Provided by: cpuid_20230614-1_amd64 bug

NAME

       cpuid - Dump CPUID information for each CPU

SYNOPSIS

       cpuid [options...]

DESCRIPTION

       cpuid dumps detailed information about the CPU(s) gathered from the CPUID instruction, and
       also determines the exact model of CPU(s) from that information.

       It dumps all information available from the CPUID instruction.  The  exact  collection  of
       information   available  varies  between  manufacturers  and  processors.   The  following
       information is available consistently on all modern CPUs:

            vendor_id
            version information (1/eax)
            miscellaneous (1/ebx)
            feature information (1/ecx)

       It also produces synthetic fields based on  information  from  multiple  CPUID  functions.
       Currently,  the  synthetic  fields  are  the  exact model of each CPU (but see LIMITATIONS
       below) as (synth); the multiprocessing characteristics including the number of  cores  per
       chip  (c)  and  the number of hyperthreads per core (t) as (multi-processing synth); and a
       decoding of the APIC physical ID as (APIC synth).

       The determination of the model is based on the following information:

            version information (1/eax), processor type
            version information (1/eax), family
            version information (1/eax), model
            version information (1/eax), stepping id
            version information (1/eax), extended family
            version information (1/eax), extended model
            feature information (1/ecx), virtual machine extensions
            brand id (1/ebx)
            brand (0x80000004)
            cache and TLB information (2)
            deterministic cache parameters (4/eax), extra processor cores
            AMD extended brand id (0x80000001/ebx)
            AMD extended processor signature (0x80000001/eax)
            Transmeta processor revision ID (0x80860001/ebx & ecx)

       The determination of the multiprocessing characteristics and decoding of APIC physical  ID
       is based on the following information:

            feature information (1/edx), hyper-threading / multi-core supported
            miscellaneous (1/ebx), cpu count
            deterministic cache parameters (4/eax), extra processor cores on this die
            x2APIC features / processor topology (0xb)
            AMD feature flags (0x80000001/ecx)
            AMD Logical CPU cores (0x80000008/ecx), number of logical CPU cores - 1

       In  addition,  a  simpler and coarser determination of the CPU is performed using only the
       information listed above under version information (1/eax).  It  is  provided  as  (simple
       synth)  under  version information (1/eax).  However, it tends to be unable to distinguish
       between various modern CPUs.

OPTIONS

       cpuid accepts the following command line arguments:

       -1, --one-cpu
               Display information only for the first CPU.  This cuts down on  the  output  on  a
               multiprocessor system, and is useful when certain that all CPUs are identical.

       -f FILE, --file=FILE
               Read  raw  hex  information  from  FILE  instead  of  from executions of the cpuid
               instruction.  If the filename is '-', instead read from standard input.

       -l LEAF, --leaf=LEAF
               Display information only for the specified LEAF.

       -s SUBLEAF, --subleaf=SUBLEAF
               Display information only for the specified SUBLEAF.  It requires the -l or  --leaf
               option to specify the LEAF.

       -h, -H, --help
               Display help information.

       -i, --inst
               Use  the  CPUID  instruction.  The information it provides is reliable.  It is not
               necessary to be root to use this option.  (This option is the default.)

       -k, --kernel
               Use the CPUID kernel module.  The information does not seem to be reliable on  all
               combinations  of  CPU  type  and kernel version.  Typically, it is necessary to be
               root to use this option.

       -r, --raw
               Display only raw hex information with no decoding.

       -v, --version
               Display cpuid version.

LIMITATIONS

       There are numerous cases where there is no way to distinguish between various CPUs in  the
       (synth)  information.  In some cases, the sizes of caches, number of cores, brand strings,
       etc., can be used to distinguish multiple CPUs with the same family and model.  But  there
       are cases where that information is insufficient.  Whenever cpuid is unable to distinguish
       between multiple CPUs, it will list all known possibilities.

       If you believe that a certain processor should be  distinguishable  from  another  and  it
       isn't, please inform the author of this tool.

       The  (multi-processing synth) information is unreliable on many processors.  It faithfully
       reports the information provided by the CPUID instruction and decodes it as recommended by
       the  processor  manufacturers,  but  often that information is incorrect.  The information
       seems to indicate the architecture's capabilities, rather than what  the  particular  chip
       actually  does.   In  particular,  it  seems commonplace to claim the presence of multiple
       hyperthreads when there is only one.

INFORMATION SOURCES

       Information on the CPUID instruction and on specific CPUs is available from the  following
       documents from Intel Corporation <http://www.intel.com/support/processors/index.htm>, with
       the specified Document Numbers:

              241618: Intel Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction, Application  Note
              485
              242480: Pentium Processor Specification Update
              242689: Pentium Pro Processor Specification Update
              243326: 60- and 66-MHz Pentium Processor Specification Update
              243337: Intel Pentium II Processor Specification Update
              243748: Intel Celeron Processor Specification Update
              243776: Intel Pentium II Xeon Processor Specification Update
              243887: Mobile Intel Pentium II Processor Specification Update
              244444:  Mobile  Intel Celeron Processor at 466 MHz, 433 MHz, 400 MHz, 366 MHz, 333
              MHz, 300 MHz, and 266 MHz Specification Update
              244453: Intel Pentium III Processor Specification Update
              244460: Intel Pentium III Xeon Processor Specification Update
              245306: Mobile Intel Pentium III Processor and Mobile Intel Pentium III Processor-M
              Specification Update
              245421: Mobile Intel Celeron Processor (0.18u and 0.13u) Specification Update
              249199: Intel Pentium 4 Processor Specification Update
              249678: Intel Xeon Processor Specification Update
              250721: Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor-M Specification Update
              251309: Mobile Intel Celeron Processor on .13 Micron Process in Micro-FCPGA Package
              Specification Update
              252665: Intel Pentium M Processor Specification Update
              253176: Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor with  533  MHz  System  Bus  Specification
              Update
              253666:   64  and  IA-32  Architectures  Software  Developer's  Manual  Volume  2A:
              Instruction Set Reference, A-M.
              276613: Detecting Multi-Core Processor Topology  in  an  IA-32  Platform  by  Khang
              Nguyen and Shihjong Kuo
              290741: Intel Xeon Processor MP Specification Update
              290749: Intel Celeron Processor in the 478-Pin Package Specification Update
              300303: Intel Celeron M Processor Specification Update
              302209:  Intel Pentium M Processor on 90nm Process with 2-MB L2 Cache Specification
              Update
              302352: Intel Pentium 4 Processor on 90 nm Process Specification Update
              302354: Intel Celeron D Processor 3xx Sequence Specification Update
              302402: Intel Xeon Processor with 800 MHz System Bus
              302441: Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor supporting Hyper-Threading  Technology  on
              90-nm process technology Specification Update
              306752: 64-bit Intel Xeon Processor MP with 1 MB L2 Cache Specification Update
              306757:  64-bit  Intel  Xeon  Processor  MP  with up to 8 MB L3 Cache Specification
              Update
              306832: Intel Pentium Processor Extreme  Edition  and  Intel  Pentium  D  Processor
              Specification Update
              309159: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 2.80 GHz Specification Update
              309222:  Intel  Core  Duo  Processor and Intel Core Solo Processor on 65 nm Process
              Specification Update
              309627: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 7000 Sequence Specification Update
              310307: Intel Pentium D Processor 900 Sequence and Intel Pentium Processor  Extreme
              Edition 955, 965 Specification Update
              310309: Intel Pentium 4 Processor 6x1 Sequence Specification Update
              311392:  Dual-Core  Intel  Xeon  Processor  LV and ULV Specification Update 311827:
              Intel Celeron D Processor 300 Sequence Specification Update
              313065: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 5000 Series Specification Update
              313279: Intel Core 2 Extreme Processor X6800 and Intel Core 2 Duo Desktop Processor
              E6000 Sequence Specification Update
              313356: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 5100 Series Specification Update
              313515: Intel Pentium Dual-Core Processor Specification Update
              314079:  Intel  Core  2  Duo and Intel Core 2 Solo Processor for Intel Centrino Duo
              Processor Technology  Intel  Celeron  Processor  500  Series  Specification  Update
              314554: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 7100 Series Specification Update
              314916: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 3000 Series Specification Update
              315593:  Intel  Core 2 Extreme Quad-Core Processor QX6000 Sequence and Intel Core 2
              Quad Processor Q6000 Sequence Specification Update
              316134: Quad-Core Intel Xeon Processor 3200 Series Specification Update
              316515: Intel Pentium Dual-Core Processor Specification Update
              316964: Intel Celeron Processor 400 Series Specification Update
              316982: Intel Pentium Dual-Core Desktop Processor E2000 Series Specification Update
              317667: Intel Celeron Processor 500 Series Specification Update
              318081: Intel Xeon Processor 7200 and 7300 Series Specification Update
              318547: Intel Celeron Processor 200 Sequence Specification Update
              318585: Intel Xeon Processor 5400 Series Specification Update
              318586: Intel Xeon Processor 5200 Series Specification Update
              318727: Intel Core 2  Extreme  Processor  QX9000  Series  and  Intel  Core  2  Quad
              Processor Q9000, Q9000S, Q8000, Q8000S Series Specification Update
              318733: Intel Core 2 Duo Processor E8000 and E7000 Series Specification Update
              318915:  Intel  Core  2  Duo  Processor and Intel Core 2 Extreme Processor on 45-nm
              Process Specification Update
              318925: Intel Celeron Dual-Core Processor E1000 Series Specification Update
              319006: Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor 3100 Series Specification Update
              319007: Quad-Core Intel Xeon Processor 3300 Series Specification Update
              319129: Intel Core 2 Extreme Processor QX9775 Specification Update
              319433: Intel Architecture Instruction Set Extensions Programming Reference
              319536: Intel Atom Processor Z5xx Series Specification Update
              319735: Intel Celeron Dual-Core Processor T1x00 Series Specification Update
              319978: Intel Atom Processor 200 Series Specification Update
              320047: Intel Atom Processor N270 Series Specification Update
              320121: Intel Core 2 Extreme Quad-Core Mobile Processor, Intel Core 2  Quad  Mobile
              Processor,  Intel  Core  2  Extreme  Mobile  Processor,  Intel  Core  2  Duo Mobile
              Processor, Intel Core 2 Solo Mobile Processor and Intel Celeron Processor on  45-nm
              Process Specification Update
              320257: Intel EP80579 Integrated Processor Product Line Specification Update
              320336: Intel Xeon Processor 7400 Series Specification Update
              320468: Intel Pentium Dual-Core E6000 and E5000 Series Specification Update
              320529: Intel Atom Processor 300 Series Specification Update
              320767:  Intel  Core  i7-900  Mobile  Processor  Extreme Edition Series, Intel Core
              i7-800 and i7-700 Mobile Processor Series Specification Update
              320836: Intel Core i7-900 Desktop Processor Extreme Edition Series and  Intel  Core
              i7-900 Desktop Processor Series Specification Update
              321324: Intel Xeon Processor 5500 Series Specification Update
              321333: Intel Xeon Processor 3500 Series Specification Update
              322166: Intel Core i7-800 and i5-700 Desktop Processor Series Specification Update
              322373: Intel Xeon Processor 3400 Series Specification Update
              322568: Intel Celeron Processor E3x00 Series Specification Update
              322849: Intel Atom Processor N400 Series Specification Update
              322861: Intel Atom Processor D400 Series (Single Core) Specification Update
              322862: Intel Atom Processor D500 Series (Dual Core) Specification Update
              322814:  Intel  Core  i7-600,  i5-500,  i5-400  and  i3-300 Mobile Processor Series
              Specification Update
              322911: Intel Core i5-600,  i3-500  Desktop  Processor  Series  and  Intel  Pentium
              Processor G6950 Specification Update
              323056: Intel Xeon Processor L3406 Specification Update
              323179:  Intel  Core  i7-660UE,  i7-620LE/UE,  i7-610E,  i5-520E, i3-330E and Intel
              Celeron Processor P4505, U3405 Series Datasheet Addendum Specification Update
              323105: Intel Xeon Processor C5500/C3500 Series Specification Update
              323254: Intel Core i7-900 Desktop Processor Extreme Edition Series and  Intel  Core
              i7-900 Desktop Processor Series on 32-nm Process Specification Update
              323338: Intel Xeon Processor 3600 Series Specification Update
              323344: Intel Xeon Processor 7500 Series Specification Update
              323372: Intel Xeon Processor 5600 Series Specification Update
              323874: Intel Pentium P6000 and U5000 Mobile Processor Series Specification Update
              324209: Intel Atom Processor E6xx Series Specification Update
              324341: Intel Atom Processor N500 Series Specification Update
              Intel 64 Architecture Processor Topology Enumeration (Whitepaper) by Shih Kuo
              324456: Intel Celeron Mobile Processor P4000 and U3000 Series Specification Update
              324643: 2nd Generation Intel Core Processor Family Desktop Specification Update
              324827: 2nd Generation Intel Core Processor Family Mobile Specification Update
              324972: Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 Product Family Specification Update
              325122:  Intel  Xeon Processor E7-8800 / 4800 / 2800 Product Families Specification
              Update
              325307: Intel Atom Processor Z600 Series Specification Update
              325309: Intel Atom Processor Z6000 Series Specification Update
              325462: Intel 64 and  IA-32  Architectures  Software  Developer's  Manual  Combined
              Volumes: 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 4
              325630: Intel Atom Processor Z6xx Series Specification Update
              326140: Intel Atom Processor N2000 and D2000 Series Specification Update
              326198: Intel Core i7 Processor Family for the LGA-2011 Socket Specification Update
              326510: Intel Xeon Processor E5 Family Specification Update
              326766: Desktop 3rd Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specification Update
              326770: Mobile 3rd Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specification Update
              326774: Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 v2 Product Family Specification Update
              327335:  Intel  Xeon  and  Intel  Core Processors For Communications Infrastructure
              Specification Update
              328105: Intel Atom Processor Z2760 Specification Update
              328198: Intel Atom Processor S1200 Product  Family  for  Microserver  Specification
              Update
              328205: Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor x100 Product Family Specification Update
              328899: Desktop 4th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specification Update
              328903: Mobile 4th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specification Update
              328908: Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 v3 Product Family Specification Update
              329189: Intel Xeon Processor E5 v2 Product Family Specification Update
              329376:  Intel  Xeon  E3-1125C  v2, E3-1105C v2, Intel Core 3115C and Intel Pentium
              Processor B925C Specification Update
              329460: Intel Atom Processor C2000 Product Family Specification Update
              329475: Intel Atom Processor Z3600 and Z3700 Series Specification Update
              329597: Intel Xeon Processor E7 v2 Product Family Specification Update
              329671/600827: Intel Pentium Processor N3500-series, J2850, J2900 and Intel Celeron
              Processor  N2900-series,  N2800-series,  J1800-series,  J1900,  J1750 Specification
              Update
              329676: Intel Quark SoC X1000 Datasheet
              329901/600834: Intel Atom Processor E3800 Specification Update
              330785: Intel Xeon Processor E5 v3 Product Family Specification Update
              330836: 5th Generation Intel Core Processor Family, Intel Core M Processor  Family,
              Mobile  Intel  Pentium  Processor Family, and Mobile Intel Celeron Processor Family
              Specification Update
              330841: Intel Core i7 Processor Family for LGA2011-v3 Socket Specification Update
              332054: Intel Xeon Processor D-1500 Product Family Specification Update
              332067: Intel Atom Z8000 Processor Series Specification Update
              332095: Intel N-Series  Intel  Pentium  Processors  and  Intel  Celeron  Processors
              Specification Update
              332317: Intel Xeon Processor E7 v3 Product Family Specification Update
              332381:  Mobile/Desktop  5th  Generation  Intel Core Processor Family Specification
              Update
              332689: 6th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specification Update
              333133: Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 v5 Product Family Specification Update
              333811: Intel Xeon Processor E5-2600 v4 Product Family Specification Update
              334165: Intel Xeon Processor E7-8800/4800 v4 Product Family Specification Update
              334208: Intel Core i7 Processor Family for LGA2011-v3 Socket Specification Update
              334525: Control-flow Enforcement Technology Preview
              334646: Intel Xeon Phi Processor  x200  Product  Family  Preliminary  Specification
              Update
              334663:  7th  Generation Intel Processor Family Specification Update Supporting 7th
              Generation Intel Core Processor Families based on U/Y-Processor Line
              334820: Intel Pentium and Celeron Processor N- and J- Series Specification Update
              335252: 5-Level Paging and 5-Level EPT White Paper
              335718/730694: Intel Xeon Processor E3-1200 v6 Product Family Specification Update
              335864: Intel Celeron Processor J1800, J1900, N2807,  and  N2930  for  Internet  of
              Things Specification Update Addendum
              335901: Intel Core X-Series Processor Family Specification Update
              336065/613537: Intel Xeon Processor Scalable Family Specification Update
              336345: Intel Atom Processor C3000 Product Family Specification Update
              336466:   8th   Generation   Intel   Processor  Family  for  S-Processor  Platforms
              Specification Update
              336505: Intel Xeon Processor Scalable Family Specification Update
              336562: Intel Pentium Silver and Intel Celeron Processors Specification Update
              337346: 8th and 9th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specification Update
              336907: Intel Architecture Memory Encryption Technologies Specification
              338014: Intel Xeon E-2100 and E-2200 Processor Family Specification Update
              338025: 8th Generation Intel Core Processor Families Specification Update
              338848: Second Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processors Specification Update
              338854: Intel Xeon D-2100 Processor Product Family Specification Update
              341079: 10th Generation Intel Core Processor Families Specification Update
              343754: Intel Trust Domain CPU Architectural Extensions
              344425: Architecture Specification:  Intel  Trust  Domain  Extensions  (Intel  TDX)
              Module
              346466: Intel Flexible Return and Event Delivery (FRED) Specification
              615213: 10th Generation Intel Core Processor Specification Update
              631123: 11th Generation Intel Core Processor Family Specification Update
              634808:  11th  Generation Intel Core Processor Specification Update Supporting 11th
              Generation Intel Core Processor Families for S Platform, formerly known  as  Rocket
              Lake
              634897:  3rd  Generation  Intel  Xeon  Scalable  Processors,  Codename  Cooper Lake
              Specification Update
              637780: 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable Processors,  Codename  Ice  Lake  Specification
              Update
              682436:  12th  Generation Intel Core Processor Specification Update Supporting 12th
              Generation Intel Core Processor for S Processor Line Platforms, formerly  known  as
              Alder Lake
              709192: Intel Xeon E-2300 Processor Family Specification Update
              714071: Intel Xeon D-2700 Processor Family Specification Update
              743844:  13th  Generation Intel Core Processors Datasheet, Volume 1 of 2 Supporting
              13th Generation Intel Core Processor for S/P/PX/H/HX/U  Processor  Line  Platforms,
              formerly known as Raptor Lake
              759603: Intel Processor and Intel Core i3 N-Series Datasheet, Volume 1 of 2
              764616: Intel Processor and Intel Core i3 N-series Specification Update
              772415:   4th   Gen   Intel  Xeon  Scalable  Processors  Codename  Sapphire  Rapids
              Specification Update
              Intel Microcode Update Guidance
              Branch History Injection and Intra-mode Branch Target  Injection  /  CVE-2022-0001,
              CVE-2022-0002 / INTEL-SA-00598
              Intel  Transactional  Synchronization Extensions (Intel TSX) Memory and Performance
              Monitoring Update for Intel Processors (Article ID 000059422)
              Retpoline: A Branch Target Injection Mitigation
              Special Register Buffer Data Sampling

       Information on the CPUID instruction and on specific CPUs is available from the  following
       documents     from     Advanced     Micro     Devices,    Inc.     <http://www.amd.com/us-
       en/Processors/TechnicalResources>, with the specified Publication Numbers:

              20734: AMD Processor Recognition Application Note
              21266: AMD-K6 Processor Revision Guide Model 6
              21641: AMD-K6-2 Processor Revision Guide Model 8
              21846: AMD-K6 Processor Revision Guide Model 7
              22473: AMD-K6-III Processor Revision Guide Model 9
              23614: AMD Athlon Processor Model 4 Revision Guide
              23865: AMD Duron Processor Model 3 Revision Guide
              24332: AMD Athlon Processor Model 6 Revision Guide
              24594: AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 3: General-Purpose and  System
              Instructions
              24806: AMD Duron Processor Model 7 Revision Guide
              25481: CPUID Specification
              25703: AMD Athlon Processor Model 8 Revision Guide
              25759: Revision Guide for AMD Athlon 64 and AMD Opteron Processors
              26094:  BIOS  and  Kernel  Developer's  Guide  for  AMD  Athlon  64 and AMD Opteron
              Processors
              27532: AMD Athlon Processor Model 10 Revision Guide
              31177H: AMD Geode NX Processors Data Book
              31610: Revision Guide for AMD NPT Family 0Fh Processors
              33234F: AMD Geode LX Processors Data Book
              40332: AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual: Volumes 1-5
              41322: Revision Guide for AMD Family 10h Processors
              41788: Revision Guide for AMD Family 11h Processors
              44739: Revision Guide for AMD Family 12h Processors
              47534: Revision Guide for AMD Family 14h Models 00h-0Fh Processors
              48063: Revision Guide for AMD Family 15h Models 00h-0Fh Processors
              48931: Revision Guide for AMD Family 15h Models 10h-1Fh Processors
              51603: Revision Guide for AMD Family 15h Models 30h-3Fh Processors
              51810: Revision Guide for AMD Family 16h Models 00h-0Fh Processors
              53072: Revision Guide for AMD Family 16h Models 30h-3Fh Processors
              54945: Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for  AMD  Family  17h  Models  01h,0h,
              Revision B2 Processors
              54945:  Processor  Programming  Reference  (PPR)  for AMD Family 17h Models 01h,08h
              Revision B2 Processors
              55370: Revision Guide for AMD Family 15h Models 70h-7Fh Processors
              55449: Revision Guide for AMD Family 17h Models 00h-0Fh processors
              55570-B1: Processor Programming Reference (PPR)  for  AMD  Family  17h  Model  18h,
              Revision B1 Processors
              55766: Secure Encrypted Virtualization API Version 0.16 Technical Preview
              55772-A1:  Processor  Programming  Reference  (PPR)  for  AMD Family 17h Model 20h,
              Revision A1 Processors
              55898: Preliminary Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family  19h  Model
              01h, Revision B1 Processors
              56214: Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family 19h Model 21h, Revision
              B0 Processors
              56569: Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family 19h Model 51h, Revision
              A1 Processors
              55901:  Preliminary  Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family 19h Model
              11h, Revision B1 Processors
              55922-A1: Processor Programming Reference (PPR)  for  AMD  Family  17h  Model  60h,
              Revision A1 Processors
              55803:  Preliminary  Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family 17h Model
              31h, Revision B0 Processors
              56176: Processor Programming Reference (PPR) for AMD Family 17h Model 71h, Revision
              B0 Processors
              56375: AMD64 Technology Platform Quality of Service Extensions
              57095: Revision Guide for AMD Family 19h Models 10h-1Fh Processors
              AMD64 Technology Indirect Branch Control Extension (White Paper), Revision 4.10.18
              AMD64 Technology Speculative Store Bypass Disable (White Paper), Revision 5.21.18
              Technical  Guidance  For  Mitigating  Branch Type Confusion (White Paper), Revision
              2022-07-12

       Information on the CPUID instruction and on specific CPUs is available from the  following
       documents                   from                   Transmeta                   Corporation
       <http://www.transmeta.com/crusoe_docs/Crusoe_CPUID_5-7-02.pdf>:

              Processor Recognition, 2002/05/07

       Information on the CPUID instruction and on specific CPUs is available from the  following
       documents from Cyrix:

              Application Note 112: Cyrix CPU Detection Guide
              Cyrix 6x86 Processor, Instruction Set

       The  linux  kernel  can  be  a  source  of information on CPUID flags, using X86_FEATURE_*
       definitions in arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h.  Also, it can be used  to  learn  about
       Intel microarchitectures in arch/x86/include/asm/intel-family.h.

       Information   on  generic  hypervisor  CPUID  leaves  is  available  from  this  proposal:
       <http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/>.

       Information on KVM hypervisor CPUID leaves  is  available  from  the  Linux  kernel  under
       Documentation/virtual/kvm/cpuid.txt.

       Information  on XEN hypervisor CPUID leaves is deduced from source inspection, mainly from
       xen's include/public/arch-x86/cpuid.h and arch/x86/traps.c.

       Information on Microsoft hypervisor CPUID leaves is available from the following documents
       from        Microsoft:        <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-
       windows/reference/tlfs>                 and                 <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
       us/library/windows/hardware/ff542428%28v=vs.85%29.aspx>.

       Also, information is available from the following web sites:

              <http://www.sandpile.org/x86/cpuid.htm>
              <http://instlatx64.atw.hu/>
              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures>
              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_CPU_microarchitectures>
              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>
              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessors>
              <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:X86_microprocessors>

AUTHOR

       Todd Allen <cpuid@etallen.com>