Provided by: libnss3-tools_3.98-0ubuntu0.23.10.1_amd64 bug

NAME

       modutil - Manage PKCS #11 module information within the security module database.

SYNOPSIS

       modutil [options] [[arguments]]

STATUS

       This documentation is still work in progress. Please contribute to the initial review in
       Mozilla NSS bug 836477[1]

DESCRIPTION

       The Security Module Database Tool, modutil, is a command-line utility for managing PKCS
       #11 module information both within secmod.db files and within hardware tokens.  modutil
       can add and delete PKCS #11 modules, change passwords on security databases, set defaults,
       list module contents, enable or disable slots, enable or disable FIPS 140-2 compliance,
       and assign default providers for cryptographic operations. This tool can also create
       certificate, key, and module security database files.

       The tasks associated with security module database management are part of a process that
       typically also involves managing key databases and certificate databases.

OPTIONS

       Running modutil always requires one (and only one) option to specify the type of module
       operation. Each option may take arguments, anywhere from none to multiple arguments.

       Options

       -add modulename
           Add the named PKCS #11 module to the database. Use this option with the -libfile,
           -ciphers, and -mechanisms arguments.

       -changepw tokenname
           Change the password on the named token. If the token has not been initialized, this
           option initializes the password. Use this option with the -pwfile and -newpwfile
           arguments. A password is equivalent to a personal identification number (PIN).

       -chkfips
           Verify whether the module is in the given FIPS mode.  true means to verify that the
           module is in FIPS mode, while false means to verify that the module is not in FIPS
           mode.

       -create
           Create new certificate, key, and module databases. Use the -dbdir directory argument
           to specify a directory. If any of these databases already exist in a specified
           directory, modutil returns an error message.

       -default modulename
           Specify the security mechanisms for which the named module will be a default provider.
           The security mechanisms are specified with the -mechanisms argument.

       -delete modulename
           Delete the named module. The default NSS PKCS #11 module cannot be deleted.

       -disable modulename
           Disable all slots on the named module. Use the -slot argument to disable a specific
           slot.

           The internal NSS PKCS #11 module cannot be disabled.

       -enable modulename
           Enable all slots on the named module. Use the -slot argument to enable a specific
           slot.

       -fips [true | false]
           Enable (true) or disable (false) FIPS 140-2 compliance for the default NSS module.

       -force
           Disable modutil's interactive prompts so it can be run from a script. Use this option
           only after manually testing each planned operation to check for warnings and to ensure
           that bypassing the prompts will cause no security lapses or loss of database
           integrity.

       -jar JAR-file
           Add a new PKCS #11 module to the database using the named JAR file. Use this command
           with the -installdir and -tempdir arguments. The JAR file uses the NSS PKCS #11 JAR
           format to identify all the files to be installed, the module's name, the mechanism
           flags, and the cipher flags, as well as any files to be installed on the target
           machine, including the PKCS #11 module library file and other files such as
           documentation. This is covered in the JAR installation file section in the man page,
           which details the special script needed to perform an installation through a server or
           with modutil.

       -list [modulename]
           Display basic information about the contents of the secmod.db file. Specifying a
           modulename displays detailed information about a particular module and its slots and
           tokens.

       -rawadd
           Add the module spec string to the secmod.db database.

       -rawlist
           Display the module specs for a specified module or for all loadable modules.

       -undefault modulename
           Specify the security mechanisms for which the named module will not be a default
           provider. The security mechanisms are specified with the -mechanisms argument.

       Arguments

       MODULE
           Give the security module to access.

       MODULESPEC
           Give the security module spec to load into the security database.

       -ciphers cipher-enable-list
           Enable specific ciphers in a module that is being added to the database. The
           cipher-enable-list is a colon-delimited list of cipher names. Enclose this list in
           quotation marks if it contains spaces.

       -dbdir directory
           Specify the database directory in which to access or create security module database
           files.

           modutil supports two types of databases: the legacy security databases (cert8.db,
           key3.db, and secmod.db) and SQLite databases (cert9.db, key4.db, and pkcs11.txt). If
           the prefix dbm: is not used, then the tool assumes that the given databases are in
           SQLite format.

       --dbprefix prefix
           Specify the prefix used on the database files, such as my_ for my_cert9.db. This
           option is provided as a special case. Changing the names of the certificate and key
           databases is not recommended.

       -installdir root-installation-directory
           Specify the root installation directory relative to which files will be installed by
           the -jar option. This directory should be one below which it is appropriate to store
           dynamic library files, such as a server's root directory.

       -libfile library-file
           Specify a path to a library file containing the implementation of the PKCS #11
           interface module that is being added to the database.

       -mechanisms mechanism-list
           Specify the security mechanisms for which a particular module will be flagged as a
           default provider. The mechanism-list is a colon-delimited list of mechanism names.
           Enclose this list in quotation marks if it contains spaces.

           The module becomes a default provider for the listed mechanisms when those mechanisms
           are enabled. If more than one module claims to be a particular mechanism's default
           provider, that mechanism's default provider is undefined.

           modutil supports several mechanisms: RSA, DSA, RC2, RC4, RC5, AES, DES, DH, SHA1,
           SHA256, SHA512, SSL, TLS, MD5, MD2, RANDOM (for random number generation), and
           FRIENDLY (meaning certificates are publicly readable).

       -newpwfile new-password-file
           Specify a text file containing a token's new or replacement password so that a
           password can be entered automatically with the -changepw option.

       -nocertdb
           Do not open the certificate or key databases. This has several effects:

           •   With the -create command, only a module security file is created; certificate and
               key databases are not created.

           •   With the -jar command, signatures on the JAR file are not checked.

           •   With the -changepw command, the password on the NSS internal module cannot be set
               or changed, since this password is stored in the key database.

       -pwfile old-password-file
           Specify a text file containing a token's existing password so that a password can be
           entered automatically when the -changepw option is used to change passwords.

       -secmod secmodname
           Give the name of the security module database (like secmod.db) to load.

       -slot slotname
           Specify a particular slot to be enabled or disabled with the -enable or -disable
           options.

       -string CONFIG_STRING
           Pass a configuration string for the module being added to the database.

       -tempdir temporary-directory
           Give a directory location where temporary files are created during the installation by
           the -jar option. If no temporary directory is specified, the current directory is
           used.

USAGE AND EXAMPLES

       Creating Database Files

       Before any operations can be performed, there must be a set of security databases
       available.  modutil can be used to create these files. The only required argument is the
       database that where the databases will be located.

           modutil -create -dbdir directory

       Adding a Cryptographic Module

       Adding a PKCS #11 module means submitting a supporting library file, enabling its ciphers,
       and setting default provider status for various security mechanisms. This can be done by
       supplying all of the information through modutil directly or by running a JAR file and
       install script. For the most basic case, simply upload the library:

           modutil -add modulename -libfile library-file [-ciphers cipher-enable-list] [-mechanisms mechanism-list]

       For example:

           modutil -dbdir /home/my/sharednssdb -add "Example PKCS #11 Module" -libfile "/tmp/crypto.so" -mechanisms RSA:DSA:RC2:RANDOM

           Using database directory ...
           Module "Example PKCS #11 Module" added to database.

       Installing a Cryptographic Module from a JAR File

       PKCS #11 modules can also be loaded using a JAR file, which contains all of the required
       libraries and an installation script that describes how to install the module. The JAR
       install script is described in more detail in the section called “JAR INSTALLATION FILE
       FORMAT”.

       The JAR installation script defines the setup information for each platform that the
       module can be installed on. For example:

           Platforms {
              Linux:5.4.08:x86 {
                 ModuleName { "Example PKCS #11 Module" }
                 ModuleFile { crypto.so }
                 DefaultMechanismFlags{0x0000}
                 CipherEnableFlags{0x0000}
                 Files {
                    crypto.so {
                       Path{ /tmp/crypto.so }
                    }
                    setup.sh {
                       Executable
                       Path{ /tmp/setup.sh }
                    }
                 }
              }
              Linux:6.0.0:x86 {
                 EquivalentPlatform { Linux:5.4.08:x86 }
              }
           }

       Both the install script and the required libraries must be bundled in a JAR file, which is
       specified with the -jar argument.

           modutil -dbdir /home/mt"jar-install-filey/sharednssdb -jar install.jar -installdir /home/my/sharednssdb

           This installation JAR file was signed by:
           ----------------------------------------------

           **SUBJECT NAME**

           C=US, ST=California, L=Mountain View, CN=Cryptorific Inc., OU=Digital ID
           Class 3 - Netscape Object Signing, OU="www.verisign.com/repository/CPS
           Incorp. by Ref.,LIAB.LTD(c)9 6", OU=www.verisign.com/CPS Incorp.by Ref
           . LIABILITY LTD.(c)97 VeriSign, OU=VeriSign Object Signing CA - Class 3
           Organization, OU="VeriSign, Inc.", O=VeriSign Trust Network **ISSUER
           NAME**, OU=www.verisign.com/CPS Incorp.by Ref. LIABILITY LTD.(c)97
           VeriSign, OU=VeriSign Object Signing CA - Class 3 Organization,
           OU="VeriSign, Inc.", O=VeriSign Trust Network
           ----------------------------------------------

           Do you wish to continue this installation? (y/n) y
           Using installer script "installer_script"
           Successfully parsed installation script
           Current platform is Linux:5.4.08:x86
           Using installation parameters for platform Linux:5.4.08:x86
           Installed file crypto.so to /tmp/crypto.so
           Installed file setup.sh to ./pk11inst.dir/setup.sh
           Executing "./pk11inst.dir/setup.sh"...
           "./pk11inst.dir/setup.sh" executed successfully
           Installed module "Example PKCS #11 Module" into module database

           Installation completed successfully

       Adding Module Spec

       Each module has information stored in the security database about its configuration and
       parameters. These can be added or edited using the -rawadd command. For the current
       settings or to see the format of the module spec in the database, use the -rawlist option.

           modutil -rawadd modulespec

       Deleting a Module

       A specific PKCS #11 module can be deleted from the secmod.db database:

           modutil -delete modulename -dbdir directory

       Displaying Module Information

       The secmod.db database contains information about the PKCS #11 modules that are available
       to an application or server to use. The list of all modules, information about specific
       modules, and database configuration specs for modules can all be viewed.

       To simply get a list of modules in the database, use the -list command.

           modutil -list [modulename] -dbdir directory

       Listing the modules shows the module name, their status, and other associated security
       databases for certificates and keys. For example:

           modutil -list -dbdir /home/my/sharednssdb

           Listing of PKCS #11 Modules
           -----------------------------------------------------------
             1. NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module
                    slots: 2 slots attached
                   status: loaded

                    slot: NSS Internal Cryptographic Services
                   token: NSS Generic Crypto Services
                  uri: pkcs11:token=NSS%20Generic%20Crypto%20Services;manufacturer=Mozilla%20Foundation;serial=0000000000000000;model=NSS%203

                    slot: NSS User Private Key and Certificate Services
                   token: NSS Certificate DB
                  uri: pkcs11:token=NSS%20Certificate%20DB;manufacturer=Mozilla%20Foundation;serial=0000000000000000;model=NSS%203
           -----------------------------------------------------------

       Passing a specific module name with the -list returns details information about the module
       itself, like supported cipher mechanisms, version numbers, serial numbers, and other
       information about the module and the token it is loaded on. For example:

            modutil -list "NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" -dbdir /home/my/sharednssdb

           -----------------------------------------------------------
           Name: NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module
           Library file: **Internal ONLY module**
           Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
           Description: NSS Internal Crypto Services
           PKCS #11 Version 2.20
           Library Version: 3.11
           Cipher Enable Flags: None
           Default Mechanism Flags: RSA:RC2:RC4:DES:DH:SHA1:MD5:MD2:SSL:TLS:AES

             Slot: NSS Internal Cryptographic Services
             Slot Mechanism Flags: RSA:RC2:RC4:DES:DH:SHA1:MD5:MD2:SSL:TLS:AES
             Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
             Type: Software
             Version Number: 3.11
             Firmware Version: 0.0
             Status: Enabled
             Token Name: NSS Generic Crypto Services
             Token Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
             Token Model: NSS 3
             Token Serial Number: 0000000000000000
             Token Version: 4.0
             Token Firmware Version: 0.0
             Access: Write Protected
             Login Type: Public (no login required)
             User Pin: NOT Initialized

             Slot: NSS User Private Key and Certificate Services
             Slot Mechanism Flags: None
             Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
             Type: Software
             Version Number: 3.11
             Firmware Version: 0.0
             Status: Enabled
             Token Name: NSS Certificate DB
             Token Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
             Token Model: NSS 3
             Token Serial Number: 0000000000000000
             Token Version: 8.3
             Token Firmware Version: 0.0
             Access: NOT Write Protected
             Login Type: Login required
             User Pin: Initialized

       A related command, -rawlist returns information about the database configuration for the
       modules. (This information can be edited by loading new specs using the -rawadd command.)

            modutil -rawlist -dbdir /home/my/sharednssdb
            name="NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" parameters="configdir=. certPrefix= keyPrefix= secmod=secmod.db flags=readOnly " NSS="trustOrder=75 cipherOrder=100 slotParams={0x00000001=[slotFlags=RSA,RC4,RC2,DES,DH,SHA1,MD5,MD2,SSL,TLS,AES,RANDOM askpw=any timeout=30 ] }  Flags=internal,critical"

       Setting a Default Provider for Security Mechanisms

       Multiple security modules may provide support for the same security mechanisms. It is
       possible to set a specific security module as the default provider for a specific security
       mechanism (or, conversely, to prohibit a provider from supplying those mechanisms).

           modutil -default modulename -mechanisms mechanism-list

       To set a module as the default provider for mechanisms, use the -default command with a
       colon-separated list of mechanisms. The available mechanisms depend on the module; NSS
       supplies almost all common mechanisms. For example:

           modutil -default "NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" -dbdir -mechanisms RSA:DSA:RC2

           Using database directory c:\databases...

           Successfully changed defaults.

       Clearing the default provider has the same format:

           modutil -undefault "NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" -dbdir -mechanisms MD2:MD5

       Enabling and Disabling Modules and Slots

       Modules, and specific slots on modules, can be selectively enabled or disabled using
       modutil. Both commands have the same format:

           modutil -enable|-disable modulename [-slot slotname]

       For example:

           modutil -enable "NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" -slot "NSS Internal Cryptographic Services                            " -dbdir .

           Slot "NSS Internal Cryptographic Services                            " enabled.

       Be sure that the appropriate amount of trailing whitespace is after the slot name. Some
       slot names have a significant amount of whitespace that must be included, or the operation
       will fail.

       Enabling and Verifying FIPS Compliance

       The NSS modules can have FIPS 140-2 compliance enabled or disabled using modutil with the
       -fips option. For example:

           modutil -fips true -dbdir /home/my/sharednssdb/

           FIPS mode enabled.

       To verify that status of FIPS mode, run the -chkfips command with either a true or false
       flag (it doesn't matter which). The tool returns the current FIPS setting.

           modutil -chkfips false -dbdir /home/my/sharednssdb/

           FIPS mode enabled.

       Changing the Password on a Token

       Initializing or changing a token's password:

           modutil -changepw tokenname [-pwfile old-password-file] [-newpwfile new-password-file]

           modutil -dbdir /home/my/sharednssdb -changepw "NSS Certificate DB"

           Enter old password:
           Incorrect password, try again...
           Enter old password:
           Enter new password:
           Re-enter new password:
           Token "Communicator Certificate DB" password changed successfully.

JAR INSTALLATION FILE FORMAT

       When a JAR file is run by a server, by modutil, or by any program that does not interpret
       JavaScript, a special information file must be included to install the libraries. There
       are several things to keep in mind with this file:

       •   It must be declared in the JAR archive's manifest file.

       •   The script can have any name.

       •   The metainfo tag for this is Pkcs11_install_script. To declare meta-information in the
           manifest file, put it in a file that is passed to signtool.

       Sample Script

       For example, the PKCS #11 installer script could be in the file pk11install. If so, the
       metainfo file for signtool includes a line such as this:

           + Pkcs11_install_script: pk11install

       The script must define the platform and version number, the module name and file, and any
       optional information like supported ciphers and mechanisms. Multiple platforms can be
       defined in a single install file.

           ForwardCompatible { IRIX:6.2:mips SUNOS:5.5.1:sparc }
           Platforms {
              WINNT::x86 {
                 ModuleName { "Example Module" }
                 ModuleFile { win32/fort32.dll }
                 DefaultMechanismFlags{0x0001}
                 DefaultCipherFlags{0x0001}
                 Files {
                    win32/setup.exe {
                       Executable
                       RelativePath { %temp%/setup.exe }
                    }
                    win32/setup.hlp {
                       RelativePath { %temp%/setup.hlp }
                    }
                    win32/setup.cab {
                       RelativePath { %temp%/setup.cab }
                    }
                 }
              }
              WIN95::x86 {
                 EquivalentPlatform {WINNT::x86}
              }
              SUNOS:5.5.1:sparc {
                 ModuleName { "Example UNIX Module" }
                 ModuleFile { unix/fort.so }
                 DefaultMechanismFlags{0x0001}
                 CipherEnableFlags{0x0001}
                 Files {
                    unix/fort.so {
                       RelativePath{%root%/lib/fort.so}
                       AbsolutePath{/usr/local/netscape/lib/fort.so}
                       FilePermissions{555}
                    }
                    xplat/instr.html {
                       RelativePath{%root%/docs/inst.html}
                       AbsolutePath{/usr/local/netscape/docs/inst.html}
                       FilePermissions{555}
                    }
                 }
              }
              IRIX:6.2:mips {
                 EquivalentPlatform { SUNOS:5.5.1:sparc }
              }
           }

       Script Grammar

       The script is basic Java, allowing lists, key-value pairs, strings, and combinations of
       all of them.

           --> valuelist

           valuelist --> value valuelist
                          <null>

           value ---> key_value_pair
                       string

           key_value_pair --> key { valuelist }

           key --> string

           string --> simple_string
                       "complex_string"

           simple_string --> [^ \t\n\""{""}"]+

           complex_string --> ([^\"\\\r\n]|(\\\")|(\\\\))+

       Quotes and backslashes must be escaped with a backslash. A complex string must not include
       newlines or carriage returns.Outside of complex strings, all white space (for example,
       spaces, tabs, and carriage returns) is considered equal and is used only to delimit
       tokens.

       Keys

       The Java install file uses keys to define the platform and module information.

       ForwardCompatible gives a list of platforms that are forward compatible. If the current
       platform cannot be found in the list of supported platforms, then the ForwardCompatible
       list is checked for any platforms that have the same OS and architecture in an earlier
       version. If one is found, its attributes are used for the current platform.

       Platforms (required) Gives a list of platforms. Each entry in the list is itself a
       key-value pair: the key is the name of the platform and the value list contains various
       attributes of the platform. The platform string is in the format system name:OS
       release:architecture. The installer obtains these values from NSPR. OS release is an empty
       string on non-Unix operating systems. NSPR supports these platforms:

       •   AIX (rs6000)

       •   BSDI (x86)

       •   FREEBSD (x86)

       •   HPUX (hppa1.1)

       •   IRIX (mips)

       •   LINUX (ppc, alpha, x86)

       •   MacOS (PowerPC)

       •   NCR (x86)

       •   NEC (mips)

       •   OS2 (x86)

       •   OSF (alpha)

       •   ReliantUNIX (mips)

       •   SCO (x86)

       •   SOLARIS (sparc)

       •   SONY (mips)

       •   SUNOS (sparc)

       •   UnixWare (x86)

       •   WIN16 (x86)

       •   WIN95 (x86)

       •   WINNT (x86)

       For example:

           IRIX:6.2:mips
           SUNOS:5.5.1:sparc
           Linux:2.0.32:x86
           WIN95::x86

       The module information is defined independently for each platform in the ModuleName,
       ModuleFile, and Files attributes. These attributes must be given unless an
       EquivalentPlatform attribute is specified.

       Per-Platform Keys

       Per-platform keys have meaning only within the value list of an entry in the Platforms
       list.

       ModuleName (required) gives the common name for the module. This name is used to reference
       the module by servers and by the modutil tool.

       ModuleFile (required) names the PKCS #11 module file for this platform. The name is given
       as the relative path of the file within the JAR archive.

       Files (required) lists the files that need to be installed for this module. Each entry in
       the file list is a key-value pair. The key is the path of the file in the JAR archive, and
       the value list contains attributes of the file. At least RelativePath or AbsolutePath must
       be specified for each file.

       DefaultMechanismFlags specifies mechanisms for which this module is the default provider;
       this is equivalent to the -mechanism option with the -add command. This key-value pair is
       a bitstring specified in hexadecimal (0x) format. It is constructed as a bitwise OR. If
       the DefaultMechanismFlags entry is omitted, the value defaults to 0x0.

           RSA:                   0x00000001
           DSA:                   0x00000002
           RC2:                   0x00000004
           RC4:                   0x00000008
           DES:                   0x00000010
           DH:                    0x00000020
           FORTEZZA:              0x00000040
           RC5:                   0x00000080
           SHA1:                  0x00000100
           MD5:                   0x00000200
           MD2:                   0x00000400
           RANDOM:                0x08000000
           FRIENDLY:              0x10000000
           OWN_PW_DEFAULTS:       0x20000000
           DISABLE:               0x40000000

       CipherEnableFlags specifies ciphers that this module provides that NSS does not provide
       (so that the module enables those ciphers for NSS). This is equivalent to the -cipher
       argument with the -add command. This key is a bitstring specified in hexadecimal (0x)
       format. It is constructed as a bitwise OR. If the CipherEnableFlags entry is omitted, the
       value defaults to 0x0.

       EquivalentPlatform specifies that the attributes of the named platform should also be used
       for the current platform. This makes it easier when more than one platform uses the same
       settings.

       Per-File Keys

       Some keys have meaning only within the value list of an entry in a Files list.

       Each file requires a path key the identifies where the file is. Either RelativePath or
       AbsolutePath must be specified. If both are specified, the relative path is tried first,
       and the absolute path is used only if no relative root directory is provided by the
       installer program.

       RelativePath specifies the destination directory of the file, relative to some directory
       decided at install time. Two variables can be used in the relative path: %root% and
       %temp%.  %root% is replaced at run time with the directory relative to which files should
       be installed; for example, it may be the server's root directory. The %temp% directory is
       created at the beginning of the installation and destroyed at the end. The purpose of
       %temp% is to hold executable files (such as setup programs) or files that are used by
       these programs. Files destined for the temporary directory are guaranteed to be in place
       before any executable file is run; they are not deleted until all executable files have
       finished.

       AbsolutePath specifies the destination directory of the file as an absolute path.

       Executable specifies that the file is to be executed during the course of the
       installation. Typically, this string is used for a setup program provided by a module
       vendor, such as a self-extracting setup executable. More than one file can be specified as
       executable, in which case the files are run in the order in which they are specified in
       the script file.

       FilePermissions sets permissions on any referenced files in a string of octal digits,
       according to the standard Unix format. This string is a bitwise OR.

           user read:                0400
           user write:               0200
           user execute:             0100
           group read:               0040
           group write:              0020
           group execute:            0010
           other read:               0004
           other write:              0002
           other execute:            0001

       Some platforms may not understand these permissions. They are applied only insofar as they
       make sense for the current platform. If this attribute is omitted, a default of 777 is
       assumed.

NSS DATABASE TYPES

       NSS originally used BerkeleyDB databases to store security information. The last versions
       of these legacy databases are:

       •   cert8.db for certificates

       •   key3.db for keys

       •   secmod.db for PKCS #11 module information

       BerkeleyDB has performance limitations, though, which prevent it from being easily used by
       multiple applications simultaneously. NSS has some flexibility that allows applications to
       use their own, independent database engine while keeping a shared database and working
       around the access issues. Still, NSS requires more flexibility to provide a truly shared
       security database.

       In 2009, NSS introduced a new set of databases that are SQLite databases rather than
       BerkleyDB. These new databases provide more accessibility and performance:

       •   cert9.db for certificates

       •   key4.db for keys

       •   pkcs11.txt, which is listing of all of the PKCS #11 modules contained in a new
           subdirectory in the security databases directory

       Because the SQLite databases are designed to be shared, these are the shared database
       type. The shared database type is preferred; the legacy format is included for backward
       compatibility.

       By default, the tools (certutil, pk12util, modutil) assume that the given security
       databases use the SQLite type. Using the legacy databases must be manually specified by
       using the dbm: prefix with the given security directory. For example:

           modutil -create -dbdir dbm:/home/my/sharednssdb

       To set the legacy database type as the default type for the tools, set the
       NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE environment variable to dbm:

           export NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE="dbm"

       This line can be added to the ~/.bashrc file to make the change permanent for the user.

       •   https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto

       For an engineering draft on the changes in the shared NSS databases, see the NSS project
       wiki:

       •   https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB

SEE ALSO

       certutil (1)

       pk12util (1)

       signtool (1)

       The NSS wiki has information on the new database design and how to configure applications
       to use it.

       •   https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto

       •   https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

       For information about NSS and other tools related to NSS (like JSS), check out the NSS
       project wiki at http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/. The NSS site relates
       directly to NSS code changes and releases.

       Mailing lists: https://lists.mozilla.org/listinfo/dev-tech-crypto

       IRC: Freenode at #dogtag-pki

AUTHORS

       The NSS tools were written and maintained by developers with Netscape, Red Hat, Sun,
       Oracle, Mozilla, and Google.

       Authors: Elio Maldonado <emaldona@redhat.com>, Deon Lackey <dlackey@redhat.com>.

LICENSE

       Licensed under the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
       distributed with this file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

NOTES

        1. Mozilla NSS bug 836477
           https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=836477