Provided by: joe_4.6-1.2_amd64 bug

NAME

       JOE - Joe´s Own Editor

Syntax

       joe [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...
       jstar [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...
       jmacs [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...
       rjoe [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...
       jpico [global-options] [ [local-options] filename ]...

Description

       JOE  is  a  powerful  console  screen editor. It has a "mode-less" user interface which is
       similar to many user-friendly PC editors.  Users  of  Micro-Pro´s  WordStar  or  Borland´s
       "Turbo" languages will feel at home. JOE is a full featured UNIX screen-editor though, and
       has many features for editing programs and text.

       JOE also emulates several other editors. JSTAR is a close imitation of WordStar with  many
       "JOE" extensions. JPICO is a close imitation of the Pine mailing system´s PICO editor, but
       with many extensions  and  improvements.  JMACS  is  a  GNU-EMACS  imitation.  RJOE  is  a
       restricted  version  of  JOE,  which  allows  you  to edit only the files specified on the
       command line.

       Although JOE is actually five different editors, it still requires  only  one  executable,
       but  one with five different names. The name of the editor with an "rc" appended gives the
       name of JOE´s initialization file, which determines the personality of the editor.

       JOE is free software; you can distribute it and/or modify it under the terms  of  the  GNU
       General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation. JOE is available over
       the Internet from http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/joe-editor.

Usage

       To start the editor, type joe followed by zero or more names of files you  want  to  edit.
       Each  file  name  may  be  preceded by a local option setting (see the local options table
       which follows). Other global options, which apply to the editor as a whole,  may  also  be
       placed  on  the  command  line  (see  the  global options table which follows). If you are
       editing a new file, you can either give the name of the  new  file  when  you  invoke  the
       editor,  or  in the editor when you save the new file. A modified syntax for file names is
       provided to allow you to edit program output, standard input/output, or sections of  files
       or devices. See the section Filenames below for details.

       Once  you  are  in  the  editor,  you  can  type in text and use special control-character
       sequences to perform other editing tasks. To find out what the control-character sequences
       are, read the rest of this man page or type ^K H for help in the editor.

       Now for some obscure computer-lore:

       The  ^ means that you hold down the Control key while pressing the following key (the same
       way the Shift key works for uppercase letters). A  number  of  control-key  sequences  are
       duplicated  on  other keys, so that you don´t need to press the control key: Esc will work
       in place of ^[, Del will work in place of ^?, Backspace will work in place of ^H, Tab will
       work  in  place  of ^I, Return or Enter will work in place of ^M and Linefeed will work in
       place of ^J. Some keyboards may give you trouble with some control keys. ^_, ^^ and ^@ can
       usually  be  entered without pressing shift (i.e., try ^-, ^6 and ^2). Other keyboards may
       reassign these to other keys. Try: ^., ^, and ^/. ^Space can usually be used in  place  of
       ^@. ^\ and ^] are interpreted by many communication programs, including telnet and kermit.
       Usually you just hit the key twice to get it to pass through the communication program.

       On some keyboards, holding the Alt key down while pressing another  key  is  the  same  as
       typing Esc before typing the other key.

       Once  you have typed ^K H, the first help window appears at the top of the screen. You can
       continue to enter and edit text while the help window is on. To page through other topics,
       hit Esc , and Esc . (that is, Esc , and Esc .). Use ^K H to dismiss the help window.

       You  can customize the keyboard layout, the help screens and a number of behavior defaults
       by copying JOE´s initialization file (usually  /etc/joe/joerc)  to  .joerc  in  your  home
       directory and then by modifying it. See the section joerc below.

       To  have  JOE  used as your default editor for e-mail and News, you need to set the EDITOR
       and VISUAL environment variables in your shell initialization file (.cshrc or .profile) to
       refer to JOE (JOE usually resides as /usr/bin/joe).

       There  are  a  number  of  other  obscure  invocation parameters which may have to be set,
       particularly if your terminal screen is not updating as  you  think  it  should.  See  the
       section Environment variables below.

Command Line Options

       These  options can also be specified in the joerc file. Local options can be set depending
       on the file-name extension. Programs (.c, .h or  .p  extension)  usually  have  autoindent
       enabled. Wordwrap is enabled on other files, but rc files have it disabled.

       An option is enabled when it´s given like this:

           -wordwrap

       An option is disabled when it´s given like this:

           --wordwrap

       Some options take arguments. Arguments are given like this:

           -lmargin 5

       The following global options may be specified on the command line:

       •   asis
           Characters  with  codes  above  127  will be sent to the terminal as-is, instead of as
           inverse of the corresponding character below 128. If this does not  work,  check  your
           terminal server. This option has no effect if UTF-8 encoding is used.

       •   assume_256color
           Assume  ANSI-like  terminal emulator supports 256 colors even if termcap entry says it
           doesn´t.

       •   assume_color
           Assume ANSI-like terminal emulator supports  color  even  if  termcap  entry  says  it
           doesn´t.

       •   text_color color
           Set color for text.

       •   status_color color
           Set color for status bar.

       •   help_color color
           Set color for help.

       •   menu_color color
           Set color for menus.

       •   prompt_color color
           Set color for prompts.

       •   msg_color color
           Set color for messages.

       •   autoswap
           Automatically  swap  ^K  B  with  ^K K if necessary to mark a legal block during block
           copy/move commands.

       •   backpath path
           Sets path to a directory where all backup files are to be stored.  If  this  is  unset
           (the default) backup files are stored in the directory containing the file.

       •   baud nnn
           Set  the  baud  rate for the purposes of terminal screen optimization (overrides value
           reported by stty). JOE inserts delays for baud rates below 19200, which  bypasses  tty
           buffering  so that typeahead will interrupt the screen output. Scrolling commands will
           not be used for 38400 baud and above. This is useful for  X-terms  and  other  console
           ttys which really aren´t going over a serial line.

       •   beep
           Enable  beeps  when edit commands return errors, for example when the cursor goes past
           extremes.

       •   break_links
           When enabled, JOE first  deletes  the  file  before  writing  it  in  order  to  break
           hard-links and symbolic-links.

       •   break_hardlinks
           When  enabled, and the file is not a symbolic links, JOE first deletes the file before
           writing it in order to break hard-links.

       •   brpaste
           When JOE starts, send command to the terminal emulator that enables  "bracketed  paste
           mode"  (but  only  if  the terminal seems to have the ANSI command set). In this mode,
           text pasted into the window is bracketed with ESC [ 2 0 0 ~ and ESC [ 2 0 1 ~.

       •   columns nnn
           Set number of columns in terminal emulator (in case termcap entry is wrong).  This  is
           only useful on old system which don´t have the "get window size" ioctl.

       •   csmode
           Enable  continued  search  mode: Successive ^K Fs repeat the current search instead of
           prompting for a new one.

       •   dopadding
           Enable JOE to send padding NULs to the terminal (for very old terminals).

       •   exask
           When set, ^K X prompts for a new name before saving the file.

       •   floatmouse
           When set, mouse clicks can position the cursor beyond the ends of lines.

       •   guess_crlf
           When set, JOE tries to guess the file format MS-DOS or UNIX.

       •   guess_indent
           When set, JOE tries to guess the indentation character and indentation step  based  on
           the  contents  of the file. The algorithm is to find the greatest common factor of the
           three most common indentations found in the file.

       •   guess_non_utf8
           When set, enable guessing of non-UTF-8 files in UTF-8 locales.

       •   guess_utf8
           When set, enable guessing of UTF-8 files in non-UTF-8 locales.

       •   guess_utf16
           When set, enable guessing of UTF-16 files. If a UTF-16BE or UTF-16LE file is detected,
           it is converted to UTF-8 during load, and converted back to UTF-16 during save.

       •   helpon
           When set, start off with the on-line help enabled.

       •   help_is_utf8
           When set, the help text in the joerc file is assumed to be UTF-8.

       •   icase
           Search is case insensitive by default when set.

       •   joe_state
           Enable reading and writing of ~/.joe_state file

       •   joexterm
           Set this if xterm was configured with --paste64 option for better mouse support.

       •   keepup
           The column number on the status line is updated constantly when this is set, otherwise
           it is updated only once a second.

       •   language language
           Sets language for aspell.

       •   lightoff
           Automatically turn off ^K B ^K K highlighting after a block operation.

       •   lines nnn
           Set number of lines in terminal emulator (in case termcap entry  is  wrong).  This  is
           only useful on old system which don´t have the "get window size" ioctl.

       •   marking
           Enable marking mode: highlights between ^K B and cursor.

       •   menu_above
           Put menus above prompt instead of below them.

       •   menu_explorer
           Stay  in  menu  when  a directory is selected (otherwise the directory is added to the
           path and the cursor jumps back to the prompt).

       •   menu_jump
           Jump into the file selection menu when Tab Tab is hit.

       •   mid
           If this option is set and the cursor moves off the window, the window will be scrolled
           so  that  the  cursor  is in the center. This option is forced on slow terminals which
           don´t have scrolling commands.

       •   left nn
           This sets the number of columns the screen scrolls to the left when cursor moves  past
           the  left  edge or when the crawll command is issued. If nn is negative, then it´s the
           fraction of the screen to scroll. For example, -2 means scroll 1/2 the screen.

       •   right nn
           This sets the number of columns the screen scrolls to the right when cursor moves past
           the  right edge or when the crawlr command is issued. If nn is negative, then it´s the
           fraction of the screen to scroll. For example, -3 means scroll 1/3 the screen.

       •   mouse
           Enable xterm mouse support.

       •   nobackups
           Disable backup files.

       •   nocurdir
           Disable current-directory prefix in prompts.

       •   noexmsg
           Disable exiting message ("File not changed so no update needed")

       •   nolinefeeds
           Disable  sending  linefeeds  to  preserve  screen  history  in   terminal   emulator´s
           scroll-back buffer (only relevant when notite mode is enabled).

       •   nolocks
           Disable EMACS compatible file locks.

       •   nomodcheck
           Disable periodic file modification check.

       •   nonotice
           This option prevents the copyright notice from being displayed when the editor starts.

       •   nosta
           This  option  eliminates the top-most status line. It´s nice for when you only want to
           see your text on the screen or if you´re using a vt52.

       •   notagsmenu
           Disable selection menu for tags search with multiple results.

       •   notite
           Disable ti and te termcap sequences which are usually set up to save and  restore  the
           terminal screen contents when JOE starts and exits.

       •   pastehack
           If  keyboard  input  comes  in  as  one  block  assume  it´s a mouse paste and disable
           autoindent and wordwrap.

       •   noxon
           Disable ^S and ^Q flow control, possibly allowing ^S and ^Q to be used as editor keys.

       •   orphan
           Orphan extra files given on the command line instead of creating windows for them (the
           files are loaded, but you need to use switch-buffer commands to access them).

       •   pg nnn
           Set number of lines to keep during Page Up and Page Down (use -1 for 1/2 window size).

       •   regex
           Use  standard  regular  expression syntax by default, instead of the JOE syntax (where
           special characters have their meaning only when preceded with backslash).

       •   restore
           Set to have cursor positions restored to last positions of previously edited files.

       •   rtbutton
           Swap left and right mouse buttons.

       •   search_prompting
           Show previous search string in search command (like in PICO).

       •   skiptop nnn
           When set to N, the first N lines of the terminal screen are not used by  JOE  and  are
           instead  left with their original contents. This is useful for programs which call JOE
           to leave a message for the user.

       •   square
           Enable rectangular block mode.

       •   transpose
           Transpose rows with columns in all menus.

       •   title
           Display context (titles) in status line.  When enabled this shows the  first  line  of
           the  function  that  the cursor is in on the status line.  The syntax file context.jsf
           identifies which lines are title lines.

       •   type
           Select file type, overriding the automatically determined type.  The  file  types  are
           defined in the ftyperc file.

       •   undo_keep nnn
           Sets number of undo records to keep (0 means infinite).

       •   usetabs
           Set to allow rectangular block operations to use tabs.

       •   wrap
           Enable search to wrap to beginning of file.

       The following local options may be specified on the command line:

       •   +nnn
           The cursor starts on the specified line.

       •   autoindent
           Enable  auto-indent  mode.  When you hit Enter on an indented line, the indentation is
           duplicated onto the new line.

       •   c_comment
           Enable ^G skipping of C-style comments /.../

       •   cpara characters
           Sets list of characters which can indent paragraphs.

       •   cnotpara characters
           Sets list of characters which begin lines which are definitely not part of paragraphs.

       •   cpp_comment
           Enable ^G skipping of C++-style comments // ...

       •   crlf
           JOE uses CR-LF as the end of line sequence instead of just LF.  This  is  for  editing
           MS-DOS or VMS files.

       •   encoding encoding
           Set file encoding (like utf-8 or 8859-1).

       •   flowed
           Set to force an extra space after each line of a paragraph but the last.

       •   force
           When  set, a final newline is appended to the file if there isn´t one when the file is
           saved.

       •   french
           When set, only one space is inserted after periods in paragraph reformats  instead  of
           two.

       •   hex
           Enable hex-dump mode.

       •   highlight
           Enable syntax highlighting.

       •   highlighter_context
           Enable  use  of  syntax  file to identify comments and strings which should be skipped
           over during ^G matching.

       •   indentc nnn
           Sets the indentation character for shift left and shift right (^K , and ^K .). Use  32
           for Space, 9 for Tab.

       •   indentfirst
           When  set, the smart home key jumps to the indentation point first, otherwise it jumps
           to column 1 first.

       •   istep nnn
           Sets indentation step.

       •   linums
           Enable line number display.

       •   lmargin
           Set left margin.

       •   lmsg
           Define left-side status bar message.

       •   overwrite
           Enable overtype mode. Typing  overwrites  existing  characters  instead  of  inserting
           before them.

       •   picture
           Enable "picture" mode- allows cursor to go past ends of lines.

       •   pound_comment
           ^G ignores # ... comments.

       •   purify
           Fix  indentation  if  necessary  before  shifting  or smart backspace. For example, if
           indentation uses a mix of tabs and spaces, and indentc is space, then indentation will
           be converted to all spaces before the shifting operation.

       •   rdonly
           Set read-only mode.

       •   rmargin nnn
           Set right margin.

       •   rmsg string
           Define right-side status bar message.

       •   semi_comment
           ^G ignores ; ... comments.

       •   single_quoted
           ^G ignores ´...´

       •   smartbacks
           Enable  smart  backspace  and  tab.  When this mode is set backspace and tab indent or
           unindent based on the values of the istep and indentc options.

       •   smarthome
           Home key first moves cursor to beginning of line, then if  hit  again,  to  the  first
           non-blank character.

       •   smsg string
           Define status command format when cursor is on a character.

       •   spaces
           Insert spaces when Tab key is hit.

       •   syntax syntax
           Set syntax for syntax highlighting.

       •   tab nnn
           Set tab stop width.

       •   text_delimiters word delimiter list
           Give list of word delimiters which ^G will step through.

       For  example,  "begin=end:if=elif=else=endif" means that ^G will jump between the matching
       if, elif, else and endif.

       •   vhdl_comment
           ^G ignores -- ... comments

       •   wordwrap
           JOE wraps the previous word when you type past the right margin.

       •   zmsg string
           Define status command format when cursor is at end of file.

       •   xmsg string
           Define startup message (usually the copyright notice).

       •   aborthint string
           Give the key sequence to show in prompts for abort (usually ^C).

       •   helphint string
           Give the key sequence to show in prompts for help (usually ^K H).

   Colors and attributes
       Combine attributes and up to one foreground color  and  one  background  color  to  create
       arguments for color options like text_color. For example: bold+bg_green+blue

       •   Attributes: bold, inverse, blink, dim, underline, and italic

       •   Foreground colors: white, cyan, magenta, blue, yellow, green, red, or black

       •   Background colors: bg_white, bg_cyan, bg_magenta, bg_blue, bg_yellow, bg_green, bg_red
           or bg_black

       With a 16 color or 256 color terminal emulator (export TERM=xterm-16color), these brighter
       than normal colors become available:

       •   Foreground: WHITE, CYAN, MAGENTA, BLUE, YELLOW, GREEN, RED or BLACK

       •   Background:  bg_WHITE,  bg_CYAN,  bg_MAGENTA,  bg_BLUE, bg_YELLOW, bg_GREEN, bg_RED or
           bg_BLACK

       With a 256 color terminal emulator (export TERM=xterm-256color), these become available:

       •   fg_RGB and bg_RGB, where R, G and B rand from 0 - 5. So: fg_500 is bright red.

       •   fg_NN and bg_NN give shades of grey, where the intensity, NN, ranges from 0 - 23.

   Status line definition strings
       -lmsg defines the left-justified string and -rmsg defines the right-justified string.  The
       first character of -rmsg is the background fill character.

       -smsg  defines  the  status command (^K Space). -zmsg defines it when the cursor is at the
       end of the file. The last character of smsg or zmsg is the fill character.

       The following escape sequences can be used in these strings:

           %t  12 hour time
           %u  24 hour time
           %T  O for overtype mode, I for insert mode
           %W  W if wordwrap is enabled
           %I  A if autoindent is enabled
           %X  Rectangle mode indicator
           %n  File name
           %m  ´(Modified)´ if file has been changed
           %*  ´*´ if file has been changed
           %R  Read-only indicator
           %r  Row (line) number
           %c  Column number
           %o  Byte offset into file
           %O  Byte offset into file in hex
           %a  Ascii value of character under cursor
           %A  Ascii value of character under cursor in hex
           %w  Width of character under cursor
           %p  Percent of file cursor is at
           %l  No. lines in file
           %k  Entered prefix keys
           %S  ´*SHELL*´ if there is a shell running in window
           %M  Macro recording message
           %y  Syntax
           %e  Encoding
           %x  Context (first non-indented line going backwards)
           %dd day
           %dm month
           %dY year
           %Ename%  value of environment variable
           %Tname%  value of option (ON or OFF for Boolean options)

       These formatting escape sequences may also be given:

           \i  Inverse
           \u  Underline
           \b  Bold
           \d  Dim
           \f  Blink
           \l  Italic

Basic Editing

       When you type characters into the editor, they are normally inserted into the  file  being
       edited  (or  appended  to  the  file if the cursor is at the end of the file). This is the
       normal operating mode of the editor. If you want to replace some existing text,  you  have
       to delete the old text before or after you type in the replacement text. The Backspace key
       can be used for deleting text: move the cursor to right after the text you want to  delete
       and hit Backspace a number of times.

       Hit  the Enter or Return key to insert a line-break. For example, if the cursor was in the
       middle of a line and you hit Enter, the line would be split into two lines with the cursor
       appearing at the beginning of the second line. Hit Backspace at the beginning of a line to
       eliminate a line-break.

       Use the arrow keys to move around the file. If your keyboard doesn´t have arrow  keys  (or
       if they don´t work for some reason), use ^F to move forwards (right), ^B to move backwards
       (left), ^P to move to the previous line (up), and ^N to move to the next line (down).  The
       right  and  left  arrow  keys  simply  move  forwards or backwards one character at a time
       through the text: if you´re at the beginning of a line and you press left-arrow, you  will
       end  up  at  the  end  of  the previous line. The up and down arrow keys move forwards and
       backwards by enough characters so that the cursor appears in the same column that  it  was
       in on the original line.

       If  you want to indent the text you enter, you can use the Tab key. This inserts a special
       control character which makes the characters which follow it begin at the next  tab  stop.
       Tab  stops  normally occur every 8 columns, but this can be changed with the ^T D command.
       PASCAL and C programmers often set tab stops on every 4 columns.

       If for some reason your terminal screen gets messed up (for example, if you receive a mail
       notice from biff), you can have the editor refresh the screen by hitting ^R.

       There  are  many other keys for deleting text and moving around the file. For example, hit
       ^D to delete the character the cursor is on instead of deleting backwards like  Backspace.
       ^D  will also delete a line-break if the cursor is at the end of a line. Type ^Y to delete
       the entire line the cursor is on or ^J to delete just from the cursor to the  end  of  the
       line.

       Hit  ^A to move the cursor to the beginning of the line it´s on. Hit ^E to move the cursor
       to the end of the line. Hit ^U or ^V for scrolling the cursor up or down  1/2  a  screen´s
       worth.
       "Scrolling"  means  that  the  text  on the screen moves, but the cursor stays at the same
       place relative to the screen. Hit ^K U or ^K V to move the cursor to the beginning or  the
       end  of  the  file.  Look  at  the help screens in the editor to find even more delete and
       movement commands.

       If you make a mistake, you can hit ^_ to "undo" it. On most keyboards you hit just  ^-  to
       get  ^_,  but  on  some you might have to hold both the Shift and Control keys down at the
       same time to get it. If you "undo"  too  much,  you  can  "redo"  the  changes  back  into
       existence by hitting ^^ (type this with just ^6 on most keyboards).

   Cursor position history
       If  you were editing in one place within the file, and you then temporarily had to look or
       edit some other place within the file, you can get back to the original place  by  hitting
       ^K  -.  This command actually returns you to the last place you made a change in the file.
       You can step through a history of places with ^K - and ^K =, in the same way you can  step
       through the history of changes with the "undo" and "redo" commands.

   Save and exit
       When  you are done editing the file, hit ^K X to exit the editor. You will be prompted for
       a file name if you hadn´t already named the file you were editing.

       When you edit a file, you actually edit only a copy of the file. So if you decide that you
       don´t want the changes you made to a file during a particular edit session, you can hit ^C
       to exit the editor without saving them.

       If you edit a file and save the changes, a backup copy of that  file  is  created  in  the
       current  directory,  with a ~ appended to the name, which contains the original version of
       the file.

   File operations
       You can hit ^K D to save the current file (possibly under a different name from  what  the
       file was called originally). After the file is saved, you can hit ^K E to edit a different
       file.

       If you want to save only a selected section of the file, see the section on Blocks below.

       If you want to include another file in the file you´re editing, use ^K R to insert it.

   Filenames
       Wherever JOE expects you to enter a file name, whether on the command line or  in  prompts
       within the editor, you may also type:

       •   !command

       To read or write data to or from a shell command. For example, use joe ´!ls´ to get a copy
       of  your  directory  listing  to  edit  or  from  within  the  editor  use  ^K   D   !mail
       jhallen@world.std.com to send the file being edited to me.

       •   >>filename

       Use this to have JOE append the edited text to the end of the file "filename."

       •   filename,START,SIZE

       Use  this  to access a fixed section of a file or device. START and SIZE may be entered in
       decimal (ex.: 123) octal (ex.: 0777) or hexadecimal (ex.:  0xFF).  For  example,  use  joe
       /dev/fd0,508,2 to edit bytes 508 and 509 of the first floppy drive in Linux.

       •   -

       Use  this  to get input from the standard input or to write output to the standard output.
       For example, you can put JOE in a pipe of commands: quota -v | joe |  mail  root,  if  you
       want to complain about your low quota.

   Using JOE in a shell script
       JOE  used  to use /dev/tty to access the terminal. This caused a problem with idle-session
       killers (they would kill JOE because the real tty device was not being accessed for a long
       time), so now JOE only uses /dev/tty if you need to pipe a file into JOE, as in:

           echo "hi" | joe

       If you want to use JOE in a shell script which has its stdin/stdout redirected, but you do
       not need to pipe to it, you should simply redirect JOE´s stdin/stdout to /dev/tty:

           joe filename  </dev/tty >/dev/tty

   Word wrap and formatting
       If you type past the right edge of the screen in a C or PASCAL language file,  the  screen
       will  scroll  to  the  right  to follow the cursor. If you type past the right edge of the
       screen in a normal file  (one  whose  name  doesn´t  end  in  .c,  .h  or  .p),  JOE  will
       automatically  wrap  the last word onto the next line so that you don´t have to hit Enter.
       This is called word-wrap mode. Word-wrap can be turned on or off with the  ^T  W  command.
       JOE´s  initialization  file is usually set up so that this mode is automatically turned on
       for all non-program files. See the section below on the joerc  file  to  change  this  and
       other defaults.

       Aside  for  Word-wrap mode, JOE does not automatically keep paragraphs formatted like some
       word-processors. Instead, if you need a paragraph  to  be  reformatted,  hit  ^K  J.  This
       command "fills in" the paragraph that the cursor is in, fitting as many words in a line as
       is possible. A paragraph, in this case, is a block of text separated above and below by  a
       blank line.

       The margins which JOE uses for paragraph formatting and word-wrap can be set with the ^T L
       and ^T R commands. If the left margin is set to a value other than 1, then when you  start
       typing at the beginning of a line, the cursor will immediately jump to the left margin.

       There are a number of options which control the paragraph reformatter and word wrapper:

       •   The  cpara  option  provides  a  list  of characters which can indent a paragraph. For
           example, in e-mail quoted matter is indicated by > at the beginnings of line, so  this
           character should be in the cpara list.

       •   The  cnotpara  option  provides  a  list  of  characters  which, if they are the first
           non-whitespace character of a line, indicate that the line is not to  be  included  as
           part of a paragraph for formatting. For example, lines beginning with ´.´ in nroff can
           not be paragraph lines.

       •   Autoindent mode affects the formatter. If autoindent is disabled, only the first  line
           will be indented. If autoindent is enabled, the entire paragraph is indented.

       •   french determines how many spaces are inserted after periods.

       •   When  flowed  is  enabled,  a  space  is  inserted after each but the last line of the
           paragraph. This indicates that the lines belong together as a single paragraph in some
           programs.

       •   When overtype is enabled, the word wrapper will not insert lines.

   Centering
       If you want to center a line within the margins, use the ^K A command.

   Spell checker
       Hit  Esc N to check the spelling of the word the cursor is on using the aspell program (or
       ispell program if you modify the joerc file). Hit Esc L to check the highlighted block  or
       the entire file if no block is highlighted.

       JOE  passes  the  language  and  character  encoding  to  the spell checker. To change the
       language, hit ^T V. For example, use en_US for English.

   Overtype mode
       Sometimes it´s tiresome to have to delete old text before or after you  insert  new  text.
       This  happens,  for  example,  when  you are changing a table and you want to maintain the
       column position of the right side of the table.
       When this occurs, you can put the editor in overtype mode with ^T T.
       When the editor is in this mode, the characters you type in replace  existing  characters,
       in  the  way  an  idealized typewriter would. Also, Backspace simply moves left instead of
       deleting the character to the left, when it´s not at the  end  or  beginning  of  a  line.
       Overtype mode is not the natural way of dealing with text electronically, so you should go
       back to insert-mode as soon as possible by typing ^T T again.

       If you need to insert while you´re in overtype mode, hit ^@. This inserts a  single  Space
       into the text.

   Control and Meta characters
       Each  character  is represented by a number. For example, the number for ´A´ is 65 and the
       number for ´1´ is 49. All of the characters which you normally see  have  numbers  in  the
       range  of 32 - 126 (this particular arbitrary assignment between characters and numbers is
       called the ASCII character set). The numbers outside of this range, from 0 to 255,  aren´t
       usually  displayed, but sometimes have other special meanings. The number 10, for example,
       is used for the line-breaks. You can enter these special, non-displayed control characters
       by  first hitting ^Q and then hitting a character in the range @ A B C ... X Y Z [ ^ ] \ _
       to get the number 0 - 31, and ? to get 127. For example, if you hit ^Q J, you´ll insert  a
       line-break  character,  or  if you hit ^Q I, you´ll insert a Tab character (which does the
       same thing the Tab key does). A useful control character to enter  is  12  (^Q  L),  which
       causes  most  printers  to advance to the top of the page. You´ll notice that JOE displays
       this character as an underlined L. You can  enter  the  characters  above  127,  the  meta
       characters,  by  first  hitting ^\. This adds 128 to the next (possibly control) character
       entered. JOE displays characters above 128 in inverse-video. Some foreign languages, which
       have  more  letters  than English, use the meta characters for the rest of their alphabet.
       You have to put the editor in asis mode to have these passed untranslated to the terminal.

       Note: JOE now normally passes all 8-bits to the terminal unless the locale is set to C  or
       POSIX.  If  the locale is C or POSIX, then the asis flag determines if meta characters are
       shown in inverse video or passed directly to the terminal.

       Note: In older version of JOE, you had to use Esc ´ to enter control characters.

Character sets and UTF-8

       JOE  natively  handles  two  classes  of  character  sets:  UTF-8  and  byte  coded  (like
       ISO-8859-1).  For  these  character  sets,  the  file  is loaded as-is into memory, and is
       exactly preserved during save, even if it contains UTF-8 coding errors.

       It can not yet natively handle other major classes such as UTF-16  or  GB2312.  There  are
       other  restrictions:  character  sets  must  use  LF (0x0A) or CR-LF (0x0D - 0x0A) as line
       terminators, space must be 0x20 and tab must be 0x09. Basically, the files must be UNIX or
       MS-DOS compatible text files.

       This means EBCDIC will not work properly (but you would need to handle fixed record length
       lines anyway) and character sets which use CR terminated lines (MACs) will not yet work.

       JOE now supports UTF-16 (both big  endian  and  little  endian).  It  supports  UTF-16  by
       converting to UTF-8 during load, and converting back to UTF-16 during save.

       The  terminal  and  the  file can have different encodings. JOE will translate between the
       two. Currently, one of the two must be UTF-8 for translation to work.

       The character set for the terminal and the default character  set  assumed  for  files  is
       determined  by the ´LC_ALL´ environment variable (and if that´s not set, LC_CTYPE and LANG
       are also checked).

       For example, if LC_ALL is set to:

           de_DE

       Then the character set will be ISO-8859-1.

       If LC_ALL is set to:

           de_DE.UTF-8

       The character set will be UTF-8.

       Hit ^T E to change the coding for the file. Hit Tab Tab at this prompt to get  a  list  of
       available  codings.  There  are  a number of built-in character sets, plus you can install
       character sets in the ~/.joe/charmaps and /usr/share/joe/charmaps directories.

       Check: /usr/share/i18n/charmaps for  example  character  set  files.  Only  byte  oriented
       character  sets  will work. Also, the file should not be gzipped (all of the charmap files
       in /usr/share/i18n/charmaps on my computer were compressed). The parser is  very  bad,  so
       basically the file has to look exactly like the example one in /usr/share/joe/charmaps.

       You can hit ^K Space to see the current character set.

       You can hit ^Q x to enter a Unicode character if the file coding is UTF-8.

Prompts

       Most  prompts  record  a  history  of the responses you give them. You can hit up and down
       arrow to step through these histories.

       Prompts are actually single line windows with no status line, so you can use  any  editing
       command  that  you normally use on text within the prompts. The prompt history is actually
       just other lines of the same "prompt file". Thus you can can search backwards  though  the
       prompt history with the normal ^K F command if you want.

       Since prompts are windows, you can also switch out of them with ^K P and ^K N.

   Completion and selection menus
       You  can  hit  Tab  in  just  about any prompt to request JOE to complete the word you are
       typing. If JOE beeps, there are either no completions or many. As with the  "bash"  shell,
       hit  Tab  twice to bring up a list of all the possibilities. This list is actually a menu,
       but by default, the cursor does not jump into it since it is usually easier to  just  type
       in your selection. You can, however, jump into the menu window with ^K P (move to previous
       window) and use the arrow keys and <Enter> to make your selection. Also in a menu, you can
       hit  the  first  letter of any of the items to make the cursor jump directly to it. The ^T
       option menu works like this.

       If the menu is too large to fit in the window, you can hit Page Up and Page Down to scroll
       it (even if you have not jumped into it).

       Tab completion works in the search and replace prompts as well. In this case, JOE tries to
       complete the word based on the contents of the buffer. If you  need  search  for  the  Tab
       character itself, you can enter it with ^Q Tab.

       Also,  you  can hit Esc Enter in a text window to request JOE to complete the word you are
       typing. As with the search prompt, JOE tries to complete the word based on the contents of
       the buffer. It will bring up a menu of possibilities if you hit Esc Enter twice.

Where am I?

       Hit  ^K  Space  to  have JOE report the line number, column number, and byte number on the
       last line of the screen. The number associated with the character the cursor  is  on  (its
       ASCII  code)  is  also  shown.  You  can  have the line number and/or column number always
       displayed on the status line by placing the appropriate escape  sequences  in  the  status
       line setup strings. Edit the joerc file for details.

What if I hit <strong>^K</strong> by accident?

       Hit  the space bar. This runs an innocuous command (it shows the line number on the status
       bar).

Temporarily suspending the editor

       If you need to temporarily stop the editor and go back to the shell, hit ^K Z.  You  might
       want  to do this to stop whatever you´re editing and answer an e-mail message or read this
       man page, for example. You have to type fg or exit (you´ll be told which when you  hit  ^K
       Z) to return to the editor.

Searching for text

       Hit  ^K F to have the editor search forwards or backwards for a text fragment (string) for
       you. You will be prompted for the text to  search  for.  After  you  hit  Enter,  you  are
       prompted to enter options.
       You  can just hit Enter again to have the editor immediately search forwards for the text,
       or you can enter one or more of these options:

       •   b

       Search backwards instead of forwards.

       •   i

       Treat uppercase and lower case letters as the same when searching. Normally uppercase  and
       lowercase letters are considered to be different.

       •   nnn

       (where  nnn is a number) If you enter a number, JOE searches for the Nth occurrence of the
       text. This is useful for going to specific places in  files  structured  in  some  regular
       manner.

       •   r

       Replace text. If you enter the r option, then you will be further prompted for replacement
       text. Each time the editor finds the search text, you will be prompted as to  whether  you
       want to replace the found search text with the replacement text. You hit: y to replace the
       text and then find the next occurrence, n to not replace this text, but to then  find  the
       next  occurrence,  r to replace all of the remaining occurrences of the search text in the
       remainder of the file without asking for confirmation (subject to the nnn  option  above),
       or ^C to stop searching and replacing.

       You  can  also  hit B or Backspace to back up to the previously found text (if it had been
       replaced, the replacement is undone).

       •   a

       The search covers all loaded buffers. So to replace all instances of "foo" with  "bar"  in
       all .c files in the current directory:

           joe *.c
              ^K F
                  foo <Enter>
                  ra <Enter>
                  bar <Enter>

       •   e

       The  search covers all files in the grep or make error list. You can use a UNIX command to
       generate a list of files and search and replace  through  the  list.  So  to  replace  all
       instances  of  "foo"  with "bar" in all .c files which begin with f. You can also use "ls"
       and "find" instead of grep to create the file list.

           Esc G
             grep -n foo f*.c <Enter>
           ^K F
                  foo <Enter>
              re <Enter>
              bar <Enter>

       •   x

       JOE will use the standard syntax for regular expressions if this option is given.  In  the
       standard syntax, these characters have their special meanings directly, and do not have to
       be escaped with backslash: ., *, +, ?, {, }, (, ), |, ^, $ and [.

       •   y

       JOE will use the JOE syntax for regular expressions instead of the standard  syntax.  This
       overrides the "-regex" option.

       •   v

       JOE  will  send debug information about the regular expression to the startup log. The log
       can be viewed with the showlog command.

       You can hit ^L to repeat the previous search.

       You can hit ^K H at the search and replace options prompt to bring up a list of all search
       and replace options.

   Regular Expressions
       A number of special character sequences may be entered as search text:

       •   \*

       This  finds  zero  or  more of the item to the left. For example, if you give AB\*C as the
       search text, JOE will try to find an A followed by any number of Bs, and then a C.

       •   \+

       This finds one or more of the item to the left. For example, if  you  give  AB\+C  as  the
       search text, JOE will try to find an A followed by one or more Bs, and then a C.

       •   \?

       This  indicates  that  the item to the left is optional. For example, if you give AB\?C as
       the search text, JOE will find AC or ABC.

       •   \{min,max}

       This indicates that JOE should try to find a string with a specific number of  occurrences
       of  the  item  to  the left. For example, AX\{2,5}B will match these strings: AXXB, AXXXB,
       AXXXXB, and AXXXXXB. Min can be left out to indicate 0 occurrences. Max  (and  the  comma)
       can be left out to indicate any number of occurrences.

       •   \.

       This  finds  exactly  one character. For example, if you give A\.B as the search text, JOE
       will find AXB, but not AB or AXXB.

       •   \!

       This works like ., but matches a balanced  C-language  expression.  For  example,  if  you
       search  for  malloc(\!\*),  then JOE will find all function calls to malloc, even if there
       was a ) within the parenthesis.

       •   \|

       This finds the item on the left or the item on the right. For example, if you give A\|B as
       the search text, JOE will try to find either an A or a B.

       •   \( \)

       Use these to group characters together. For example, if you search for \(foo\)\+, then JOE
       will find strings like "foo", and "foofoofoo".

       •   ^ \$

       These match the beginnings and endings of lines. For example, if you  give  ^test\$,  then
       JOE with find test on a line by itself.

       •   \\\

       These  match the beginnings and endings of words. For example, if you give \is\\, then JOE
       will find the word "is" but will not find the "is" in "this".

       •   \[...]

       This matches any single character which appears  within  the  brackets.  For  example,  if
       \[Tt]his  is  entered  as  the search string, then JOE finds both This and this. Ranges of
       characters can be entered within the brackets. For example,  \[A-Z]  finds  any  uppercase
       letter.  If  the  first  character  given in the brackets is ^, then JOE tries to find any
       character not given in the the brackets. To include - itself, include it as  the  last  or
       first character (possibly after ^).

       •   \\

       Matches a single \.

       •   \n

       This finds the special end-of-line or line-break character.

       A number of special character sequences may also be given in the replacement string:

       •   \&

       This gets replaced by the text which matched the search string. For example, if the search
       string was \\*\\, which matches words, and you give "\&", then JOE will  put  quote  marks
       around words.

       •   \1 - \9

       These  get  replaced with the text which matched the Nth grouping; the text within the Nth
       set of \( \).

       •   \l, \u

       Convert the next character of the replacement text to lowercase or uppercase.

       •   \L, \U

       Convert all following replacement text to lowercase or uppercase. Conversion stops when \E
       is encountered.

       •   \\

       Use this if you need to put a \ in the replacement string.

       •   \n

       Use this if you need to put a line-break in the replacement string.

       Some examples:

       Suppose  you  have  a  list  of  addresses,  each  on  a  separate line, which starts with
       "Address:" and has each element separated by commas. Like so:

       Address: S. Holmes, 221b Baker St., London, England

       If you wanted to rearrange the list, to get the country first, then  the  city,  then  the
       person´s name, and then the address, you could do this:

       Type ^K F to start the search, and type:

       Address:\(\.\*\),\(\.\*\),\(\.\*\),\(\.\*\)\$

       to match "Address:", the four comma-separated elements, and then the end of the line. When
       asked for options, you would type r to replace the string, and then type:

       Address:\4,\3,\1,\2

       To shuffle the information the way you want it. After hitting  return,  the  search  would
       begin, and the sample line would be changed to:

       Address: England, London, S. Holmes, 221b Baker St.

   Escape sequences
       JOE understands the following escape sequences withing search and replacement strings:

       •   \x{10ffff}

       This matches a specific Unicode code point given in hexadecimal.

       •   \xFF

       This matches a specific character specified in hexadecimal.

       •   \377

       This matches a specific character specified in octal.

       •   \p{Ll}

       This matches any character in the named Unicode category or block.

       The block names, such as "Latin-1 Supplement" or "Arabic" can be found here:

       Unicode Blocks ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/Blocks.txt

       The category names such as "Ll" can be found here:

       Unicode Categories ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/5.1.0/ucd/UCD.html#General_Category_Values

       Note  that a single letter matches all of the category names which start with that letter.
       For example, \p{N} (any number) include \p{Nd} (decimal digit), \p{Nl} (letter number) and
       \p{No} (other number).

       •   \d

       This matches any Unicode digit. This is the same as \p{Nd}.

       •   \D

       This matches anything except for a Unicode digit. This is the same as \[^\p{Nd}].

       •   \w

       This matches any word character. This is the same as \[^\p{C}\p{P}\p{Z}].

       •   \W

       This matches anything except for a word character. This is the same as \[\p{C}\p{P}\p{Z}].

       •   \s

       This matches any space character. This is the same as \[\t\r\f\n\p{Z}].

       •   \S

       This   matches   anything   except   for   a  spacing  character.  This  is  the  same  as
       \[^\t\r\f\n\p{Z}].

       •   \i

       This matches an identifier start character. This is the same as \[\p{L}\p{Pc}\p{Nl}].

       •   \I

       This matches anything except for an identifier  start  character.  This  is  the  same  as
       \[^\p{L}\p{Pc}\p{Nl}].

       •   \c

       This   matches   an   identifier   continuation   character.   This   is   the   same   as
       \[\i\p{Mn}\p{Mc}\p{Nd}\x{200c}\x{200d}].

       •   \C

       This matches anything except for an identifier continuation character. This is the same as
       \[^\i\p{Mn}\p{Mc}\p{Nd}\x{200c}\x{200d}].

       •   \t Tab

       •   \n Newline

       •   \r Carriage return

       •   \b Backspace

       •   \a Alert

       •   \f Formfeed

       •   \e Escape

       •   \\ Backslash

Incremental search

       Use  Esc  S to start an increment search forwards, or Esc R to start an incremental search
       backwards. As you type the search string, the cursor will jump  to  the  first  text  that
       matches the regular expression you have entered so far.

       Hit  Esc  S  or  Esc  R  again  to  find  the next occurrence of the text or to switch the
       direction of the search.

       ^S, ^\ and ^L have the same effect as Esc S. ^R has the same effect as Esc R.  These  keys
       are to support JMACS.

       Hit  Backspace  to  undo  the  last  incremental search action. The last action could be a
       repeat of a previous search or the entering of a new character.

       Use ^Q to insert control characters into the search text. Previously, ` could also be used
       for this.

       Hit any other key to exit the increment search.

Goto matching delimiter

       Hit  ^G to jump between matching delimiters. This works on both character delimiters (like
       ´(´ and ´)´) and word delimiters for languages like Pascal and Verilog which  use  "begin"
       and  "end"  to  delimit blocks. It also works for matching start and end tags in XML. If a
       word is not known, ^G starts a search with the word moved into the search prompt.

       For ^G to work on word delimiters, the cursor must be positioned on the  first  letter  of
       the  word. So in XML, if the cursor is on the < in <foo>, it will jump to the >. But if it
       is one the ´f´, it will jump to the matching </foo>. Likewise, in C, ^G will jump  between
       #if, #else and #endif, but you need to position the cursor on the letter, not the ´#´.

       ^G is smart enough to skip delimiters found in quoted or commented-out matter. You need to
       tell JOE how your language indicates this: see the ftyperc file for examples of  how  this
       is done.

       The  are a number of options which control the behavior of ^G. These options control which
       kinds of comments ^G can skip over:

       •   c_comment

       •   cpp_comment

       •   pount_comment

       •   semi_comment

       •   vhdl_comment

       These options determine which kinds of strings ^G can skip over:

       •   single_quoted

       •   double_quoted

       This option allows an annotated syntax file to determine which  text  can  be  counted  as
       comments or strings which can be skipped over by ^G:

       •   highlighter_context

       This  option enables the use of syntax files to identify comments and strings which should
       be skipped over during ^G matching. The syntax file states should be  annotated  with  the
       string and comment keywords for this to work.

       •   text_delimiters

       This   option   provides   a   list   of   word   delimiters   to   match.   For  example,
       "begin=end:if=elif=else=endif" means that ^G will jump between the matching if, elif, else
       and endif. It will also jump between begin and end.

       ^G has a built-in table for matching character delimiters- it knows that ( goes with ).

       ^G has a built-in parser to handle start/end tag matching for XML.

Regions

       If  you  want to move, copy, save or delete a specific section of text, you can do it with
       highlighted blocks. First, move the cursor to the start of the section of text you want to
       work  on,  and press ^K B. Then move the cursor to the character just after the end of the
       text you want to affect and press ^K K. The text between the ^K B and ^K K  should  become
       highlighted.  Now you can move your cursor to someplace else in your document and press ^K
       M to move the highlighted text there.
       You can press ^K C to make a copy of the highlighted text  and  insert  it  to  where  the
       cursor  is  positioned. ^K Y to deletes the highlighted text. ^K W, writes the highlighted
       text to a file.

       A very useful command is ^K /, which filters a block of text through a UNIX  command.  For
       example,  if  you  select a list of words with ^K B and ^K K, and then type ^K / sort, the
       list of words will be sorted. Another useful UNIX command for ^K /, is tr. If you type  ^K
       /  tr  a-z  A-Z,  then  all  of  the letters in the highlighted block will be converted to
       uppercase.

   How do I deselect a highlighted region?
       After you are finished with some region operations, you can just leave the highlighting on
       if you don´t mind it (but don´t accidentally hit ^K Y). If it really bothers you, however,
       just hit ^K B ^K K, to turn the highlighting off.

       Beginning with JOE 4.2, you can hit ^C to cancel the region selection.

   New ways of selecting regions
       The classic way is to hit ^K B at the beginning and ^K K at the end.  These  set  pointers
       called  markb  and  markk. Once these are set you can jump to markb with Esc B and jump to
       markk with Esc K.

       New way: hit Ctrl-Right Arrow to start selecting rightward. Each time you  hit  Ctrl-Right
       Arrow,  the  block  is  extended  one  more  to  the  right.  This  uses  a  simple macro:
       "begin_marking,rtarw,toggle_marking".

       Unfortunately, there is no standard way to get  the  keysequence  given  by  the  terminal
       emulator  when  you  hit  Ctrl-Right  Arrow.  Instead  you have to determine this sequence
       yourself and enter it directly in the joerc file. Some examples are given  for  Xterm  and
       gnome-terminal.  Hit  ^Q  Ctrl-Right  Arrow  within JOE to have the sequence shown on your
       screen. Note that Putty uses Esc Esc [ C which will not appear with ^Q Right  Arrow  (also
       Esc Esc is the set bookmark command, so you need to unbind it to do this in Putty).

       Also  you  can  hit  Ctrl-Delete to cut and Ctrl-Insert to paste if the sequence for these
       keys are known.

       The mouse can also be used to select text if mouse support is enabled in JOE.

Indenting program blocks

       Auto-indent mode is toggled with the ^T I command. The joerc file is normally  set  up  so
       that  files  with  names  ending  with  .p,  .c  or .h have auto-indent mode enabled. When
       auto-indent mode is enabled and you hit Enter, the cursor  will  be  placed  in  the  same
       column that the first non-whitespace character was on in the original line.

       You  can  use the ^K , and ^K . commands to shift a block of text to the left or right. If
       no highlighting is set when you give these commands, the program block  (as  indicated  by
       indentation)  that  the  cursor  is  located  in  will  be  selected, and will be moved by
       subsequent ^K , and ^K . commands.

       The number of columns these commands shift by and the character used for shifting  can  be
       set  through  the  istep  and indentc options. These options are available in the ^T menu.
       Also, ^T = can be used to quickly select from a number of common  values  for  indentation
       step and character.

       JOE has a number of additional options related to indenting programs:

       •   smartbacks
           Enable  smart  backspace  and  tab.  When this mode is set Backspace and Tab indent or
           unindent based on the values of the istep and indentc options.

       •   smarthome
           The Home and ^A keys first move the cursor to the beginning of the line, then  if  hit
           again, to the first non-blank character.

       •   indentfirst
           Smart  home goes to first non-blank character first, instead of going to the beginning
           of the line first.

       •   purify
           Fix indentation if necessary before shifting  or  smart  backspace.  For  example,  if
           indentation uses a mix of tabs and spaces, and indentc is space, then indentation will
           be converted to all spaces before the shifting operation.

       •   guess_indent
           When set, JOE tries to guess the indentation character and indentation step  based  on
           the  contents  of the file. The algorithm is to find the greatest common factor of the
           three most common indentations found in the file.

Rectangle mode

       Type ^T X to have ^K B and ^K  K  select  rectangular  blocks  instead  of  stream-of-text
       blocks.  This  is  also  known  as columnar mode. This mode is useful for moving, copying,
       deleting or saving columns of text. You can also filter columns of  text  with  the  ^K  /
       command-  if you want to sort a column, for example. The insert file command, ^K R is also
       affected.

       When rectangle mode is selected, overtype mode is also useful (^T T). When  overtype  mode
       is  selected, rectangles will replace existing text instead of getting inserted before it.
       Also the delete block command (^K Y) will clear the selected  rectangle  with  Spaces  and
       Tabs  instead  of  deleting  it.  Overtype  mode is especially useful for the filter block
       command (^K /), since it will maintain the original width of the selected column.

Picture mode

       Use ^T P to enter or exit picture mode. Picture mode helps with ASCII drawings.

       Picture mode controls how JOE handles the case where the cursor is past the ends of lines.
       This  happens  when you use the up or down arrow keys to move the cursor from the end of a
       long line to a short line.

       If you attempt to type a character in this case:

       If picture mode is off, the cursor will jump to the end of the line and insert it there.

       If picture mode is on, the line is filled  with  spaces  so  that  the  character  can  be
       inserted at the cursor position.

Windows

       You  can  edit more than one file at the same time or edit two or more different places of
       the same file. To do this, hit ^K O, to split the screen into two windows. Use ^K P or  ^K
       N  to move the cursor into the top window or the lower window. Use ^K E to edit a new file
       in one of the windows. A window will go away when you save the file with ^K X or abort the
       file  with  ^C.  If  you  abort a file which exists in two windows, one of the window goes
       away, not the file.

       You can hit ^K O within a window to create even more windows. If you have too many windows
       on the screen, but you don´t want to eliminate them, you can hit ^K I. This will show only
       the window the cursor is in, or if there was only one window on the screen to begin  with,
       try to fit all hidden windows on the screen. If there are more windows than can fit on the
       screen, you can hit ^K N on the bottom-most window or ^K P on the top-most window  to  get
       to them.

       If  you  gave more than one file name to JOE on the command line, each file will be placed
       in a different window.

       You can change the height of the windows with the ^K G and ^K T commands.

   Windowing system model
       JOE has an unusual model for its windowing system. Basically you have a ring  of  windows,
       but only a section of this ring may fit on the screen. The windows not on the screen still
       exist, they are just scrolled off. When you hit ^K N on the bottom window of  the  screen,
       it  scrolls further windows from the ring onto the screen, possibly letting the top window
       scroll out of view.

       Native JOE tries to keep each loaded buffer in a window, so users  can  find  all  of  the
       buffers  by  scrolling  through the windows. The explode command (^K I) either expands all
       windows to the size of the screen so that only one  window  can  fit  on  the  screen,  or
       shrinks them all as much as possible to fit many on the screen.

       On  the other hand, JOE supports "orphan" buffers- files loaded into the editor, but which
       are not in a window. ^C normally closes a window and discards the buffer that was  in  it.
       If  you hit ^C on the last remaining window, it will normally exit the editor. However, if
       there are orphan buffers, ^C will instead load them into this final window to give  you  a
       chance  to  explicitly discard them. If the orphan option is given on the command line, as
       in joe -orphan *.c, then JOE only loads the first file into a window and  leaves  all  the
       rest as orphans.

       orphan also controls whether the edit command ^K E creates a new window for a newly loaded
       file, or reuses the current window (orphaning its previous occupant).

       The bufed command prompts for a name of a buffer to switch into a window.  Its  completion
       list  will  show all buffers, including orphans and buffers which appear in other windows.
       Esc V and Esc U (nbuf and pbuf commands) allow you to cycle through all buffers  within  a
       single window.

       Windows  maintain  a stack of occupants to support the pop-up shell window feature. When a
       pop-up window is dismissed, the previous buffer is returned to the window.

Scratch buffers

       Scratch buffers are buffers which JOE does not worry about trying to  preserve.  JOE  will
       not  ask  to  save  modified  scratch  buffers.  Pop-up shell windows, the startup log and
       compile and grep message windows are scratch buffers. You  can  create  your  own  scratch
       buffer with the scratch command.

       The following commands load scratch buffers:

       •   showlog Show startup log

       •   mwind Show message window (compile / grep messages from Esc C and Esc G commands).

Keyboard macros

       Macros  allow  you  to record a series of keystrokes and replay them with the press of two
       keys. This is useful to automate repetitive tasks. To start a macro recording,  hit  ^K  [
       followed  by  a  number  from 0 to 9. The status line will display (Macro n recording...).
       Now, type in the series of keystrokes that you want to be able to repeat. The commands you
       type  will have their usual effects. Hit ^K ] to stop recording the macro. Hit ^K followed
       by the number you recorded the macro in to execute one iteration of the key-strokes.

       For example, if you want to put "**" in front of a number of lines, you can type:

       ^K [ 0 ^A **down arrow\ ^K ]

       Which starts the macro recording, moves the cursor to the beginning of the  line,  inserts
       "**",  moves  the cursor down one line, and then ends the recording. Since we included the
       key-strokes needed to position the cursor on the next line, we  can  repeatedly  use  this
       macro  without  having  to  move the cursor ourselves, something you should always keep in
       mind when recording a macro.

   Keyboard macro subroutines
       If you find that the macro you are recording itself has a repeated set of  key-strokes  in
       it,  you can record a macro within the macro, as long as you use a different macro number.
       Also you can execute previously recorded macros from within new macros.

   Query suspend
       If your macro includes a prompt for user input, and you want  the  user  to  fill  in  the
       prompt  every  time  the  macro  is executed, hit ^K ? at the point in the macro recording
       where the user action is required. Keyboard input will not be recorded at this point. When
       the user completes the prompt, macro recording will continue.

       When  the  macro  is  executed,  the  macro  player will pause at the point where ^K ? was
       entered to allow user input. When the user completes the prompt, the player continues with
       the rest of the macro.

   Repeat
       You can use the repeat command, ^K \, to repeat a macro, or any other edit command or even
       a normal character, a specified number of times. Hit ^K \, type in the number of times you
       want  the  command  repeated  and  press Enter. The next edit command you now give will be
       repeated that many times. For example, to delete the next 20 lines of text, type:

       ^K \ 20return^Y

Macros and commands

       A macro is a comma separated list of commands. When the macro is executed, each command is
       executed  until  either  the  end  of  the  list  is reached, or one of the commands fails
       (non-zero return value from the command). Failed commands beep if you have  beeps  enabled
       (^T B).

       Hit  Esc  D  to insert the current set of keyboard macros as text into the current buffer.
       For example, the "**" insert macro above looks like this:

           home,"**",dnarw ^K 0    Macro 0

       You could insert this into your .joerc file and change the  key  sequence  (the  K  0)  to
       something more permanent.

   Define your own
       You  can  bind  macros to key sequences or define your own named macros in the joerc file.
       For example, this will define a macro called foo:

           :def foo eof,bol

       foo will position the cursor at the beginning of the last line of the file. eof  jumps  to
       the  end  of  the  file. bol jumps to the beginning of a line. Once a macro has been named
       this way it will show up in the completion list of the Esc X command prompt.

   Command prompt
       You can execute a macro directly by typing it into the command prompt. Hit Esc X to  bring
       up  the  command  prompt.  Hit  Tab  at this prompt for a completion list of all available
       commands.

       Here is a complete list of commands.

   Macro don´t stop modifier
       Sometimes, you expect commands to sometimes fail, but want the rest of the commands in the
       list  to  be  executed anyway. To mark a command which is allowed to fail, postfix it with
       ´!´. For example, here a macro which hits down page in the window above:

           prevw,pgdn!,nextw

       If prevw fails, the macro is aborted as usual. Even if  pgdn  fails  (already  at  end  of
       buffer), nextw will be executed so that the cursor is returned to the original window.

   Macro repeat argument modifiers
       Repeat  arguments  can  be  specified  with ^K \. When a command is executed with a repeat
       argument, it is repeatedly executed the specified number of times. If the repeat  argument
       is  negative, an opposite command (if one exists) is executed instead. For example, if you
       repeat "rtarw" -3 times, "ltarw" will be repeated 3 times. If a negative argument is given
       for a command which does not have an opposite, the repeat argument is ignored.

       Normally,  if a repeat argument is specified for a macro, the macro is simply repeated the
       given number of times. If a negative argument is given, the argument is ignored.

       Sometimes you want to  allow  negative  arguments  for  macros  and  have  their  behavior
       modified.  To  do  this, postfix each command within the macro which should be switched to
       its opposite for negative arguments with ´-´. For example, here is  the  page  down  other
       window macro:

           prevw,pgdn-!,nextw

       Now  if  you execute this with an argument of -2, it will be repeated twice, but pgup will
       be executed instead of pgdn. (note that several postfix modifiers can be placed after each
       command).

       Sometimes  when  a repeat argument is given to macro, you want only one of the commands in
       the list to be repeated, not the entire macro. This can be indicated as follows:

           prevw,pgdn#!,nextw

       If this is executed with an argument of 2, prevw is executed once, pgdn is executed twice,
       and nextw is executed once.

       Finally, even more complex semantics can be expressed with the "if" command:

           if~,"arg<0",then,
               ltarw,
           else,
               rtarw,
           endif

       When  the  macro is executed, the "arg" math variable is set to the given repeat argument.
       The "argset" variable is set to true if the user set an argument, even if it´s  1.  If  no
       argument was given, argset is false.

       If any command in the list is postfixed with ~ (if above), the macro is not repeated, even
       if there is an argument. ´arg´ is still set to the given repeat count, however.

   ´psh´/´query´ interaction
       The ´psh´ command saves the ^K B and ^K K positions on a stack. When the macro  completes,
       (or when the ´pop´ command is called) the positions are restored.

       The ´query´ command suspends macro execution until the current dialog is complete. It also
       suspends the automatic ´pop´ which happens at the end of a macro- so if the macro ends  in
       a  dialog  you  often  want  to call ´query´ to prevent the ^K B ^K K positions from being
       restored too early.

Tags search

       If you are editing a large C program with many source files, you can use the ctags program
       to  generate  a  tags file. This file contains a list of program symbols and the files and
       positions where the symbols are defined.

       First, create the tags file with the "ctags" program. For example:

           ctags *.c *.h

       This will create a file called "tags" in the current directory.

       JOE looks for the "tags" file in the current directory. If there is none, it will  try  to
       open the file specified by the TAGS environment variable.

       Paths in the tags file are always relative to location of the tags file itself.

       The tags file contains a list of identifier definition locations in one of these formats:

           identifier filename /search-expression/[;comments]

           identifier filename ?search-expression?[;comments]

           identifier filename line-number[;comments]

       Some versions of ctags include class-names in the identifiers:

           class::member

       In this case, JOE will match on any of these strings:

           member
           ::member
           class::member

       Some versions of ctags include a filename in the identifier:

           filename:identifier

       In this case JOE will only find the identifier if the buffer name matches the filename.

       The  search-expression  is  a  vi  regular expression, but JOE only supports the following
       special characters:

           ^ at the beginning means expression starts at beginning of line

           $ at the end means expression ends at end of line

           \x quote x (suppress meaning of /, ?, ^ or $)

       Type ^K ; to bring up a tags search prompt. If the cursor had been on an  identifier,  the
       prompt  is  pre-loaded with it. Tab completion works in this prompt (it uses the tags file
       to find completions).

       When you hit Enter, the tags search commences:

       If there is one and only one match, JOE will jump directly to the definition.

       If there are multiple matches, then the behavior is controlled by the  notagsmenu  option.
       If  notagsmenu  is enabled JOE jumps to the first definition. If you hit ^K ; again before
       hitting any other keys, JOE jumps to the next definition, and so on. The "tagjump" command
       also performs this function.

       If notagsmenu is disabled, JOE brings up a menu of all the matches. You select the one you
       want and JOE jumps to it. If you hit ^K ; again before hitting any other  keys,  the  same
       menu re-appears with the cursor left in the original location.

       You  can  hit ^K - to move the cursor back to the original location before the tags search
       (often ^C will work as well).

       Since ^K ; loads the definition file into the current window, you probably want  to  split
       the window first with ^K O, to have both the original file and the definition file loaded.

Calculator

       JOE has a built-in calculator which can be invoked with Esc M.

   Math functions
       sin, cos, tan, exp, sqrt, cbrt, ln, log, asin, acos, atan, sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh,
       atanh, int, floor, ceil, abs, erf, erfc, j0, j1, y0, y1

   Variables
       •   e
           Set to ´e´

       •   pi
           Set to ´pi´

       •   top
           Set to line number of top window line

       •   lines
           Set to number of lines in file

       •   line
           Set to current line number

       •   col
           Set to current column number

       •   byte
           Set to current byte number

       •   size
           Set to buffer size

       •   height
           Set to window height

       •   width
           Set to window width

       •   char
           Set to ASCII val of character under cursor

       •   markv
           True if there is a valid block set (^KB ... ^KK)

       •   rdonly
           True if file is read-only

       •   arg
           Current repeat argument

       •   argset
           True if a repeat argument was given

       •   is_shell
           True if executed in an active shell window

       •   no_windows
           No. buffer windows on the screen

       •   ans
           Result of previous expression

   Commands
       •   hex
           Hex display mode

       •   dec
           Decimal display mode

       •   ins
           Insert ´ans´ into buffer

       •   sum
           Sum of numbers in block

       •   cnt
           Count numbers in block

       •   avg
           Average value of numbers in block

       •   dev
           Standard deviation of numbers in block

       •   eval
           Evaluate math expressions in block (or whole file if no block set).

       •   joe(...)
           Execute a JOE macro (argument in same format as joerc file macros).  Return  value  of
           JOE macro is returned (for macro success, return true (non-zero)).

       For example:

           joe(sys,"[ 1 == 1 ]",rtn)

       ([ 1 == 1 ]) is a shell command. "[" is a synonym for the "test" UNIX command.

       Returns true.

       Remember:  argument  for  JOE macro command "if" is a math expression. So for example, the
       macro:

           if,"joe(sys,\"[ 1 == 1 ]\",rtn)",then,"TRUE",endif

       Types TRUE into the buffer.

   Operators:
       •   !x
           Logical not of x.

       •   x
           Raise x to power of y.

       •   a*b
           Multiply.

       •   a/b
           Divide.

       •   a%b
           Modulus.

       •   a+b
           Add.

       •   a-b
           Subtract.

       •   a<b
           True if a is less than b.

       •   a<=b
           True if a is less than or equal to b.

       •   a>b
           True if a is greater than b.

       •   a>=b
           True if a is greater than or equal to b.

       •   a==b
           True if a equals b.

       •   a!=b
           True if a does not equal b.

       •   a&&b
           True if both a and b are true.

       •   a||b
           True if ether a or b are true.

       •   a?b:c
           If a is true return b, otherwise return c.

       •   a=b
           Assign b to a.

       •   a:b
           Execute a, then execute b.

       &&, || and ? : work as in C and sh as far as side effects: if the

       left side of && is false, the right side is not evaluated.
       is expression separator.

Shell windows

       Hit ^K ´ to run a command shell in one of JOE´s windows. When the cursor is at the end  of
       a shell window (use ^K V if it´s not), whatever you type is passed to the shell instead of
       the buffer. Any output from the shell or from commands executed in the shell  is  appended
       to  the  shell  window (the cursor will follow this output if it´s at the end of the shell
       window). This command is useful for recording the results of shell commands-  for  example
       the  output  of  make,  the  result  of grepping a set of files for a string, or directory
       listings from FTP sessions. Besides typeable characters,  the  keys  ^C,  Backspace,  Del,
       Return and ^D are passed to the shell. Type the shell exit command to stop recording shell
       output. If you press ^C in a shell window, when the cursor  is  not  at  the  end  of  the
       window, the shell is killed.

       If  you  use  Bash,  you  can  hit: ^Q Up Arrow and ^Q Down Arrow to scroll through Bash´s
       history buffer. Other keys work as well: try ^Q ^A to go to beginning of line or ^Q ^E  to
       go  to  end of line. Unfortunately JOE only emulates a dumb terminal, so you have to use a
       lot of imagination to do any editing beyond hitting backspace.

       In general, any character quoted with ^Q is sent to the shell.

       Also sent to the shell: Tab, Backspace, Enter, ^C and ^D.

Pop-up shell windows

       Hit F1 - F4 to open and switch between shell windows.

       Pop-up shell windows use a full terminal emulator so that when  you  type  "man  ls"  it´s
       formatted  correctly (it works well enough so that some interactive programs can be used).
       Even so, the shell window is still an edit buffer.

       The old shell window (with no terminal emulation) still exists: use ^K ´ to invoke  it  as
       usual. This is useful to see control sequences emitted by a program.

       More  of  the keys get passed to the running program in pop-up shell windows compared with
       the older one. There is a :vtshell section of the joerc file to  control  which  ones.  In
       particular  arrow  keys and Ctrl-C are passed to the program. It means you can easily step
       through bash history with the arrow keys, or abort programs the normal way with Ctrl-C.

       On the other hand, loss of Ctrl-C means it´s less obvious how to close the window. One way
       is  to  move  the  cursor  off  of  the shell data entry point (with Ctrl-P), and then hit
       Ctrl-C. Another is to hit ^K Q. Finally, you can type ´pop´ at the command prompt.

       If you need to pass a key to the shell that JOE normally uses, quote it. For  example,  if
       you invoke "emacs -nw" in the shell window, you can exit it with:

           ^Q ^X ^C

       To quickly position the cursor back to the point where data is entered into the shell, hit
       ^K V.

       When you open a shell window, a JOE-specific startup-script is sourced.  It´s  located  in
       /etc/joe/shell.sh  (also  /etc/joe/shell.csh). It contains some aliases which allow you to
       control JOE with fake shell commands. I have these commands so far:

       •   clear
           erase shell window (delete buffer contents)

       •   joe file
           edit a file in JOE

       •   math 1+2
           evaluate equation using JOE´s calculator

       •   cd xyz
           change directory, keep JOE up to date

       •   markb
           same as ^KB

       •   markk
           same as ^KK

       •   mark command
           execute shell command, mark it´s output

       •   parse command
           execute shell command, parse it´s output for file names and line numbers (for find  or
           grep)

       •   parser comman
           execute shell command, parse it´s output for errors (for gcc)

       •   release
           release parsed errors

       •   pop
           dismiss shell window (same as ^K Q)

       These  work  by  emitting  an  escape  sequence recognized by the terminal emulator: Esc {
       joe_macro }. When this is received, the macro  is  executed.  For  security,  only  macros
       defined in the joerc file which begin with "shell_" can be executed this way.

   Use cases
       Pop-up shell windows have a number of nice use cases:

       •   Use it to browse manual pages

           Hit  F1  and type "man fopen". Use ´b´ (´u´) and space to control more (or less) while
           viewing the manual. You can leave the manual on the screen in one window while editing
           in another window.

       •   Use it to switch directories

           Hit  F1 and navigate to the directory while using cd. Once you are in the right place,
           hit ^K E to load a file (or type "edit file" from the shell).

       •   Use it in conjunction with the error parser to find files

           Hit F1 and navigate to a directory. Use grep or find (or both) to generate a  list  of
           files):

                   parse grep -n FIXME *.c

       Or:

                   markb; find . | xargs grep -n FIXME; markk; parse

       (Note that you can´t say this:

                   parse find . | xargs grep -n FIXME

       ...the issue is that only the words to the left of the pipe symbol are passed as arguments
       to the parse command).

       Now use ^P to position the cursor on one of the lines of the list. Hit Esc Space  to  have
       JOE edit the file and jump to the specified line (also you can use Esc - and Esc = to step
       through the list).

       •   Use it in conjunction with search and replace to edit many files

           Once JOE has a list of files (from above), use search and replace with the ´e´  option
           to visit all of them:

                   ^K F
                      Find: <text>
                      Options: re
                      Replace: <replacement text>

       •   Build your project

       Easily capture errors from a build with:

                   parserr make

       Hit Esc = and Esc - to step through the errors.

   How it works..
       •   There  is  a new mode "ansi". (Esc X mode ansi). When this mode is enabled, the screen
           updater hides escape sequences which are in the buffer. Otherwise you get a  big  mess
           from the sequences surrounding colored output from ´ls´.

       •   There is a new built-in syntax: "ansi". (^T Y ansi). This syntax parses the ANSI color
           control sequences so that text gets colored.

       •   There is a terminal emulator to interpret control sequences from the shell program. It
           emulates a terminal by modifying the contents of an edit buffer.

       •   When  the  edit  window  is  resized  we  tell  the  shell by issuing the TIOCSSIZE or
           TIOCSWINSZ ioctl. This way, the program running in the shell knows the window size.

Compiler and grep/find parsers

       JOE has two parsers which can be used to generate the error list (list  of  file  names  /
       line numbers).

       The  "parserr"  command  parses  the  entire  buffer,  or  if  the  block is set, just the
       highighted block for compiler error messages. The messages should be in this format:

           <junk> file.name <junk> line-number <junk> : <junk>

       The file name needs to be made of numbers, letters, ´/´, ´.´ and ´-´. It must have at leat
       one  ´.´  in  it.  There needs to be a colon somewhere after the line number. Lines not in
       this format are ignored.

       The "gparse´ command parses  the  entire  buffer,  or  if  the  block  is  set,  just  the
       highlighted  block  for a list of filenames or filenames with line numbers from "grep -n",
       "find" and similar programs.

           filename

           filename:<junk>

           filename:line-number:<junk>

       Once JOE has the error list, there are a number of things you can do with it:

       •   Visit the files/locations in the list with Esc - and Esc =

       •   Search and replace across all files in the list by using the ´e´  search  and  replace
           option.

       •   Clear the list by using the "release" command.

       Also,  you  can use Esc Space (´jump´ command) to parse the line the cursor is on and jump
       to the parsed filename and line number. ´jump´ uses the grep/find parser unless  ´parserr´
       had been previously issued in the buffer.

   Grep-find
       Hit  Esc  G  to bring up the prompt. Enter a command which results in file names with line
       numbers, for example: ´grep -n fred *.c´. This will list all instances of  ´fred´  in  the
       *.c files. You need the ´-n´ to get the line numbers.

       Now  you can hit Esc Space on one of the lines to jump to the selected file. Also, you can
       use Esc = and Esc - to step through each line.

   Compile
       Hit Esc C to save all modified files and then bring  up  the  compile  prompt.  Enter  the
       command you want to use for the compiler (typically "make -w"). The compiler will run in a
       shell window. When it´s complete, the results are parsed.

       The ´-w´ flag should be given to "make" so that it prints  messages  whenever  it  changes
       directories. The message are in this format:

           make[1]: Entering directory `/home/jhallen/joe-editor-mercurial/joe´

       If  there are any errors or warnings from the compiler you can hit Esc Space on one of the
       lines to jump to the selected file. Also, you can use Esc = and Esc - to step through each
       line.

Syntax highlighting

       To enable highlight use ^T H.

       To select the syntax, use ^T Y. You can hit Tab Tab at the prompt for a completion list.

       JOE  tries  to determine the syntax to use based on the name and contents of the file. The
       configuration file /etc/joe/ftyperc contains the definitions.

       Each syntax is defined by a file located /usr/share/joe/syntax/.

How JOE syntax highlighting works

       from                                                                                 c.jsf
       http://joe-editor.hg.sourceforge.net/hgweb/joe-editor/joe-editor/file/tip/syntax/c.jsf.in,
       slightly modified

       A deterministic state machine that performs lexical analysis of  the  target  language  is
       provided  in  a  syntax  file.  (This is the "assembly language" of syntax highlighting. A
       separate program could in principal be used to convert a  regular  expression  NFA  syntax
       into this format).

       Each state begins with:

           :<name> <color-name> <context>

       name\ is the state´s name.

       color-name\  is  the  color  used for characters eaten by the state (really a symbol for a
       user definable color).

       context\ tells JOE if the current character is part of a comment or a string. This  allows
       JOE to skip over comments and strings when matching characters such as parentheses. To use
       this feature, the highlighter_context option must be applied to the files  highlighted  by
       the corresponding syntax. To apply the option, add it to ftyperc for those file entries.

       The valid contexts are:

       •   comment This character is part of a comment. Example: /* comment */

       •   string This character is part of a string. Examples: "string" ´c´ ´string´

       The  comment  and  string  delimiters  themselves  should  be  marked with the appropriate
       context. The context is considered to  be  part  of  the  color,  so  the  recolor=-N  and
       recolormark options apply the context to previous characters.

       The first state defined is the initial state.

       Within a state, define transitions (jumps) to other states. Each jump has the form:

               <character-list> <target-state-name> [<option>s]

       There are three ways to specify character-list\s, either * for any character not otherwise
       specified, % or & to match the character in the delimiter  match  buffer  (%  matches  the
       saved  character exactly, while & matches the opposite character, for example ( will match
       ) when & is used) or a literal  list  of  characters  within  quotes  (ranges  and  escape
       sequences allowed: see Escape Sequences). When the next character matches any in the list,
       a jump to the target-state is taken and the character is eaten (we  advance  to  the  next
       character of the file to be colored).

       The * transition should be the first transition specified in the state.

       There are several options:

       •   noeat  -  Do  not  eat the character, instead feed it to the next state (this tends to
           make the states smaller, but be careful: you can make infinite loops). ´noeat´ implies
           ´recolor=-1´.

       •   recolor=-N  -  Recolor  the  past N characters with the color of the target-state. For
           example once /* is recognized as the start of C comment, you want to color the /* with
           the C comment color with recolor=-2.

       •   mark - Mark beginning of a region with current position.

       •   markend - Mark end of region.

       •   recolormark - Recolor all of the characters in the marked region with the color of the
           target-state. If markend is not given,  all  of  the  characters  up  to  the  current
           position  are recolored. Note that the marked region can not cross line boundaries and
           must be on the same line as recolormark.

       •   buffer - Start copying characters to a string buffer, beginning with this one (it´s OK
           to not terminate buffering with a matching ´strings´, ´istrings´ or ´hold´ option- the
           buffer is limited to leading 23 characters).

       •   save_c - Save character in delimiter match buffer.

       •   save_s - Copy string buffer to delimiter match buffer.

       •   strings - A list of strings follows. If the buffer matches any of the given strings, a
           jump to the target-state in the string list is taken instead of the normal jump.

       •   istrings  - Same as strings, but case is ignored. Note: strings and istrings should be
           the last option on the line. They cause any options which follow them to be ignored.

       •   hold - Stop buffering string- a future ´strings´ or ´istrings´ will look  at  contents
           of buffer at this point. Useful for distinguishing commands and function calls in some
           languages ´write 7´ is a command ´write (´ is a function call- hold lets  us  stop  at
           the space and delay the string lookup until the ( or 7.

       The format of the string list is:

               "string"   <target-state> [<options>s]
               "string"   <target-state> [<options>s]
               "&"        <target-state> [<options>s]   # matches contents of delimiter match buffer
               done

       (all  of  the options above are allowed except "strings", "istrings" and "noeat". noeat is
       always implied after a matched string).

       Weirdness: only states have colors, not transitions. This means that you sometimes have to
       make dummy states with

               *    <next-state>    noeat

       just to get a color specification.

       Delimiter  match  buffer  is  for perl and shell: a regex in perl can be s<..>(...) and in
       shell you can say: <<EOS ....... EOS. The idea is that you  capture  the  first  delimiter
       into  the match buffer (the < or first "EOS") and then match it to the second one with "&"
       in a string or character list.

   Subroutines
       Highlighter state  machines  can  now  make  subroutine  calls.  This  works  by  template
       instantiation:  the called state machine is included in your current state machine, but is
       modified so that the return address points to the called. There is still no run-time stack
       (the state is represented as a single integer plus the saved delimiter string).

       Recursion is allowed, but is self limited to 5 levels.

       Note:  this  recursion limit is obsolete. Subroutines now do use a stack so the call-depth
       is limitless.

       To call a subroutine, use the ´call´ option:

               "\""    fred    call=string(dquote)

       The subroutine called ´string´ is called and the jump to ´fred´ is ignored.  The  ´dquote´
       option is passed to the subroutine.

       If  you  use  recolor  along  with  call, the color used is that of the first state of the
       subroutine.

       The subroutine itself returns to the caller like this:

               "\""    whatever    return

       If we´re in a subroutine, it returns to the target state of the call ("fred" in the  above
       example). If we´re not in a subroutine, it jumps to "whatever".

       If you use recolor along with return, the color used is from the returned state ("fred" in
       the example above).

       There are several ways of delimiting subroutines which show up in how it is  called.  Here
       are the options:

       •   call=string()  -  A  file  called string.jsf is the subroutine. The entire file is the
           subroutine. The starting point is the first state in the file.

       •   call=library.string() - A file called library.jsf has the subroutine.  The  subroutine
           within the file is called string.

       •   call=.string() - There is a subroutine called string in the current file.

       When a subroutine is within a file, but is not the whole file, it is delimited as follows:

           .subr string

       Option  flags can be passed to subroutines which control preprocessor-like directives. For
       example:

           .ifdef dquote
               "\""    idle    return
               "´"     idle    return

       .else is also available. .ifdefs can be nested.

The joerc file

       ^T options, the help screens and the key-sequence  to  editor  command  bindings  are  all
       defined  in  JOE´s  initialization  file.  If you make a copy of this file (which normally
       resides in /etc/joe/joerc) to $HOME/.joerc,  you  can  customize  these  setting  to  your
       liking.  The  syntax  of  the  initialization  file should be fairly obvious and there are
       further instructions in it.

       The joerc file has a directive to include another file (:include). This facility  is  used
       to  include  a  file called ftyperc (usually located in /etc/joe/ftyperc). ftyperc has the
       file  type  table  which  determines  which  local  options  (including  syntax  for   the
       highlighter) are applied to each file type.

   Initialization file loading sequence
       If  the  path  for  an  initialization file begins with ´/´ (you can specify this with the
       include directive), JOE only tries to load it from the absolute path. Otherwise, JOE tries
       to  load  initialization  files  (the  joerc  file and any files included in it, typically
       ftyperc) from three places:

       •   "$HOME/.joerc" - The user´s personalized joerc file.

       •   "/etc/joe/joerc" - The system´s joerc file. The exact path is fixed during the  build,
           and is determined by the --sysconfdir configure script option.

       •   "*joerc"  -  Built-in  file  This  means JOE searches for the file in a table of files
           linked in with the JOE binary (they are in the builtins.c file). A built-in joerc file
           is provided so that the editor will run in cases where system´s joerc is inaccessible.

       If  the  system´s joerc file is newer than the user´s joerc file, JOE will print a warning
       in the startup log. Previous versions of JOE would prompt the user for this case- the idea
       was that JOE may be unusable with an out of date initialization file.

   joerc file sections
       The joerc file is broken up into a number of sections:

       •   Global options Options which are not file specific, like noxon.

       •   File name and content dependent options Options which depend on the file type, such as
           autoindent. The ftyperc file is included in this section.

       •   ^T menu system definition Use :defmenu to define a named  menu  of  macros.  The  menu
           command  brings up a specific named menu. ^T is a macro which brings up the root menu:
           menu,"root",rtn.

       •   Help screen contents Each help screen is named. The name is used to implement  context
           dependent help.

       •   Key  bindings  Key binding tables are defined. You can define as many as you like (you
           can switch to a specific one with the keymap  command),  but  the  following  must  be
           provided:

       •   main Editing windows

       •   prompt Prompt windows

       •   query Single-character query prompts

       •   querya Single-character query for quote

       •   querysr Single-character query for search and replace

       •   shell Shell windows

       •   vtshell Terminal emulator shell windows

       Key  binding  tables  can inherit bindings from already defined tables. This allows you to
       group common key bindings into a single table which is inherited by the others.

   Mode command
       Many options can be controlled with the ^T menu. This menu is defined in the  joerc  file.
       Each  option  in the ^T menu just executes a macro. Usually the macro is the mode command.
       You can execute the mode command directly with:

           Esc X mode <enter>

       Hit Tab Tab for a completion list of all options.

   Menu command
       This command calls up a named menu of macros which was defined in the joerc file.

           Esc X menu <enter>

       As usual, hit Tab Tab at the prompt for a completion list of the menus which exist.

       ^T is bound to the simple macro menu,"root",rtn- it brings up the root of the options menu
       system.

Xterm Mouse support

       There  are  two  levels of mouse support. The -mouse option enables the first level, which
       will work with any stock Xterm. If -joexterm is also set, mouse support is  enhanced,  but
       you  need  a  recent  version  of  XTerm,  and  it  needs  to  be  ./configured  with  the
       --enable-paste64 option.

       When -mouse is set, you can:

       •   Left-click in a text window to set the cursor  position.  Left-click  in  a  different
           window to move the cursor to a different window.

       •   Select  text with the mouse. Left-click and drag to select some text- it will be as if
           you had used ^K B and ^K K to mark it. Left-click (but don´t  drag)  to  position  the
           cursor  somewhere  else. Middle click to copy the selected text to the cursor- it will
           be as if you had hit ^K C. If you drag past the edge of the text  window,  the  window
           will  auto-scroll  to  select  more text. Unfortunately, Xterm does not send any codes
           when the cursor is outside of the Xterm frame itself, so this only works if the  mouse
           is  still  contained within the Xterm frame. I´ve sent a patch to the Xterm maintainer
           to improve this, but he has not taken it yet.

       •   Resize windows with the mouse: click and hold on a status line dividing two windows to
           move it.

       •   Select menu entries (such as any completion menu or the ^T options menu): click on the
           menu item to position the cursor on it. Double-click on a menu item to select it (same
           as hitting return with cursor on it).

       •   If your mouse has a wheel, turning the wheel will scroll the window with the cursor.

       Unfortunately,  when  -mouse is selected, cut and paste between X windows does not work as
       it normally does in a shell window (left-click and drag to select, middle click to paste).
       Instead,  you  have  to  hold  the shift key down to do this: shift-left-click and drag to
       select, and shift-middle click to paste. Note that pasting text  into  JOE  this  way  has
       problems:  any ` characters will get messed up because ` means quote the following control
       character. Also if auto-indent is enabled, pasted text will not be indented properly.

       Note: these problems with pasting have been resolved in recent versions of JOE.

       •   JOE enables "bracketed paste" mode in Xterm so that pasted text is bracketed  with  an
           escape  sequence.  This  sequence  causes  JOE to disable the autoindent, wordwrap and
           spaces modes for the paste, and restores them when the paste is complete.

       •   Even if the terminal emulator does not have this bracketed  paste  mode,  JOE  detects
           pasted  text by timing: If text arrives all at once (all in the same buffer), the text
           is assumed to be pasted text and autoindent and wordwrap are temporarily disabled.

       When -joexterm is set (and you have ./configured Xterm with --enable-paste64):

       •   Cut & paste are properly integrated with X.  Text  selected  with  left-click-drag  is
           available  for  pasting into other X windows (even if the selected text is larger than
           the text window). Text selected in other  X  windows  can  be  pasted  into  JOE  with
           middle-click. There are no problems pasting text containing ` or with auto-indent.

       --enable-paste64  allows  an  application program to communicate Base-64 encoded selection
       data to and from the Xterm. The program has full control over what  is  in  the  selection
       data and when it is received or sent.

Color Xterm support

       JOE  can  make  use of monochrome Xterm, 8-color Xterm, 16-color Xterm, 88-color Xterm and
       256-color Xterm. The number  of  colors  which  Xterm  supports  is  determined  by  which
       "configure"  script  options are set before the Xterm source code is compiled. The termcap
       or terminfo entry must support how  your  Xterm  is  configured.  On  my  Slackware  Linux
       distribution, you have to set the TERM environment variable to one of these:

       •   xterm

       •   xterm-color

       •   xterm-16color

       •   xterm-88color

       •   xterm-256color

       If the termcap/terminfo entry is missing, you can add the "-assume_256color" option to the
       joerc file. Note that this was broken for terminfo in versions of JOE below 3.4.

       When it is working, the command: "joe -assume_256color -text_color bg_222" should  have  a
       gray background.

Hex edit mode

       When  this  mode  is  selected (either put -hex on the command line, or look for "Hex edit
       mode" after hitting ^T), the buffer is displayed as a hex dump, but  all  of  the  editing
       commands  operate  the  same way. It is most useful to select overtype mode in conjunction
       with hex dump (hit ^T T). Then typing will not insert.

       •   To enter the hex byte 0xF8 type ^Q x F 8

       •   You can use ^K C to copy a block as usual. If overtype mode  is  selected,  the  block
           will  overwrite  the destination data without changing the size of the file. Otherwise
           it inserts.

       •   Hit Esc X byte <Enter>, to jump to a particular byte offset. Hex values can be entered
           into this prompt like this: 0x2000.

       •   Search, incremental search, and search & replace all operate as usual.

Environment variables

       For  JOE to operate correctly, a number of other environment settings must be correct. The
       throughput (baud rate) of the connection between the computer and your  terminal  must  be
       set  correctly  for  JOE  to  update  the screen smoothly and allow typeahead to defer the
       screen update. Use the stty nnn command to set this. You  want  to  set  it  as  close  as
       possible  to  actual throughput of the connection. For example, if you are connected via a
       1200 baud modem, you want to use this value for stty.  If  you  are  connected  via  14.4k
       modem,  but the terminal server you are connected to connects to the computer a 9600 baud,
       you want to set your speed as 9600 baud. The special baud rate of 38400 or extb is used to
       indicate that you have a very-high speed connection, such as a memory mapped console or an
       X-window terminal emulator. If you can´t use stty to set the  actual  throughput  (perhaps
       because  of  a  modem  communicating  with  the  computer  at  a  different rate than it´s
       communicating over the phone line), you can put a numeric value in  the  BAUD  environment
       variable instead (use setenv BAUD 9600 for csh or BAUD=9600; export BAUD for sh).

       The  TERM  environment  variable  must be set to the type of terminal you´re using. If the
       size (number of lines/columns) of your terminal is different from what is reported in  the
       TERMCAP  or  TERMINFO entry, you can set this with the stty rows nn cols nn command, or by
       setting the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables. The  terminal  size  is  variable  on
       modern systems and is determined by an ioctl, so these parameters often have no effect.

       JOE normally expects that flow control between the computer and your terminal to use ^S/^Q
       handshaking (i.e., if the computer is sending characters too fast for your terminal,  your
       terminal  sends  ^S  to  stop  the  output and ^Q to restart it). If the flow control uses
       out-of-band or hardware handshaking or if your terminal is fast enough to always  keep  up
       with  the  computer  output  and  you  wish to map ^S/^Q to edit commands, you can set the
       environment variable NOXON to have JOE attempt to  turn  off  ^S/^Q  handshaking.  If  the
       connection between the computer and your terminal uses no handshaking and your terminal is
       not fast enough to keep up with the output of the computer, you can  set  the  environment
       variable  DOPADDING  to  have  JOE  slow  down  the output by interspersing PAD characters
       between the terminal screen update sequences.

       Here is a complete list of the environment variables:

       •   BAUD
           Tell JOE the baud rate of the terminal (overrides value reported by stty).

       •   COLUMNS
           Set number of columns in terminal emulator (in case termcap entry is wrong).  This  is
           only useful on old system which don´t have the "get window size" ioctl.

       •   DOPADDING
           Enable JOE to send padding NULs to the terminal when set (for very old terminals).

       •   HOME
           Used  to  get  path  to  home directory for ~ expansion and also to find ~/.joerc file
           ~/.joe directory.

       •   HOSTNAME
           Used to get hostname to put in EMACS compatible locks.

       •   JOETERM
           Gives terminal type: JOE will use this instead of TERM if it´s set.

       •   LANG
           Sets locale (like en_US.utf-8). JOE uses the first of  these  which  is  set:  LC_ALL,
           LC_CTYPE, LANG.

       •   LC_ALL
           Sets  locale  (like  en_US.utf-8).  JOE  uses the first of these which is set: LC_ALL,
           LC_CTYPE, LANG.

       •   LC_CTYPE
           Sets locale (like en_US.utf-8). JOE uses the first of  these  which  is  set:  LC_ALL,
           LC_CTYPE, LANG.

       •   LINES
           Set  number  of  lines  in terminal emulator (in case termcap entry is wrong). This is
           only useful on old system which don´t have the "get window size" ioctl.

       •   NOXON
           Disable ^S and ^Q flow control, possibly allowing ^S and ^Q to be used as editor keys.

       •   SHELL
           Path to shell (like /bin/sh). This is used in several places: If you are on  a  system
           with  no  job control, this shell is invoked when you hit ^K Z. Also this is the shell
           which is run in shell windows. If SHELL is not set (Cygwin) or if it´s set to /bin/sh,
           JOE invokes the first of these which exists: /bin/bash, /usr/bin/bash, /bin/sh.

       •   SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
           If this is set, it is appended to the file name instead of ~ to create the backup file
           name.

       •   TAGS
           If set to a path to a file, JOE tries to use this as the "tags" file if  there  is  no
           "tags" file in the current directory.

       •   TEMP
           If set, gives path to directory to open swapfile instead of /tmp

       •   TERMCAP
           Used  by  JOE´s  built-in termcap file parser (not used for terminfo). A termcap entry
           can be placed directly in this variable (which will be used if it matches TERM), or if
           it begins with /, it gives a list of paths to termcap files to search.

       •   TERMPATH
           Gives  list  of  paths  to  termcap  files  to search when TERMCAP has a termcap entry
           (otherwise it´s ignored). The default list of paths to termcap files (when TERMCAP and
           TERMPATH do not have it) is: "~/.termcap /etc/joe/termcap /etc/termcap"

       •   TERM
           Gives terminal type, like "vt100" or "xterm".

       •   USER
           Used to get user name for EMACS compatible file locks.

JOE commands grouped by function

       These commands can be entered at the Esc X prompt.

   Background programs
       •   bknd
           Run a shell in a window

       •   vtbknd
           Run a shell in a terminal emulator window

       •   killproc
           Kill program in current window

       •   run
           Run a UNIX command in a window

       •   sys
           Run a UNIX command and return to editor when done (I/O does not go through editor, but
           we get the command´s return status).

   Blocks
       •   blkcpy
           Copy marked block to cursor

       •   blkdel
           Delete marked block

       •   blkmove
           Move marked block to cursor

       •   blksave
           Save marked block into a file

       •   copy
           Copy block to kill-ring

       •   drop
           Set markb. If it was already set, eliminate Ait.

       •   dropon
           Set markb. If it was already set, eliminate it. Turn on marking mode.

       •   toggle_marking
           If we´re in a block: clear markb and markk. If marking is off: set markb and  turn  on
           marking.  If  marking is on: set markk (swap if necessary with markb) and turn marking
           off.

       •   begin_marking
           If we´re on an edge of a block: set markb to other edge  and  turn  on  marking  mode.
           Otherwise set markb to cursor and turn on marking mode.

       •   select
           Set markb. If it was already set, do nothing.

       •   filt
           Filter block or file through a UNIX command

       •   markb
           Set beginning of block mark

       •   markk
           Set end of block mark

       •   markl
           Mark current line

       •   nmark
           Eliminate markb and markk

       •   picokill
           Delete line or block

       •   pop
           Restore markb and markk values from stack

       •   psh
           Push markb and markk values onto a stack

       •   swap
           Switch cursor with markb

       •   tomarkb
           Move cursor to markb

       •   tomarkbk
           Move cursor to markb or markk

       •   tomarkk
           Move cursor to markk

       •   yank
           Insert top of kill ring

       •   yankpop
           Scroll through kill ring

       •   yapp
           Append next kill to top of kill ring

       •   upper
           Convert everything in block to uppercase

       •   lower
           Convert everything in block to lowercase

   Buffers
       •   bufed
           Buffer menu

       •   edit
           Load file into window: asks to reload if buffer exists

       •   switch
           Load file into window: always uses buffer if it exists

       •   scratch
           Push a scratch buffer into current window

       •   popabort
           Abort and pop window from stack (do nothing if stack empty)

       •   nbuf
           Load next buffer into current window

       •   pbuf
           Load previous buffer into current window

       •   reload
           Re-read file into buffer (revert)

       •   reloadall
           Re-read all unmodified buffers

   Cursor Motion
       •   bof
           Move cursor to beginning of file

       •   bol
           Move cursor to beginning of line (always)

       •   bop
           Move to beginning of a paragraph

       •   bos
           Move to beginning of screen

       •   bkwdc
           Search backwards for a character

       •   byte
           Move cursor to specific byte offset into the file.

       •   col
           Move cursor to specific column number.

       •   dnarw
           Move cursor down one line

       •   eof
           Move cursor to end of file

       •   eol
           Move cursor to end of line

       •   eop
           Move cursor to end of paragraph

       •   fwrdc
           Search forward for matching character

       •   gomark
           Move cursor to a bookmark

       •   home
           Move cursor to beginning of line

       •   line
           Move cursor to specified line

       •   ltarw
           Move cursor left

       •   nedge
           Move cursor to next edge

       •   nextpos
           Move cursor to next position in cursor position history

       •   nextword
           Move cursor to end of next word

       •   pedge
           Move cursor to previous edge

       •   prevpos
           Move cursor to previous position in cursor position history

       •   prevword
           Move cursor to beginning of previous word

       •   rtarw
           Move cursor right

       •   setmark
           Set a bookmark

       •   tomatch
           Move cursor to matching delimiter

       •   tos
           Move cursor to top of screen

       •   uparw
           Move cursor up

   Deletion
       •   backs
           Backspace

       •   backw
           Backspace a word

       •   delbol
           Delete to beginning of line

       •   delch
           Delete character under cursor

       •   deleol
           Delete to end of line

       •   dellin
           Delete entire line

       •   delw
           Delete word to right

   Error parsing
       •   nxterr
           Goto next parsed error

       •   parserr
           Parse errors in current file

       •   gparse
           Parse grep list in current file

       •   jump
           Parse current line and jump to it

       •   prverr
           Go to previous parsed error

       •   showerr
           Show current message

       •   grep
           Execute grep command, parse when done

       •   build
           Execute build command, parse when done

       •   release
           Release error/grep records

   Exit
       •   cancel
           Like abort, but doesn´t return failure: useful in macros to escape out of a prompt.

       •   abort
           Abort current buffer/window. Prompt if it is changed.

       •   abortbuf
           Like above, but just fail if it would have to prompt because it´s the last window on a
           modified buffer.

       •   ask
           Prompt to save current file: user says yes return, user says no: run ´abort´. Use in a
           macro: "ask,query,exsave"

       •   exsave
           Save file and exit

       •   lose
           EMACS  kill  buffer.  The  buffer  is  deleted-  any windows with it get a replacement
           scratch buffer.

       •   querysave
           Prompt to save each modified buffer. Use in a macro: "querysave,query,killjoe"

       •   killjoe
           Exit JOE immediately without checking for modified buffers

   Files
       •   cd
           Set directory prefix

       •   save
           Save file

       •   savenow
           Save immediately, unless file name is not known

       •   insf
           Insert a file

   Formatting
       •   center
           Center line

       •   fmtblk
           Format all paragraphs in a block

       •   format
           Format current paragraph

       •   lindent
           Indent to the left

       •   rindent
           Indent to the right

   Help
       •   help
           Turn help on or off

       •   hnext
           Switch to next help screen

       •   hprev
           Switch to previous help screen

   Inserting
       •   ctrl
           Type next key

       •   finish
           Complete word in text window

       •   insc
           Insert a space

       •   open
           Insert newline

       •   quote
           Insert a control character

       •   quote8
           Insert a meta character

       •   rtn
           Return / Enter key

       •   type
           Insert typed character

       •   secure_type
           Insert typed character, but only allowed in  prompt  windows  (not  allowed  in  shell
           windows)

   Macros
       •   macros
           Insert keyboard macros into current file

       •   play
           Execute a macro

       •   query
           Suspend macro recording for user query

       •   record
           Record a macro

       •   stop
           Stop recording macro

   Menu
       •   backsmenu
           Undo in file completion menu

       •   bofmenu
           Move to beginning of menu

       •   bolmenu
           Move to beginning of line in a menu

       •   dnarwmenu
           Move down one line in a menu

       •   eolmenu
           Move cursor to end of line in a menu

       •   eofmenu
           Move cursor to end of menu

       •   ltarwmenu
           Move cursor left in a menu

       •   rtarwmenu
           Move cursor right in menu

       •   uparwmenu
           Move cursor up in menu

       •   dnslidemenu
           Scroll menu down one line

       •   upslidemenu
           Scroll menu up one line

       •   pgupmenu
           Scroll menu up

       •   pgdnmenu
           Scroll menu down

       •   tabmenu
           Tab through menu

   Misc
       •   beep
           Beep

       •   execmd
           Execute a JOE command

       •   debug_joe
           Insert debug information into buffer

       •   math
           Calculator

       •   maths
           Secure Calculator (no way to run joe() macros)

       •   mode
           Mode prompt

       •   menu
           Menu prompt

       •   msg
           Display a message

       •   notmod
           Clear the modified flag

       •   retype
           Refresh screen

       •   shell
           Suspend process or execute a sub-shell

       •   stat
           Display cursor position

       •   tag
           Tags file search

       •   tagjump
           Jump to next tags file search match (only if notagsmenu is set)

       •   timer
           Execute a macro periodically

       •   txt
           Insert text. If first character is `, then text is assumed to be a format string (that
           is, the string used to define the status line for the rmsg and lmsg  options)  and  is
           formatted before the insertion.

       •   name
           Insert current file name

       •   language
           Insert current language

       •   charset
           Insert current character set

       •   keymap
           Switch to another keymap

   Prompts
       •   complete
           Complete a file-name in a prompt

       •   if
           Only run following cmds if expr is true (non-zero)

       •   then
           Same as rtn but only works in prompt windows

       •   elsif
           Try a new condition

       •   else
           Toggle truth flag

       •   endif
           Start running cmds again

       Here is an example ´if´ macro:

       if,"char==65",then,"it´s an A",else,"it´s not an A",endif __^[ q__

       When you hit __^[ q__, if the character under the cursor is an ´A´: "it´s a A" is inserted
       into the buffer, otherwise "it´s not an A" is inserted.

       "if" creates a math prompt (like __Esc M__). "then" is like "rtn"- it hits the return  key
       for this prompt.

       Within the math prompt, the following variables are available:

       •   char
           ASCII value of character under cursor

       •   width
           Width of screen

       •   height
           Height of screen

       •   byte
           byte number

       •   col
           column number

       •   line
           line number

       •   lines
           no. lines in file

       •   top
           line number of top line of window

   Repeat
       •   arg
           Prompt for repeat argument

       •   uarg
           Universal argument

   Scrolling
       •   crawll
           Pan screen left

       •   crawlr
           Pan screen right

       •   dnslide
           Scroll screen down 1 line

       •   pgdn
           Scroll screen down

       •   pgup
           Scroll screen up

       •   upslide
           Scroll up one line

   Search and replace
       •   ffirst
           Find text

       •   fnext
           Repeat previous search

       •   isrch
           Incremental search forward

       •   qrepl
           Search and replace

       •   rfirst
           Search backwards for text

       •   rsrch
           Reverse incremental search

   Windows
       •   explode
           Display one window or display all windows

       •   dupw
           Duplicate current window

       •   groww
           Increase size of window

       •   nextw
           Move cursor to next window

       •   prevw
           Go to previous window

       •   shrinkw
           Shrink window

       •   splitw
           Split window into two

       •   tw0
           Eliminate this window

       •   tw1
           Show only one window

       •   mwind
           Get error messages window on the screen and put cursor in it.

       •   showlog
           Get startup log scratch buffer into window.

       •   mfit
           Fit  two windows on the screen: make current window 6 lines, and give rest of space to
           window above. The window above is either the existing previous window, a newly created
           one if there wasn´t one.

   Undo
       •   redo
           Re-execute the latest undone change

       •   undo
           Undo last change

   Mouse
       •   tomouse
           Move the cursor to where the mouse was clicked/dragged

       •   defmdown
           Default  single-click  handler, usually bound to MDOWN.  Positions cursor to mouse and
           begins a region.

       •   defmup
           Default single-click release handler, usually bound to MUP.  Completes selection of  a
           region.

       •   defmdrag
           Default single-click drag handler, usually bound to MDRAG.  Selects a region of text a
           character at a time.

       •   defm2down
           Default double-click handler, usually bound to M2DOWN.

       •   defm2up
           Default double-click release handler, usually bound to M2UP.

       •   defm2drag
           Default double-click drag handler, usually bound to M2DRAG.  Selects a region of  text
           a word at a time.

       •   defm3down
           Default triple-click handler, usually bound to M3DOWN.

       •   defm3up
           Default triple-click release handler, usually bound to M3UP.

       •   defm3drag
           Default  triple-click drag handler, usually bound to M3DRAG.  Selects a region of text
           a line at a time.

       •   defmiddledown
           Default middle click handler, usually bound to MIDDLEDOWN.  This inserts text.

       •   defmiddleup
           Default middle click release handler, usually bound to MIDDLEUP.

       •   xtmouse
           Handle xterm mouse events, usually bound to Esc [  M.   It  parses  the  rest  of  the
           sequence  and generates fake "keys" that can be bound to macros in the joerc file.  It
           uses a timer to detect double-click and  triple-click.   The  keys  are:  MUP,  MDOWN,
           MDRAG, M2UP, M2DOWN, M2DRAG, M3UP, M3DOWN, M3DRAG, MWUP and MWDOWN.

       •   extmouse
           Handle extended xterm mouse events, usually bound to Esc [ <.

       •   paste
           Insert base64 encoded text (for XTerm --enable-base64 option).

       •   brpaste
           Disable  autoindent, wordwrap and spaces. The idea is to bind this to Esc [ 2 0 0 ~ so
           that when the terminal emulator sends a mouse paste, the text is inserted as-is.

       •   brpaste_done
           Restore autoindent, wordwrap and spaces modes to their original values before brpaste.
           The  idea  is  to  bind this to Esc [ 2 0 1 ~ so that these modes are restored after a
           mouse paste.

                                            March 2016                                      JOE()