Provided by: flac_1.4.3+ds-2.1ubuntu2_amd64 bug

NAME

       flac - Free Lossless Audio Codec

SYNOPSIS

       flac  [  OPTIONS  ]  [ infile.wav | infile.rf64 | infile.aiff | infile.raw | infile.flac |
       infile.oga | infile.ogg | - ... ]

       flac [ -d | --decode | -t | --test | -a  |  --analyze  ]  [  OPTIONS  ]  [  infile.flac  |
       infile.oga | infile.ogg | - ... ]

DESCRIPTION

       flac is a command-line tool for encoding, decoding, testing and analyzing FLAC streams.

GENERAL USAGE

       flac  supports  as  input  RIFF  WAVE, Wave64, RF64, AIFF, FLAC or Ogg FLAC format, or raw
       interleaved samples.  The decoder currently can output to RIFF WAVE, Wave64, RF64, or AIFF
       format,  or  raw  interleaved  samples.   flac  only supports linear PCM samples (in other
       words, no A-LAW, uLAW, etc.), and the input must be between 4 and 32 bits per sample.

       flac assumes that files ending in “.wav” or that have the RIFF  WAVE  header  present  are
       WAVE  files,  files  ending  in “.w64” or have the Wave64 header present are Wave64 files,
       files ending in “.rf64” or have the RF64 header present are RF64 files,  files  ending  in
       “.aif”  or “.aiff” or have the AIFF header present are AIFF files, files ending in “.flac”
       or have the FLAC header present are FLAC files and files ending in  “.oga”  or  “.ogg”  or
       have the Ogg FLAC header present are Ogg FLAC files.

       Other than this, flac makes no assumptions about file extensions, though the convention is
       that FLAC files have the extension “.flac” (or “.fla” on ancient “8.3” file  systems  like
       FAT-16).

       Before  going  into  the full command-line description, a few other things help to sort it
       out: 1.  flac encodes by default, so you must use -d to decode 2.  the options -0  ..   -8
       (or  –fast  and  –best)  that control the compression level actually are just synonyms for
       different groups of specific encoding options (described later) and you can get  the  same
       effect  by using the same options.  When specific options are specified they take priority
       over the compression level no matter the order 3.  flac behaves similarly to gzip  in  the
       way  it  handles  input  and  output files 4.  the order in which options are specified is
       generally not important

       Skip to the examples below for examples of some common tasks.

       flac will be invoked one of four ways, depending on whether you  are  encoding,  decoding,
       testing,  or analyzing.  Encoding is the default invocation, but can be switch to decoding
       with -d, analysis with -a or testing with -t.  Depending on which way is chosen, encoding,
       decoding,  analysis  or  testing  options  can  be  used, see section OPTIONS for details.
       General options can be used for all.

       If only one inputfile is specified, it may be “-” for stdin.  When stdin is used as input,
       flac  will  write  to  stdout.   Otherwise flac will perform the desired operation on each
       input file to similarly named output files (meaning for encoding, the  extension  will  be
       replaced  with  “.flac”,  or appended with “.flac” if the input file has no extension, and
       for decoding, the extension will be “.wav” for WAVE output and  “.raw”  for  raw  output).
       The original file is not deleted unless –delete-input-file is specified.

       If you are encoding/decoding from stdin to a file, you should use the -o option like so:

              flac [options] -o outputfile
              flac -d [options] -o outputfile

       which are better than:

              flac [options] > outputfile
              flac -d [options] > outputfile

       since the former allows flac to seek backwards to write the STREAMINFO or RIFF WAVE header
       contents when necessary.

       Also, you can force output data to go to stdout using -c.

       To encode or decode files that start with a dash, use – to signal the end of  options,  to
       keep the filenames themselves from being treated as options:

              flac -V -- -01-filename.wav

       The  encoding options affect the compression ratio and encoding speed.  The format options
       are used to tell flac the arrangement of samples if the input file (or  output  file  when
       decoding)  is  a  raw  file.   If it is a RIFF WAVE, Wave64, RF64, or AIFF file the format
       options are not needed since they are read from the file’s header.

       In test mode, flac acts just like in decode mode, except no output file is written.   Both
       decode  and  test  modes  detect  errors  in the stream, but they also detect when the MD5
       signature of the decoded audio does not match the stored  MD5  signature,  even  when  the
       bitstream is valid.

       flac  can  also  re-encode FLAC files.  In other words, you can specify a FLAC or Ogg FLAC
       file as an input to the encoder and it will decoder it and re-encode it according  to  the
       options  you  specify.  It will also preserve all the metadata unless you override it with
       other options (e.g.  specifying new tags, seekpoints, cuesheet, padding, etc.).

       flac has been tuned so that the default settings  yield  a  good  speed  vs.   compression
       tradeoff for many kinds of input.  However, if you are looking to maximize the compression
       rate or speed, or want to use the full power of  FLAC’s  metadata  system,  see  the  page
       titled `About the FLAC Format' on the FLAC website.

EXAMPLES

       Some common encoding tasks using flac:

       flac abc.wav
              Encode  abc.wav  to abc.flac using the default compression setting.  abc.wav is not
              deleted.

       flac --delete-input-file abc.wav
              Like above, except abc.wav is deleted if there were no errors.

       flac --delete-input-file -w abc.wav
              Like above, except abc.wav is deleted if there were no errors or warnings.

       flac --best abc.wav
              Encode abc.wav to abc.flac using the highest compression setting.

       flac --verify abc.wav
              Encode abc.wav to abc.flac and internally decode abc.flac to make sure  it  matches
              abc.wav.

       flac -o my.flac abc.wav
              Encode abc.wav to my.flac.

       flac -T "TITLE=Bohemian Rhapsody" -T "ARTIST=Queen" abc.wav
              Encode abc.wav and add some tags at the same time to abc.flac.

       flac *.wav
              Encode all .wav files in the current directory.

       flac abc.aiff
              Encode abc.aiff to abc.flac.

       flac abc.rf64
              Encode abc.rf64 to abc.flac.

       flac abc.w64
              Encode abc.w64 to abc.flac.

       flac abc.flac --force
              This one’s a little tricky: notice that flac is in encode mode by default (you have
              to specify -d to decode) so this command actually  recompresses  abc.flac  back  to
              abc.flac.  –force is needed to make sure you really want to overwrite abc.flac with
              a new version.  Why would you want to do this?  It  allows  you  to  recompress  an
              existing  FLAC file with (usually) higher compression options or a newer version of
              FLAC and preserve all the metadata like tags too.

       Some common decoding tasks using flac:

       flac -d abc.flac
              Decode abc.flac to abc.wav.  abc.flac is not deleted.  NOTE: Without  -d  it  means
              re-encode abc.flac to abc.flac (see above).

       flac -d --force-aiff-format abc.flac
       flac  -d  -o abc.aiff abc.flac : Two different ways of decoding abc.flac to abc.aiff (AIFF
       format).  abc.flac is not deleted.

       flac -d --force-rf64-format abc.flac
       flac -d -o abc.rf64 abc.flac : Two different ways of decoding abc.flac to  abc.rf64  (RF64
       format).  abc.flac is not deleted.

       flac -d --force-wave64-format abc.flac
       flac  -d  -o abc.w64 abc.flac : Two different ways of decoding abc.flac to abc.w64 (Wave64
       format).  abc.flac is not deleted.

       flac -d -F abc.flac
              Decode abc.flac to abc.wav  and  don’t  abort  if  errors  are  found  (useful  for
              recovering as much as possible from corrupted files).

OPTIONS

       A  summary  of  options  is  included  below.   For  a  complete description, see the HTML
       documentation.

   GENERAL OPTIONS
       -v, --version
              Show the flac version number

       -h, --help
              Show basic usage and a list of all options

       -H, --explain
              Show detailed explanation of usage and all options

       -d, --decode
              Decode (the default behavior is to encode)

       -t, --test
              Test a flac encoded file (same as -d except no decoded file is written)

       -a, --analyze
              Analyze a FLAC encoded file (same as -d except an analysis file is written)

       -c, --stdout
              Write output to stdout

       -s, --silent
              Silent mode (do not write runtime encode/decode statistics to stderr)

       --totally-silent
              Do not print anything of any kind, including warnings or  errors.   The  exit  code
              will be the only way to determine successful completion.

       --no-utf8-convert
              Do  not  convert tags from local charset to UTF-8.  This is useful for scripts, and
              setting tags in situations where the locale is  wrong.   This  option  must  appear
              before any tag options!

       -w, --warnings-as-errors
              Treat  all  warnings  as errors (which cause flac to terminate with a non-zero exit
              code).

       -f, --force
              Force overwriting of output files.  By default, flac warns  that  the  output  file
              already exists and continues to the next file.

       -o filename, --output-name=filename
              Force  the output file name (usually flac just changes the extension).  May only be
              used when encoding a single file.  May not be used in  conjunction  with  --output-
              prefix.

       --output-prefix=string
              Prefix  each  output  file  name  with  the  given  string.  This can be useful for
              encoding or decoding files to a different directory.  Make sure if your string is a
              path name that it ends with a trailing `/’ (slash).

       --delete-input-file
              Automatically  delete the input file after a successful encode or decode.  If there
              was an error (including a verify error) the input file is left intact.

       --preserve-modtime
              Output files have their timestamps/permissions set to match those of  their  inputs
              (this is default).  Use --no-preserve-modtime to make output files have the current
              time and default permissions.

       --keep-foreign-metadata
              If encoding, save WAVE, RF64, or  AIFF  non-audio  chunks  in  FLAC  metadata.   If
              decoding,  restore  any  saved non-audio chunks from FLAC metadata when writing the
              decoded file.  Foreign metadata cannot be transcoded, e.g. WAVE chunks saved  in  a
              FLAC  file  cannot  be  restored  when  decoding to AIFF.  Input and output must be
              regular files (not stdin or stdout).  With this option, FLAC will  pick  the  right
              output format on decoding.

       --keep-foreign-metadata-if-present
              Like  --keep-foreign-metadata,  but  without  throwing an error if foreign metadata
              cannot be found or restored, instead printing a warning.

       --skip={#|mm:ss.ss}
              Skip over the first number of samples of the input.  This works for  both  encoding
              and  decoding,  but  not  testing.   The  alternative  form mm:ss.ss can be used to
              specify minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second.

       --until={#|[+|-]mm:ss.ss}
              Stop at the given sample number for each input file.  This works for both  encoding
              and  decoding,  but  not  testing.   The given sample number is not included in the
              decoded output.  The alternative form mm:ss.ss can  be  used  to  specify  minutes,
              seconds,  and fractions of a second.  If a `+’ (plus) sign is at the beginning, the
              --until point is relative to the --skip point.  If a `-’ (minus)  sign  is  at  the
              beginning, the --until point is relative to end of the audio.

       --ogg  When  encoding,  generate Ogg FLAC output instead of native FLAC.  Ogg FLAC streams
              are FLAC streams wrapped in an Ogg transport layer.  The resulting file should have
              an  `.oga' extension and will still be decodable by flac.  When decoding, force the
              input to be treated as Ogg FLAC.  This is useful when piping input  from  stdin  or
              when the filename does not end in `.oga' or `.ogg'.

       --serial-number=#
              When  used  with  --ogg,  specifies the serial number to use for the first Ogg FLAC
              stream, which is then incremented for each additional stream.  When encoding and no
              serial  number  is  given,  flac  uses  a  random number for the first stream, then
              increments it for each additional stream.  When decoding and no  number  is  given,
              flac uses the serial number of the first page.

   ANALYSIS OPTIONS
       --residual-text
              Includes  the  residual  signal in the analysis file.  This will make the file very
              big, much larger than even the decoded file.

       --residual-gnuplot
              Generates a gnuplot file for every subframe; each file will  contain  the  residual
              distribution of the subframe.  This will create a lot of files.

   DECODING OPTIONS
       --cue=[#.#][-[#.#]]
              Set  the  beginning  and ending cuepoints to decode.  The optional first #.# is the
              track and index point at which decoding will start; the default is the beginning of
              the stream.  The optional second #.# is the track and index point at which decoding
              will end; the default is the end of the stream.  If the cuepoint  does  not  exist,
              the  closest  one  before  it (for the start point) or after it (for the end point)
              will be used.  If those don’t exist, the start of the stream (for the start  point)
              or  end  of  the stream (for the end point) will be used.  The cuepoints are merely
              translated into sample numbers then used as --skip and --until.   A  CD  track  can
              always  be  cued by, for example, --cue=9.1-10.1 for track 9, even if the CD has no
              10th track.

       -F, --decode-through-errors
              By default flac stops decoding with an error and removes the partially decoded file
              if  it  encounters  a  bitstream error.  With -F, errors are still printed but flac
              will continue decoding to completion.  Note that errors may cause the decoded audio
              to be missing some samples or have silent sections.

       --apply-replaygain-which-is-not-lossless[=<specification>]
              Applies  ReplayGain values while decoding.  WARNING: THIS IS NOT LOSSLESS.  DECODED
              AUDIO WILL NOT BE IDENTICAL TO THE ORIGINAL WITH THIS OPTION. This option is useful
              for  example  in  transcoding  media  servers,  where  the  client does not support
              ReplayGain.  For details on the use of this  option,  see  the  section  ReplayGain
              application specification.

   ENCODING OPTIONS
       -V, --verify
              Verify  a  correct encoding by decoding the output in parallel and comparing to the
              original

       --lax  Allow encoder to generate non-Subset files.  The resulting FLAC  file  may  not  be
              streamable  or  might have trouble being played in all players (especially hardware
              devices), so you should only use this option in combination  with  custom  encoding
              options meant for archival.

       --replay-gain
              Calculate  ReplayGain  values  and  store them as FLAC tags, similar to vorbisgain.
              Title gains/peaks will be computed for each input file, and an album gain/peak will
              be  computed  for all files.  All input files must have the same resolution, sample
              rate, and number of channels.  Only mono and stereo  files  are  allowed,  and  the
              sample rate must be 8, 11.025, 12, 16, 18.9, 22.05, 24, 28, 32, 36, 37.8, 44.1, 48,
              56, 64, 72, 75.6, 88.2, 96, 112, 128, 144, 151.2, 176.4, 192, 224, 256, 288, 302.4,
              352.8,  384,  448,  512, 576, or 604.8 kHz.  Also note that this option may leave a
              few extra bytes in a PADDING block as the exact size of the tags is not known until
              all  files  are  processed.   Note that this option cannot be used when encoding to
              standard output (stdout).

       --cuesheet=filename
              Import the given cuesheet file and store it in a  CUESHEET  metadata  block.   This
              option may only be used when encoding a single file.  A seekpoint will be added for
              each index point in the cuesheet to the SEEKTABLE  unless  --no-cued-seekpoints  is
              specified.

       --picture={FILENAME|SPECIFICATION}
              Import a picture and store it in a PICTURE metadata block.  More than one --picture
              option can be specified.  Either a filename for the picture file or a more complete
              specification  form  can  be  used.   The SPECIFICATION is a string whose parts are
              separated by | (pipe) characters.  Some parts may be left empty to  invoke  default
              values.   FILENAME  is  just  shorthand  for  “||||FILENAME”.   For  the  format of
              SPECIFICATION, see the section picture specification.

       --ignore-chunk-sizes
              When encoding to flac, ignore the file size  headers  in  WAV  and  AIFF  files  to
              attempt  to  work around problems with over-sized or malformed files.  WAV and AIFF
              files both have an unsigned 32 bit numbers in the file header  which  specifes  the
              length  of audio data.  Since this number is unsigned 32 bits, that limits the size
              of a valid file to being just over 4 Gigabytes.  Files larger than  this  are  mal-
              formed, but should be read correctly using this option.

       -S {#|X|#x|#s}, --seekpoint={#|X|#x|#s}
              Include  a  point  or  points in a SEEKTABLE.  Using #, a seek point at that sample
              number is added.  Using X, a placeholder point is added at the end of a the  table.
              Using  #x,  # evenly spaced seek points will be added, the first being at sample 0.
              Using #s, a seekpoint will be added every # seconds (# does not have to be a  whole
              number;  it  can be, for example, 9.5, meaning a seekpoint every 9.5 seconds).  You
              may use many -S options; the resulting SEEKTABLE will be the unique-ified union  of
              all  such  values.   With  no  -S  options,  flac  defaults to `-S 10s'.  Use --no-
              seektable for no SEEKTABLE.  Note: `-S #x' and `-S #s' will not work if the encoder
              can’t  determine  the input size before starting.  Note: if you use `-S #' and # is
              >= samples in the input, there will be either no seek point entered (if  the  input
              size  is determinable before encoding starts) or a placeholder point (if input size
              is not determinable).

       -P #, --padding=#
              Tell the encoder to write a PADDING metadata block of the given length  (in  bytes)
              after  the STREAMINFO block.  This is useful if you plan to tag the file later with
              an APPLICATION block; instead of having to rewrite the entire file  later  just  to
              insert  your  block,  you can write directly over the PADDING block.  Note that the
              total length of the PADDING block will be 4 bytes  longer  than  the  length  given
              because  of  the  4 metadata block header bytes.  You can force no PADDING block at
              all to be written with --no-padding.  The encoder writes a PADDING  block  of  8192
              bytes  by default (or 65536 bytes if the input audio stream is more that 20 minutes
              long).

       -T FIELD=VALUE, --tag=FIELD=VALUE
              Add a FLAC tag.  The comment must adhere to the Vorbis comment spec; i.e. the FIELD
              must  contain  only legal characters, terminated by an `equals' sign.  Make sure to
              quote the comment if necessary.  This option may  appear  more  than  once  to  add
              several comments.  NOTE: all tags will be added to all encoded files.

       --tag-from-file=FIELD=FILENAME
              Like  --tag,  except FILENAME is a file whose contents will be read verbatim to set
              the tag value.  The contents will be converted to UTF-8  from  the  local  charset.
              This   can   be   used   to   store   a   cuesheet   in   a  tag  (e.g. --tag-from-
              file=“CUESHEET=image.cue”).  Do not try to store binary data in  tag  fields!   Use
              APPLICATION blocks for that.

       -b #, --blocksize=#
              Specify  the  blocksize  in samples.  The default is 1152 for -l 0, else 4096.  For
              subset streams this must be <= 4608 if the samplerate <= 48kHz, for subset  streams
              with higher samplerates it must be <= 16384.

       -m, --mid-side
              Try mid-side coding for each frame (stereo input only)

       -M, --adaptive-mid-side
              Adaptive mid-side coding for all frames (stereo input only)

       -0..-8, --compression-level-0..--compression-level-8
              Fastest  compression..highest  compression (default is -5).  These are synonyms for
              other options:

       -0, --compression-level-0
              Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -r 3 --no-mid-side

       -1, --compression-level-1
              Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -M -r 3

       -2, --compression-level-2
              Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -m -r 3

       -3, --compression-level-3
              Synonymous with -l 6 -b 4096 -r 4 --no-mid-side

       -4, --compression-level-4
              Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -M -r 4

       -5, --compression-level-5
              Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -m -r 5

       -6, --compression-level-6
              Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -m -r 6 -A subdivide_tukey(2)

       -7, --compression-level-7
              Synonymous with -l 12 -b 4096 -m -r 6 -A subdivide_tukey(2)

       -8, --compression-level-8
              Synonymous with -l 12 -b 4096 -m -r 6 -A subdivide_tukey(3)

       --fast Fastest compression.  Currently synonymous with -0.

       --best Highest compression.  Currently synonymous with -8.

       -e, --exhaustive-model-search
              Do exhaustive model search (expensive!)

       -A function, --apodization=function
              Window audio data with given the apodization  function.   See  section  Apodization
              functions for details.

       -l #, --max-lpc-order=#
              Specifies  the  maximum LPC order.  This number must be <= 32.  For subset streams,
              it must be <=12 if the sample rate is <=48kHz.  If 0, the encoder will not  attempt
              generic  linear  prediction, and use only fixed predictors.  Using fixed predictors
              is faster but usually results in files being 5-10% larger.

       -p, --qlp-coeff-precision-search
              Do exhaustive search of LP coefficient quantization  (expensive!).   Overrides  -q;
              does nothing if using -l 0

       -q #, --qlp-coeff-precision=#
              Precision  of  the quantized linear-predictor coefficients, 0 => let encoder decide
              (min is 5, default is 0)

       -r [#,]#, --rice-partition-order=[#,]#
              Set the  [min,]max  residual  partition  order  (0..15).   min  defaults  to  0  if
              unspecified.  Default is -r 5.

   FORMAT OPTIONS
       --endian={big|little}
              Set the byte order for samples

       --channels=#
              Set number of channels.

       --bps=#
              Set bits per sample.

       --sample-rate=#
              Set sample rate (in Hz).

       --sign={signed|unsigned}
              Set the sign of samples.

       --input-size=#
              Specify  the  size of the raw input in bytes.  If you are encoding raw samples from
              stdin, you must set this option in  order  to  be  able  to  use  --skip,  --until,
              --cuesheet,  or  other  options that need to know the size of the input beforehand.
              If the size given is greater than what is found in the input  stream,  the  encoder
              will  complain about an unexpected end-of-file.  If the size given is less, samples
              will be truncated.

       --force-raw-format
              Force input (when encoding) or output (when decoding) to be treated as raw  samples
              (even if filename ends in .wav).

       --force-aiff-format
       --force-rf64-format
       --force-wave64-format  : Force the decoder to output AIFF/RF64/WAVE64 format respectively.
       This option is not needed if the output filename (as set by -o) ends with .aif  or  .aiff,
       .rf64 and .w64 respectively.  Also, this option has no effect when encoding since input is
       auto-detected.  When none of these options nor –keep-foreign-metadata  are  given  and  no
       output filename is set, the output format is WAV by default.

       --force-legacy-wave-format
       --force-extensible-wave-format  :  Instruct  the  decoder  to  output  a  WAVE  file  with
       WAVE_FORMAT_PCM and WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE respectively.  If none  of  these  options  nor
       –keep-foreign-metadata  are  given, FLAC outputs WAVE_FORMAT_PCM for mono or stereo with a
       bit depth of 8 or 16 bits, and WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE for all other audio formats.

       --force-aiff-c-none-format
       --force-aiff-c-sowt-format : Instruct the decoder to output an  AIFF-C  file  with  format
       NONE and sowt respectively.

   NEGATIVE OPTIONS
       --no-adaptive-mid-side
       --no-cued-seekpoints
       --no-decode-through-errors
       --no-delete-input-file
       --no-preserve-modtime
       --no-keep-foreign-metadata
       --no-exhaustive-model-search
       --no-force
       --no-lax
       --no-mid-side
       --no-ogg
       --no-padding
       --no-qlp-coeff-prec-search
       --no-replay-gain
       --no-residual-gnuplot
       --no-residual-text
       --no-seektable
       --no-silent
       --no-verify
       --no-warnings-as-errors

       These flags can be used to invert the sense of the corresponding normal option.

   ReplayGain application specification
       The  option  --apply-replaygain-which-is-not-lossless[=<specification>] applies ReplayGain
       values while decoding.  WARNING:  THIS  IS  NOT  LOSSLESS.   DECODED  AUDIO  WILL  NOT  BE
       IDENTICAL  TO  THE  ORIGINAL  WITH  THIS  OPTION.**   This option is useful for example in
       transcoding media servers, where the client does not support ReplayGain.

       The equals sign and <specification> is optional.  If omitted, the default specification is
       0aLn1.

       The  <specification>  is a shorthand notation for describing how to apply ReplayGain.  All
       components are optional but order is important.  `[]' means `optional'.  `|'  means  `or'.
       `{}' means required.  The format is:

       [<preamp>][a|t][l|L][n{0|1|2|3}]

       In which the following parameters are used:

       • preamp: A floating point number in dB.  This is added to the existing gain value.

       • a|t:  Specify  `a' to use the album gain, or `t' to use the track gain.  If tags for the
         preferred kind (album/track) do not exist but tags for the other (track/album) do, those
         will be used instead.

       • l|L:  Specify  `l'  to peak-limit the output, so that the ReplayGain peak value is full-
         scale.  Specify `L' to use a 6dB hard limiter that kicks in when the  signal  approaches
         full-scale.

       • n{0|1|2|3}:  Specify  the  amount  of  noise  shaping.   ReplayGain synthesis happens in
         floating point; the  result  is  dithered  before  converting  back  to  integer.   This
         quantization  adds noise.  Noise shaping tries to move the noise where you won’t hear it
         as much.  0 means no noise shaping, 1 means `low', 2 means `medium', 3 means `high'.

       For example, the default of 0aLn1 means 0dB preamp, use album gain, 6dB  hard  limit,  low
       noise  shaping.   --apply-replaygain-which-is-not-lossless=3  means  3dB preamp, use album
       gain, no limiting, no noise shaping.

       flac uses the ReplayGain tags for the calculation.  If a stream does not have the required
       tags  or they can’t be parsed, decoding will continue with a warning, and no ReplayGain is
       applied to that stream.

   Picture specification
       This  described  the  specification  used  for  the   --picture   option.    [TYPE]|[MIME-
       TYPE]|[DESCRIPTION]|[WIDTHxHEIGHTxDEPTH[/COLORS]]|FILE

       TYPE is optional; it is a number from one of:

        0. Other

        1. 32x32 pixels `file icon' (PNG only)

        2. Other file icon

        3. Cover (front)

        4. Cover (back)

        5. Leaflet page

        6. Media (e.g. label side of CD)

        7. Lead artist/lead performer/soloist

        8. Artist/performer

        9. Conductor

       10. Band/Orchestra

       11. Composer

       12. Lyricist/text writer

       13. Recording Location

       14. During recording

       15. During performance

       16. Movie/video screen capture

       17. A bright coloured fish

       18. Illustration

       19. Band/artist logotype

       20. Publisher/Studio logotype

       The  default  is 3 (front cover).  There may only be one picture each of type 1 and 2 in a
       file.

       MIME-TYPE is optional; if left blank, it  will  be  detected  from  the  file.   For  best
       compatibility with players, use pictures with MIME type image/jpeg or image/png.  The MIME
       type can also be --> to mean that FILE is actually a URL to an image, though this  use  is
       discouraged.

       DESCRIPTION is optional; the default is an empty string.

       The  next  part  specifies  the  resolution  and  color  information.  If the MIME-TYPE is
       image/jpeg, image/png, or image/gif, you can usually leave this  empty  and  they  can  be
       detected  from  the  file.   Otherwise,  you  must  specify the width in pixels, height in
       pixels, and color depth in bits-per-pixel.  If the image has  indexed  colors  you  should
       also  specify  the  number  of  colors  used.   When manually specified, it is not checked
       against the file for accuracy.

       FILE is the path to the picture file to be imported, or the URL if MIME type is -->

       For example, “|image/jpeg|||../cover.jpg”  will  embed  the  JPEG  file  at  ../cover.jpg,
       defaulting  to  type  3  (front cover) and an empty description.  The resolution and color
       info will be retrieved from the file itself.

       The specification “4|-->|CD|320x300x24/173|http://blah.blah/backcover.tiff” will embed the
       given URL, with type 4 (back cover), description “CD”, and a manually specified resolution
       of 320x300, 24 bits-per-pixel, and 173 colors.  The file at the URL will not  be  fetched;
       the URL itself is stored in the PICTURE metadata block.

   Apodization functions
       To  improve LPC analysis, audio data is windowed .  The window can be selected with one or
       more  -A  options.    Possible   functions   are:   bartlett,   bartlett_hann,   blackman,
       blackman_harris_4term_92db,  connes, flattop, gauss(STDDEV), hamming, hann, kaiser_bessel,
       nuttall,       rectangle,       triangle,       tukey(P),       partial_tukey(n[/ov[/P]]),
       punchout_tukey(n[/ov[/P]]), subdivide_tukey(n[/P]) welch.

       • For gauss(STDDEV), STDDEV is the standard deviation (0<STDDEV<=0.5).

       • For  tukey(P),  P  specifies  the  fraction  of the window that is tapered (0<=P<=1; P=0
         corresponds to “rectangle” and P=1 corresponds to “hann”).

       • For partial_tukey(n) and punchout_tukey(n), n apodization functions are added that  span
         different  parts  of  each  block.   Values  of  2  to 6 seem to yield sane results.  If
         necessary, an overlap can be specified, as can  be  the  taper  parameter,  for  example
         partial_tukey(2/0.2)  or  partial_tukey(2/0.2/0.5).  ov should be smaller than 1 and can
         be negative.  The use of this is that different parts of a  block  are  ignored  as  the
         might  contain  transients  which are hard to predict anyway.  The encoder will try each
         different added apodization (each covering a different part of the block) to  see  which
         resulting predictor results in the smallest representation.

       • subdivide_tukey(n)   is   a   more   efficient  reimplementation  of  partial_tukey  and
         punchout_tukey taken together, recycling as much data  as  possible.   It  combines  all
         possible  non-redundant  partial_tukey(n)  and  punchout_tukey(n) up to the n specified.
         Specifying subdivide_tukey(3)  is  equivalent  to  specifying  tukey,  partial_tukey(2),
         partial_tukey(3)  and punchout_tukey(3), specifying subdivide_tukey(5) equivalently adds
         partial_tukey(4), punchout_tukey(4), partial_tukey(5) and punchout_tukey(5).  To be able
         to  reuse  data as much as possible, the tukey taper is taken equal for all windows, and
         the  P  specified  is  applied  for  the  smallest  used  window.    In   other   words,
         subdivide_tukey(2/0.5)   results   in   a   taper  equal  to  that  of  tukey(0.25)  and
         subdivide_tukey(5) in  a  taper  equal  to  that  of  tukey(0.1).   The  default  P  for
         subdivide_tukey when none is specified is 0.5.

       Note  that  P, STDDEV and ov are locale specific, so a comma as decimal separator might be
       required  instead  of  a  dot.   Use  scientific   notation   for   a   locale-independent
       specification, for example tukey(5e-1) instead of tukey(0.5) or tukey(0,5).

       More  than  one  -A  option  (up  to  32)  may  be  used.   Any function that is specified
       erroneously is silently dropped.  The encoder chooses suitable defaults in the absence  of
       any -A options; any -A option specified replaces the default(s).

       When  more  than  one  function is specified, then for every subframe the encoder will try
       each of them separately and choose the window that  results  in  the  smallest  compressed
       subframe.  Multiple functions can greatly increase the encoding time.

SEE ALSO

       metaflac(1)

AUTHOR

       This  manual  page was initially written by Matt Zimmerman <mdz@debian.org> for the Debian
       GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).  It has been kept up-to-date by the Xiph.org
       Foundation.