Provided by: smartmontools_7.2-1ubuntu0.1_amd64 bug

NAME

       smartd - SMART Disk Monitoring Daemon

SYNOPSIS

       smartd [options]

DESCRIPTION

       [This  man  page is generated for the Linux version of smartmontools.  It does not contain
       info specific to other platforms.]

       smartd is a daemon that monitors the Self-Monitoring, Analysis  and  Reporting  Technology
       (SMART)  system  built into most ATA/SATA and SCSI/SAS hard drives and solid-state drives.
       The purpose of SMART is to monitor the reliability of the hard  drive  and  predict  drive
       failures, and to carry out different types of drive self-tests.  This version of smartd is
       compatible with ACS-3, ACS-2, ATA8-ACS, ATA/ATAPI-7 and earlier standards (see  REFERENCES
       below).

       smartd  will  attempt to enable SMART monitoring on ATA devices (equivalent to smartctl -s
       on) and polls these and SCSI devices every 30 minutes (configurable), logging SMART errors
       and  changes of SMART Attributes via the SYSLOG interface.  The default location for these
       SYSLOG notifications and warnings  is  system-dependent  (typically  /var/log/messages  or
       /var/log/syslog).   To  change  this  default  location,  please see the '-l' command-line
       option described below.

       In addition to logging to a file, smartd can also be configured to send email warnings  if
       problems are detected.  Depending upon the type of problem, you may want to run self-tests
       on the disk, back up the disk, replace the disk, or use a manufacturer's utility to  force
       reallocation of bad or unreadable disk sectors.  If disk problems are detected, please see
       the smartctl manual page and the smartmontools web page/FAQ for further guidance.

       If you send a USR1 signal to smartd it will immediately check the status of the disks, and
       then  return  to  polling  the  disks  every  30  minutes.   See the '-i' option below for
       additional details.

       smartd can be  configured  at  start-up  using  the  configuration  file  /etc/smartd.conf
       (Windows: EXEDIR/smartd.conf).  If the configuration file is subsequently modified, smartd
       can be told to re-read the configuration file by sending it a HUP signal, for example with
       the command:
       killall -HUP smartd.

       On  startup,  if  smartd  finds a syntax error in the configuration file, it will print an
       error message and then exit.  However if smartd is already running, then is  told  with  a
       HUP  signal  to re-read the configuration file, and then find a syntax error in this file,
       it will print an error message and then continue, ignoring the contents  of  the  (faulty)
       configuration file, as if the HUP signal had never been received.

       When smartd is running in debug mode, the INT signal (normally generated from a shell with
       CONTROL-C) is treated in the same way  as  a  HUP  signal:  it  makes  smartd  reload  its
       configuration file.  To exit smartd use CONTROL-\.

       [Linux  only]  [NEW  EXPERMIMENTAL  SMARTD  FEATURE]  If smartd is started as a systemd(1)
       service and 'Type=Notify' is specified  in  the  service  file,  the  service  manager  is
       notified  after  successful  startup.  Other state changes are reported via systemd notify
       STATUS messages.  Notification of successful reloads (after HUP signal) is not  supported.
       To  detect  this  process  start-up  type,  smartd checks whether the environment variable
       'NOTIFY_SOCKET' is set.  Note that it is required to set the '-n' ('--nofork')  option  in
       the 'ExecStart=/usr/sbin/smartd' command line if 'Type=Notify' is used.

       On  startup,  in the absence of the configuration file /etc/smartd.conf, the smartd daemon
       first scans for all devices that support SMART.  The scanning is done as follows:

       LINUX:   Examine all entries  "/dev/hd[a-t]"  for  IDE/ATA  devices,  and  "/dev/sd[a-z]",
                "/dev/sd[a-c][a-z]"   for  ATA/SATA  or  SCSI/SAS  devices.   Disks  behind  RAID
                controllers are not included.

                If directive '-d nvme' or no '-d' directive is  specified,  examine  all  entries
                "/dev/nvme[0-99]" for NVMe devices.

       smartd then monitors for all possible SMART errors (corresponding to the '-a' Directive in
       the configuration file; see the smartd.conf(5) man page).

OPTIONS

       -A PREFIX, --attributelog=PREFIX
              Writes smartd attribute information (normalized and raw attribute values) to  files
              'PREFIX''MODEL-SERIAL.ata.csv'  or 'PREFIX''VENDOR-MODEL-SERIAL.scsi.csv'.  At each
              check cycle attributes are logged as a line of semicolon separated triplets of  the
              form  "attribute-ID;attribute-norm-value;attribute-raw-value;".   For  SCSI devices
              error counters and temperature recorded in the form  "counter-name;counter-value;".
              Each line is led by a date string of the form "yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS" (in UTC).

              If  this  option  is  not  specified,  attribute  information  is  written to files
              '/var/lib/smartmontools/attrlog.MODEL-SERIAL.ata.csv'.  To  disable  attribute  log
              files,  specify  this  option  with  an  empty string argument: '-A ""'.  MODEL and
              SERIAL are build from drive identify information, invalid characters  are  replaced
              by underline.

              If  the  PREFIX  has  the  form  '/path/dir/' (e.g. '/var/lib/smartd/'), then files
              'MODEL-SERIAL.ata.csv' are created in directory '/path/dir'.  If the PREFIX has the
              form      '/path/name'      (e.g.     '/var/lib/misc/attrlog-'),     then     files
              'nameMODEL-SERIAL.ata.csv' are created in directory '/path/'.   The  path  must  be
              absolute, except if debug mode is enabled.

       -B [+]FILE, --drivedb=[+]FILE
              [ATA  only] Read the drive database from FILE.  The new database replaces the built
              in database by default.  If '+' is specified, then  the  new  entries  prepend  the
              built in entries.  Please see the smartctl(8) man page for further details.

       -c FILE, --configfile=FILE
              Read  smartd  configuration  Directives  from  FILE,  instead  of  from the default
              location /etc/smartd.conf (Windows: EXEDIR/smartd.conf).  If FILE does  not  exist,
              then  smartd  will  print an error message and exit with nonzero status.  Thus, '-c
              /etc/smartd.conf' can be used to verify the existence of the default  configuration
              file.

              By  using  '-'  for  FILE,  the configuration is read from standard input.  This is
              useful for commands like:
              echo /dev/sdb -m user@home -M test | smartd -c - -q onecheck
              to perform quick and simple checks without a configuration file.

       -C, --capabilities
              [Linux only] Use libcap-ng to drop unneeded  Linux  process  capabilities(7).   The
              following capabilities are kept: CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SYS_RAWIO, CAP_MKNOD.

              Warning: Mail notification does not work when used.

       -d, --debug
              Runs  smartd  in  "debug"  mode.   In  this mode, it displays status information to
              STDOUT rather than logging it to SYSLOG and does not fork(2)  into  the  background
              and  detach  from  the controlling terminal.  In this mode, smartd also prints more
              verbose information about what it is doing than when operating  in  "daemon"  mode.
              In  this  mode,  the INT signal (normally generated from a terminal with CONTROL-C)
              makes smartd reload its configuration file.  Please use CONTROL-\ to exit

       -D, --showdirectives
              Prints a list (to STDOUT) of all the possible Directives which may  appear  in  the
              configuration   file  /etc/smartd.conf,  and  then  exits.   These  Directives  are
              described in the smartd.conf(5) man page.  They may  appear  in  the  configuration
              file following the device name.

       -h, --help, --usage
              Prints usage message to STDOUT and exits.

       -i N, --interval=N
              Sets  the  interval between disk checks to N seconds, where N is a decimal integer.
              The minimum allowed value is ten and the maximum is the  largest  positive  integer
              that  can  be  represented  on  your  system  (often  2^31-1).  The default is 1800
              seconds.

              Note that the superuser can make smartd check the status of the disks at  any  time
              by sending it the SIGUSR1 signal, for example with the command:
              kill -SIGUSR1 <pid>
              where <pid> is the process id number of smartd.  One may also use:
              killall -USR1 smartd
              for the same purpose.

       -l FACILITY, --logfacility=FACILITY
              Uses  syslog  facility  FACILITY to log the messages from smartd.  Here FACILITY is
              one of local0, local1, ..., local7, or  daemon  [default].   If  this  command-line
              option is not used, then by default messages from smartd are logged to the facility
              daemon.

              If you would like to have smartd messages logged somewhere other than  the  default
              location,  include  (for  example) '-l local3' in its start up argument list.  Tell
              the syslog daemon to log  all  messages  from  facility  local3  to  (for  example)
              '/var/log/smartd.log'.

              For  more  detailed information, please refer to the man pages for the local syslog
              daemon, typically syslogd(8), syslog-ng(8) or rsyslogd(8).

       -n, --no-fork
              Do not fork into background; this is useful when executed from modern init  methods
              like initng, minit, supervise or systemd.

       -p NAME, --pidfile=NAME
              Writes  pidfile  NAME  containing  the  smartd  Process  ID number (PID).  To avoid
              symlink attacks make sure the  directory  to  which  pidfile  is  written  is  only
              writable  for root.  Without this option, or if the --debug option is given, no PID
              file is written on startup.  If smartd is killed with a maskable  signal  then  the
              pidfile is removed.

       -q WHEN, --quit=WHEN
              Specifies  when,  if  ever,  smartd  should  exit.  The valid arguments are to this
              option are:

              nodev - Exit if there are no devices to monitor, or if  any  errors  are  found  at
              startup in the configuration file.

              errors - Exit if there are no devices to monitor, or if any errors are found in the
              configuration file /etc/smartd.conf at startup or whenever it is reloaded.

              nodevstartup - Exit if there are no devices to monitor at startup.  But continue to
              run if no devices are found whenever the configuration file is reloaded.

              never  -  Only  exit  if  a fatal error occurs (no remaining system memory, invalid
              command line arguments).  In this mode, even if there are no devices to monitor, or
              if the configuration file /etc/smartd.conf has errors, smartd will continue to run,
              waiting to load a configuration file listing valid devices.  This is the default.

              onecheck - Start smartd in debug mode, then register devices, then  check  device's
              SMART status once, and then exit with zero exit status if all of these steps worked
              correctly.

              This last  option  is  intended  for  'distribution-writers'  who  want  to  create
              automated  scripts  to  determine  whether  or not to automatically start up smartd
              after installing smartmontools.   After  starting  smartd  with  this  command-line
              option,  the distribution's install scripts should wait a reasonable length of time
              (say ten seconds).  If smartd has not exited with zero status  by  that  time,  the
              script  should  send  smartd  a  SIGTERM or SIGKILL and assume that smartd will not
              operate correctly on the host.  Conversely, if smartd exits with zero status,  then
              it is safe to run smartd in normal daemon mode.  If smartd is unable to monitor any
              devices or encounters other problems then it will return with non-zero exit status.

              showtests - Start smartd in debug mode, then register devices, then write a list of
              future  scheduled  self tests to stdout, and then exit with zero exit status if all
              of these steps worked correctly.  Device's SMART status is not checked.

              This option is intended to test whether the '-s REGEX'  directives  in  smartd.conf
              will have the desired effect.  The output lists the next test schedules, limited to
              5 tests per type and device.  This is followed by a summary of all  tests  of  each
              device within the next 90 days.

       -r TYPE, --report=TYPE
              Intended  primarily  to  help  smartmontools  developers understand the behavior of
              smartmontools on non-conforming or poorly-conforming hardware.  This option reports
              details  of  smartd  transactions with the device.  The option can be used multiple
              times.  When used just once, it shows a record of the ioctl() transactions with the
              device.   When  used  more  than once, the detail of these ioctl() transactions are
              reported in greater detail.  The valid arguments to this option are:

              ioctl - report all ioctl() transactions.

              ataioctl - report only ioctl() transactions with ATA devices.

              scsiioctl - report only ioctl() transactions with SCSI devices.

              nvmeioctl - report only ioctl() transactions with NVMe devices.

              Any argument may include a positive integer to specify the  level  of  detail  that
              should  be  reported.   The argument should be followed by a comma then the integer
              with no spaces.  For example, ataioctl,2 The default level is 1, so '-r ataioctl,1'
              and '-r ataioctl' are equivalent.

       -s PREFIX, --savestates=PREFIX
              Reads/writes        smartd        state       information       from/to       files
              'PREFIX''MODEL-SERIAL.ata.state' or 'PREFIX''VENDOR-MODEL-SERIAL.scsi.state'.  This
              preserves  SMART  attributes,  drive  min and max temperatures (-W directive), info
              about last sent warning email (-m directive), and the time of  next  check  of  the
              self-test REGEXP (-s directive) across boot cycles.

              If  this  option  is  not  specified,  state  information  is  maintained  in files
              '/var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.MODEL-SERIAL.ata.state'   for   ATA   devices    and
              '/var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.VENDOR-MODEL-SERIAL.scsi.state'  for  SCSI  devices.
              To disable state files, specify this option with an empty string argument: '-s ""'.
              MODEL  and SERIAL are build from drive identify information, invalid characters are
              replaced by underline.

              If the PREFIX has the  form  '/path/dir/'  (e.g.  '/var/lib/smartd/'),  then  files
              'MODEL-SERIAL.ata.state'  are  created in directory '/path/dir'.  If the PREFIX has
              the    form    '/path/name'    (e.g.    '/var/lib/misc/smartd-'),    then     files
              'nameMODEL-SERIAL.ata.state'  are  created in directory '/path/'.  The path must be
              absolute, except if debug mode is enabled.

              The state information files are read on  smartd  startup.   The  files  are  always
              (re)written   after   reading   the   configuration   file,  before  rereading  the
              configuration file (SIGHUP), before smartd shutdown, and after a  check  forced  by
              SIGUSR1.   After  a  normal  check  cycle, a file is only rewritten if an important
              change (which usually results in a SYSLOG output) occurred.

       -w PATH, --warnexec=PATH
              Run the executable PATH instead of the default script when  smartd  needs  to  send
              warning  messages.   PATH  must  point to an executable binary file or script.  The
              default script is /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd_warning.sh.

       -V, --version, --license, --copyright
              Prints version, copyright, license, home page and SVN revision information for your
              copy of smartd to STDOUT and then exits.

EXAMPLES

       smartd
       Runs the daemon in forked mode.  This is the normal way to run smartd.  Entries are logged
       to SYSLOG.

       smartd -d -i 30
       Run in foreground (debug) mode, checking the disk status every 30 seconds.

       smartd -q onecheck
       Registers devices, and checks the status of the devices exactly  once.   The  exit  status
       (the  shell  $?   variable)  will be zero if all went well, and nonzero if no devices were
       detected or some other problem was encountered.

CONFIGURATION

       The syntax of the smartd.conf(5) file is discussed separately.

NOTES

       smartd will make log entries at loglevel LOG_INFO if the Normalized SMART Attribute values
       have changed, as reported using the '-t', '-p', or '-u' Directives.  For example:
       'Device: /dev/sda, SMART Attribute: 194 Temperature_Celsius changed from 94 to 93'
       Note  that  in  this  message, the value given is the 'Normalized' not the 'Raw' Attribute
       value (the disk temperature in this  case  is  about  22  Celsius).   The  '-R'  and  '-r'
       Directives modify this behavior, so that the information is printed with the Raw values as
       well, for example:
       'Device: /dev/sda, SMART Attribute: 194 Temperature_Celsius changed from 94 [Raw 22] to 93
       [Raw 23]'
       Here the Raw values are the actual disk temperatures in Celsius.  The way in which the Raw
       values are printed, and the names under which the Attributes are reported, is governed  by
       the various '-v Num,Description' Directives described previously.

       Please  see  the  smartctl  manual page for further explanation of the differences between
       Normalized and Raw Attribute values.

       smartd will make log entries at loglevel LOG_CRIT if a SMART  Attribute  has  failed,  for
       example:
       'Device: /dev/sdc, Failed SMART Attribute: 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct'
        This  loglevel  is  used  for  reporting  enabled  by  the  '-H', -f', '-l selftest', and
       '-l error' Directives.  Entries reporting failure of SMART  Prefailure  Attributes  should
       not  be  ignored:  they  mean  that  the  disk  is  failing.   Use the smartctl utility to
       investigate.

LOG TIMESTAMP TIMEZONE

       When smartd makes log entries, these  are  time-stamped.   The  time  stamps  are  in  the
       computer's  local  time zone, which is generally set using either the environment variable
       'TZ' or using a time-zone file such  as  /etc/localtime.   You  may  wish  to  change  the
       timezone  while  smartd  is running (for example, if you carry a laptop to a new time-zone
       and don't reboot it).  Due to a bug in the tzset(3)  function  of  many  unix  standard  C
       libraries, the time-zone stamps of smartd might not change.  For some systems, smartd will
       work around this problem if the time-zone is set using  /etc/localtime.   The  work-around
       fails if the time-zone is set using the 'TZ' variable (or a file that it points to).

EXIT STATUS

       The exit status (return value) of smartd can have the following values:

       0:     Daemon  startup  successful, or smartd was killed by a SIGTERM (or in debug mode, a
              SIGQUIT).

       1:     Commandline did not parse.

       2:     There was a syntax error in the config file.

       3:     Forking the daemon failed.

       4:     Couldn't create PID file.

       5:     Config file does not exist (only returned in conjunction with the '-c' option).

       6:     Config file exists, but cannot be read.

       8:     smartd ran out of memory during startup.

       10:    An inconsistency was found in smartd's internal data structures.  This should never
              happen.   It  must  be  due to either a coding or compiler bug.  Please report such
              failures to smartmontools developers, see REPORTING BUGS below.

       16:    A device explicitly listed in /etc/smartd.conf can't be monitored.

       17:    smartd didn't find any devices to monitor.

       254:   When in daemon mode, smartd received a SIGINT or  SIGQUIT.   (Note  that  in  debug
              mode,  SIGINT  has  the  same  effect  as  SIGHUP,  and  makes  smartd  reload  its
              configuration file.  SIGQUIT has the same effect as SIGTERM and  causes  smartd  to
              exit with zero exit status.

       132 and above
              smartd was killed by a signal that is not explicitly listed above.  The exit status
              is then 128 plus the signal number.  For example if smartd  is  killed  by  SIGKILL
              (signal 9) then the exit status is 137.

FILES

       /usr/sbin/smartd
              full path of this executable.

       /etc/smartd.conf
              configuration file (see smartd.conf(5) man page).

       /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd_warning.sh
              script  run  on  warnings  (see  '-w'  option  above  and  '-M  exec'  directive on
              smartd.conf(5) man page).

       /etc/smartmontools/smartd_warning.d/
              plugin directory for smartd warning script (see '-m'  directive  on  smartd.conf(5)
              man page).

       /var/lib/smartmontools/drivedb/drivedb.h
              drive database (see '-B' option).

       /etc/smart_drivedb.h
              optional local drive database (see '-B' option).

AUTHORS

       Bruce Allen (project initiator),
       Christian Franke (project manager, Windows port and all sort of things),
       Douglas Gilbert (SCSI subsystem),
       Volker Kuhlmann (moderator of support and database mailing list),
       Gabriele Pohl (wiki & development team support),
       Alex Samorukov (FreeBSD port and more, new Trac wiki).

       Many other individuals have made contributions and corrections, see AUTHORS, ChangeLog and
       repository files.

       The first smartmontools code was derived from the smartsuite package, written  by  Michael
       Cornwell and Andre Hedrick.

REPORTING BUGS

       To submit a bug report, create a ticket in smartmontools wiki:
       <https://www.smartmontools.org/>.
       Alternatively send the info to the smartmontools support mailing list:
       <https://listi.jpberlin.de/mailman/listinfo/smartmontools-support>.

SEE ALSO

       smartd.conf(5), smartctl(8).
       update-smart-drivedb(8).
       systemd.exec(5).

REFERENCES

       Please see the following web site for more info: <https://www.smartmontools.org/>

       An  introductory article about smartmontools is Monitoring Hard Disks with SMART, by Bruce
       Allen,      Linux      Journal,      January      2004,      pages       74–77.        See
       <https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6983>.

       If  you would like to understand better how SMART works, and what it does, a good place to
       start is with Sections 4.8 and 6.54 of the first volume of the 'AT Attachment with  Packet
       Interface-7'   (ATA/ATAPI-7)   specification   Revision  4b.   This  documents  the  SMART
       functionality which the smartmontools utilities provide access to.

       The functioning of SMART was originally defined  by  the  SFF-8035i  revision  2  and  the
       SFF-8055i  revision  1.4 specifications.  These are publications of the Small Form Factors
       (SFF) Committee.

       Links to these and other documents may be found on the Links  page  of  the  smartmontools
       Wiki at <https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Links>.

PACKAGE VERSION

       smartmontools-7.2 2020-12-30 r5155
       $Id: smartd.8.in 4861 2018-12-16 18:24:57Z chrfranke $