Provided by: knot-dnsutils_3.2.9-1_amd64 bug

NAME

       kdig - Advanced DNS lookup utility

SYNOPSIS

       kdig [common-settings] [query [settings]]...

       kdig -h

DESCRIPTION

       This utility sends one or more DNS queries to a nameserver. Each query can have individual
       settings, or it can be specified globally via common-settings, which  must  precede  query
       specification.

   Parameters
       query  name | -q name | -x address | -G tapfile

       common-settings, settings
              [query_class] [query_type] [@server]... [options]

       name   Is a domain name that is to be looked up.

       server Is  a  domain name or an IPv4 or IPv6 address of the nameserver to send a query to.
              An additional port can be specified using  address:port  ([address]:port  for  IPv6
              address),  address@port,  or  address#port  notation. A value which begins with '/'
              character is considered an absolute UNIX socket path. If no  server  is  specified,
              the servers from /etc/resolv.conf are used.

       If no arguments are provided, kdig sends NS query for the root zone.

   Query classes
       A  query_class  can  be  either  a  DNS class name (IN, CH) or generic class specification
       CLASSXXXXX where XXXXX is a corresponding decimal class number. The default query class is
       IN.

   Query types
       A  query_type  can  be  either  a DNS resource record type (A, AAAA, NS, SOA, DNSKEY, ANY,
       etc.) or one of the following:

       TYPEXXXXX
              Generic query type specification  where  XXXXX  is  a  corresponding  decimal  type
              number.

       AXFR   Full zone transfer request.

       IXFR=serial
              Incremental  zone  transfer  request for specified SOA serial number (i.e. all zone
              updates since the specified zone version are to be returned).

       NOTIFY=serial
              Notify message with a SOA serial hint specified.

       NOTIFY Notify message with a SOA serial hint unspecified.

       The default query type is A.

   Options
       -4     Use the IPv4 protocol only.

       -6     Use the IPv6 protocol only.

       -b address
              Set the source IP address of the query to address. The  address  must  be  a  valid
              address  for local interface or :: or 0.0.0.0. An optional port can be specified in
              the same format as the server value.

       -c class
              An explicit query_class specification. See possible values above.

       -d     Enable debug messages.

       -h, --help
              Print the program help.

       -k keyfile
              Use the TSIG key stored in a file keyfile to authenticate  the  request.  The  file
              must contain the key in the same format as accepted by the -y option.

       -p port
              Set the nameserver port number or service name to send a query to. The default port
              is 53.

       -q name
              Set the query name. An explicit variant  of  name  specification.  If  no  name  is
              provided, empty question section is set.

       -t type
              An explicit query_type specification. See possible values above.

       -V, --version
              Print the program version.

       -x address
              Send  a  reverse  (PTR) query for IPv4 or IPv6 address. The correct name, class and
              type is set automatically.

       -y [alg:]name:key
              Use the TSIG key named name to authenticate the request. The alg part specifies the
              algorithm  (the default is hmac-sha256) and key specifies the shared secret encoded
              in Base64.

       -E tapfile
              Export a dnstap trace of the query and  response  messages  received  to  the  file
              tapfile.

       -G tapfile
              Generate message output from a previously saved dnstap file tapfile.

       +[no]multiline
              Wrap long records to more lines and improve human readability.

       +[no]short
              Show record data only.

       +[no]generic
              Use the generic representation format when printing resource record types and data.

       +[no]crypto
              Display the DNSSEC keys and signatures values in base64, instead of omitting them.

       +[no]aaflag
              Set the AA flag.

       +[no]tcflag
              Set the TC flag.

       +[no]rdflag
              Set the RD flag.

       +[no]recurse
              Same as +[no]rdflag

       +[no]raflag
              Set the RA flag.

       +[no]zflag
              Set the zero flag bit.

       +[no]adflag
              Set the AD flag.

       +[no]cdflag
              Set the CD flag.

       +[no]dnssec
              Set the DO flag.

       +[no]all
              Show all packet sections.

       +[no]qr
              Show the query packet.

       +[no]header
              Show the packet header.

       +[no]comments
              Show commented section names.

       +[no]opt
              Show the EDNS pseudosection.

       +[no]opttext
              Try to show unknown EDNS options as text.

       +[no]question
              Show the question section.

       +[no]answer
              Show the answer section.

       +[no]authority
              Show the authority section.

       +[no]additional
              Show the additional section.

       +[no]tsig
              Show the TSIG pseudosection.

       +[no]stats
              Show trailing packet statistics.

       +[no]class
              Show the DNS class.

       +[no]ttl
              Show the TTL value.

       +[no]tcp
              Use the TCP protocol (default is UDP for standard query and TCP for AXFR/IXFR).

       +[no]fastopen
              Use TCP Fast Open.

       +[no]ignore
              Don't use TCP automatically if a truncated reply is received.

       +[no]keepopen
              Keep  TCP  connection  open  for  the following query if it has the same connection
              configuration. This applies to +tcp, +tls, and +https operations. The connection is
              considered in the context of a single kdig call only.

       +[no]tls
              Use TLS with the Opportunistic privacy profile (RFC 7858#section-4.1).

       +[no]tls-ca[=FILE]
              Use  TLS  with  a  certificate validation. Certification authority certificates are
              loaded from the specified PEM file (default is system  certificate  storage  if  no
              argument  is  provided).   Can  be  specified  multiple times. If the +tls-hostname
              option is not provided, the name of the target server (if specified)  is  used  for
              strict authentication.

       +[no]tls-pin=BASE64
              Use  TLS  with  the  Out-of-Band key-pinned privacy profile (RFC 7858#section-4.2).
              The PIN must be a Base64 encoded SHA-256 hash of  the  X.509  SubjectPublicKeyInfo.
              Can be specified multiple times.

       +[no]tls-hostname=STR
              Use TLS with a remote server hostname check.

       +[no]tls-sni=STR
              Use TLS with a Server Name Indication.

       +[no]tls-keyfile=FILE
              Use TLS with a client keyfile.

       +[no]tls-certfile=FILE
              Use TLS with a client certfile.

       +[no]tls-ocsp-stapling[=H]
              Use  TLS  with  a  valid  stapled  OCSP  response for the server certificate (%u or
              specify hours). OCSP responses older  than  the  specified  period  are  considered
              invalid.

       +[no]https[=URL]
              Use  HTTPS  (DNS-over-HTTPS)  in  wire format (RFC 1035#section-4.2.1).  It is also
              possible to specify URL=[authority][/path] where  request  will  be  sent  to.  Any
              leading scheme and authority indicator (i.e. //) are ignored.  Authority might also
              be specified as the server (using the parameter  @).   If  path  is  specified  and
              authority  is  missing,  then  the  server  is  used as authority together with the
              specified path.  Library libnghttp2 is required.

       +[no]https-get
              Use HTTPS with HTTP/GET method instead of the default  HTTP/POST  method.   Library
              libnghttp2 is required.

       +[no]quic
              Use QUIC (DNS-over-QUIC).

       +[no]nsid
              Request the nameserver identifier (NSID).

       +[no]bufsize=B
              Set EDNS buffer size in bytes (default is 4096 bytes).

       +[no]padding[=B]
              Use  EDNS(0)  padding  option  to  pad  queries, optionally to a specific size. The
              default is to pad queries with a sensible amount when using +tls, and not to pad at
              all  when queries are sent without TLS.  With no argument (i.e., just +padding) pad
              every query with a sensible amount regardless of the use of TLS.  With  +nopadding,
              never pad.

       +[no]alignment[=B]
              Align  the  query to B-byte-block message using the EDNS(0) padding option (default
              is no or 128 if no argument is specified).

       +[no]subnet=SUBN
              Set EDNS(0) client subnet SUBN=addr/prefix.

       +[no]edns[=N]
              Use EDNS version (default is 0).

       +[no]timeout=T
              Set the wait-for-reply interval in seconds (default is  5  seconds).  This  timeout
              applies to each query attempt. Zero value or notimeout is interpreted as infinity.

       +[no]retry=N
              Set  the  number  (>=0)  of  UDP  retries  (default  is  2).  This doesn't apply to
              AXFR/IXFR.

       +[no]expire
              Sets the EXPIRE EDNS option.

       +[no]cookie[=HEX]
              Attach EDNS(0) cookie to the query.

       +[no]badcookie
              Repeat a query with the correct cookie.

       +[no]ednsopt[=CODE[:HEX]]
              Send custom EDNS option. The CODE is  EDNS  option  code  in  decimal,  HEX  is  an
              optional  hex encoded string to use as EDNS option value. This argument can be used
              multiple times. +noednsopt clears all EDNS options specified by +ednsopt.

       +[no]proxy=SRC_ADDR[#SRC_PORT]-DST_ADDR[#DST_PORT]
              Add PROXYv2 header with the specified  source  and  destination  addresses  to  the
              query.  The default source port is 0 and destination port 53.

       +[no]json
              Use JSON for output encoding (RFC 8427).

       +noidn Disable  the  IDN  transformation  to  ASCII and vice versa. IDN support depends on
              libidn availability during project building! If used in  common-settings,  all  IDN
              transformations   are   disabled.   If  used  in  the  individual  query  settings,
              transformation from ASCII is disabled on output for the particular query. Note that
              IDN transformation does not preserve domain name letter case.

NOTES

       Options -k and -y can not be used simultaneously.

       Dnssec-keygen keyfile format is not supported. Use keymgr(8) instead.

EXIT VALUES

       Exit status of 0 means successful operation. Any other exit status indicates an error.

EXAMPLES

       1. Get A records for example.com:

             $ kdig example.com A

       2. Perform AXFR for zone example.com from the server 192.0.2.1:

             $ kdig example.com -t AXFR @192.0.2.1

       3. Get A records for example.com from 192.0.2.1 and reverse lookup for address 2001:DB8::1
          from 192.0.2.2. Both using the TCP protocol:

             $ kdig +tcp example.com -t A @192.0.2.1 -x 2001:DB8::1 @192.0.2.2

       4. Get SOA record for example.com, use TLS, use system certificates, check  for  specified
          hostname, check for certificate pin, and print additional debug info:

             $ kdig -d @185.49.141.38 +tls-ca +tls-host=getdnsapi.net \
               +tls-pin=foxZRnIh9gZpWnl+zEiKa0EJ2rdCGroMWm02gaxSc9S= soa example.com

       5. DNS over HTTPS examples (various DoH implementations):

             $ kdig @1.1.1.1 +https example.com.
             $ kdig @193.17.47.1 +https=/doh example.com.
             $ kdig @8.8.4.4 +https +https-get example.com.
             $ kdig @8.8.8.8 +https +tls-hostname=dns.google +fastopen example.com.

       6. More queries share one DoT connection:

             $ kdig @1.1.1.1 +tls +keepopen abc.example.com A mail.example.com AAAA

FILES

       /etc/resolv.conf

SEE ALSO

       khost(1), knsupdate(1), keymgr(8).

AUTHOR

       CZ.NIC Labs <https://www.knot-dns.cz>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright 2010–2023, CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o.