Provided by: atlc_4.6.1-6build1_amd64 bug

NAME

       create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect   -  bitmap  generator  for  a  circular  conductor  inside  a
       rectangular conductor (part of atlc)

SYNOPSIS

       create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect [options... ] d W H x y Er outfile.bmp

WARNING

       This man page is not a complete set of documentation - the complexity of the atlc  project
       makes  man  pages not an ideal way to document it, although out of completeness, man pages
       are produced.  The best documentation that  was  current  at  the  time  the  version  was
       produced should be found on your hard drive, usually at
       /usr/local/share/atlc/docs/html-docs/index.html
       although  it  might be elsewhere if your system administrator chose to install the package
       elsewhere.  Sometimes,  errors  are  corrected  in  the  documentation   and   placed   at
       http://atlc.sourceforge.net/  before  a  new  release of atlc is released.  Please, if you
       notice a problem with the documentation - even spelling errors and typos,  please  let  me
       know.

DESCRIPTION

       create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect  is  a  pre-processor  for atlc, the finite difference program
       that is used to calculate the properties of a two-conductor electrical  transmission  line
       of  arbitrary cross section. The program create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect is used as a fast way
       of generating bitmaps (there is no need  to  use  a  graphics  program),  for  a  circular
       conductor inside a rectangular conductor, like this:

       --------------------------------------------------------  ^
       |                                                      |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       |           Dielectric, permittivity=Er                |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       |         <------x------> ^                            |  H
       |       *****             |                            |  |
       |    ***********          y                            |  |
       |   *************         |                            |  |
       |   **************        |                            |  |
       |   <-----d------>        v                            |  |
       |   **************                                     |  |
       |   *************                                      |  |
       |    ***********                                       |  |
       |        ***                                           |  |
       |                                                      |  |
       -------------------------------------------------------   v
       <---------------------------W-------------------------->

       The  parameters  'W'  and  'H' and the inner dimensions of the outer conductor.  The inner
       conductor has a diameter of 'd' and is offset from the centre of the outer conductor by an
       amount  'x'  horizontally  and  'y'  vertically.   The  space  between the inner and outer
       conductors is a dielectric of relative permittivity  'Er'.  If  there  is  just  a  vacuum
       dielectric, then 'Er' should be set to 1.0

       The  bitmap  is  printed to standard output, which MUST be re-directed to either a file in
       one of the following two ways.

       create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect  d W H x y Er > filename.bmp OR
       create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -f filename.bmp d W H x y Er

       The bitmaps produced by create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect are 24-bit bit colour bitmaps, as  are
       required by atlc.

       The permittivities of the bitmap, set by 'Er', determine the colours in the bitmap. If Er1
       is 1.0, 1.006, 2.1, 2.2, 2.33, 2.5, 3.3, 3.335, 3.7, 4.8, 10.2  or  100  then  the  colour
       corresponding to that permittivity will be set according to the colours defined in COLOURS
       below. If Er is not one of those permittivities, the region of permittivity Er will be set
       to  the  colour  0xCAFF00. The program atlc does not know what these permittivites are, so
       atlc, must be told with the -d command line option, as in example 4 below.

OPTIONS

       -b bitmapsize
       is used to set the size of the bitmap, and so the  accuracy  to  which  atlc  is  able  to
       calculate  the  transmission  line's  properties.  The  default  value for 'bitmapsize' is
       normally 4, although this is set at compile time. The value can be set anywhere from 1  to
       15, but more than 8 is probably not sensible.

       -f outfile

       -v
       Causes  create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect to print some data to stderr. Note, nothing extra goes
       to standard output, as that is expected to be redirected to a bitmap file.

COLOURS

       The 24-bit bitmaps that atlc expects, have 8 bits assigned to represent the amount of red,
       8  for  blue  and 8 for green. Hence there are 256 levels of red, green and blue, making a
       total of 256*256*256=16777216 colours.  Every one of the possible 16777216 colours can  be
       defined precisely by the stating the exact amount of red, green and blue, as in:

       red         = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000
       green       = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00
       blue        = 000,000,255 or 0x0000ff
       black       = 000,000,000 or 0x000000
       white       = 255,255,255 or 0xffffff
       Brown       = 255,000,255 or 0xff00ff
       gray        = 142,142,142 or 0x8e8e8e

       Some  colours, such as pink, turquoise, sandy, brown, gray etc may mean slightly different
       things to different people. This is not so with atlc, as the program expects  the  colours
       below to be EXACTLY defined as given. Whether you feel the colour is sandy or yellow is up
       to you, but if you use it in your bitmap, then it either needs to be a  colour  recognised
       by  atlc,  or  you  must  define  it with a command line option (see OPTIONS and example 5
       below).
       The following conductors are recognised by atlc:
       red    = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000 is the live conductor.
       green  = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00 is the grounded conductor.
       black  = 000,000,000 or 0x000000 is the negative conductor

       All bitmaps must have the live (red) and grounded (green) conductor. The  black  conductor
       is  not  currently  supported, but it will be used to indicate a negative conductor, which
       will be needed if/when the program gets extended to analyse directional couplers.

       The  following  dielectrics  are   recognised   by   atlc   and   so   are   produced   by
       create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.

       white     255,255,255 or 0xFFFFFF as Er=1.0   (vacuum)
       white     255,202,202 or 0xFFCACA as Er=1.0006 (air)
       blue      000,000,255 or 0x0000FF as Er=2.1   (PTFE)
       Mid gray  142,242,142 or 0x8E8E8E as Er=2.2   (duroid 5880)
       mauve     255.000,255 or 0xFF00FF as Er=2.33  (polyethylene)
       yellow    255,255,000 or 0xFFFF00 as Er=2.5   (polystyrene)
       sandy     239,203,027 or 0xEFCC1A as Er=3.3   (PVC)
       brown     188,127,096 or 0xBC7F60 as Er=3.335 (epoxy resin)
       Turquoise 026,239,179 or 0x1AEFB3 as Er=4.8   (glass PCB)
       Dark gray 142,142,142 or ox696969 as Er=6.15  (duroid 6006)
       L. gray   240,240,240 or 0xDCDCDC as Er=10.2  (duroid 6010)
       D. Orange 213,160,077 or 0xD5A04D as Er=100   (for testing)
       If  the  permittivity is one not in the above list, then those parts of the image with Er1
       will be set to 0xCAFF00, and those parts with Er2 to 0xAC82AC.

EXAMPLES

       Here are a few examples of the use of create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.  Again,  see  the  html
       documentation in atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs for more examples.

       In  the  first example, there is just an air dielectric, so Er1=Er2=1.0.  The inner of 1x1
       inches (or mm, miles etc) is placed centrally in an outer with dimensions 3 x 3 inches.

       The exact place where the dielectric starts (a) and its width  (d)  are  unimportant,  but
       they must still be entered.

       % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 > ex1.bmp
       % atlc ex1.bmp

       In  this  second  example,  an  inner  of  15.0 mm x 0.5 mm is surrounded by an outer with
       internal dimensions of 61.5 x 20.1 mm. There is a material with permittivity  2.1  (Er  of
       PTFE)  below the inner conductor. The output from create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect is sent to a
       file ex1.bmp, which is then processed by atlc

       % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 61.5 20.1 5 22 0.5 50 15 5 1.0 2.1 > ex2.bmp
       % atlc ex2.bmp

       In example 3, the bitmap is made larger, to  increase  accuracy,  but  otherwise  this  is
       identical  to the second example.  % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -b7 61.5 20.1 5 22 0.5 50
       15 5 1.0 2.1 > ex3.bmp
       % atlc ex3.bmp

       In the fourth example, instead of re-directing create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect's output  to  a
       file with the > sign, it is done using the -f option.
       % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -f ex4.bmp 61.5 20.1 5 22 0.5 50 15 5 1.0 2.1
       % atlc ex4.bmp

       In  the fifth example, materials with permittivites 2.78 and 7.89 are used. While there is
       no change in how to use create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect, since these  permittivities  are  not
       known, we must tell atlc what they are.  % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 61 20 1 4 22 0.5 50
       15 5 2.78 7.89 > ex5.bmp % atlc -d CAFF00=2.78 -d AC82AC=7.89 ex5.bmp  In  the  sixth  and
       final  example,  the  -v  option  is  used  to  print  some  extra  data  to  stderr  from
       create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.

SEE ALSO

       atlc(1)        create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ(1)         create_bmp_for_microstrip_coupler(1)
       create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect(1)              create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect_coupler(1)
       create_bmp_for_rect_in_circ(1)                              create_bmp_for_rect_in_rect(1)
       create_bmp_for_stripline_coupler(1)                create_bmp_for_symmetrical_stripline(1)
       design_coupler(1) find_optimal_dimensions_for_microstrip_coupler(1) readbin(1)

       http://atlc.sourceforge.net                - Home page
       http://sourceforge.net/projects/atlc       - Download area
       atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html       - HTML docs
       atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/qex-december-1996/atlc.pdf - theory paper
       atlc-X.Y.Z/examples                        - examples