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NAME

       dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript

SYNOPSIS

       dvips [OPTIONS] file[.dvi]

DESCRIPTION

       THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE!  See the Texinfo documentation instead.  You can read it either
       in Emacs or with the standalone info program.

       The program dvips takes a DVI file file[.dvi] produced by TeX (or by some other  processor
       such  as  GFtoDVI) and converts it to PostScript, sending the output to a file or directly
       to a printer.  The DVI file may be specified without the .dvi extension.  Fonts  used  may
       either  be  resident  in  the  printer  or  defined as bitmaps in PK files, or a `virtual'
       combination of both.  If the mktexpk program is installed, dvips will automatically invoke
       METAFONT to generate fonts that don't already exist.

       For  more  information,  see  the  Texinfo  manual  dvips.texi,  which should be installed
       somewhere on your system, hopefully accessible through the standard Info tree.

OPTIONS

       -a     Conserve memory by making three passes over the .dvi file instead of two  and  only
              loading  those  characters actually used.  Generally only useful on machines with a
              very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.

       -A     Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -b num Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page body rather  than  using
              the  #numcopies  option.   This  can  be  useful  in conjunction with a header file
              setting \bop-hook to do color separations or other neat tricks.

       -B     Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -c num Generate num copies of every page.  Default is 1.  (For collated copies, see the -C
              option below.)

       -C num Create  num  copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the PostScript file).
              Slower than the -c option, but easier on the hands, and  faster  than  resubmitting
              the same PostScript file multiple times.

       -d num Set  the  debug  flags.  This is intended only for emergencies or for unusual fact-
              finding expeditions; it will work only if dvips has been compiled  with  the  DEBUG
              option.   If nonzero, prints additional information on standard error.  For maximum
              information, you can use `-1'.  See the Dvips Texinfo manual for more details.

       -D num Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to  num.   This  affects  the  choice  of
              bitmap  fonts  that  are  loaded  and  also  the positioning of letters in resident
              PostScript fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000.  This affects both  the  horizontal
              and  vertical  resolution.   If  a high resolution (something greater than 400 dpi,
              say) is selected, the -Z flag should probably also be used.

       -e num Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels  from  its  `true'
              resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this parameter is
              resolution  dependent.   Allowing  individual  characters  to  `drift'  from  their
              correctly  rounded  positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true position at
              the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of letters in words.

       -E     makes dvips attempt to generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box.  This  only
              works  on  one-page files, and it only looks at marks made by characters and rules,
              not by any included graphics.  In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the  tfm
              file,  so  characters  that lie outside their enclosing tfm box may confuse it.  In
              addition, the bounding box might be a bit too loose  if  the  character  glyph  has
              significant  left  or right side bearings.  Nonetheless, this option works well for
              creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like.  (Note,  of  course,
              that  dvips  output  is  resolution dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF
              files, especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great
              deal of care.)

       -f     Run  as  a filter.  Read the .dvi file from standard input and write the PostScript
              to standard output.  The standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be  a  pipe.
              If  you  must  use  a  pipe,  write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a
              temporary file and then points dvips at this file.  This option also  disables  the
              automatic  reading of the PRINTER environment variable, and turns off the automatic
              sending of control D if it was turned on with the -F option or in the configuration
              file; use -F after this option if you want both.

       -F     Causes  Control-D  (ASCII  code 4) to be appended as the very last character of the
              PostScript file.  This is useful when dvips is driving the printer directly instead
              of  working  through  a spooler, as is common on extremely small systems.  NOTE! DO
              NOT USE THIS OPTION!

       -G     Causes dvips to shift non-printing characters to higher-numbered  positions.   This
              may be useful sometimes.

       -h name
              Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the name is simply `-'
              suppress all header files from the output.)  This header file  gets  added  to  the
              PostScript userdict.

       -i     Make  each  section  be  a  separate file.  Under certain circumstances, dvips will
              split the document up into `sections' to be processed independently; this  is  most
              often done for memory reasons.  Using this option tells dvips to place each section
              into a separate file; the new file names are created replacing the  suffix  of  the
              supplied  output  file  name by a three-digit sequence number.  This option is most
              often used in conjunction with the -S option which sets the maximum section  length
              in  pages.   For  instance,  some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so
              consecutive pages before running out  of  steam;  these  options  can  be  used  to
              automatically split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file.

       -j     Download  only  needed  characters  from  Type  1 fonts. This is the default in the
              current release.  Some debugging flags trace this operation.  You can also  control
              partial downloading on a per-font basis, via the psfonts.map file.

       -k     Print crop marks.  This option increases the paper size (which should be specified,
              either with a paper size special or with the -T option) by  a  half  inch  in  each
              dimension.   It  translates  each page by a quarter inch and draws cross-style crop
              marks.   It  is  mostly  useful  with  typesetters  that  can  set  the  page  size
              automatically.

       -K     This  option  causes  comments  in  included  PostScript  graphics, font files, and
              headers to be removed.  This is sometimes necessary to get around bugs in  spoolers
              or  PostScript  post-processing  programs.  Specifically, the %%Page comments, when
              left in, often cause difficulties.  Use  of  this  flag  can  cause  some  included
              graphics  to  fail,  since the PostScript header macros from some software packages
              read portions of the input stream line by line, searching for a particular comment.
              This  option  has  been  turned  off  by  default because PostScript previewers and
              spoolers have been getting better.

       -l num The last page printed will be the first one numbered num Default is the  last  page
              in  the  document.   If  the  num  is  prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any
              argument to the -p option) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value  to
              compare with \count0 values.  Thus, using -l =9 will end with the ninth page of the
              document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.  On the  other  hand,  if
              num  is  suffixed  by  `.SEQ', the SEQth occurrence of num is used; for example, -l
              99.2 says to end processing with the second page numbered 99 in the document.

       -m     Specify manual feed for printer.

       -mode mode
              Use mode as the Metafont device name for path searching and font generation.   This
              overrides  any  value from configuration files.  With the default paths, explicitly
              specifying the mode also makes the program assume the fonts are in  a  subdirectory
              named mode.

       -M     Turns  off  the  automatic  font  generation  facility.   If any fonts are missing,
              commands to generate the fonts are appended to the file missfont.log in the current
              directory; this file can then be executed and deleted to create the missing fonts.

       -n num At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.

       -N     Turns  off structured comments; this might be necessary on some systems that try to
              interpret PostScript comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript  printers.   Old
              versions of TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.

       -noomega
              This  will  disable  the  use  of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI files.  By
              default, the additional opcodes 129 and 134 are recognized by  dvips  as  Omega  or
              pTeX extensions and interpreted as requests to set 2-byte characters.

       -noptex
              This  will  disable  the  use  of  pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files.  By
              default, the additional opcodes 130  and  135  are  recognized  by  dvips  as  pTeX
              extensions and interpreted as requests to set 3-byte characters, and 255 as request
              to change the typesetting direction.

              The only drawback is that the  virtual  font  array  will  (at  least  temporarily)
              require  65536  or  more  positions instead of the default 256 positions, i.e., the
              memory  requirements  of  dvips  will  be  somewhat  larger.   If  you  find   this
              unacceptable  or  encounter  another problem with the Omega or pTeX extensions, you
              can switch off the pTeX extension by using -noptex, or both by using -noomega  (but
              please  do send a bug report if you find such problems - see the bug address in the
              AUTHORS section below).

       -o name
              The output will be sent to file name If no file name is given (i.e., -o is last  on
              the  command  line),  the  default  name  is file.ps where the .dvi file was called
              file.dvi; if this option isn't given, any default  in  the  configuration  file  is
              used.   If  the  first character of the supplied output file name is an exclamation
              mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument  to  popen;  thus,  specifying
              !lpr  as  the  output  file  will  automatically queue the file for printing.  This
              option also disables the automatic reading of the PRINTER environment variable, and
              turns off the automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with the -F option
              or in the configuration file; use -F after this option if you want both.

       -O offset
              Move the origin by a certain amount.  The  offset  is  a  comma-separated  pair  of
              dimensions,  such as .1in,-.3cm (in the same syntax used in the papersize special).
              The origin of the page is shifted from the default position (of one inch down,  one
              inch to the right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount.

       -p num Just like -l but for the first page in the document.

       -pp pagelist
              A  comma-separated  list  of  pages  and  ranges  (a-b) may be given, which will be
              interpreted as \count0 values.  Pages not specified will not be printed.   Multiple
              -pp options may be specified or all pages and page ranges can be specified with one
              -pp option.

       -P printername
              Sets up the output for the appropriate printer.  This is implemented by reading  in
              config.printername  , which can then set the output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername
              as well as the font paths and any other config.ps defaults for that  printer  only.
              Note  that  config.ps  is  read before config.printername In addition, another file
              called ~/.dvipsrc is  searched  for  immediately  after  config.ps;  this  file  is
              intended  for  user  defaults.  If no -P command is given, the environment variable
              PRINTER is checked.  If that variable exists,  and  a  corresponding  configuration
              file exists, that configuration file is read in.

       -q     Run  in  quiet mode.  Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.; report nothing but
              errors to standard error.

       -r     Stack pages in reverse order.  Normally, page 1 will be printed first.

       -R[0|1|2]
              Run securely.  -R2 disables  both  shell  command  execution  in  \special'{}  (via
              backticks  `  )  and  config  files (via the E option), and opening of any absolute
              filenames.  -R1 , the default, forbids shell escapes but allows absolute filenames.
              -R0 allows both.  The config file option is z

       -s     Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore pair.  This causes
              the file to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful  if
              you  are driving the printer directly and don't care too much about the portability
              of the output.

       -S num Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This option  is  most  commonly
              used with the -i option; see that documentation above for more information.

       -t papertype
              This  sets  the paper type to papertype.  The papertype should be defined in one of
              the configuration files, along with the appropriate code to select it.   (Currently
              known  types  include  letter,  legal,  ledger,  a4,  a3).  You can also specify -t
              landscape, which rotates a document by 90 degrees.  To rotate a document whose size
              is  not  letter,  you can use the -t option twice, once for the page size, and once
              for landscape.  You should not use any -t option when the DVI file already contains
              a papersize special, as is done by some LaTeX packages, notably hyperref.sty.

              The  upper  left  corner  of each page in the .dvi file is placed one inch from the
              left and one inch from the top.  Use of this option  is  highly  dependent  on  the
              configuration  file.   Note  that  executing  the  letter or a4 or other PostScript
              operators cause the document to be nonconforming and can cause it not to  print  on
              certain  printers,  so the paper size should not execute such an operator if at all
              possible.

       -T papersize
              Set the paper size to  the  given  pair  of  dimensions.   This  option  takes  its
              arguments  in the same style as -O.  It overrides any paper size special in the dvi
              file.

       -u psmapfile
              Set psmapfile to be the file  that  dvips  uses  for  looking  up  PostScript  font
              aliases.  If psmapfile begins with a + character, then the rest of the name is used
              as the name of the map file, and the map file is appended to the list of map  files
              (instead  of  replacing  the list).  In either case, if psmapfile has no extension,
              then .map is added at the end.

       -U     Disable a PostScript virtual memory saving optimization that stores  the  character
              metric information in the same string that is used to store the bitmap information.
              This is only necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 PostScript interpreter.   It  is
              caused by a bug in that interpreter that results in `garbage' on the bottom of each
              character.  Not recommended unless you must drive this printer.

       -v     Print the dvips version number and exit.

       -V     Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps.  This requires use of  `gsftopk'
              or  `pstopk' or some other such program(s) in order to generate the required bitmap
              fonts; these programs are supplied with dvips.

       -x num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000.  Overrides the magnification specified  in
              the .dvi file.  Must be between 10 and 100000.  Instead of an integer, num may be a
              real number for increased precision.

       -X num Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -y num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000 times the magnification  specified  in  the
              .dvi file.  See -x above.

       -Y num Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -z     Pass  html  hyperdvi  specials through to the output for eventual distillation into
              PDF.  This  is  not  enabled  by  default  to  avoid  including  the  header  files
              unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in creating the output.

       -Z     Causes  bitmapped  fonts  to  be  compressed  before  they  are downloaded, thereby
              reducing the size  of  the  PostScript  font-downloading  information.   Especially
              useful  at  high  resolutions  or  when  very large fonts are used.  Will slow down
              printing somewhat, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers.

SEE ALSO

       afm2tfm(1), tex(1), mf(1), dvitype(1), lpr(1), dvips.texi, https://tug.org/dvips.

ENVIRONMENT

       Dvipsk uses the same environment variables and algorithms for finding font  files  as  TeX
       and  its  friends  do.   See  the  documentation  for  the  Kpathsea  library for details.
       (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)

       KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for complete tracing.

       PRINTER: see above.

NOTES

       PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

AUTHOR

       Tomas Rokicki; extended to virtual fonts by Don Knuth.  Path searching  and  configuration
       modifications by Karl Berry.

       Maintained  in  TeX Live; please send bug reports or other correspondence to tex-k@tug.org
       (https://lists.tug.org/tex-k).

                                         24 October 2021                                 DVIPS(1)