Provided by: guestfs-tools_1.50.1-4ubuntu1_amd64 bug

NAME

       virt-customize - Customize a virtual machine

SYNOPSIS

        virt-customize
           [ -a disk.img [ -a disk.img ... ] | -d domname ]
           [--attach ISOFILE] [--attach-format FORMAT]
           [ -c URI | --connect URI ] [ -n | --dry-run ]
           [ --format FORMAT] [ -m MB | --memsize MB ]
           [ --network | --no-network ]
           [ -q | --quiet ] [--smp N] [ -v | --verbose ] [-x]
           [--append-line FILE:LINE] [--chmod PERMISSIONS:FILE]
           [--commands-from-file FILENAME] [--copy SOURCE:DEST]
           [--copy-in LOCALPATH:REMOTEDIR] [--delete PATH] [--edit FILE:EXPR]
           [--firstboot SCRIPT] [--firstboot-command 'CMD+ARGS']
           [--firstboot-install PKG,PKG..] [--hostname HOSTNAME]
           [--inject-qemu-ga METHOD] [--inject-virtio-win METHOD]
           [--install PKG,PKG..] [--link TARGET:LINK[:LINK..]] [--mkdir DIR]
           [--move SOURCE:DEST] [--password USER:SELECTOR]
           [--root-password SELECTOR] [--run SCRIPT]
           [--run-command 'CMD+ARGS'] [--scrub FILE] [--sm-attach SELECTOR]
           [--sm-register] [--sm-remove] [--sm-unregister]
           [--ssh-inject USER[:SELECTOR]] [--truncate FILE]
           [--truncate-recursive PATH] [--timezone TIMEZONE] [--touch FILE]
           [--uninstall PKG,PKG..] [--update] [--upload FILE:DEST]
           [--write FILE:CONTENT] [--no-logfile]
           [--password-crypto md5|sha256|sha512] [--no-selinux-relabel]
           [--selinux-relabel] [--sm-credentials SELECTOR]

        virt-customize [ -V | --version ]

WARNING

       Using "virt-customize" on live virtual machines, or concurrently with other disk editing
       tools, can be dangerous, potentially causing disk corruption.  The virtual machine must be
       shut down before you use this command, and disk images must not be edited concurrently.

DESCRIPTION

       Virt-customize can customize a virtual machine (disk image) by installing packages,
       editing configuration files, and so on.

       Virt-customize modifies the guest or disk image in place.  The guest must be shut down.
       If you want to preserve the existing contents of the guest, you must snapshot, copy or
       clone the disk first.

       You do not need to run virt-customize as root.  In fact we'd generally recommend that you
       don't.

       Related tools include: virt-sysprep(1) and virt-builder(1).

OPTIONS

       --help
           Display brief help.

       -a file
       --add file
           Add file which should be a disk image from a virtual machine.

           The format of the disk image is auto-detected.  To override this and force a
           particular format use the --format option.

       -a URI
       --add URI
           Add a remote disk.  The URI format is compatible with guestfish.  See "ADDING REMOTE
           STORAGE" in guestfish(1).

       --attach ISOFILE
           The given disk is attached to the libguestfs appliance.  This is used to provide extra
           software repositories or other data for customization.

           You probably want to ensure the volume(s) or filesystems in the attached disks are
           labelled (or use an ISO volume name) so that you can mount them by label in your run-
           scripts:

            mkdir /tmp/mount
            mount LABEL=EXTRA /tmp/mount

           You can have multiple --attach options, and the format can be any disk format (not
           just an ISO).

       --attach-format FORMAT
           Specify the disk format for the next --attach option.  The "FORMAT" is usually "raw"
           or "qcow2".  Use "raw" for ISOs.

       --colors
       --colours
           Use ANSI colour sequences to colourize messages.  This is the default when the output
           is a tty.  If the output of the program is redirected to a file, ANSI colour sequences
           are disabled unless you use this option.

       -c URI
       --connect URI
           If using libvirt, connect to the given URI.  If omitted, then we connect to the
           default libvirt hypervisor.

           If you specify guest block devices directly (-a), then libvirt is not used at all.

       -d guest
       --domain guest
           Add all the disks from the named libvirt guest.  Domain UUIDs can be used instead of
           names.

       -n
       --dry-run
           Perform a read-only "dry run" on the guest.  This runs the sysprep operation, but
           throws away any changes to the disk at the end.

       --echo-keys
           When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-customize normally turns echoing off so
           you cannot see what you are typing.  If you are not worried about Tempest attacks and
           there is no one else in the room you can specify this flag to see what you are typing.

       --format raw|qcow2|..
       --format auto
           The default for the -a option is to auto-detect the format of the disk image.  Using
           this forces the disk format for -a options which follow on the command line.  Using
           --format auto switches back to auto-detection for subsequent -a options.

           For example:

            virt-customize --format raw -a disk.img

           forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img.

            virt-customize --format raw -a disk.img --format auto -a another.img

           forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img and reverts to auto-detection for
           another.img.

           If you have untrusted raw-format guest disk images, you should use this option to
           specify the disk format.  This avoids a possible security problem with malicious
           guests (CVE-2010-3851).

       --key SELECTOR
           Specify a key for LUKS, to automatically open a LUKS device when using the inspection.
           "ID" can be either the libguestfs device name, or the UUID of the LUKS device.

           --key "ID":key:KEY_STRING
               Use the specified "KEY_STRING" as passphrase.

           --key "ID":file:FILENAME
               Read the passphrase from FILENAME.

           --key "ID":clevis
               Attempt passphrase-less unlocking for "ID" with Clevis, over the network.  Please
               refer to "ENCRYPTED DISKS" in guestfs(3) for more information on network-bound
               disk encryption (NBDE).

               Note that if any such option is present on the command line, QEMU user networking
               will be automatically enabled for the libguestfs appliance.

       --keys-from-stdin
           Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin.  The default is to try to read
           passphrases from the user by opening /dev/tty.

           If there are multiple encrypted devices then you may need to supply multiple keys on
           stdin, one per line.

       -m MB
       --memsize MB
           Change the amount of memory allocated to --run scripts.  Increase this if you find
           that --run scripts or the --install option are running out of memory.

           The default can be found with this command:

            guestfish get-memsize

       --network
       --no-network
           Enable or disable network access from the guest during the installation.

           Enabled is the default.  Use --no-network to disable access.

           The network only allows outgoing connections and has other minor limitations.  See
           "NETWORK" in virt-rescue(1).

           If you use --no-network then certain other options such as --install will not work.

           This does not affect whether the guest can access the network once it has been booted,
           because that is controlled by your hypervisor or cloud environment and has nothing to
           do with virt-customize.

           Generally speaking you should not use --no-network.  But here are some reasons why you
           might want to:

           1.  Because the libguestfs backend that you are using doesn't support the network.
               (See: "BACKEND" in guestfs(3)).

           2.  Any software you need to install comes from an attached ISO, so you don't need the
               network.

           3.  You don’t want untrusted guest code trying to access your host network when
               running virt-customize.  This is particularly an issue when you don't trust the
               source of the operating system templates.  (See "SECURITY" below).

           4.  You don’t have a host network (eg. in secure/restricted environments).

       -q
       --quiet
           Don’t print log messages.

           To enable detailed logging of individual file operations, use -x.

       --smp N
           Enable N ≥ 2 virtual CPUs for --run scripts to use.

       -v
       --verbose
           Enable verbose messages for debugging.

       -V
       --version
           Display version number and exit.

       --wrap
           Wrap error, warning, and informative messages.  This is the default when the output is
           a tty.  If the output of the program is redirected to a file, wrapping is disabled
           unless you use this option.

       -x  Enable tracing of libguestfs API calls.

   Customization options
       --append-line FILE:LINE
           Append a single line of text to the "FILE".  If the file does not already end with a
           newline, then one is added before the appended line.  Also a newline is added to the
           end of the "LINE" string automatically.

           For example (assuming ordinary shell quoting) this command:

            --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'

           will add either "10.0.0.1 foo⏎" or "⏎10.0.0.1 foo⏎" to the file, the latter only if
           the existing file does not already end with a newline.

           "⏎" represents a newline character, which is guessed by looking at the existing
           content of the file, so this command does the right thing for files using Unix or
           Windows line endings.  It also works for empty or non-existent files.

           To insert several lines, use the same option several times:

            --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'
            --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.2 bar'

           To insert a blank line before the appended line, do:

            --append-line '/etc/hosts:'
            --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'

       --chmod PERMISSIONS:FILE
           Change the permissions of "FILE" to "PERMISSIONS".

           Note: "PERMISSIONS" by default would be decimal, unless you prefix it with 0 to get
           octal, ie. use 0700 not 700.

       --commands-from-file FILENAME
           Read the customize commands from a file, one (and its arguments) each line.

           Each line contains a single customization command and its arguments, for example:

            delete /some/file
            install some-package
            password some-user:password:its-new-password

           Empty lines are ignored, and lines starting with "#" are comments and are ignored as
           well.  Furthermore, arguments can be spread across multiple lines, by adding a "\"
           (continuation character) at the of a line, for example

            edit /some/file:\
              s/^OPT=.*/OPT=ok/

           The commands are handled in the same order as they are in the file, as if they were
           specified as --delete /some/file on the command line.

       --copy SOURCE:DEST
           Copy files or directories recursively inside the guest.

           Wildcards cannot be used.

       --copy-in LOCALPATH:REMOTEDIR
           Copy local files or directories recursively into the disk image, placing them in the
           directory "REMOTEDIR" (which must exist).

           Wildcards cannot be used.

       --delete PATH
           Delete a file from the guest.  Or delete a directory (and all its contents,
           recursively).

           You can use shell glob characters in the specified path.  Be careful to escape glob
           characters from the host shell, if that is required.  For example:

            virt-customize --delete '/var/log/*.log'.

           See also: --upload, --scrub.

       --edit FILE:EXPR
           Edit "FILE" using the Perl expression "EXPR".

           Be careful to properly quote the expression to prevent it from being altered by the
           shell.

           Note that this option is only available when Perl 5 is installed.

           See "NON-INTERACTIVE EDITING" in virt-edit(1).

       --firstboot SCRIPT
           Install "SCRIPT" inside the guest, so that when the guest first boots up, the script
           runs (as root, late in the boot process).

           The script is automatically chmod +x after installation in the guest.

           The alternative version --firstboot-command is the same, but it conveniently wraps the
           command up in a single line script for you.

           You can have multiple --firstboot options.  They run in the same order that they
           appear on the command line.

           Please take a look at "FIRST BOOT SCRIPTS" in virt-builder(1) for more information and
           caveats about the first boot scripts.

           See also --run.

       --firstboot-command 'CMD+ARGS'
           Run command (and arguments) inside the guest when the guest first boots up (as root,
           late in the boot process).

           You can have multiple --firstboot options.  They run in the same order that they
           appear on the command line.

           Please take a look at "FIRST BOOT SCRIPTS" in virt-builder(1) for more information and
           caveats about the first boot scripts.

           See also --run.

       --firstboot-install PKG,PKG..
           Install the named packages (a comma-separated list).  These are installed when the
           guest first boots using the guest’s package manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.) and the
           guest’s network connection.

           For an overview on the different ways to install packages, see "INSTALLING PACKAGES"
           in virt-builder(1).

       --hostname HOSTNAME
           Set the hostname of the guest to "HOSTNAME".  You can use a dotted hostname.domainname
           (FQDN) if you want.

       --inject-qemu-ga METHOD
           Inject the QEMU Guest Agent into a Windows guest.  The guest agent communicates with
           qemu through a socket in order to provide enhanced features (see qemu-ga(8)).  This
           operation also injects a firstboot script so that the Guest Agent is installed when
           the guest boots.

           The parameter is the same as used by the --inject-virtio-win operation.

           Note that to do a full conversion of a Windows guest from a foreign hypervisor like
           VMware (which involves many other operations) you should use the virt-v2v(1) tool
           instead of this.

       --inject-virtio-win METHOD
           Inject virtio-win drivers into a Windows guest.  These drivers add virtio accelerated
           drivers suitable when running on top of a hypervisor that supports virtio (such as
           qemu/KVM).  The operation also adjusts the Windows Registry so that the drivers are
           installed when the guest boots.

           The parameter can be one of:

           ISO The path to the ISO image containing the virtio-win drivers (eg.
               /usr/share/virtio-win/virtio-win.iso).

           DIR The directory containing the unpacked virtio-win drivers (eg.
               /usr/share/virtio-win).

           "osinfo"
               The literal string "osinfo" means to use the libosinfo database to locate the
               drivers.  (See osinfo-query(1).

           Note that to do a full conversion of a Windows guest from a foreign hypervisor like
           VMware (which involves many other operations) you should use the virt-v2v(1) tool
           instead of this.

       --install PKG,PKG..
           Install the named packages (a comma-separated list).  These are installed during the
           image build using the guest’s package manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.) and the host’s
           network connection.

           For an overview on the different ways to install packages, see "INSTALLING PACKAGES"
           in virt-builder(1).

           See also --update, --uninstall.

       --link TARGET:LINK[:LINK..]
           Create symbolic link(s) in the guest, starting at "LINK" and pointing at "TARGET".

       --mkdir DIR
           Create a directory in the guest.

           This uses "mkdir -p" so any intermediate directories are created, and it also works if
           the directory already exists.

       --move SOURCE:DEST
           Move files or directories inside the guest.

           Wildcards cannot be used.

       --no-logfile
           Scrub "builder.log" (log file from build commands) from the image after building is
           complete.  If you don't want to reveal precisely how the image was built, use this
           option.

           See also: "LOG FILE".

       --no-selinux-relabel
           Do not attempt to correct the SELinux labels of files in the guest.

           In such guests that support SELinux, customization automatically relabels files so
           that they have the correct SELinux label.  (The relabeling is performed immediately,
           but if the operation fails, customization will instead touch /.autorelabel on the
           image to schedule a relabel operation for the next time the image boots.)  This option
           disables the automatic relabeling.

           The option is a no-op for guests that do not support SELinux.

       --password USER:SELECTOR
           Set the password for "USER".  (Note this option does not create the user account).

           See "USERS AND PASSWORDS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field,
           and also how to set up user accounts.

       --password-crypto md5|sha256|sha512
           When the virt tools change or set a password in the guest, this option sets the
           password encryption of that password to "md5", "sha256" or "sha512".

           "sha256" and "sha512" require glibc ≥ 2.7 (check crypt(3) inside the guest).

           "md5" will work with relatively old Linux guests (eg. RHEL 3), but is not secure
           against modern attacks.

           The default is "sha512" unless libguestfs detects an old guest that didn't have
           support for SHA-512, in which case it will use "md5".  You can override libguestfs by
           specifying this option.

           Note this does not change the default password encryption used by the guest when you
           create new user accounts inside the guest.  If you want to do that, then you should
           use the --edit option to modify "/etc/sysconfig/authconfig" (Fedora, RHEL) or
           "/etc/pam.d/common-password" (Debian, Ubuntu).

       --root-password SELECTOR
           Set the root password.

           See "USERS AND PASSWORDS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field,
           and also how to set up user accounts.

           Note: In virt-builder, if you don't set --root-password then the guest is given a
           random root password.

       --run SCRIPT
           Run the shell script (or any program) called "SCRIPT" on the disk image.  The script
           runs virtualized inside a small appliance, chrooted into the guest filesystem.

           The script is automatically chmod +x.

           If libguestfs supports it then a limited network connection is available but it only
           allows outgoing network connections.  You can also attach data disks (eg. ISO files)
           as another way to provide data (eg. software packages) to the script without needing a
           network connection (--attach).  You can also upload data files (--upload).

           You can have multiple --run options.  They run in the same order that they appear on
           the command line.

           See also: --firstboot, --attach, --upload.

       --run-command 'CMD+ARGS'
           Run the command and arguments on the disk image.  The command runs virtualized inside
           a small appliance, chrooted into the guest filesystem.

           If libguestfs supports it then a limited network connection is available but it only
           allows outgoing network connections.  You can also attach data disks (eg. ISO files)
           as another way to provide data (eg. software packages) to the script without needing a
           network connection (--attach).  You can also upload data files (--upload).

           You can have multiple --run-command options.  They run in the same order that they
           appear on the command line.

           See also: --firstboot, --attach, --upload.

       --scrub FILE
           Scrub a file from the guest.  This is like --delete except that:

           •   It scrubs the data so a guest could not recover it.

           •   It cannot delete directories, only regular files.

       --selinux-relabel
           This is a compatibility option that does nothing.

       --sm-attach SELECTOR
           Attach to a pool using "subscription-manager".

           See "SUBSCRIPTION-MANAGER" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field.

       --sm-credentials SELECTOR
           Set the credentials for "subscription-manager".

           See "SUBSCRIPTION-MANAGER" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field.

       --sm-register
           Register the guest using "subscription-manager".

           This requires credentials being set using --sm-credentials.

       --sm-remove
           Remove all the subscriptions from the guest using "subscription-manager".

       --sm-unregister
           Unregister the guest using "subscription-manager".

       --ssh-inject USER[:SELECTOR]
           Inject an ssh key so the given "USER" will be able to log in over ssh without
           supplying a password.  The "USER" must exist already in the guest.

           See "SSH KEYS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field.

           You can have multiple --ssh-inject options, for different users and also for more keys
           for each user.

       --timezone TIMEZONE
           Set the default timezone of the guest to "TIMEZONE".  Use a location string like
           "Europe/London"

       --touch FILE
           This command performs a touch(1)-like operation on "FILE".

       --truncate FILE
           This command truncates "FILE" to a zero-length file. The file must exist already.

       --truncate-recursive PATH
           This command recursively truncates all files under "PATH" to zero-length.

       --uninstall PKG,PKG..
           Uninstall the named packages (a comma-separated list).  These are removed during the
           image build using the guest’s package manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.).  Dependent
           packages may also need to be uninstalled to satisfy the request.

           See also --install, --update.

       --update
           Do the equivalent of "yum update", "apt-get upgrade", or whatever command is required
           to update the packages already installed in the template to their latest versions.

           See also --install, --uninstall.

       --upload FILE:DEST
           Upload local file "FILE" to destination "DEST" in the disk image.  File owner and
           permissions from the original are preserved, so you should set them to what you want
           them to be in the disk image.

           "DEST" could be the final filename.  This can be used to rename the file on upload.

           If "DEST" is a directory name (which must already exist in the guest) then the file is
           uploaded into that directory, and it keeps the same name as on the local filesystem.

           See also: --mkdir, --delete, --scrub.

       --write FILE:CONTENT
           Write "CONTENT" to "FILE".

SELINUX

       For guests which make use of SELinux, special handling for them might be needed when using
       operations which create new files or alter existing ones.

       For further details, see "SELINUX" in virt-builder(1).

EXIT STATUS

       This program returns 0 on success, or 1 if there was an error.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       "VIRT_TOOLS_DATA_DIR"
           This can point to the directory containing data files used for Windows firstboot
           installation.

           Normally you do not need to set this.  If not set, a compiled-in default will be used
           (something like /usr/share/virt-tools).

           This directory may contain the following files:

           rhsrvany.exe
               This is the RHSrvAny Windows binary, used to install a "firstboot" script in
               Windows guests.  It is required if you intend to use the --firstboot or
               --firstboot-command options with Windows guests.

               See also: "https://github.com/rwmjones/rhsrvany"

           pvvxsvc.exe
               This is a Windows binary shipped with SUSE VMDP, used to install a "firstboot"
               script in Windows guests.  It is required if you intend to use the --firstboot or
               --firstboot-command options with Windows guests.

       For other environment variables, see "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" in guestfs(3).

SEE ALSO

       guestfs(3), guestfish(1), virt-builder(1), virt-clone(1), virt-rescue(1), virt-resize(1),
       virt-sparsify(1), virt-sysprep(1), virsh(1), lvcreate(8), qemu-img(1), scrub(1),
       http://libguestfs.org/, http://libvirt.org/.

AUTHORS

       Richard W.M. Jones http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 2011-2023 Red Hat Inc.

LICENSE

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
       the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
       version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
       without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
       See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program;
       if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
       Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

BUGS

       To get a list of bugs against libguestfs, use this link:
       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools

       To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link:
       https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools

       When reporting a bug, please supply:

       •   The version of libguestfs.

       •   Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled from source, etc)

       •   Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce it.

       •   Run libguestfs-test-tool(1) and paste the complete, unedited output into the bug
           report.