Provided by: trurl_0.9-1build2_amd64 
NAME
trurl - transpose URLs
SYNOPSIS
trurl [options / URLs]
DESCRIPTION
trurl parses, manipulates and outputs URLs and parts of URLs.
It uses the RFC 3986 definition of URLs and it uses libcurl's URL parser to do so, which
includes a few "extensions". The URL support is limited to "hierarchical" URLs, the ones
that use "://" separators after the scheme.
Typically you pass in one or more URLs and decide what of that you want output. Possibly
modifying the URL as well.
trurl knows URLs and every URL consists of up to ten separate and independent
"components". These components can be extracted, removed and updated with trurl and they
are referred to by their respective names: scheme, user, password, options, host, port,
path, query, fragment and zoneid.
OPTIONS
Options start with one or two dashes. Many of the options require an additional value next
to them.
Any other argument is interpreted as a URL argument, and is treated as if it was following
a --url option.
The first argument that is exactly two dashes ("--"), marks the end of options; any
argument after the end of options is interpreted as a URL argument even if it starts with
a dash.
-a, --append [component]=[data]
Append data to a component. This can only append data to the path and the query
components.
For path, this URL encodes and appends the new segment to the path, separated with
a slash.
For query, this URL encodes and appends the new segment to the query, separated
with an ampersand (&). If the appended segment contains an equal sign ('=') that
one will be kept verbatim and both sides of the first occurrence will be URL
encoded separately.
--accept-space
When set, trurl will try to accept spaces as part of the URL and instead URL encode
such occurrences accordingly.
According to RFC 3986, a space cannot legally be part of a URL. This option
provides a best-effort to convert the provided string into a valid URL.
--default-port
When set, trurl will use the scheme's default port number for URLs with a known
scheme, and without an explicit port number.
Note that trurl only knows default port numbers for URL schemes that are supported
by libcurl.
Since, by default, trurl removes default port numbers from URLs with a known
scheme, this option is pretty much ignored unless one of --get, --json, and --keep-
port is not also specified.
-f, --url-file [file name]
Read URLs to work on from the given file. Use the file name "-" (a single minus) to
tell trurl to read the URLs from stdin.
Each line needs to be a single valid URL. trurl will remove one carriage return
character at the end of the line if present, trim off all the trailing space and
tab characters, and skip all empty (after trimming) lines.
The maximum line length supported in a file like this is 4094 bytes. Lines that
exceed that length are skipped, and a warning is printed to stderr when they are
encountered.
-g, --get [format]
Output text and URL data according to the provided format string. Components from
the URL can be output when specified as {component} or [component], with the name
of the part show within curly braces or brackets. You can not mix braces and
brackets for this purpose in the same command line.
The following component names are available (case sensitive): url, scheme, user,
password, options, host, port, path, query, fragment and zoneid.
{component} will expand to nothing if the given component does not have a value.
Components are shown URL decoded by default. If you instead write the component
prefixed with a colon like "{:path}", it gets output URL encoded.
You may also prefix components with default: and/or puny: or idn:, in any order.
If default: is specified, like "{default:url}" or "{default:port}", and the port is
not explicitly specified in the URL, the scheme's default port will be output if it
is known.
If puny: is specified, like "{puny:url}" or "{puny:host}", the "punycoded" version
of the host name will be used in the output. This option is mutually exclusive with
idn:.
If idn: is specified like "{idn:url}" or "{idn:host}", the International Domain
Name version of the host name will be used in the output if it is provided as a
correctly encoded punycode version. This option is mutually exclusive with puny:.
If --default-port is specified, all formats are expanded as if they used default:;
and if --punycode is used, all formats are expanded as if they used puny:. Also
note that "{url}" is affected by the --keep-port option.
Hosts provided as IPv6 numerical addresses will be provided within square brackets.
Like "[fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:409b]".
Hosts provided as IPv4 numerical addresses will be "normalized" and provided as
four dot-separated decimal numbers when output.
You can access specific keys in the query string using the format {query:key}. Then
the value of the first matching key will be output using a case sensitive match.
When extracting a URL decoded query key that contains %00, such octet will be
replaced with a single period '.' in the output.
You can access specific keys in the query string and out all values using the
format {query-all:key}. This looks for 'key' case sensitively and will output all
values for that key space-separated.
The "format" string supports the following backslash sequences:
\\ - backslash
\t - tab
\n - newline
\r - carriage return
\{ - an open curly brace that does not start a variable
\[ - an open bracket that does not start a variable
All other text in the format string will be shown as-is.
-h, --help
Show the help output.
--iterate [component]=[item1 item2 ...]
Set the component to multiple values and output the result once for each iteration.
Several combined iterations are allowed to generate combinations, but only one
--iterate option per component. The listed items to iterate over should be
separated by single spaces.
--json Outputs all set components of the URLs as JSON objects. All components of the URL
that have data will get populated in the parts object using their component names.
See below for details on the format.
--keep-port
By default, trurl removes default port numbers from URLs with a known scheme even
if they are explicitly specified in the input URL. This options, makes trurl not
remove them.
--no-guess-scheme
Disables libcurl's scheme guessing feature. URLs that do not contain a scheme will
be treated as invalid URLs.
--punycode
Uses the "punycoded" version of the host name, which is how International Domain
Names are converted into plain ASCII. If the host name is not using IDN, the
regular ASCII name is used.
--as-idn
Converts a "punycoded" ASCII host name to its original International Domain Name in
Unicode. If the host name is not using punycode then the original host name is
used.
--query-separator [what]
Specify the single letter used for separating query pairs. The default is "&" but
at least in the past sometimes semicolons ";" or even colons ":" have been used for
this purpose. If your URL uses something other than the default letter, setting the
right one makes sure trurl can do its query operations properly.
--redirect [URL]
Redirect the URL to this new location. The redirection is performed on the base
URL, so, if no base URL is specified, no redirection will be performed.
-s, --set [component][:]=[data]
Set this URL component. Setting blank string ("") will clear the component from the
URL.
The following components can be set: url, scheme, user, password, options, host,
port, path, query, fragment and zoneid.
If a simple "="-assignment is used, the data is URL encoded when applied. If ":="
is used, the data is assumed to already be URL encoded and will be stored as-is.
If no URL or --url-file argument is provided, trurl will try to create a URL using
the components provided by the --set options. If not enough components are
specified, this will fail.
--sort-query
The "variable=content" tuplets in the query component are sorted in a case
insensitive alphabetical order. This helps making URLs identical that otherwise
only had their query pairs in different orders.
--url [URL]
Set the input URL to work with. The URL may be provided without a scheme, which
then typically is not actually a legal URL but trurl will try to figure out what is
meant and guess what scheme to use (unless --no-guess-scheme is used).
Providing multiple URLs will make trurl act on all URLs in a serial fashion.
If the URL cannot be parsed for whatever reason, trurl will simply move on to the
next provided URL - unless --verify is used.
--urlencode
Outputs URL encoded version of components by default when using --get or --json.
--trim [component]=[what]
Trims data off a component. Currently this can only trim a query component.
"what" is specified as a full word or as a word prefix (using a single trailing
asterisk ('*')) which makes trurl remove the tuples from the query string that
match the instruction.
To match a literal trailing asterisk instead of using a wildcard, escape it with a
backslash in front of it. Like "\*".
-v, --version
Show version information and exit.
--verify
When a URL is provided, return error immediately if it does not parse as a valid
URL. In normal cases, trurl can forgive a bad URL input.
--quiet
Suppress (some) notes and warnings.
JSON output format
The --json option outputs a JSON array with one or more objects. One for each URL.
Each URL JSON object contains a number of properties, a series of key/value pairs. The
exact set depends on the given URL.
url This key exists in every object. It is the complete URL. Affected by --default-
port, --keep-port, and --punycode.
parts This key exists in every object, and contains an object with a key for each of the
settable URL components. If a component is missing, it means it is not present in
the URL. The parts are URL decoded unless --urlencode is used.
scheme The URL scheme.
user The user name.
password
The password.
options
The options. Note that only a few URL schemes support the "options"
component.
host The and normalized host name. It might be a UTF-8 name if an IDN name was
used. It can also be a normalized IPv4 or IPv6 address. An IPv6 address
always starts with a bracket ([) - and no other host names can contain such
a symbol. If --punycode is used, the punycode version of the host is
outputted instead.
port The provided port number as a string. If the port number was not provided in
the URL, but the scheme is a known one, and --default-port is in use, the
default port for that scheme will be provided here.
path The path. Including the leading slash.
query The full query, excluding the question mark separator.
fragment
The fragment, excluding the pound sign separator.
zoneid The zone id, which can only be present in an IPv6 address. When this key is
present, then host is an IPv6 numerical address.
params This key contains an array of query key/value objects. Each such pair is listed
with "key" and "value" and their respective contents in the output.
The key/values are extracted from the query where they are separated by ampersands
(&) - or the user sets with --query-separator.
The query pairs are listed in the order of appearance in a left-to-right order, but
can be made alpha-sorted with --sort-query.
It is only present if the URL has a query.
EXAMPLES
Replace the host name of a URL
$ trurl --url https://curl.se --set host=example.com
https://example.com/
Create a URL by setting components
$ trurl --set host=example.com --set scheme=ftp
ftp://example.com/
Redirect a URL
$ trurl --url https://curl.se/we/are.html --redirect here.html
https://curl.se/we/here.html
Change port number
This also shows how trurl will remove dot-dot sequences
$ trurl --url https://curl.se/we/../are.html --set port=8080
https://curl.se:8080/are.html
Extract the path from a URL
$ trurl --url https://curl.se/we/are.html --get '{path}'
/we/are.html
Extract the port from a URL
This gets the default port based on the scheme if the port is not set in the URL.
$ trurl --url https://curl.se/we/are.html --get '{default:port}'
443
Append a path segment to a URL
$ trurl --url https://curl.se/hello --append path=you
https://curl.se/hello/you
Append a query segment to a URL
$ trurl --url "https://curl.se?name=hello" --append query=search=string
https://curl.se/?name=hello&search=string
Read URLs from stdin
$ cat urllist.txt | trurl --url-file -
...
Output JSON
$ trurl "https://fake.host/search?q=answers&user=me#frag" --json
[
{
"url": "https://fake.host/search?q=answers&user=me#frag",
"parts": [
"scheme": "https",
"host": "fake.host",
"path": "/search",
"query": "q=answers&user=me"
"fragment": "frag",
],
"params": [
{
"key": "q",
"value": "answers"
},
{
"key": "user",
"value": "me"
}
]
}
]
Remove tracking tuples from query
$ trurl "https://curl.se?search=hey&utm_source=tracker" --trim query="utm_*"
https://curl.se/?search=hey
Show a specific query key value
$ trurl "https://example.com?a=home&here=now&thisthen" -g '{query:a}'
home
Sort the key/value pairs in the query component
$ trurl "https://example.com?b=a&c=b&a=c" --sort-query
https://example.com?a=c&b=a&c=b
Work with a query that uses a semicolon separator
$ trurl "https://curl.se?search=fool;page=5" --trim query="search" --query-separator ";"
https://curl.se?page=5
Accept spaces in the URL path
$ trurl "https://curl.se/this has space/index.html" --accept-space
https://curl.se/this%20has%20space/index.html
Create multiple variations of a URL with different schemes
$ trurl "https://curl.se/path/index.html" --iterate "scheme=http ftp sftp"
http://curl.se/path/index.html
ftp://curl.se/path/index.html
sftp://curl.se/path/index.html
WWW
https://curl.se/trurl
SEE ALSO
curl_url_set(3), curl_url_get(3)