the on-state name
       using an id-ref:

           primitive dummy-2 Dummy params $id-ref=on-state

       The resource dummy-2 will now also have the parameter state set to the value 1.

   Syntax: Attribute references
       In some cases, referencing complete attribute lists is too coarse-grained, for example if
       two different parameters with different names should have the same value set. Instead of
       having to copy the value in multiple places, it is possible to create references to
       individual attributes in attribute lists.

       To name an attribute in order to be able to refer to it later, prefix the attribute name
       with a $ character (as seen above with the special names $id and $id-ref:

           primitive dummy-1 Dummy params $state=1

       The identifier state can now be used to refer to this attribute from other primitives,
       using the @<id> syntax:

           primitive dummy-2 Dummy params @state

       In some cases, using the attribute name as the identifier doesn’t work due to name
       clashes. In this case, the syntax $<id>:<name>=<value> can be used to give the attribute a
       different identifier:

           primitive dummy-1 params $dummy-state-on:state=1
           primitive dummy-2 params @dummy-state-on

       There is also the possibility that two resources both use the same attribute value but
       with different names. For example, a web server may have a parameter server_ip for setting
       the IP address where it listens for incoming requests, and a virtual IP resource may have
       a parameter called ip which sets the IP address it creates. To configure these two
       resources with an IP without repeating the value, the reference can be given a name using
       the syntax @<id>:<name>.

       Example:

           primitive virtual-ip IPaddr2 params $vip:ip=192.168.1.100
           primitive webserver apache params @vip:server_ip

   Syntax: Rule expressions
       Many of the configuration commands in crmsh now support the use of rule expressions, which
       can influence what attributes apply to a resource or under which conditions a constraint
       is applied, depending on changing conditions like date, time, the value of attributes and
       more.

       Here is an example of a simple rule expression used to apply a a different resource
       parameter on the node named node1:

           primitive my_resource Special \
             params 2: rule #uname eq node1 interface=eth1 \
             params 1: interface=eth0

       This primitive resource has two lists of parameters with descending priority. The
       parameter list with the highest priority is applied first, but only if the rule
       expressions for that parameter list all apply. In this case, the rule #uname eq node1
       limits the parameter list so that it is only applied on node1.

       Note that rule expressions are not terminated and are immediately followed by the data to
       which the rule is applied. In this case, the name-value pair interface=eth1.

       Rule expressions can contain multiple expressions connected using the boolean operator or
       and and. The full syntax for rule expressions is listed below.

           rules ::
             rule [id_spec] [$role=<role>] <score>: <expression>
             [rule [id_spec] [$role=<role>] <score>: <expression> ...]

           id_spec :: $id=<id> | $id-ref=<id>
           score :: <number> | <attribute> | [-]inf
           expression :: <simple_exp> [<bool_op> <simple_exp> ...]
           bool_op :: or | and
           simple_exp :: <attribute> [type:]<binary_op> <value>
                     | <unary_op> <attribute>
                     | date <date_expr>
           type :: <string> | <version> | <number>
           binary_op :: lt | gt | lte | gte | eq | ne
           unary_op :: defined | not_defined

           date_expr :: lt <end>
                    | gt <start>
                    | in start=<start> end=<end>
                    | in start=<start> <duration>
                    | spec <date_spec>
           duration|date_spec ::
                    hours=<value>
                    | monthdays=<value>
                    | weekdays=<value>
                    | yearsdays=<value>
                    | months=<value>
                    | weeks=<value>
                    | years=<value>
                    | weekyears=<value>
                    | moon=<value>

LIFETIME PARAMETER FORMAT

       Lifetimes can be specified in the ISO 8601 time format or the ISO 8601 duration format. To
       distinguish between months and minutes, use the PT prefix before specifying minutes. The
       duration format is one of PnYnMnDTnHnMnS, PnW, P<date>T<time>.

       P = duration. Y = year. M = month. W = week. D = day. T = time. H = hour. M = minute. S =
       second.

       Examples:

           PT5M = 5 minutes later.
           3D = 3 days later.
           PT1H = 1 hour later.

       The cluster checks lifetimes at an interval defined by the cluster-recheck-interval
       property (default 15 minutes).

COMMAND REFERENCE

       The commands are structured to be compatible with the shell command line. Sometimes, the
       underlying Pacemaker grammar uses characters that have special meaning in bash, that will
       need to be quoted. This includes the hash or pound sign (#), single and double quotes, and
       any significant whitespace.

       Whitespace is also significant when assigning values, meaning that key=value is different
       from key = value.

       Commands can be referenced using short-hand as long as the short-hand is unique. This can
       be either a prefix of the command name or a prefix string of characters found in the name.

       For example, status can be abbreviated as st or su, and configure as conf or cfg.

       The syntax for the commands is given below in an informal, BNF-like grammar.

       •   <value> denotes a string.

       •   [value] means that the construct is optional.

       •   The ellipsis (...) signifies that the previous construct may be repeated.

       •   first|second means either first or second.

       •   The rest are literals (strings, :, =).

   status
       Show cluster status. The status is displayed by crm_mon. Supply additional arguments for
       more information or different format. See crm_mon(8) for more details.

       Example:

           status
           status simple
           status full

       Usage:

           status [<option> ...]

           option :: full
                   | bynode
                   | inactive
                   | ops
                   | timing
                   | failcounts
                   | verbose
                   | quiet
                   | html
                   | xml
                   | simple
                   | tickets
                   | noheaders
                   | detail
                   | brief

   verify
       Performs basic checks for the cluster configuration and current status, reporting
       potential issues.

       See crm_verify(8) and crm_simulate(8) for more details.

       Example:

           verify
           verify scores

       Usage:

           verify [scores]

   cluster - Cluster setup and management
       Whole-cluster configuration management with High Availability awareness.

       The commands on the cluster level allows configuration and modification of the underlying
       cluster infrastructure, and also supplies tools to do whole-cluster systems management.

       These commands enable easy installation and maintenance of a HA cluster, by providing
       support for package installation, configuration of the cluster messaging layer, file
       system setup and more.

       add
           See "crm cluster help add" or "crm cluster add --help"

       copy
           Copy file to other cluster nodes.

           Copies the given file to all other nodes unless given a list of nodes to copy to as
           argument.

           Usage:

               copy <filename> [nodes ...]

           Example:

               copy /etc/motd

       diff
           Displays the difference, if any, between a given file on different nodes. If the
           second argument is --checksum, a checksum of the file will be calculated and displayed
           for each node.

           Usage:

               diff <file> [--checksum] [nodes...]

           Example:

               diff /etc/crm/crm.conf node2
               diff /etc/resolv.conf --checksum

       disable
           Disable the cluster-related system services on this node.

           Usage:

               disable

       enable
           Enable the cluster-related system services on this node.

           Usage:

               enable

       geo-init
           See "crm cluster help geo_init" or "crm cluster geo_init --help"

       geo-init-arbitrator
           See "crm cluster help geo_init_arbitrator" or "crm cluster geo_init_arbitrator --help"

       geo-join
           See "crm cluster help geo_join" or "crm cluster geo_join --help"

       health
           Runs a larger set of tests and queries on all nodes in the cluster to verify the
           general system health and detect potential problems.

           Usage:

               health

       init
           See "crm cluster help init" or "crm cluster init --help"

       join
           See "crm cluster help join" or "crm cluster join --help"

       remove
           See "crm cluster help remove" or "crm cluster remove --help"

       crash_test
           See "crm cluster help crash_test" or "crm cluster crash_test --help"

       restart
           Restarts the cluster-related system services on this node.

           Usage:

               restart

       rename
           Rename the cluster name

           Usage:

               rename <new_cluster_name>

       run
           This command takes a shell statement as argument, executes that statement on all nodes
           in the cluster or a specific node, and reports the result.

           Usage:

               run <command> [node ...]

           Example:

               run "cat /proc/uptime"
               run "ls" node1 node2

       start
           Starts the cluster-related system services on this node.

           Usage:

               start

       status
           Reports the status for the cluster messaging layer on the local node.

           Usage:

               status

       stop
           Stops the cluster-related system services on this node.

           Usage:

               stop

       wait_for_startup
           Mostly useful in scripts or automated workflows, this command will attempt to connect
           to the local cluster node repeatedly. The command will keep trying until the cluster
           node responds, or the timeout elapses. The timeout can be changed by supplying a value
           in seconds as an argument.

           Usage:

               wait_for_startup

   script - Cluster script management
       A big part of the configuration and management of a cluster is collecting information
       about all cluster nodes and deploying changes to those nodes. Often, just performing the
       same procedure on all nodes will encounter problems, due to subtle differences in the
       configuration.

       For example, when configuring a cluster for the first time, the software needs to be
       installed and configured on all nodes before the cluster software can be launched and
       configured using crmsh. This process is cumbersome and error-prone, and the goal is for
       scripts to make this process easier.

       Scripts are implemented using the python parallax package which provides a thin wrapper on
       top of SSH. This allows the scripts to function through the usual SSH channels used for
       system maintenance, requiring no additional software to be installed or maintained.

       json
           This command provides a JSON API for the cluster scripts, intended for use in user
           interface tools that want to interact with the cluster via scripts.

           The command takes a single argument, which should be a JSON array with the first
           member identifying the command to perform.

           The output is line-based: Commands that return multiple results will return them
           line-by-line, ending with a terminator value: "end".

           When providing parameter values to this command, they should be provided as nested
           objects, so virtual-ip:ip=192.168.0.5 on the command line becomes the JSON object
           {"virtual-ip":{"ip":"192.168.0.5"}}.

           API:

               ["list"]
               => [{name, shortdesc, category}]

               ["show", <name>]
               => [{name, shortdesc, longdesc, category, <<steps>>}]

               <<steps>> := [{name, shortdesc], longdesc, required, parameters, steps}]

               <<params>> := [{name, shortdesc, longdesc, required, unique, advanced,
                               type, value, example}]

               ["verify", <name>, <<values>>]
               => [{shortdesc, longdesc, text, nodes}]

               ["run", <name>, <<values>>]
               => [{shortdesc, rc, output|error}]

       list
           Lists the available scripts, sorted by category. Scripts that have the special Script
           category are hidden by default, since they are mainly used by other scripts or
           commands. To also show these, pass all as argument.

           To get a flat list of script names, not sorted by category, pass names as an extra
           argument.

           Usage:

               list [all] [names]

           Example:

               list
               list all names

       run
           Given a list of parameter values, this command will execute the actions specified by
           the cluster script. The format for the parameter values is the same as for the verify
           command.

           Can optionally take at least two parameters: * nodes=<nodes>: List of nodes that the
           script runs over * dry_run=yes|no: If set, the script will not perform any
           modifications.

           Additional parameters may be available depending on the script.

           Use the show command to see what parameters are available.

           Usage:

               run <script> [args...]

           Example:

               run apache install=true
               run sbd id=sbd-1 node=node1 sbd_device=/dev/disk/by-uuid/F00D-CAFE

       show
           Prints a description and short summary of the script, with descriptions of the
           accepted parameters.

           Advanced parameters are hidden by default. To show the complete list of parameters
           accepted by the script, pass all as argument.

           Usage:

               show <script> [all]

           Example:

               show virtual-ip

       verify
           Checks the given parameter values, and returns a list of actions that will be executed
           when running the script if provided the same list of parameter values.

           Usage:

               verify <script> [args...]

           Example:

               verify sbd id=sbd-1 node=node1 sbd_device=/dev/disk/by-uuid/F00D-CAFE

   corosync - Corosync management
       Corosync is the underlying messaging layer for most HA clusters. This level provides
       commands for editing and managing the corosync configuration.

       add-node
           Adds a node to the corosync configuration. This is used with the udpu type
           configuration in corosync.

           A nodeid for the added node is generated automatically.

           Note that this command assumes that only a single ring is used, and sets only the
           address for ring0.

           Usage:

               add-node <addr> [name]

       del-node
           Removes a node from the corosync configuration. The argument given is the ring0_addr
           address set in the configuration file.

           Usage:

               del-node <addr>

       diff
           Diffs the corosync configurations on different nodes. If no nodes are given as
           arguments, the corosync configurations on all nodes in the cluster are compared.

           diff takes an option argument --checksum, to display a checksum for each file instead
           of calculating a diff.

           Usage:

               diff [--checksum] [node...]

       edit
           Opens the Corosync configuration file in an editor.

           Usage:

               edit

       get
           Returns the value configured in corosync.conf, which is not necessarily the value used
           in the running configuration. See reload for telling corosync about configuration
           changes.

           The argument is the complete dot-separated path to the value.

           If there are multiple values configured with the same path, the command returns all
           values for that path. For example, to get all configured ring0_addr values, use this
           command:

           Example:

               get nodelist.node.ring0_addr

       log
           Opens the log file specified in the corosync configuration file. If no log file is
           configured, this command returns an error.

           The pager used can be configured either using the PAGER environment variable or in
           crm.conf.

           Usage:

               log

       pull
           Gets the corosync configuration from another node and copies it to this node.

           Usage:

               pull <node>

       push
           Pushes the corosync configuration file on this node to the list of nodes provided. If
           no target nodes are given, the configuration is pushed to all other nodes in the
           cluster.

           It is recommended to use csync2 to distribute the cluster configuration files rather
           than relying on this command.

           Usage:

               push [node] ...

           Example:

               push node-2 node-3

       reload
           Tells all instances of corosync in this cluster to reload corosync.conf.

           After pushing a new configuration to all cluster nodes, call this command to make
           corosync use the new configuration.

           Usage:

               reload

       set
           Sets the value identified by the given path. If the value does not exist in the
           configuration file, it will be added. However, if the section containing the value
           does not exist, the command will fail.

           Usage:

               set quorum.expected_votes 2

       show
           Displays the corosync configuration on the current node.

               show

       status
           Displays the corosync ring status(default), also can display quorum/qdevice/qnetd
           status.

           Usage:

               status [ring|quorum|qdevice|qnetd]

   cib - CIB shadow management
       This level is for management of shadow CIBs. It is available both at the top level and the
       configure level.

       All the commands are implemented using cib_shadow(8) and the CIB_shadow environment
       variable. The user prompt always includes the name of the currently active shadow or the
       live CIB.

       cibstatus
           Enter edit and manage the CIB status section level. See the CIB status management
           section.

       commit
           Apply a shadow CIB to the cluster. If the shadow name is omitted then the current
           shadow CIB is applied.

           Temporary shadow CIBs are removed automatically on commit.

           Usage:

               commit [<cib>]

       delete
           Delete an existing shadow CIB.

           Usage:

               delete <cib>

       diff
           Print differences between the current cluster configuration and the active shadow CIB.

           Usage:

               diff

       import
           At times it may be useful to create a shadow file from the existing CIB. The CIB may
           be specified as file or as a PE input file number. The shell will look up files in the
           local directory first and then in the PE directory (typically /var/lib/pengine). Once
           the CIB file is found, it is copied to a shadow and this shadow is immediately
           available for use at both configure and cibstatus levels.

           If the shadow name is omitted then the target shadow is named after the input CIB
           file.

           Note that there are often more than one PE input file, so you may need to specify the
           full name.

           Usage:

               import {<file>|<number>} [<shadow>]

           Examples:

               import pe-warn-2222
               import 2289 issue2

       list
           List existing shadow CIBs.

           Usage:

               list

       new
           Create a new shadow CIB. The live cluster configuration and status is copied to the
           shadow CIB.

           If the name of the shadow is omitted, we create a temporary CIB shadow. It is useful
           if multiple level sessions are desired without affecting the cluster. A temporary CIB
           shadow is short lived and will be removed either on commit or on program exit. Note
           that if the temporary shadow is not committed all changes in the temporary shadow are
           lost.

           Specify withstatus if you want to edit the status section of the shadow CIB (see the
           cibstatus section). Add force to force overwriting the existing shadow CIB.

           To start with an empty configuration that is not copied from the live CIB, specify the
           empty keyword. (This also allows a shadow CIB to be created in case no cluster is
           running.)

           Usage:

               new [<cib>] [withstatus] [force] [empty]

       reset
           Copy the current cluster configuration into the shadow CIB.

           Usage:

               reset <cib>

       use
           Choose a CIB source. If you want to edit the status from the shadow CIB specify
           withstatus (see cibstatus). Leave out the CIB name to switch to the running CIB.

           Usage:

               use [<cib>] [withstatus]

   ra - Resource Agents (RA) lists and documentation
       This level contains commands which show various information about the installed resource
       agents. It is available both at the top level and at the configure level.

       classes
           Print all resource agents' classes and, where appropriate, a list of available
           providers.

           Usage:

               classes

       info (meta)
           Show the meta-data of a resource agent type. This is where users can find information
           on how to use a resource agent. It is also possible to get information from some
           programs: pengine, crmd, cib, and stonithd. Just specify the program name instead of
           an RA.

           Usage:

               info [<class>:[<provider>:]]<type>
               info <type> <class> [<provider>] (obsolete)

           Example:

               info apache
               info ocf:pacemaker:Dummy
               info stonith:ipmilan
               info pengine

       list
           List available resource agents for the given class. If the class is ocf, supply a
           provider to get agents which are available only from that provider.

           Usage:

               list <class> [<provider>]

           Example:

               list ocf pacemaker

       providers
           List providers for a resource agent type. The class parameter defaults to ocf.

           Usage:

               providers <type> [<class>]

           Example:

               providers apache

       validate
           If the resource agent supports the validate-all action, this calls the action with the
           given parameters, printing any warnings or errors reported by the agent.

           Usage:

               validate <agent> [<key>=<value> ...]

   resource - Resource management
       At this level resources may be managed.

       All (or almost all) commands are implemented with the CRM tools such as crm_resource(8).

       ban
           Ban a resource from running on a certain node. If no node is given as argument, the
           resource is banned from the current location.

           See move for details on other arguments.

           Usage:

               ban <rsc> [<node>] [<lifetime>] [force]

       cleanup
           If resource has any past failures, clear its history and fail count. Typically done
           after the resource has temporarily failed.

           If a node is omitted, cleanup on all nodes.

           (Pacemaker 1.1.14) Pass force to cleanup the resource itself, otherwise the cleanup
           command will apply to the parent resource (if any).

           Usage:

               cleanup [<rsc>] [<node>] [force]

       clear (unmove, unmigrate, unban)
           Remove any relocation constraint created by the move, migrate or ban command.

           Usage:

               clear <rsc>
               unmigrate <rsc>
               unban <rsc>

       constraints
           Display the location and colocation constraints affecting the resource.

           Usage:

               constraints <rsc>

       demote
           Demote a master-slave resource using the target-role attribute.

           Usage:

               demote <rsc>

       failcount
           Show/edit/delete the failcount of a resource. When set a non-zero value, operation and
           interval should be provided when multiple operation failcount entries exist. interval
           is a value in seconds.

           Usage:

               failcount <rsc> set <node> <value> [operation] [interval]
               failcount <rsc> delete <node>
               failcount <rsc> show <node>

           Example:

               failcount fs_0 delete node2

       locate
           Show the current location of one or more resources.

           Usage:

               locate [<rsc> ...]

       maintenance
           Enables or disables the per-resource maintenance mode. When this mode is enabled, no
           monitor operations will be triggered for the resource. maintenance attribute conflicts
           with the is-managed. When setting the maintenance attribute, the user is proposed to
           remove the is-managed attribute if it exists.

           Usage:

               maintenance <resource> [on|off|true|false]

           Example:

               maintenance rsc1
               maintenance rsc2 off

       manage
           Manage a resource using the is-managed attribute. If there are multiple meta
           attributes sets, the attribute is set in all of them. If the resource is a clone, all
           is-managed attributes are removed from the children resources. is-managed attribute
           conflicts with the maintenance. When setting the is-managed attribute, the user is
           proposed to remove the maintenance attribute if it exists.

           For details on group management see options manage-children.

           Usage:

               manage <rsc>

       meta
           Show/edit/delete a meta attribute of a resource. Currently, all meta attributes of a
           resource may be managed with other commands such as resource stop.

           Usage:

               meta <rsc> set <attr> <value>
               meta <rsc> delete <attr>
               meta <rsc> show <attr>

           Example:

               meta ip_0 set target-role stopped

       move (migrate)
           Move a resource away from its current location.

           If the destination node is left out, the resource is migrated by creating a constraint
           which prevents it from running on the current node. For this type of constraint to be
           created, the force argument is required.

           A lifetime may be given for the constraint. Once it expires, the location constraint
           will no longer be active.

           Usage:

               move <rsc> [<node>] [<lifetime>] [force]

       operations
           Show active operations, optionally filtered by resource and node.

           Usage:

               operations [<rsc>] [<node>]

       param
           Show/edit/delete a parameter of a resource.

           Usage:

               param <rsc> set <param> <value>
               param <rsc> delete <param>
               param <rsc> show <param>

           Example:

               param ip_0 show ip

       promote
           Promote a master-slave resource using the target-role attribute.

           Usage:

               promote <rsc>

       refresh
           Delete resource’s history (including failures) so its current state is rechecked.

           Usage:

               refresh [<rsc>] [<node>] [force]

       restart
           Restart one or more resources. This is essentially a shortcut for resource stop
           followed by a start. The shell is first going to wait for the stop to finish, that is
           for all resources to really stop, and only then to order the start action. Due to this
           command entailing a whole set of operations, informational messages are printed to let
           the user see some progress.

           For details on group management see options manage-children.

           Usage:

               restart <rsc> [<rsc> ...]

           Example:

               # crm resource restart g_webserver
               INFO: ordering g_webserver to stop
               waiting for stop to finish .... done
               INFO: ordering g_webserver to start
               #

       scores
           Display the allocation scores for all resources.

           Usage:

               scores

       secret
           Sensitive parameters can be kept in local files rather than CIB in order to prevent
           accidental data exposure. Use the secret command to manage such parameters. stash and
           unstash move the value from the CIB and back to the CIB respectively. The set
           subcommand sets the parameter to the provided value. delete removes the parameter
           completely. show displays the value of the parameter from the local file. Use check to
           verify if the local file content is valid.

           Usage:

               secret <rsc> set <param> <value>
               secret <rsc> stash <param>
               secret <rsc> unstash <param>
               secret <rsc> delete <param>
               secret <rsc> show <param>
               secret <rsc> check <param>

           Example:

               secret fence_1 show password
               secret fence_1 stash password
               secret fence_1 set password secret_value

       start
           Start one or more resources by setting the target-role attribute. If there are
           multiple meta attributes sets, the attribute is set in all of them. If the resource is
           a clone, all target-role attributes are removed from the children resources.

           For details on group management see options manage-children.

           Usage:

               start <rsc> [<rsc> ...]

       status (show, list)
           Print resource status. More than one resource can be shown at once. If the resource
           parameter is left out, the status of all resources is printed.

           Usage:

               status [<rsc> ...]

       stop
           Stop one or more resources using the target-role attribute. If there are multiple meta
           attributes sets, the attribute is set in all of them. If the resource is a clone, all
           target-role attributes are removed from the children resources.

           For details on group management see options manage-children.

           Usage:

               stop <rsc> [<rsc> ...]

       trace
           Start tracing RA for the given operation. The trace files are stored in
           $HA_VARLIB/trace_ra. If the operation to be traced is monitor, note that the number of
           trace files can grow very quickly.

           If no operation name is given, crmsh will attempt to trace all operations for the RA.
           This includes any configured operations, start and stop as well as promote/demote for
           multistate resources.

           To trace the probe operation which exists for all resources, either set a trace for
           monitor with interval 0, or use probe as the operation name.

           Usage:

               trace <rsc> [<op> [<interval>] ]

           Example:

               trace fs start
               trace webserver
               trace webserver probe
               trace fs monitor 0

       unmanage
           Unmanage a resource using the is-managed attribute. If there are multiple meta
           attributes sets, the attribute is set in all of them. If the resource is a clone, all
           is-managed attributes are removed from the children resources.

           For details on group management see options manage-children.

           Usage:

               unmanage <rsc>

       untrace
           Stop tracing RA for the given operation. If no operation name is given, crmsh will
           attempt to stop tracing all operations in resource.

           Usage:

               untrace <rsc> [<op> [<interval>] ]

           Example:

               untrace fs start
               untrace webserver

       utilization
           Show/edit/delete a utilization attribute of a resource. These attributes describe
           hardware requirements. By setting the placement-strategy cluster property
           appropriately, it is possible then to distribute resources based on resource
           requirements and node size. See also node utilization attributes.

           Usage:

               utilization <rsc> set <attr> <value>
               utilization <rsc> delete <attr>
               utilization <rsc> show <attr>

           Example:

               utilization xen1 set memory 4096

   node - Node management
       Node management and status commands.

       attribute
           Edit node attributes. This kind of attribute should refer to relatively static
           properties, such as memory size.

           Usage:

               attribute <node> set <attr> <value>
               attribute <node> delete <attr>
               attribute <node> show <attr>

           Example:

               attribute node_1 set memory_size 4096

       clearstate
           Resets and clears the state of the specified node. This node is afterwards assumed
           clean and offline. This command can be used to manually confirm that a node has been
           fenced (e.g., powered off).

           Be careful! This can cause data corruption if you confirm that a node is down that is,
           in fact, not cleanly down - the cluster will proceed as if the fence had succeeded,
           possibly starting resources multiple times.

           Usage:

               clearstate <node>

       delete
           Delete a node. This command will remove the node from the CIB and, in case the cluster
           stack is running, use the appropriate program (crm_node or hb_delnode) to remove the
           node from the membership.

           If the node is still listed as active and a member of our partition we refuse to
           remove it. With the global force option (-F) we will try to delete the node anyway.

           Usage:

               delete <node>

       fence
           Make CRM fence a node. This functionality depends on stonith resources capable of
           fencing the specified node. No such stonith resources, no fencing will happen.

           Usage:

               fence <node>

       maintenance
           Set the node status to maintenance. This is equivalent to the cluster-wide
           maintenance-mode property but puts just one node into the maintenance mode. If there
           are maintenaned resources on the node, the user will be proposed to remove the
           maintenance property from them.

           The node parameter defaults to the node where the command is run.

           Usage:

               maintenance [<node>]

       online
           Set a node to online status.

           The node parameter defaults to the node where the command is run.

           Usage:

               online [<node>]

       ready
           Set the node’s maintenance status to off. The node should be now again fully
           operational and capable of running resource operations.

           The node parameter defaults to the node where the command is run.

           Usage:

               ready [<node>]

       server
           Remote nodes may have a configured server address which should be used when contacting
           the node. This command prints the server address if configured, else the node name.

           If no parameter is given, the addresses or names for all nodes are printed.

           Usage:

               server [<node> ...]

       show
           Show a node definition. If the node parameter is omitted then all nodes are shown.

           Usage:

               show [<node>]

       standby
           Set a node to standby status. The node parameter defaults to the node where the
           command is run.

           Additionally, you may specify a lifetime for the standby---if set to reboot, the node
           will be back online once it reboots. forever will keep the node in standby after
           reboot. The life time defaults to forever.

           Usage:

               standby [<node>] [<lifetime>]

               lifetime :: reboot | forever

           Example:

               standby bob reboot

       status-attr
           Edit node attributes which are in the CIB status section, i.e. attributes which hold
           properties of a more volatile nature. One typical example is attribute generated by
           the pingd utility.

           Usage:

               status-attr <node> set <attr> <value>
               status-attr <node> delete <attr>
               status-attr <node> show <attr>

           Example:

               status-attr node_1 show pingd

       utilization
           Edit node utilization attributes. These attributes describe hardware characteristics
           as integer numbers such as memory size or the number of CPUs. By setting the
           placement-strategy cluster property appropriately, it is possible then to distribute
           resources based on resource requirements and node size. See also resource utilization
           attributes.

           Usage:

               utilization <node> set <attr> <value>
               utilization <node> delete <attr>
               utilization <node> show <attr>

           Examples:

               utilization node_1 set memory 16384
               utilization node_1 show cpu

   site - GEO clustering site support
       A cluster may consist of two or more subclusters in different and distant locations. This
       set of commands supports such setups.

       ticket
           Tickets are cluster-wide attributes. They can be managed at the site where this
           command is executed.

           It is then possible to constrain resources depending on the ticket availability (see
           the rsc_ticket command for more details).

           Usage:

               ticket {grant|revoke|standby|activate|show|time|delete} <ticket>

           Example:

               ticket grant ticket1

   options - User preferences
       The user may set various options for the crm shell itself.

       add-quotes
           The shell (as in /bin/sh) parser strips quotes from the command line. This may
           sometimes make it really difficult to type values which contain white space. One
           typical example is the configure filter command. The crm shell will supply extra
           quotes around arguments which contain white space. The default is yes.  Note on quotes
           use

           Adding quotes around arguments automatically has been introduced with version 1.2.2
           and it is technically a regression. Being a regression is the only reason the
           add-quotes option exists. If you have custom shell scripts which would break, just set
           the add-quotes option to no.

           For instance, with adding quotes enabled, it is possible to do the following:

               # crm configure primitive d1 Dummy \
                   meta description="some description here"
               # crm configure filter 'sed "s/hostlist=./&node-c /"' fencing

       check-frequency
           Semantic check of the CIB or elements modified or created may be done on every
           configuration change (always), when verifying (on-verify) or never. It is by default
           set to always. Experts may want to change the setting to on-verify.

           The checks require that resource agents are present. If they are not installed at the
           configuration time set this preference to never.

           See Configuration semantic checks for more details.

       check-mode
           Semantic check of the CIB or elements modified or created may be done in the strict
           mode or in the relaxed mode. In the former certain problems are treated as
           configuration errors. In the relaxed mode all are treated as warnings. The default is
           strict.

           See Configuration semantic checks for more details.

       colorscheme
           With output set to color, a comma separated list of colors from this option are used
           to emphasize:

           •   keywords

           •   object ids

           •   attribute names

           •   attribute values

           •   scores

           •   resource references

           crm can show colors only if there is curses support for python installed (usually
           provided by the python-curses package). The colors are whatever is available in your
           terminal. Use normal if you want to keep the default foreground color.

           This user preference defaults to yellow,normal,cyan,red,green,magenta which is good
           for terminals with dark background. You may want to change the color scheme and save
           it in the preferences file for other color setups.

           Example:

               colorscheme yellow,normal,blue,red,green,magenta

       editor
           The edit command invokes an editor. Use this to specify your preferred editor program.
           If not set, it will default to either the value of the EDITOR environment variable or
           to one of the standard UNIX editors (vi,emacs,nano).

           Usage:

               editor program

           Example:

               editor vim

       manage-children
           Some resource management commands, such as resource stop, when the target resource is
           a group, may not always produce desired result. Each element, group and the primitive
           members, can have a meta attribute and those attributes may end up with conflicting
           values. Consider the following construct:

               crm(live)# configure show svc fs virtual-ip
               primitive fs Filesystem \
                   params device="/dev/drbd0" directory="/srv/nfs" fstype=ext3 \
                   op monitor interval=10s \
                   meta target-role=Started
               primitive virtual-ip IPaddr2 \
                   params ip=10.2.13.110 iflabel=1 \
                   op monitor interval=10s \
                   op start interval=0 \
                   meta target-role=Started
               group svc fs virtual-ip \
                   meta target-role=Stopped

           Even though the element svc should be stopped, the group is actually running because
           all its members have the target-role set to Started:

               crm(live)# resource show svc
               resource svc is running on: xen-f

           Hence, if the user invokes resource stop svc the intention is not clear. This
           preference gives the user an opportunity to better control what happens if attributes
           of group members have values which are in conflict with the same attribute of the
           group itself.

           Possible values are ask (the default), always, and never. If set to always, the crm
           shell removes all children attributes which have values different from the parent. If
           set to never, all children attributes are left intact. Finally, if set to ask, the
           user will be asked for each member what is to be done.

       output
           crm can adorn configurations in two ways: in color (similar to for instance the ls
           --color command) and by showing keywords in upper case. Possible values are plain,
           color-always, color, and uppercase. It is possible to combine uppercase with one of
           the color values in order to get an upper case xmass tree. Just set this option to
           color,uppercase or color-always,uppercase. In case you need color codes in pipes,
           color-always forces color codes even in case the terminal is not a tty (just like ls
           --color=always).

       pager
           The view command displays text through a pager. Use this to specify your preferred
           pager program. If not set, it will default to either the value of the PAGER
           environment variable or to one of the standard UNIX system pagers (less,more,pg).

       reset
           This command resets all user options to the defaults. If used as a single-shot
           command, the rc file ($HOME/.config/crm/rc) is reset to the defaults too.

       save
           Save current settings to the rc file ($HOME/.config/crm/rc). On further crm runs, the
           rc file is automatically read and parsed.

       set
           Sets the value of an option. Takes the fully qualified name of the option as argument,
           as displayed by show all.

           The modified option value is stored in the user-local configuration file, usually
           found in ~/.config/crm/crm.conf.

           Usage:

               set <option> <value>

           Example:

               set color.warn "magenta bold"
               set editor nano

       show
           Display all current settings.

           Given an option name as argument, show will display only the value of that argument.

           Given all as argument, show displays all available user options.

           Usage:

               show [all|<option>]

           Example:

               show
               show skill-level
               show all

       skill-level
           Based on the skill-level setting, the user is allowed to use only a subset of
           commands. There are three levels: operator, administrator, and expert. The operator
           level allows only commands at the resource and node levels, but not editing or
           deleting resources. The administrator may do that and may also configure the cluster
           at the configure level and manage the shadow CIBs. The expert may do all.

           Usage:

               skill-level <level>

               level :: operator | administrator | expert
           Note on security

           The skill-level option is advisory only. There is nothing stopping any users change
           their skill level (see Access Control Lists (ACL) on how to enforce access control).

       sort-elements
           crm by default sorts CIB elements. If you want them appear in the order they were
           created, set this option to no.

           Usage:

               sort-elements {yes|no}

           Example:

               sort-elements no

       user
           Sufficient privileges are necessary in order to manage a cluster: programs such as
           crm_verify or crm_resource and, ultimately, cibadmin have to be run either as root or
           as the CRM owner user (typically hacluster). You don’t have to worry about that if you
           run crm as root. A more secure way is to run the program with your usual privileges,
           set this option to the appropriate user (such as hacluster), and setup the sudoers
           file.

           Usage:

               user system-user

           Example:

               user hacluster

       wait
           In normal operation, crm runs a command and gets back immediately to process other
           commands or get input from the user. With this option set to yes it will wait for the
           started transition to finish. In interactive mode dots are printed to indicate
           progress.

           Usage:

               wait {yes|no}

           Example:

               wait yes

   configure - CIB configuration
       This level enables all CIB object definition commands.

       The configuration may be logically divided into four parts: nodes, resources, constraints,
       and (cluster) properties and attributes. Each of these commands support one or more basic
       CIB objects.

       Nodes and attributes describing nodes are managed using the node command.

       Commands for resources are:

       •   primitive

       •   monitor

       •   group

       •   clone

       •   ms/master (master-slave)

       In order to streamline large configurations, it is possible to define a template which can
       later be referenced in primitives:

       •   rsc_template

       In that case the primitive inherits all attributes defined in the template.

       There are three types of constraints:

       •   location

       •   colocation

       •   order

       It is possible to define fencing order (stonith resource priorities):

       •   fencing_topology

       Finally, there are the cluster properties, resource meta attributes defaults, and
       operations defaults. All are just a set of attributes. These attributes are managed by the
       following commands:

       •   property

       •   rsc_defaults

       •   op_defaults

       In addition to the cluster configuration, the Access Control Lists (ACL) can be setup to
       allow access to parts of the CIB for users other than root and hacluster. The following
       commands manage ACL:

       •   user

       •   role

       In Pacemaker 1.1.12 and up, this command replaces the user command for handling ACLs:

       •   acl_target

       The changes are applied to the current CIB only on ending the configuration session or
       using the commit command.

       Comments start with # in the first line. The comments are tied to the element which
       follows. If the element moves, its comments will follow.

       acl_target
           Defines an ACL target.

           Usage:

               acl_target <tid> [<role> ...]

           Example:

               acl_target joe resource_admin constraint_editor

       alert
           Version note

           This feature is only available in Pacemaker 1.1.15+.

           Event-driven alerts enables calling scripts whenever interesting events occur in the
           cluster (nodes joining or leaving, resources starting or stopping, etc.).

           The path is an arbitrary file path to an alert script. Existing external scripts used
           with ClusterMon resources can be used as alert scripts, since the interface is
           compatible.

           Each alert may have a number of receipients configured. These will be passed to the
           script as arguments. The first recipient will also be passed as the
           CRM_alert_recipient environment variable, for compatibility with existing scripts that
           only support one recipient.

           The available meta attributes are timeout (default 30s) and timestamp-format (default
           "%H:%M:%S.%06N").

           Some configurations may require each recipient to be delimited by brackets, to avoid
           ambiguity. In the example alert-2 below, the meta attribute for timeout is defined
           after the recipient, so the brackets are used to ensure that the meta attribute is set
           for the alert and not just the recipient. This can be avoided by setting any alert
           attributes before defining the recipients.

           Usage:

               alert <id> <path> \
                 [attributes <nvpair> ...] \
                 [meta <nvpair> ...] \
                 [select [nodes | fencing | resources | attributes '{' <attribute> ... '}' ] ...] \
                 [to [{] <recipient>
                   [attributes <nvpair> ...] \
                   [meta <nvpair> ...] [}] \
                   ...]

           Example:

               alert alert-1 /srv/pacemaker/pcmk_alert_sample.sh \
                   to /var/log/cluster-alerts.log

               alert alert-2 /srv/pacemaker/example_alert.sh \
                   meta timeout=60s \
                   to { /var/log/cluster-alerts.log }

               alert alert-3 /srv/pacemaker/example_alert.sh \
                   select fencing \
                   to { /var/log/fencing-alerts.log }

       bundle
           A bundle is a single resource specifying the settings, networking requirements, and
           storage requirements for any number of containers generated from the same container
           image.

           Pacemaker bundles support Docker (since version 1.1.17) and rkt (since version 1.1.18)
           container technologies.

           A bundle must contain exactly one docker or rkt element.

           The bundle definition may contain a reference to a primitive resource which defining
           the resource running inside the container.

           Example:

               primitive httpd-apache ocf:heartbeat:apache

               bundle httpd \
                   docker image=pcmk:httpd replicas=3 \
                   network ip-range-start=10.10.10.123 host-netmask=24 \
                   port-mapping port=80 \
                   storage \
                       storage-mapping target-dir=/var/www/html source-dir=/srv/www options=rw \
                   primitive httpd-apache

       cib
           This level is for management of shadow CIBs. It is available at the configure level to
           enable saving intermediate changes to a shadow CIB instead of to the live cluster.
           This short excerpt shows how:

               crm(live)configure# cib new test-2
               INFO: test-2 shadow CIB created
               crm(test-2)configure# commit

           Note how the current CIB in the prompt changed from live to test-2 after issuing the
           cib new command. See also the CIB shadow management for more information.

       cibstatus
           Enter edit and manage the CIB status section level. See the CIB status management
           section.

       clone
           The clone command creates a resource clone. It may contain a single primitive resource
           or one group of resources.

           Usage:

               clone <name> <rsc>
                 [description=<description>]
                 [meta <attr_list>]
                 [params <attr_list>]

               attr_list :: [$id=<id>] <attr>=<val> [<attr>=<val>...] | $id-ref=<id>

           Example:

               clone cl_fence apc_1 \
                 meta clone-node-max=1 globally-unique=false

               clone disk1 drbd1 \
                 meta promotable=true notify=true globally-unique=false

       colocation (collocation)
           This constraint expresses the placement relation between two or more resources. If
           there are more than two resources, then the constraint is called a resource set.

           The score is used to indicate the priority of the constraint. A positive score
           indicates that the resources should run on the same node. A negative score that they
           should not run on the same node. Values of positive or negative infinity indicate a
           mandatory constraint.

           In the two resource form, the cluster will place <with-rsc> first, and then decide
           where to put the <rsc> resource.

           Collocation resource sets have an extra attribute (sequential) to allow for sets of
           resources which don’t depend on each other in terms of state. The shell syntax for
           such sets is to put resources in parentheses.

           Sets cannot be nested.

           The optional node-attribute can be used to colocate resources on a set of nodes and
           not necessarily on the same node. For example, by setting a node attribute color on
           all nodes and setting the node-attribute value to color as well, the colocated
           resources will be placed on any node that has the same color.

           For more details on how to configure resource sets, see Syntax: Resource sets.

           Usage:

               colocation <id> <score>: <rsc>[:<role>] <with-rsc>[:<role>]
                 [node-attribute=<node_attr>]

               colocation <id> <score>: <resource_sets>
                 [node-attribute=<node_attr>]

               resource_sets :: <resource_set> [<resource_set> ...]

               resource_set :: ["("|"["] <rsc>[:<role>] [<rsc>[:<role>] ...] \
                               [<attributes>]  [")"|"]"]

               attributes :: [require-all=(true|false)] [sequential=(true|false)]

           Example:

               colocation never_put_apache_with_dummy -inf: apache dummy
               colocation c1 inf: A ( B C )

       commit
           Commit the current configuration to the CIB in use. As noted elsewhere, commands in a
           configure session don’t have immediate effect on the CIB. All changes are applied at
           one point in time, either using commit or when the user leaves the configure level. In
           case the CIB in use changed in the meantime, presumably by somebody else, the crm
           shell will refuse to apply the changes.

           If you know that it’s fine to still apply them, add force to the command line.

           To disable CIB patching and apply the changes by replacing the CIB completely, add
           replace to the command line. Note that this can lead to previous changes being
           overwritten if some other process concurrently modifies the CIB.

           Usage:

               commit [force] [replace]

       default-timeouts
           This command takes the timeouts from the actions section of the resource agent
           meta-data and sets them for the operations of the primitive.

           Usage:

               default-timeouts <id> [<id>...]
           Note on default-timeouts

           The use of this command is discouraged in favor of manually determining the best
           timeouts required for the particular configuration. Relying on the resource agent to
           supply appropriate timeouts can cause the resource to fail at the worst possible
           moment.

           Appropriate timeouts for resource actions are context-sensitive, and should be
           carefully considered with the whole configuration in mind.

       delete
           Delete one or more objects. If an object to be deleted belongs to a container object,
           such as a group, and it is the only resource in that container, then the container is
           deleted as well. Any related constraints are removed as well.

           If the object is a started resource, it will not be deleted unless the --force flag is
           passed to the command, or the force option is set.

           Usage:

               delete [--force] <id> [<id>...]

       edit
           This command invokes the editor with the object description. As with the show command,
           the user may choose to edit all objects or a set of objects.

           If the user insists, he or she may edit the XML edition of the object. If you do that,
           don’t modify any id attributes.

           Usage:

               edit [xml] [<id> ...]
               edit [xml] changed
           Note on renaming element ids

           The edit command sometimes cannot properly handle modifying element ids. In particular
           for elements which belong to group or ms resources. Group and ms resources themselves
           also cannot be renamed. Please use the rename command instead.

       erase
           The erase clears all configuration. Apart from nodes. To remove nodes, you have to
           specify an additional keyword nodes.

           Note that removing nodes from the live cluster may have some
           strange/interesting/unwelcome effects.

           Usage:

               erase [nodes]

       fencing_topology
           If multiple fencing (stonith) devices are available capable of fencing a node, their
           order may be specified by fencing_topology. The order is specified per node.

           Stonith resources can be separated by , in which case all of them need to succeed. If
           they fail, the next stonith resource (or set of resources) is used. In other words,
           use comma to separate resources which all need to succeed and whitespace for serial
           order. It is not allowed to use whitespace around comma.

           If the node is left out, the order is used for all nodes. That should reduce the
           configuration size in some stonith setups.

           From Pacemaker version 1.1.14, it is possible to use a node attribute as the target in
           a fencing topology. The syntax for this usage is described below.

           From Pacemaker version 1.1.14, it is also possible to use regular expression patterns
           as the target in a fencing topology. The configured fencing sequence then applies to
           all devices matching the pattern.

           Usage:

               fencing_topology <stonith_resources> [<stonith_resources> ...]
               fencing_topology <fencing_order> [<fencing_order> ...]

               fencing_order :: <target> <stonith_resources> [<stonith_resources> ...]

               stonith_resources :: <rsc>[,<rsc>...]
               target :: <node>: | attr:<node-attribute>=<value> | pattern:<pattern>

           Example:

               # Only kill the power if poison-pill fails
               fencing_topology poison-pill power

               # As above for node-a, but a different strategy for node-b
               fencing_topology \
                   node-a: poison-pill power \
                   node-b: ipmi serial

               # Fencing anything on rack 1 requires fencing via both APC 1 and 2,
               # to defeat the redundancy provided by two separate UPS units.
               fencing_topology attr:rack=1 apc01,apc02

               # Fencing for all machines named green.* is done using the pear
               # fencing device first, while all machines named red.* are fenced
               # using the apple fencing device first.
               fencing_topology \
                   pattern:green.* pear apple \
                   pattern:red.* apple pear

       filter
           This command filters the given CIB elements through an external program. The program
           should accept input on stdin and send output to stdout (the standard UNIX filter
           conventions). As with the show command, the user may choose to filter all or just a
           subset of elements.

           It is possible to filter the XML representation of objects, but probably not as useful
           as the configuration language. The presentation is somewhat different from what would
           be displayed by the show command---each element is shown on a single line, i.e. there
           are no backslashes and no other embelishments.

           Don’t forget to put quotes around the filter if it contains spaces.

           Usage:

               filter <prog> [xml] [<id> ...]
               filter <prog> [xml] changed

           Examples:

               filter "sed '/^primitive/s/target-role=[^ ]*//'"
               # crm configure filter "sed '/^primitive/s/target-role=[^ ]*//'"
               crm configure <<END
                 filter "sed '/threshold=\"1\"/s/=\"1\"/=\"0\"/g'"
               END
           Note on quotation marks

           Filter commands which feature a blend of quotation marks can be difficult to get
           right, especially when used directly from bash, since bash does its own quotation
           parsing. In these cases, it can be easier to supply the filter command as standard
           input. See the last example above.

       get-property
           Show the value of the given property. If the value is not set, the command will print
           the default value for the property, if known.

           If no property name is passed to the command, the list of known cluster properties is
           printed.

           If the property is set multiple times, for example using multiple property sets with
           different rule expressions, the output of this command is undefined.

           Pass the argument -t or --true to get-property to translate the argument value into
           true or false. If the value is not set, the command will print false.

           Usage:

               get-property [-t|--true] [<name>]

           Example:

               get-property stonith-enabled
               get-property -t maintenance-mode

       graph
           Create a graphviz graphical layout from the current cluster configuration.

           Currently, only dot (directed graph) is supported. It is essentially a visualization
           of resource ordering.

           The graph may be saved to a file which can be used as source for various graphviz
           tools (by default it is displayed in the user’s X11 session). Optionally, by
           specifying the format, one can also produce an image instead.

           For more or different graphviz attributes, it is possible to save the default set of
           attributes to an ini file. If this file exists it will always override the builtin
           settings. The exportsettings subcommand also prints the location of the ini file.

           Usage:

               graph [<gtype> [<file> [<img_format>]]]
               graph exportsettings

               gtype :: dot
               img_format :: `dot` output format (see the +-T+ option)

           Example:

               graph dot
               graph dot clu1.conf.dot
               graph dot clu1.conf.svg svg

       group
           The group command creates a group of resources. This can be useful when resources
           depend on other resources and require that those resources start in order on the same
           node. A common use of resource groups is to ensure that a server and a virtual IP are
           located together, and that the virtual IP is started before the server.

           Grouped resources are started in the order they appear in the group, and stopped in
           the reverse order. If a resource in the group cannot run anywhere, resources following
           it in the group will not start.

           group can be passed the "container" meta attribute, to indicate that it is to be used
           to group VM resources monitored using Nagios. The resource referred to by the
           container attribute must be of type ocf:heartbeat:Xen, ocf:heartbeat:VirtualDomain or
           ocf:heartbeat:lxc.

           Usage:

               group <name> <rsc> [<rsc>...]
                 [description=<description>]
                 [meta attr_list]
                 [params attr_list]

               attr_list :: [$id=<id>] <attr>=<val> [<attr>=<val>...] | $id-ref=<id>

           Example:

               group internal_www disk0 fs0 internal_ip apache \
                 meta target_role=stopped

               group vm-and-services vm vm-sshd meta container="vm"

       load
           Load a part of configuration (or all of it) from a local file or a network URL. The
           replace method replaces the current configuration with the one from the source. The
           update method tries to import the contents into the current configuration. The push
           method imports the contents into the current configuration and removes any lines that
           are not present in the given configuration. The file may be a CLI file or an XML file.

           If the URL is -, the configuration is read from standard input.

           Usage:

               load [xml] <method> URL

               method :: replace | update | push

           Example:

               load xml update myfirstcib.xml
               load xml replace http://storage.big.com/cibs/bigcib.xml
               load xml push smallcib.xml

       location
           location defines the preference of nodes for the given resource. The location
           constraints consist of one or more rules which specify a score to be awarded if the
           rule matches.

           The resource referenced by the location constraint can be one of the following:

           •   Plain resource reference: location loc1 webserver 100: node1

           •   Resource set in curly brackets: location loc1 { virtual-ip webserver } 100: node1

           •   Tag containing resource ids: location loc1 tag1 100: node1

           •   Resource pattern: location loc1 /web.*/ 100: node1

           The resource-discovery attribute allows probes to be selectively enabled or disabled
           per resource and node.

           The syntax for resource sets is described in detail for colocation.

           For more details on how to configure resource sets, see Syntax: Resource sets.

           For more information on rule expressions, see Syntax: Rule expressions.

           Usage:

               location <id> <rsc> [<attributes>] {<node_pref>|<rules>}

               rsc :: /<rsc-pattern>/
                       | { resource_sets }
                       | <rsc>

               attributes :: role=<role> | resource-discovery=always|never|exclusive

               node_pref :: <score>: <node>

               rules ::
                 rule [id_spec] [$role=<role>] <score>: <expression>
                 [rule [id_spec] [$role=<role>] <score>: <expression> ...]

               id_spec :: $id=<id> | $id-ref=<id>
               score :: <number> | <attribute> | [-]inf
               expression :: <simple_exp> [<bool_op> <simple_exp> ...]
               bool_op :: or | and
               simple_exp :: <attribute> [type:]<binary_op> <value>
                         | <unary_op> <attribute>
                         | date <date_expr>
               type :: string | version | number
               binary_op :: lt | gt | lte | gte | eq | ne
               unary_op :: defined | not_defined

               date_expr :: lt <end>
                        | gt <start>
                        | in start=<start> end=<end>
                        | in start=<start> <duration>
                        | spec <date_spec>
               duration|date_spec ::
                        hours=<value>
                        | monthdays=<value>
                        | weekdays=<value>
                        | yearsdays=<value>
                        | months=<value>
                        | weeks=<value>
                        | years=<value>
                        | weekyears=<value>
                        | moon=<value>

           Examples:

               location conn_1 internal_www 100: node1

               location conn_1 internal_www \
                 rule 50: #uname eq node1 \
                 rule pingd: defined pingd

               location conn_2 dummy_float \
                 rule -inf: not_defined pingd or pingd number:lte 0

               # never probe for rsc1 on node1
               location no-probe rsc1 resource-discovery=never -inf: node1

       modgroup
           Add or remove primitives in a group. The add subcommand appends the new group member
           by default. Should it go elsewhere, there are after and before clauses.

           Usage:

               modgroup <id> add <id> [after <id>|before <id>]
               modgroup <id> remove <id>

           Examples:

               modgroup share1 add storage2 before share1-fs

       monitor
           Monitor is by far the most common operation. It is possible to add it without editing
           the whole resource. Also, long primitive definitions may be a bit uncluttered. In
           order to make this command as concise as possible, less common operation attributes
           are not available. If you need them, then use the op part of the primitive command.

           Usage:

               monitor <rsc>[:<role>] <interval>[:<timeout>]

           Example:

               monitor apcfence 60m:60s

           Note that after executing the command, the monitor operation may be shown as part of
           the primitive definition.

       ms (master)
           The ms command creates a master/slave resource type. It may contain a single primitive
           resource or one group of resources.

           Usage:

               ms <name> <rsc>
                 [description=<description>]
                 [meta attr_list]
                 [params attr_list]

               attr_list :: [$id=<id>] <attr>=<val> [<attr>=<val>...] | $id-ref=<id>

           Example:

               ms disk1 drbd1 \
                 meta notify=true globally-unique=false
           Note on ms deprecated

           From Pacemaker-2.0, the resource type referred to as "master/slave", "stateful", or
           "multi-state" is no longer a separate resource type, but a variation of clone now
           referred to as a "promotable clone". For backward compatibility, above configurations
           are also accepted.

               clone disk1 drbd1 \
                 meta promotable=true notify=true globally-unique=false
           Note on id-ref usage

           Instance or meta attributes (‘params` and meta) may contain a reference to another set
           of attributes. In that case, no other attributes are allowed. Since attribute sets’
           ids, though they do exist, are not shown in the crm, it is also possible to reference
           an object instead of an attribute set. crm will automatically replace such a reference
           with the right id:

               crm(live)configure# primitive a2 www-2 meta $id-ref=a1
               crm(live)configure# show a2
               primitive a2 apache \
                   meta $id-ref=a1-meta_attributes
                   [...]

           It is advisable to give meaningful names to attribute sets which are going to be
           referenced.

       node
           The node command describes a cluster node. Nodes in the CIB are commonly created
           automatically by the CRM. Hence, you should not need to deal with nodes unless you
           also want to define node attributes. Note that it is also possible to manage node
           attributes at the node level.

           Usage:

               node [$id=<id>] <uname>[:<type>]
                 [description=<description>]
                 [attributes [$id=<id>] [<score>:] [rule...]
                   <param>=<value> [<param>=<value>...]] | $id-ref=<ref>
                 [utilization [$id=<id>] [<score>:] [rule...]
                   <param>=<value> [<param>=<value>...]] | $id-ref=<ref>

               type :: normal | member | ping | remote

           Example:

               node node1
               node big_node attributes memory=64

       op_defaults
           Set defaults for the operations meta attributes.

           For more information on rule expressions, see Syntax: Rule expressions.

           Usage:

               op_defaults [$id=<set_id>] [rule ...] <option>=<value> [<option>=<value> ...]

           Example:

               op_defaults record-pending=true

       order
           This constraint expresses the order of actions on two resources or more resources. If
           there are more than two resources, then the constraint is called a resource set.

           Ordered resource sets have an extra attribute to allow for sets of resources whose
           actions may run in parallel. The shell syntax for such sets is to put resources in
           parentheses.

           If the subsequent resource can start or promote after any one of the resources in a
           set has done, enclose the set in brackets ([ and ]).

           Sets cannot be nested.

           Three strings are reserved to specify a kind of order constraint: Mandatory, Optional,
           and Serialize. It is preferred to use one of these settings instead of score. Previous
           versions mapped scores 0 and inf to keywords advisory and mandatory. That is still
           valid but deprecated.

           For more details on how to configure resource sets, see Syntax: Resource sets.

           Usage:

               order <id> [kind:] first then [symmetrical=<bool>]

               order <id> [kind:] resource_sets [symmetrical=<bool>]

               kind :: Mandatory | Optional | Serialize

               first :: <rsc>[:<action>]

               then ::  <rsc>[:<action>]

               resource_sets :: resource_set [resource_set ...]

               resource_set :: ["["|"("] <rsc>[:<action>] [<rsc>[:<action>] ...] \
                               [attributes] ["]"|")"]

               attributes :: [require-all=(true|false)] [sequential=(true|false)]

           Example:

               order o-1 Mandatory: apache:start ip_1
               order o-2 Serialize: A ( B C )
               order o-4 first-resource then-resource

       primitive
           The primitive command describes a resource. It may be referenced only once in group,
           clone, or master-slave objects. If it’s not referenced, then it is placed as a single
           resource in the CIB.

           Operations may be specified anonymously, as a group or by reference:

           •   "Anonymous", as a list of op specifications. Use this method if you don’t need to
               reference the set of operations elsewhere. This is the most common way to define
               operations.

           •   If reusing operation sets is desired, use the operations keyword along with an id
               to give the operations set a name. Use the operations keyword and an id-ref value
               set to the id of another operations set, to apply the same set of operations to
               this primitive.

           Operation attributes which are not recognized are saved as instance attributes of that
           operation. A typical example is OCF_CHECK_LEVEL.

           For multistate resources, roles are specified as role=<role>.

           A template may be defined for resources which are of the same type and which share
           most of the configuration. See rsc_template for more information.

           Attributes containing time values, such as the interval attribute on operations, are
           configured either as a plain number, which is interpreted as a time in seconds, or
           using one of the following suffixes:

           •   s, sec - time in seconds (same as no suffix)

           •   ms, msec - time in milliseconds

           •   us, usec - time in microseconds

           •   m, min - time in minutes

           •   h, hr - time in hours

           Usage:

               primitive <rsc> {[<class>:[<provider>:]]<type>|@<template>}
                 [description=<description>]
                 [[params] attr_list]
                 [meta attr_list]
                 [utilization attr_list]
                 [operations id_spec]
                   [op op_type [<attribute>=<value>...]
                               [[op_params] attr_list]
                               [op_meta attr_list] ...]

               attr_list :: [$id=<id>] [<score>:] [rule...]
                            <attr>=<val> [<attr>=<val>...]] | $id-ref=<id>
               id_spec :: $id=<id> | $id-ref=<id>
               op_type :: start | stop | monitor

           Example:

               primitive apcfence stonith:apcsmart \
                 params ttydev=/dev/ttyS0 hostlist="node1 node2" \
                 op start timeout=60s \
                 op monitor interval=30m timeout=60s

               primitive www8 apache \
                 configfile=/etc/apache/www8.conf \
                 operations $id-ref=apache_ops

               primitive db0 mysql \
                 params config=/etc/mysql/db0.conf \
                 op monitor interval=60s \
                 op monitor interval=300s OCF_CHECK_LEVEL=10

               primitive r0 ocf:linbit:drbd \
                 params drbd_resource=r0 \
                 op monitor role=Master interval=60s \
                 op monitor role=Slave interval=300s

               primitive xen0 @vm_scheme1 xmfile=/etc/xen/vm/xen0

               primitive mySpecialRsc Special \
                 params 3: rule #uname eq node1 interface=eth1 \
                 params 2: rule #uname eq node2 interface=eth2 port=8888 \
                 params 1: interface=eth0 port=9999

               primitive A ocf:pacemaker:Dummy \
                 op start \
                   op_meta 2: rule #ra-version version:gt 1.0 timeout=120s \
                   op_meta 1: timeout=60s

       property
           Set cluster configuration properties. To list the available cluster configuration
           properties, use the ra info command with pengine, crmd, cib and stonithd as arguments.
           When setting the maintenance-mode property, it will inform the user if there are nodes
           or resources that have the maintenance property.

           For more information on rule expressions, see Syntax: Rule expressions.

           Usage:

               property [<set_id>:] [rule ...] <option>=<value> [<option>=<value> ...]

           Example:

               property stonith-enabled=true
               property rule date spec years=2014 stonith-enabled=false

       ptest (simulate)
           Show PE (Policy Engine) motions using ptest(8) or crm_simulate(8).

           A CIB is constructed using the current user edited configuration and the status from
           the running CIB. The resulting CIB is run through ptest (or crm_simulate) to show
           changes which would happen if the configuration is committed.

           The status section may be loaded from another source and modified using the cibstatus
           level commands. In that case, the ptest command will issue a message informing the
           user that the Policy Engine graph is not calculated based on the current status
           section and therefore won’t show what would happen to the running but some imaginary
           cluster.

           If you have graphviz installed and X11 session, dotty(1) is run to display the changes
           graphically.

           Add a string of v characters to increase verbosity. ptest can also show allocation
           scores. utilization turns on information about the remaining capacity of nodes. With
           the actions option, ptest will print all resource actions.

           The ptest program has been replaced by crm_simulate in newer Pacemaker versions. In
           some installations both could be installed. Use simulate to enfore using crm_simulate.

           Usage:

               ptest [nograph] [v...] [scores] [actions] [utilization]

           Examples:

               ptest scores
               ptest vvvvv
               simulate actions

       refresh
           Refresh the internal structures from the CIB. All changes made during this session are
           lost.

           Usage:

               refresh

       rename
           Rename an object. It is recommended to use this command to rename a resource, because
           it will take care of updating all related constraints and a parent resource. Changing
           ids with the edit command won’t have the same effect.

           If you want to rename a resource, it must be in the stopped state.

           Usage:

               rename <old_id> <new_id>

       role
           An ACL role is a set of rules which describe access rights to CIB. Rules consist of an
           access right read, write, or deny and a specification denoting part of the
           configuration to which the access right applies. The specification can be an XPath or
           a combination of tag and id references. If an attribute is appended, then the
           specification applies only to that attribute of the matching element.

           There is a number of shortcuts for XPath specifications. The meta, params, and
           utilization shortcuts reference resource meta attributes, parameters, and utilization
           respectively. The location may be used to specify location constraints most of the
           time to allow resource move and unmove commands. The property references cluster
           properties. The node allows reading node attributes. nodeattr and nodeutil reference
           node attributes and node capacity (utilization). The status shortcut references the
           whole status section of the CIB. Read access to status is necessary for various
           monitoring tools such as crm_mon(8) (aka crm status).

           For more information on rule expressions, see Syntax: Rule expressions.

           Usage:

               role <role-id> rule [rule ...]

               rule :: acl-right cib-spec [attribute:<attribute>]

               acl-right :: read | write | deny

               cib-spec :: xpath-spec | tag-ref-spec
               xpath-spec :: xpath:<xpath> | shortcut
               tag-ref-spec :: tag:<tag> | ref:<id> | tag:<tag> ref:<id>

               shortcut :: meta:<rsc>[:<attr>]
                       params:<rsc>[:<attr>]
                       utilization:<rsc>
                       location:<rsc>
                       property[:<attr>]
                       node[:<node>]
                       nodeattr[:<attr>]
                       nodeutil[:<node>]
                       status

           Example:

               role app1_admin \
                   write meta:app1:target-role \
                   write meta:app1:is-managed \
                   write location:app1 \
                   read ref:app1

       rsc_defaults
           Set defaults for the resource meta attributes.

           For more information on rule expressions, see Syntax: Rule expressions.

           Usage:

               rsc_defaults [<set_id>:] [rule ...] <option>=<value> [<option>=<value> ...]

           Example:

               rsc_defaults failure-timeout=3m

       rsc_template
           The rsc_template command creates a resource template. It may be referenced in
           primitives. It is used to reduce large configurations with many similar resources.

           Usage:

               rsc_template <name> [<class>:[<provider>:]]<type>
                 [description=<description>]
                 [params attr_list]
                 [meta attr_list]
                 [utilization attr_list]
                 [operations id_spec]
                   [op op_type [<attribute>=<value>...] ...]

               attr_list :: [$id=<id>] <attr>=<val> [<attr>=<val>...] | $id-ref=<id>
               id_spec :: $id=<id> | $id-ref=<id>
               op_type :: start | stop | monitor

           Example:

               rsc_template public_vm Xen \
                 op start timeout=300s \
                 op stop timeout=300s \
                 op monitor interval=30s timeout=60s \
                 op migrate_from timeout=600s \
                 op migrate_to timeout=600s
               primitive xen0 @public_vm \
                 params xmfile=/etc/xen/xen0
               primitive xen1 @public_vm \
                 params xmfile=/etc/xen/xen1

       rsc_ticket
           This constraint expresses dependency of resources on cluster-wide attributes, also
           known as tickets. Tickets are mainly used in geo-clusters, which consist of multiple
           sites. A ticket may be granted to a site, thus allowing resources to run there.

           The loss-policy attribute specifies what happens to the resource (or resources) if the
           ticket is revoked. The default is either stop or demote depending on whether a
           resource is multi-state.

           See also the site set of commands.

           Usage:

               rsc_ticket <id> <ticket_id>: <rsc>[:<role>] [<rsc>[:<role>] ...]
                 [loss-policy=<loss_policy_action>]

               loss_policy_action :: stop | demote | fence | freeze

           Example:

               rsc_ticket ticket-A_public-ip ticket-A: public-ip
               rsc_ticket ticket-A_bigdb ticket-A: bigdb loss-policy=fence
               rsc_ticket ticket-B_storage ticket-B: drbd-a:Master drbd-b:Master

       rsctest
           Test resources with current resource configuration. If no nodes are specified, tests
           are run on all known nodes.

           The order of resources is significant: it is assumed that later resources depend on
           earlier ones.

           If a resource is multi-state, it is assumed that the role on which later resources
           depend is master.

           Tests are run sequentially to prevent running the same resource on two or more nodes.
           Tests are carried out only if none of the specified nodes currently run any of the
           specified resources. However, it won’t verify whether resources run on the other
           nodes.

           Superuser privileges are obviously required: either run this as root or setup the
           sudoers file appropriately.

           Note that resource testing may take some time.

           Usage:

               rsctest <rsc_id> [<rsc_id> ...] [<node_id> ...]

           Examples:

               rsctest my_ip websvc
               rsctest websvc nodeB

       save
           Save the current configuration to a file. Optionally, as XML. Use - instead of file
           name to write the output to stdout.

           The save command accepts the same selection arguments as the show command. See the
           help section for show for more details.

           Usage:

               save [xml] [<id> | type:<type | tag:<tag> |
                           related:<obj> | changed ...] <file>

           Example:

               save myfirstcib.txt
               save web-server server-config.txt

       schema
           CIB’s content is validated by a RNG schema. Pacemaker supports several, depending on
           version. At least the following schemas are accepted by crmsh:

           •   pacemaker-1.0

           •   pacemaker-1.1

           •   pacemaker-1.2

           •   pacemaker-1.3

           •   pacemaker-2.0

           Use this command to display or switch to another RNG schema.

           Usage:

               schema [<schema>]

           Example:

               schema pacemaker-1.1

       set
           Set the value of a configured attribute. The attribute must configured previously, and
           can be an agent parameter, meta attribute, utilization value or operation value.

           The first argument to the command is a path to an attribute. This is a dot-separated
           sequence beginning with the name of the resource or object, and ending with the name
           of the attribute to set. To set operation value, op_type should be specified; when
           multi operations exist like multi monitors, interval should be specified.

           Usage:

               set <path> <value>

               path:: id.[op_type.][interval.]name

           Examples:

               set vip1.ip 192.168.20.5
               set vm-a.force_stop 1
               set vip1.monitor.on-fail ignore
               set drbd.monitor.10s.interval 20s

       show
           The show command displays CIB objects. Without any argument, it displays all objects
           in the CIB, but the set of objects displayed by show can be limited to only objects
           with the given IDs or by using one or more of the special prefixes described below.

           The XML representation for the objects can be displayed by passing xml as the first
           argument.

           To show one or more specific objects, pass the object IDs as arguments.

           To show all objects of a certain type, use the type: prefix.

           To show all objects in a tag, use the tag: prefix.

           To show all constraints related to a primitive, use the related: prefix.

           To show all modified objects, pass the argument changed.

           The prefixes can be used together on a single command line. For example, to show both
           the tag itself and the objects tagged by it the following combination can be used:
           show tag:my-tag my-tag.

           To refine a selection of objects using multiple modifiers, the keywords and and or can
           be used. For example, to select all primitives tagged foo, the following combination
           can be used: show type:primitive and tag:foo.

           To hide values when displaying the configuration, use the obscure:<glob> argument.
           This can be useful when sending the configuration over a public channel, to avoid
           exposing potentially sensitive information. The <glob> argument is a bash-style
           pattern matching attribute keys.

           In /etc/crm/crm.conf, obscure_pattern option is the persisent configuration of CLI.
           Example, for the high security concern,

               [core]
               obscure_pattern = passw* | ip

           Which makes crm configure show is equal to

               node-1:~ # crm configure show obscure:passw* obscure:ip
               node 1084783297: node1
               primitive fence_device stonith:fence_ilo5 \
                       params password="******"
               primitive ip IPaddr2 \
                       params ip="******"

           The default suggestion is passw* If you don’t want to obscure, change the value to
           blank.

           Usage:

               show [xml] [<id>
                          | changed
                          | type:<type>
                          | tag:<id>
                          | related:<obj>
                          | obscure:<glob>
                          ...]

               type :: node | primitive | group | clone | ms | rsc_template
                     | location | colocation | order
                     | rsc_ticket
                     | property | rsc_defaults | op_defaults
                     | fencing_topology
                     | role | user | acl_target
                     | tag

           Example:

               show webapp
               show type:primitive
               show xml tag:db tag:fs
               show related:webapp
               show type:primitive obscure:passwd

       tag
           Define a resource tag. A tag is an id referring to one or more resources, without
           implying any constraints between the tagged resources. This can be useful for grouping
           conceptually related resources.

           Usage:

               tag <tag-name>: <rsc> [<rsc> ...]
               tag <tag-name> <rsc> [<rsc> ...]

           Example:

               tag web: p-webserver p-vip
               tag ips server-vip admin-vip

       template
           The specified template is loaded into the editor. It’s up to the user to make a good
           CRM configuration out of it. See also the template section.

           Usage:

               template [xml] url

           Example:

               template two-apaches.txt

       upgrade
           Attempts to upgrade the CIB to validate with the current version. Commonly, this is
           required if the error CIB not supported occurs. It typically means that the active CIB
           version is coming from an older release.

           As a safety precaution, the force argument is required if the validation-with
           attribute is set to anything other than 0.6. Thus in most cases, it is required.

           Usage:

               upgrade [force]

           Example:

               upgrade force

       user
           Users which normally cannot view or manage cluster configuration can be allowed access
           to parts of the CIB. The access is defined by a set of read, write, and deny rules as
           in role definitions or by referencing roles. The latter is considered best practice.

           For more information on rule expressions, see Syntax: Rule expressions.

           Usage:

               user <uid> {roles|rules}

               roles :: role:<role-ref> [role:<role-ref> ...]
               rules :: rule [rule ...]

           Example:

               user joe \
                   role:app1_admin \
                   role:read_all

       validate-all
           Call the validate-all action for the resource, if possible.

           Limitations:

           •   The resource agent must implement the validate-all action.

           •   The current user must be root.

           •   The primitive resource must not use nvpair references.

           Usage:

               validate-all <rsc>

       verify
           Verify the contents of the CIB which would be committed.

           Usage:

               verify

       xml
           Even though we promissed no xml, it may happen, but hopefully very very seldom, that
           an element from the CIB cannot be rendered in the configuration language. In that
           case, the element will be shown as raw xml, prefixed by this command. That element can
           then be edited like any other. If the shell finds out that after the change it can
           digest it, then it is going to be converted into the normal configuration language.
           Otherwise, there is no need to use xml for configuration.

           Usage:

               xml <xml>

   template - Import configuration from templates
       User may be assisted in the cluster configuration by templates prepared in advance.
       Templates consist of a typical ready configuration which may be edited to suit particular
       user needs.

       This command enters a template level where additional commands for configuration/template
       management are available.

       apply
           Copy the current or given configuration to the current CIB. By default, the CIB is
           replaced, unless the method is set to "update".

           Usage:

               apply [<method>] [<config>]

               method :: replace | update

       delete
           Remove a configuration. The loaded (active) configuration may be removed by force.

           Usage:

               delete <config> [force]

       edit
           Edit current or given configuration using your favourite editor.

           Usage:

               edit [<config>]

       list
           When called with no argument, lists existing templates and configurations.

           Given the argument templates, lists the available templates.

           Given the argument configs, lists the available configurations.

           Usage:

               list [templates|configs]

       load
           Load an existing configuration. Further edit, show, and apply commands will refer to
           this configuration.

           Usage:

               load <config>

       new
           Create a new configuration from one or more templates. Note that configurations and
           templates are kept in different places, so it is possible to have a configuration name
           equal a template name.

           If you already know which parameters are required, you can set them directly on the
           command line.

           The parameter name id is set by default to the name of the configuration.

           If no parameters are being set and you don’t want a particular name for your
           configuration, you can call this command with a template name as the only parameter. A
           unique configuration name based on the template name will be generated.

           Usage:

               new [<config>] <template> [<template> ...] [params name=value ...]

           Example:

               new vip virtual-ip
               new bigfs ocfs2 params device=/dev/sdx8 directory=/bigfs
               new apache

       show
           Process the current or given configuration and display the result.

           Usage:

               show [<config>]

   cibstatus - CIB status management and editing
       The status section of the CIB keeps the current status of nodes and resources. It is
       modified only on events, i.e. when some resource operation is run or node status changes.
       For obvious reasons, the CRM has no user interface with which it is possible to affect the
       status section. From the user’s point of view, the status section is essentially a
       read-only part of the CIB. The current status is never even written to disk, though it is
       available in the PE (Policy Engine) input files which represent the history of cluster
       motions. The current status may be read using the cibadmin -Q command.

       It may sometimes be of interest to see how status changes would affect the Policy Engine.
       The set of ‘cibstatus` level commands allow the user to load status sections from various
       sources and then insert or modify resource operations or change nodes’ state.

       The effect of those changes may then be observed by running the ptest command at the
       configure level or simulate and run commands at this level. The ptest runs with the user
       edited CIB whereas the latter two commands run with the CIB which was loaded along with
       the status section.

       The simulate and run commands as well as all status modification commands are implemented
       using crm_simulate(8).

       load
           Load a status section from a file, a shadow CIB, or the running cluster. By default,
           the current (live) status section is modified. Note that if the live status section is
           modified it is not going to be updated if the cluster status changes, because that
           would overwrite the user changes. To make crm drop changes and resume use of the
           running cluster status, run load live.

           All CIB shadow configurations contain the status section which is a snapshot of the
           status section taken at the time the shadow was created. Obviously, this status
           section doesn’t have much to do with the running cluster status, unless the shadow CIB
           has just been created. Therefore, the ptest command by default uses the running
           cluster status section.

           Usage:

               load {<file>|shadow:<cib>|live}

           Example:

               load bug-12299.xml
               load shadow:test1

       node
           Change the node status. It is possible to throw a node out of the cluster, make it a
           member, or set its state to unclean.

           online
               Set the node_state crmd attribute to online and the expected and join attributes
               to member. The effect is that the node becomes a cluster member.

           offline
               Set the node_state crmd attribute to offline and the expected attribute to empty.
               This makes the node cleanly removed from the cluster.

           unclean
               Set the node_state crmd attribute to offline and the expected attribute to member.
               In this case the node has unexpectedly disappeared.

           Usage:

               node <node> {online|offline|unclean}

           Example:

               node xen-b unclean

       op
           Edit the outcome of a resource operation. This way you can tell CRM that it ran an
           operation and that the resource agent returned certain exit code. It is also possible
           to change the operation’s status. In case the operation status is set to something
           other than done, the exit code is effectively ignored.

           Usage:

               op <operation> <resource> <exit_code> [<op_status>] [<node>]

               operation :: probe | monitor[:<n>] | start | stop |
                  promote | demote | notify | migrate_to | migrate_from
               exit_code :: <rc> | success | generic | args |
                  unimplemented | perm | installed | configured | not_running |
                  master | failed_master
               op_status :: pending | done | cancelled | timeout | notsupported | error

               n :: the monitor interval in seconds; if omitted, the first
                  recurring operation is referenced
               rc :: numeric exit code in range 0..9

           Example:

               op start d1 xen-b generic
               op start d1 xen-b 1
               op monitor d1 xen-b not_running
               op stop d1 xen-b 0 timeout

       origin
           Show the origin of the status section currently in use. This essentially shows the
           latest load argument.

           Usage:

               origin

       quorum
           Set the quorum value.

           Usage:

               quorum <bool>

           Example:

               quorum false

       run
           Run the policy engine with the edited status section.

           Add a string of v characters to increase verbosity. Specify scores to see allocation
           scores also. utilization turns on information about the remaining capacity of nodes.

           If you have graphviz installed and X11 session, dotty(1) is run to display the changes
           graphically.

           Usage:

               run [nograph] [v...] [scores] [utilization]

           Example:

               run

       save
           The current internal status section with whatever modifications were performed can be
           saved to a file or shadow CIB.

           If the file exists and contains a complete CIB, only the status section is going to be
           replaced and the rest of the CIB will remain intact. Otherwise, the current user
           edited configuration is saved along with the status section.

           Note that all modifications are saved in the source file as soon as they are run.

           Usage:

               save [<file>|shadow:<cib>]

           Example:

               save bug-12299.xml

       show
           Show the current status section in the XML format. Brace yourself for some unreadable
           output. Add changed option to get a human readable output of all changes.

           Usage:

               show [changed]

       simulate
           Run the policy engine with the edited status section and simulate the transition.

           Add a string of v characters to increase verbosity. Specify scores to see allocation
           scores also. utilization turns on information about the remaining capacity of nodes.

           If you have graphviz installed and X11 session, dotty(1) is run to display the changes
           graphically.

           Usage:

               simulate [nograph] [v...] [scores] [utilization]

           Example:

               simulate

       ticket
           Modify the ticket status. Tickets can be granted and revoked. Granted tickets could be
           activated or put in standby.

           Usage:

               ticket <ticket> {grant|revoke|activate|standby}

           Example:

               ticket ticketA grant

   assist - Configuration assistant
       The assist sublevel is a collection of helper commands that create or modify resources and
       constraints, to simplify the creation of certain configurations.

       For more information on individual commands, see the help text for those commands.

       template
           This command takes a list of primitives as argument, and creates a new rsc_template
           for these primitives. It can only do this if the primitives do not already share a
           template and are of the same type.

           Usage:

               template primitive-1 primitive-2 primitive-3

       weak-bond
           A colocation between a group of resources says that the resources should be located
           together, but it also means that those resources are dependent on each other. If one
           of the resources fails, the others will be restarted.

           If this is not desired, it is possible to circumvent: By placing the resources in a
           non-sequential set and colocating the set with a dummy resource which is not
           monitored, the resources will be placed together but will have no further dependency
           on each other.

           This command creates both the constraint and the dummy resource needed for such a
           colocation.

           Usage:

               weak-bond resource-1 resource-2

   maintenance - Maintenance mode commands
       Maintenance mode commands are commands that manipulate resources directly without going
       through the cluster infrastructure. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the cluster
       does not attempt to monitor or manipulate the resources while these commands are being
       executed.

       To ensure this, these commands require that maintenance mode is set either for the
       particular resource, or for the whole cluster.

       action
           Invokes the given action for the resource. This is done directly via the resource
           agent, so the command must be issued while the cluster or the resource is in
           maintenance mode.

           Unless the action is start or monitor, the action must be invoked on the same node as
           where the resource is running. If the resource is running on multiple nodes, the
           command will fail.

           To use SSH for executing resource actions on multiple nodes, append ssh after the
           action name. This requires SSH access to be configured between the nodes and the
           parallax python package to be installed.

           Usage:

               action <rsc> <action>
               action <rsc> <action> ssh

           Example:

               action webserver reload
               action webserver monitor ssh

       off
           Disables maintenances mode, either for the whole cluster or for the given resource.

           Usage:

               off
               off <rsc>

           Example:

               off rsc1

       on
           Enables maintenances mode, either for the whole cluster or for the given resource.

           Usage:

               on
               on <rsc>

           Example:

               on rsc1

   history - Cluster history
       Examining Pacemaker’s history is a particularly involved task. The number of subsystems to
       be considered, the complexity of the configuration, and the set of various information
       sources, most of which are not exactly human readable, keep analyzing resource or node
       problems accessible to only the most knowledgeable. Or, depending on the point of view, to
       the most persistent. The following set of commands has been devised in hope to make
       cluster history more accessible.

       Of course, looking at all history could be time consuming regardless of how good the tools
       at hand are. Therefore, one should first say which period he or she wants to analyze. If
       not otherwise specified, the last hour is considered. Logs and other relevant information
       is collected using crm report. Since this process takes some time and we always need fresh
       logs, information is refreshed in a much faster way using the python parallax module. If
       python-parallax is not found on the system, examining a live cluster is still possible —
       though not as comfortable.

       Apart from examining a live cluster, events may be retrieved from a report generated by
       crm report (see also the -H option). In that case we assume that the period stretching the
       whole report needs to be investigated. Of course, it is still possible to further reduce
       the time range.

       If you have discovered an issue that you want to show someone else, you can use the
       session pack command to save the current session as a tarball, similar to those generated
       by crm report.

       In order to minimize the size of the tarball, and to make it easier for others to find the
       interesting events, it is recommended to limit the time frame which the saved session
       covers. This can be done using the timeframe command (example below).

       It is also possible to name the saved session using the session save command.

       Example:

           crm(live)history# limit "Jul 18 12:00" "Jul 18 12:30"
           crm(live)history# session save strange_restart
           crm(live)history# session pack
           Report saved in .../strange_restart.tar.bz2
           crm(live)history#

       detail
           How much detail to show from the logs. Valid detail levels are either 0 or 1, where 1
           is the highest detail level. The default detail level is 0.

           Usage:

               detail <detail_level>

               detail_level :: small integer (defaults to 0)

           Example:

               detail 1

       diff
           A transition represents a change in cluster configuration or state. Use diff to see
           what has changed between two transitions.

           If you want to specify the current cluster configuration and status, use the string
           live.

           Normally, the first transition specified should be the one which is older, but we are
           not going to enforce that.

           Note that a single configuration update may result in more than one transition.

           Usage:

               diff <pe> <pe> [status] [html]

               pe :: <number>|<index>|<file>|live

           Examples:

               diff 2066 2067
               diff pe-input-2080.bz2 live status

       events
           By analysing the log output and looking for particular patterns, the events command
           helps sifting through the logs to find when particular events like resources changing
           state or node failure may have occurred.

           This can be used to generate a combined list of events from all nodes.

           Usage:

               events

           Example:

               events

       exclude
           If a log is infested with irrelevant messages, those messages may be excluded by
           specifying a regular expression. The regular expressions used are Python extended.
           This command is additive. To drop all regular expressions, use exclude clear. Run
           exclude only to see the current list of regular expressions. Excludes are saved along
           with the history sessions.

           Usage:

               exclude [<regex>|clear]

           Example:

               exclude kernel.*ocfs2

       graph
           Create a graphviz graphical layout from the PE file (the transition). Every transition
           contains the cluster configuration which was active at the time. See also generate a
           directed graph from configuration.

           Usage:

               graph <pe> [<gtype> [<file> [<img_format>]]]

               gtype :: dot
               img_format :: `dot` output format (see the +-T+ option)

           Example:

               graph -1
               graph 322 dot clu1.conf.dot
               graph 322 dot clu1.conf.svg svg

       info
           The info command provides a summary of the information source, which can be either a
           live cluster snapshot or a previously generated report.

           Usage:

               info

           Example:

               info

       latest
           The latest command shows a bit of recent history, more precisely whatever happened
           since the last cluster change (the latest transition). If the transition is running,
           the shell will first wait until it finishes.

           Usage:

               latest

           Example:

               latest

       limit (timeframe)
           This command can be used to modify the time span to examine. All history commands look
           at events within a certain time span.

           For the live source, the default time span is the last hour.

           There is no time span limit for the hb_report source.

           The time period is parsed by the dateutil python module. It covers a wide range of
           date formats. For instance:

           •   3:00 (today at 3am)

           •   15:00 (today at 3pm)

           •   2010/9/1 2pm (September 1st 2010 at 2pm)

           For more examples of valid time/date statements, please refer to the python-dateutil
           documentation:

           •   dateutil.readthedocs.org

           If the dateutil module is not available, then the time is parsed using strptime and
           only the kind as printed by date(1) is allowed:

           •   Tue Sep 15 20:46:27 CEST 2010

           Usage:

               limit [<from_time>] [<to_time>]

           Examples:

               limit 10:15
               limit 15h22m 16h
               limit "Sun 5 20:46" "Sun 5 22:00"

       log
           Show messages logged on one or more nodes. Leaving out a node name produces combined
           logs of all nodes. Messages are sorted by time and, if the terminal emulations
           supports it, displayed in different colours depending on the node to allow for easier
           reading.

           The sorting key is the timestamp as written by syslog which normally has the maximum
           resolution of one second. Obviously, messages generated by events which share the same
           timestamp may not be sorted in the same way as they happened. Such close events may
           actually happen fairly often.

           Usage:

               log [<node> [<node> ...] ]

           Example:

               log node-a

       node
           Show important events that happened on a node. Important events are node lost and
           join, standby and online, and fence. Use either node names or extended regular
           expressions.

           Usage:

               node <node> [<node> ...]

           Example:

               node node1

       peinputs
           Every event in the cluster results in generating one or more Policy Engine (PE) files.
           These files describe future motions of resources. The files are listed as full paths
           in the current report directory. Add v to also see the creation time stamps.

           Usage:

               peinputs [{<range>|<number>} ...] [v]

               range :: <n1>:<n2>

           Example:

               peinputs
               peinputs 440:444 446
               peinputs v

       refresh
           This command makes sense only for the live source and makes crm collect the latest
           logs and other relevant information from the logs. If you want to make a completely
           new report, specify force.

           Usage:

               refresh [force]

       resource
           Show actions and any failures that happened on all specified resources on all nodes.
           Normally, one gives resource names as arguments, but it is also possible to use
           extended regular expressions. Note that neither groups nor clones or master/slave
           names are ever logged. The resource command is going to expand all of these
           appropriately, so that clone instances or resources which are part of a group are
           shown.

           Usage:

               resource <rsc> [<rsc> ...]

           Example:

               resource bigdb public_ip
               resource my_.*_db2
               resource ping_clone

       session
           Sometimes you may want to get back to examining a particular history period or bug
           report. In order to make that easier, the current settings can be saved and later
           retrieved.

           If the current history being examined is coming from a live cluster the logs, PE
           inputs, and other files are saved too, because they may disappear from nodes. For the
           existing reports coming from hb_report, only the directory location is saved (not to
           waste space).

           A history session may also be packed into a tarball which can then be sent to support.

           Leave out subcommand to see the current session.

           Usage:

               session [{save|load|delete} <name> | pack [<name>] | update | list]

           Examples:

               session save bnc966622
               session load rsclost-2
               session list

       setnodes
           In case the host this program runs on is not part of the cluster, it is necessary to
           set the list of nodes.

           Usage:

               setnodes node <node> [<node> ...]

           Example:

               setnodes node_a node_b

       show
           Every transition is saved as a PE file. Use this command to render that PE file either
           as configuration or status. The configuration output is the same as crm configure
           show.

           Usage:

               show <pe> [status]

               pe :: <number>|<index>|<file>|live

           Examples:

               show 2066
               show pe-input-2080.bz2 status

       source
           Events to be examined can come from the current cluster or from a hb_report report.
           This command sets the source. source live sets source to the running cluster and
           system logs. If no source is specified, the current source information is printed.

           In case a report source is specified as a file reference, the file is going to be
           unpacked in place where it resides. This directory is not removed on exit.

           Usage:

               source [<dir>|<file>|live]

           Examples:

               source live
               source /tmp/customer_case_22.tar.bz2
               source /tmp/customer_case_22
               source

       transition
           This command will print actions planned by the PE and run graphviz (dotty) to display
           a graphical representation of the transition. Of course, for the latter an X11 session
           is required. This command invokes ptest(8) in background.

           The showdot subcommand runs graphviz (dotty) to display a graphical representation of
           the .dot file which has been included in the report. Essentially, it shows the
           calculation produced by pengine which is installed on the node where the report was
           produced. In optimal case this output should not differ from the one produced by the
           locally installed pengine.

           The log subcommand shows the full log for the duration of the transition.

           A transition can also be saved to a CIB shadow for further analysis or use with cib or
           configure commands (use the save subcommand). The shadow file name defaults to the
           name of the PE input file.

           If the PE input file number is not provided, it defaults to the last one, i.e. the
           last transition. The last transition can also be referenced with number 0. If the
           number is negative, then the corresponding transition relative to the last one is
           chosen.

           If there are warning and error PE input files or different nodes were the DC in the
           observed timeframe, it may happen that PE input file numbers collide. In that case
           provide some unique part of the path to the file.

           After the ptest output, logs about events that happened during the transition are
           printed.

           The tags subcommand scans the logs for the transition and return a list of key events
           during that transition. For example, the tag error will be returned if there are any
           errors logged during the transition.

           Usage:

               transition [<number>|<index>|<file>] [nograph] [v...] [scores] [actions] [utilization]
               transition showdot [<number>|<index>|<file>]
               transition log [<number>|<index>|<file>]
               transition save [<number>|<index>|<file> [name]]
               transition tags [<number>|<index>|<file>]

           Examples:

               transition
               transition 444
               transition -1
               transition pe-error-3.bz2
               transition node-a/pengine/pe-input-2.bz2
               transition showdot 444
               transition log
               transition save 0 enigma-22

       transitions
           A transition represents a change in cluster configuration or state. This command lists
           the transitions in the current timeframe.

           Usage:

               transitions

           Example:

               transitions

       wdiff
           A transition represents a change in cluster configuration or state. Use wdiff to see
           what has changed between two transitions as word differences on a line-by-line basis.

           If you want to specify the current cluster configuration and status, use the string
           live.

           Normally, the first transition specified should be the one which is older, but we are
           not going to enforce that.

           Note that a single configuration update may result in more than one transition.

           Usage:

               wdiff <pe> <pe> [status]

               pe :: <number>|<index>|<file>|live

           Examples:

               wdiff 2066 2067
               wdiff pe-input-2080.bz2 live status

   report
       Interface to a tool for creating a cluster report. A report is an archive containing log
       files, configuration files, system information and other relevant data for a given time
       period. This is a useful tool for collecting data to attach to bug reports, or for
       detecting the root cause of errors resulting in resource failover, for example.

       See crmsh_hb_report(8) for more details on arguments, or call crm report -h

       Usage:

           report -f {time|"cts:"testnum} [-t time] [-u user] [-l file]
                  [-n nodes] [-E files] [-p patt] [-L patt] [-e prog]
                  [-MSDZAVsvhd] [dest]

       Examples:

           report -f 2pm report_1
           report -f "2007/9/5 12:30" -t "2007/9/5 14:00" report_2
           report -f 1:00 -t 3:00 -l /var/log/cluster/ha-debug report_3
           report -f "09sep07 2:00" -u hbadmin report_4
           report -f 18:00 -p "usern.*" -p "admin.*" report_5
           report -f cts:133 ctstest_133

   end (cd, up)
       The end command ends the current level and the user moves to the parent level. This
       command is available everywhere.

       Usage:

           end

   help
       The help command prints help for the current level or for the specified topic (command).
       This command is available everywhere.

       Usage:

           help [<topic>]

   quit (exit, bye)
       Leave the program.

BUGS

       Even though all sensible configurations (and most of those that are not) are going to be
       supported by the crm shell, I suspect that it may still happen that certain XML constructs
       may confuse the tool. When that happens, please file a bug report.

       The crm shell will not try to update the objects it does not understand. Of course, it is
       always possible to edit such objects in the XML format.

AUTHORS

       Dejan Muhamedagic, <dejan@suse.de> Kristoffer Gronlund <kgronlund@suse.com> and many
       OTHERS

SEE ALSO

       crm_resource(8), crm_attribute(8), crm_mon(8), cib_shadow(8), ptest(8), dotty(1),
       crm_simulate(8), cibadmin(8)

COPYING

       Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Dejan Muhamedagic. Copyright (C) 2013 Kristoffer Gronlund.

       Free use of this software is granted under the terms of the GNU General Public License
       (GPL).