Provided by:
git-core_1.6.3.3-2_i386 
NAME
git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects
SYNOPSIS
git push [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
[--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose]
[<repository> <refspec>...]
DESCRIPTION
Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects necessary
to complete the given refs.
You can make interesting things happen to a repository every time you
push into it, by setting up hooks there. See documentation for git-
receive-pack(1).
OPTIONS
<repository>
The "remote" repository that is destination of a push operation.
This parameter can be either a URL (see the section GIT URLS below)
or the name of a remote (see the section REMOTES below).
<refspec>...
The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus {plus},
followed by the source ref <src>, followed by a colon :, followed
by the destination ref <dst>. It is used to specify with what <src>
object the <dst> ref in the remote repository is to be updated.
The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push,
but it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as master~4 or
HEAD (see git-rev-parse(1)).
The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
be named. If :<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
updated.
The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst>
reference on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed
if the update can fast forward <dst>. By having the optional
leading {plus}, you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when
the update is not a fast forward. This does not attempt to merge
<src> into <dst>. See EXAMPLES below for details.
tag <tag> means the same as refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>.
Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from the
remote repository.
The special refspec : (or {plus}: to allow non-fast forward
updates) directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch
that exists on the local side, the remote side is updated if a
branch of the same name already exists on the remote side. This is
the default operation mode if no explicit refspec is found (that is
neither on the command line nor in any Push line of the
corresponding remotes file---see below).
--all
Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all refs under
$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/ be pushed.
--mirror
Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all refs under
$GIT_DIR/refs/ (which includes but is not limited to refs/heads/,
refs/remotes/, and refs/tags/) be mirrored to the remote
repository. Newly created local refs will be pushed to the remote
end, locally updated refs will be force updated on the remote end,
and deleted refs will be removed from the remote end. This is the
default if the configuration option remote.<remote>.mirror is set.
--dry-run
Do everything except actually send the updates.
--tags
All refs under $GIT_DIR/refs/tags are pushed, in addition to
refspecs explicitly listed on the command line.
--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>, --exec=<git-receive-pack>
Path to the git-receive-pack program on the remote end. Sometimes
useful when pushing to a remote repository over ssh, and you do not
have the program in a directory on the default $PATH.
-f, --force
Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is not an
ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it. This flag disables
the check. This can cause the remote repository to lose commits;
use it with care.
--repo=<repository>
This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is passed
in the invocation. In this case, git-push derives the remote name
from the current branch: If it tracks a remote branch, then that
remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise, the name "origin" is
used. For this latter case, this option can be used to override the
name "origin". In other words, the difference between these two
commands
git push public #1
git push --repo=public #2
is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
useful if you write an alias or script around git-push.
--thin, --no-thin
These options are passed to git-send-pack. Thin transfer spends
extra cycles to minimize the number of objects to be sent and meant
to be used on slower connection.
-v, --verbose
Run verbosely.
GIT URLS
One of the following notations can be used to name the remote
repository:
· rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
· http://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
· https://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
· git://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
· git://host.xz[:port]/~user/path/to/repo.git/
· ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
· ssh://[user@]host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
· ssh://[user@]host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/
· ssh://[user@]host.xz/~/path/to/repo.git
SSH is the default transport protocol over the network. You can
optionally specify which user to log-in as, and an alternate, scp-like
syntax is also supported. Both syntaxes support username expansion, as
does the native git protocol, but only the former supports port
specification. The following three are identical to the last three
above, respectively:
· [user@]host.xz:/path/to/repo.git/
· [user@]host.xz:~user/path/to/repo.git/
· [user@]host.xz:path/to/repo.git
To sync with a local directory, you can use:
· /path/to/repo.git/
· file:///path/to/repo.git/
They are mostly equivalent, except when cloning. See git-clone(1) for
details.
If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you use
will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a configuration
section of the form:
[url "<actual url base>"]
insteadOf = <other url base>
For example, with this:
[url "git://git.host.xz/"]
insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
insteadOf = work:
a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be
"git://git.host.xz/repo.git".
REMOTES
The name of one of the following can be used instead of a URL as
<repository> argument:
· a remote in the git configuration file: $GIT_DIR/config,
· a file in the $GIT_DIR/remotes directory, or
· a file in the $GIT_DIR/branches directory.
All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line
because they each contain a refspec which git will use by default.
Named remote in configuration file
You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously
configured using git-remote(1), git-config(1) or even by a manual edit
to the $GIT_DIR/config file. The URL of this remote will be used to
access the repository. The refspec of this remote will be used by
default when you do not provide a refspec on the command line. The
entry in the config file would appear like this:
[remote "<name>"]
url = <url>
push = <refspec>
fetch = <refspec>
Named file in $GIT_DIR/remotes
You can choose to provide the name of a file in $GIT_DIR/remotes. The
URL in this file will be used to access the repository. The refspec in
this file will be used as default when you do not provide a refspec on
the command line. This file should have the following format:
URL: one of the above URL format
Push: <refspec>
Pull: <refspec>
Push: lines are used by git-push and Pull: lines are used by git-pull
and git-fetch. Multiple Push: and Pull: lines may be specified for
additional branch mappings.
Named file in $GIT_DIR/branches
You can choose to provide the name of a file in $GIT_DIR/branches. The
URL in this file will be used to access the repository. This file
should have the following format:
<url>#<head>
<url> is required; #<head> is optional.
Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following refspecs,
if you don’t provide one on the command line. <branch> is the name of
this file in $GIT_DIR/branches and <head> defaults to master.
git fetch uses:
refs/heads/<head>:refs/heads/<branch>
git push uses:
HEAD:refs/heads/<head>
OUTPUT
The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
locally or via ssh).
The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:
<flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>)
flag
A single character indicating the status of the ref. This is blank
for a successfully pushed ref, ! for a ref that was rejected or
failed to push, and = for a ref that was up to date and did not
need pushing (note that the status of up to date refs is shown only
when git push is running verbosely).
summary
For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
git log (this is <old>..<new> in most cases, and <old>...<new> for
forced non-fast forward updates). For a failed update, more details
are given for the failure. The string rejected indicates that git
did not try to send the ref at all (typically because it is not a
fast forward). The string remote rejected indicates that the remote
end refused the update; this rejection is typically caused by a
hook on the remote side. The string remote failure indicates that
the remote end did not report the successful update of the ref
(perhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a break
in the network connection, or other transient error).
from
The name of the local ref being pushed, minus its refs/<type>/
prefix. In the case of deletion, the name of the local ref is
omitted.
to
The name of the remote ref being updated, minus its refs/<type>/
prefix.
reason
A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully pushed
refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
failure is described.
EXAMPLES
git push
Works like git push <remote>, where <remote> is the current
branch’s remote (or origin, if no remote is configured for the
current branch).
git push origin
Without additional configuration, works like git push origin :.
The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can
be configured by setting the push option of the remote.
For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to
origin use git config remote.origin.push HEAD. Any valid <refspec>
(like the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the
default for git push origin.
git push origin
Push "matching" branches to origin. See <refspec> in the
OPTIONS section above for a description of "matching" branches.
git push origin master
Find a ref that matches master in the source repository (most
likely, it would find refs/heads/master), and update the same ref
(e.g. refs/heads/master) in origin repository with it. If master
did not exist remotely, it would be created.
git push origin HEAD
A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
remote.
git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev
Use the source ref that matches master (e.g. refs/heads/master) to
update the ref that matches satellite/master (most probably
refs/remotes/satellite/master) in the origin repository, then do
the same for dev and satellite/dev.
git push origin HEAD:master
Push the current branch to the remote ref matching master in the
origin repository. This form is convenient to push the current
branch without thinking about its local name.
git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental
Create the branch experimental in the origin repository by copying
the current master branch. This form is only needed to create a new
branch or tag in the remote repository when the local name and the
remote name are different; otherwise, the ref name on its own will
work.
git push origin :experimental
Find a ref that matches experimental in the origin repository (e.g.
refs/heads/experimental), and delete it.
git push origin +dev:master
Update the origin repository’s master branch with the dev branch,
allowing non-fast forward updates. This can leave unreferenced
commits dangling in the origin repository. Consider the following
situation, where a fast forward is not possible:
o---o---o---A---B origin/master
\
X---Y---Z dev
The above command would change the origin repository to
A---B (unnamed branch)
/
o---o---o---X---Y---Z master
Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic
name, and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be
removed by a git gc command on the origin repository.
AUTHOR
Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com[1]>, later rewritten in C
by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org[2]>
DOCUMENTATION
Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list
<git@vger.kernel.org[3]>.
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite
NOTES
1. gitster@pobox.com
mailto:gitster@pobox.com
2. torvalds@osdl.org
mailto:torvalds@osdl.org
3. git@vger.kernel.org
mailto:git@vger.kernel.org