Provided by: libappconfig-perl_1.71-2.3_all bug

NAME

       AppConfig - Perl5 module for reading configuration files and parsing command line
       arguments.

SYNOPSIS

           use AppConfig;

           # create a new AppConfig object
           my $config = AppConfig->new( \%cfg );

           # define a new variable
           $config->define( $varname => \%varopts );

           # create/define combined
           my $config = AppConfig->new( \%cfg,
               $varname => \%varopts,
               $varname => \%varopts,
               ...
           );

           # set/get the value
           $config->set( $varname, $value );
           $config->get($varname);

           # shortcut form
           $config->varname($value);
           $config->varname;

           # read configuration file
           $config->file($file);

           # parse command line options
           $config->args(\@args);      # default to \@ARGV

           # advanced command line options with Getopt::Long
           $config->getopt(\@args);    # default to \@ARGV

           # parse CGI parameters (GET method)
           $config->cgi($query);       # default to $ENV{ QUERY_STRING }

OVERVIEW

       AppConfig is a Perl5 module for managing application configuration information.  It
       maintains the state of any number of variables and provides methods for parsing
       configuration files, command line arguments and CGI script parameters.

       Variables values may be set via configuration files.  Variables may be flags (On/Off),
       take a single value, or take multiple values stored as a list or hash.  The number of
       arguments a variable expects is determined by its configuration when defined.

           # flags
           verbose
           nohelp
           debug = On

           # single value
           home  = /home/abw/

           # multiple list value
           file = /tmp/file1
           file = /tmp/file2

           # multiple hash value
           book  camel = Programming Perl
           book  llama = Learning Perl

       The '-' prefix can be used to reset a variable to its default value and the '+' prefix can
       be used to set it to 1

           -verbose
           +debug

       Variable, environment variable and tilde (home directory) expansions can be applied
       (selectively, if necessary) to the values read from configuration files:

           home = ~                    # home directory
           nntp = ${NNTPSERVER}        # environment variable
           html = $home/html           # internal variables
           img  = $html/images

       Configuration files may be arranged in blocks as per the style of Win32 "INI" files.

           [file]
           site = kfs
           src  = ~/websrc/docs/$site
           lib  = ~/websrc/lib
           dest = ~/public_html/$site

           [page]
           header = $lib/header
           footer = $lib/footer

       You can also use Perl's "heredoc" syntax to define a large block of text in a
       configuration file.

           multiline = <<FOOBAR
           line 1
           line 2
           FOOBAR

           paths  exe  = "${PATH}:${HOME}/.bin"
           paths  link = <<'FOO'
           ${LD_LIBARRAY_PATH}:${HOME}/lib
           FOO

       Variables may also be set by parsing command line arguments.

           myapp -verbose -site kfs -file f1 -file f2

       AppConfig provides a simple method (args()) for parsing command line arguments.  A second
       method (getopt()) allows more complex argument processing by delegation to Johan Vroman's
       Getopt::Long module.

       AppConfig also allows variables to be set by parameters passed to a CGI script via the URL
       (GET method).

           http://www.nowhere.com/cgi-bin/myapp?verbose&site=kfs

PREREQUISITES

       AppConfig requires Perl 5.005 or later.

       The Getopt::Long and Test::More modules should be installed.  If you are using a recent
       version of Perl (e.g. 5.8.0) then these should already be installed.

OBTAINING AND INSTALLING THE AppConfig MODULE BUNDLE

       The AppConfig module bundle is available from CPAN.  As the 'perlmod' manual page
       explains:

           CPAN stands for the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network.
           This is a globally replicated collection of all known Perl
           materials, including hundreds of unbundled modules.

           [...]

           For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, see
           http://www.perl.com/perl/ or ftp://ftp.perl.com/perl/ .

       Within the CPAN archive, AppConfig is in the category:

           12) Option, Argument, Parameter and Configuration File Processing

       The module is available in the following directories:

           /modules/by-module/AppConfig/AppConfig-<version>.tar.gz
           /authors/id/ABW/AppConfig-<version>.tar.gz

       AppConfig is distributed as a single gzipped tar archive file:

           AppConfig-<version>.tar.gz

       Note that "<version>" represents the current AppConfig version number, of the form "n.nn",
       e.g. "3.14".  See the REVISION section below to determine the current version number for
       AppConfig.

       Unpack the archive to create a AppConfig installation directory:

           gunzip AppConfig-<version>.tar.gz
           tar xvf AppConfig-<version>.tar

       'cd' into that directory, make, test and install the modules:

           cd AppConfig-<version>
           perl Makefile.PL
           make
           make test
           make install

       The 't' sub-directory contains a number of test scripts that are run when a 'make test' is
       run.

       The 'make install' will install the module on your system.  You may need administrator
       privileges to perform this task.  If you install the module in a local directory (for
       example, by executing "perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib" in the above - see "perldoc MakeMaker"
       for full details), you will need to ensure that the PERL5LIB environment variable is set
       to include the location, or add a line to your scripts explicitly naming the library
       location:

           use lib '/local/path/to/lib';

       The 'examples' sub-directory contains some simple examples of using the AppConfig modules.

DESCRIPTION

   USING THE AppConfig MODULE
       To import and use the AppConfig module the following line should appear in your Perl
       script:

            use AppConfig;

       To import constants defined by the AppConfig module, specify the name of one or more of
       the constant or tag sets as parameters to "use":

           use AppConfig qw(:expand :argcount);

       See "CONSTANT DEFINITIONS" below for more information on the constant tagsets defined by
       AppConfig.

       AppConfig is implemented using object-oriented methods.  A new AppConfig object is created
       and initialized using the new() method.  This returns a reference to a new AppConfig
       object.

           my $config = AppConfig->new();

       This will create and return a reference to a new AppConfig object.

       In doing so, the AppConfig object also creates an internal reference to an
       AppConfig::State object in which to store variable state.  All arguments passed into the
       AppConfig constructor are passed directly to the AppConfig::State constructor.

       The first (optional) parameter may be a reference to a hash array containing configuration
       information.

           my $config = AppConfig->new( {
                   CASE   => 1,
                   ERROR  => \&my_error,
                   GLOBAL => {
                           DEFAULT  => "<unset>",
                           ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_ONE,
                       },
               } );

       See AppConfig::State for full details of the configuration options available.  These are,
       in brief:

       CASE
           Used to set case sensitivity for variable names (default: off).

       CREATE
           Used to indicate that undefined variables should be created automatically (default:
           off).

       GLOBAL
           Reference to a hash array of global values used by default when defining variables.
           Valid global values are DEFAULT, ARGCOUNT, EXPAND, VALIDATE and ACTION.

       PEDANTIC
           Used to indicate that command line and configuration file parsing routines should
           return immediately on encountering an error.

       ERROR
           Used to provide a error handling routine.  Arguments as per printf().

       Subsequent parameters may be variable definitions.  These are passed to the define()
       method, described below in "DEFINING VARIABLES".

           my $config = AppConfig->new("foo", "bar", "baz");
           my $config = AppConfig->new( { CASE => 1 }, qw(foo bar baz) );

       Note that any unresolved method calls to AppConfig are automatically delegated to the
       AppConfig::State object.  In practice, it means that it is possible to treat the AppConfig
       object as if it were an AppConfig::State object:

           # create AppConfig
           my $config = AppConfig->new('foo', 'bar');

           # methods get passed through to internal AppConfig::State
           $config->foo(100);
           $config->set('bar', 200);
           $config->define('baz');
           $config->baz(300);

   DEFINING VARIABLES
       The "define()" method (delegated to AppConfig::State) is used to pre-declare a variable
       and specify its configuration.

           $config->define("foo");

       Variables may also be defined directly from the AppConfig new() constructor.

           my $config = AppConfig->new("foo");

       In both simple examples above, a new variable called "foo" is defined.  A reference to a
       hash array may also be passed to specify configuration information for the variable:

           $config->define("foo", {
                   DEFAULT   => 99,
                   ALIAS     => 'metavar1',
               });

       Configuration items specified in the GLOBAL option to the module constructor are applied
       by default when variables are created.  e.g.

           my $config = AppConfig->new( {
               GLOBAL => {
                   DEFAULT  => "<undef>",
                   ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_ONE,
               }
           } );

           $config->define("foo");
           $config->define("bar", { ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_NONE } );

       is equivalent to:

           my $config = AppConfig->new();

           $config->define( "foo", {
               DEFAULT  => "<undef>",
               ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_ONE,
           } );

           $config->define( "bar",
               DEFAULT  => "<undef>",
               ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_NONE,
           } );

       Multiple variables may be defined in the same call to define().  Configuration hashes for
       variables can be omitted.

           $config->define("foo", "bar" => { ALIAS = "boozer" }, "baz");

       See AppConfig::State for full details of the configuration options available when defining
       variables.  These are, in brief:

       DEFAULT
           The default value for the variable (default: undef).

       ALIAS
           One or more (list reference or "list|like|this") alternative names for the variable.

       ARGCOUNT
           Specifies the number and type of arguments that the variable expects.  Constants in
           ":argcount" tag set define ARGCOUNT_NONE - simple on/off flag (default), ARGCOUNT_ONE
           - single value, ARGCOUNT_LIST - multiple values accessed via list reference,
           ARGCOUNT_HASH - hash table, "key=value", accessed via hash reference.

       ARGS
           Used to provide an argument specification string to pass to Getopt::Long via
           AppConfig::Getopt.  E.g. "=i", ":s", "=s@".  This can also be used to implicitly set
           the ARGCOUNT value ("/^!/" = ARGCOUNT_NONE, "/@/" = ARGCOUNT_LIST, "/%/" =
           ARGCOUNT_HASH, "/[=:].*/" = ARGCOUNT_ONE)

       EXPAND
           Specifies which variable expansion policies should be used when parsing configuration
           files.  Constants in ":expand" tag set define:

               EXPAND_NONE - no expansion (default)
               EXPAND_VAR  - expand C<$var> or C<$(var)> as other variables
               EXPAND_UID  - expand C<~> and C<~uid> as user's home directory
               EXPAND_ENV - expand C<${var}> as environment variable
               EXPAND_ALL - do all expansions.

       VALIDATE
           Regex which the intended variable value should match or code reference which returns 1
           to indicate successful validation (variable may now be set).

       ACTION
           Code reference to be called whenever variable value changes.

   COMPACT FORMAT DEFINITION
       Variables can be specified using a compact format.  This is identical to the specification
       format of Getopt::Long and is of the form:

           "name|alias|alias<argopts>"

       The first element indicates the variable name and subsequent ALIAS values may be added,
       each separated by a vertical bar '|'.

       The <argopts> element indicates the ARGCOUNT value and may be one of the following;

           !                  ARGCOUNT_NONE
           =s                 ARGCOUNT_ONE
           =s@                ARGCOUNT_LIST
           =s%                ARGCOUNT_HASH

       Additional constructs supported by Getopt::Long may be specified instead of the "=s"
       element (e.g. "=f").  The entire <argopts> element is stored in the ARGS parameter for the
       variable and is passed intact to Getopt::Long when the getopt() method is called.

       The following examples demonstrate use of the compact format, with their equivalent full
       specifications:

           $config->define("foo|bar|baz!");

           $config->define(
                   "foo" => {
                       ALIAS    => "bar|baz",
                       ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_NONE,
                   });

           $config->define("name=s");

           $config->define(
                   "name" => {
                       ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_ONE,
                   });

           $config->define("file|filelist|f=s@");

           $config->define(
                   "file" => {
                       ALIAS    => "filelist|f",
                       ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_LIST,
                   });

           $config->define("user|u=s%");

           $config->define(
                   "user" => {
                       ALIAS    => "u",
                       ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_HASH,
                   });

       Additional configuration options may be specified by hash reference, as per normal.  The
       compact definition format will override any configuration values provided for ARGS and
       ARGCOUNT.

           $config->define("file|filelist|f=s@", { VALIDATE => \&check_file } );

   READING AND MODIFYING VARIABLE VALUES
       AppConfig defines two methods (via AppConfig::State) to manipulate variable values

           set($variable, $value);
           get($variable);

       Once defined, variables may be accessed directly as object methods where the method name
       is the same as the variable name.  i.e.

           $config->set("verbose", 1);

       is equivalent to

           $config->verbose(1);

       Note that AppConfig defines the following methods:

           new();
           file();
           args();
           getopt();

       And also, through delegation to AppConfig::State:

           define()
           get()
           set()
           varlist()

       If you define a variable with one of the above names, you will not be able to access it
       directly as an object method.  i.e.

           $config->file();

       This will call the file() method, instead of returning the value of the 'file' variable.
       You can work around this by explicitly calling get() and set() on a variable whose name
       conflicts:

           $config->get('file');

       or by defining a "safe" alias by which the variable can be accessed:

           $config->define("file", { ALIAS => "fileopt" });
       or
           $config->define("file|fileopt");

           ...
           $config->fileopt();

       Without parameters, the current value of the variable is returned.  If a parameter is
       specified, the variable is set to that value and the result of the set() operation is
       returned.

           $config->age(29);        # sets 'age' to 29, returns 1 (ok)
           print $config->age();    # prints "29"

       The varlist() method can be used to extract a number of variables into a hash array.  The
       first parameter should be a regular expression used for matching against the variable
       names.

           my %vars = $config->varlist("^file");   # all "file*" variables

       A second parameter may be specified (any true value) to indicate that the part of the
       variable name matching the regex should be removed when copied to the target hash.

           $config->file_name("/tmp/file");
           $config->file_path("/foo:/bar:/baz");

           my %vars = $config->varlist("^file_", 1);

           # %vars:
           #    name => /tmp/file
           #    path => "/foo:/bar:/baz"

   READING CONFIGURATION FILES
       The AppConfig module provides a streamlined interface for reading configuration files with
       the AppConfig::File module.  The file() method automatically loads the AppConfig::File
       module and creates an object to process the configuration file or files.  Variables stored
       in the internal AppConfig::State are automatically updated with values specified in the
       configuration file.

           $config->file($filename);

       Multiple files may be passed to file() and should indicate the file name or be a reference
       to an open file handle or glob.

           $config->file($filename, $filehandle, \*STDIN, ...);

       The file may contain blank lines and comments (prefixed by '#') which are ignored.
       Continutation lines may be marked by ending the line with a '\'.

           # this is a comment
           callsign = alpha bravo camel delta echo foxtrot golf hipowls \
                      india juliet kilo llama mike november oscar papa  \
                      quebec romeo sierra tango umbrella victor whiskey \
                      x-ray yankee zebra

       Variables that are simple flags and do not expect an argument (ARGCOUNT = ARGCOUNT_NONE)
       can be specified without any value.  They will be set with the value 1, with any value
       explicitly specified (except "0" and "off") being ignored.  The variable may also be
       specified with a "no" prefix to implicitly set the variable to 0.

           verbose                              # on  (1)
           verbose = 1                          # on  (1)
           verbose = 0                          # off (0)
           verbose off                          # off (0)
           verbose on                           # on  (1)
           verbose mumble                       # on  (1)
           noverbose                            # off (0)

       Variables that expect an argument (ARGCOUNT = ARGCOUNT_ONE) will be set to whatever
       follows the variable name, up to the end of the current line (including any continuation
       lines).  An optional equals sign may be inserted between the variable and value for
       clarity.

           room = /home/kitchen
           room   /home/bedroom

       Each subsequent re-definition of the variable value overwrites the previous value.

           print $config->room();               # prints "/home/bedroom"

       Variables may be defined to accept multiple values (ARGCOUNT = ARGCOUNT_LIST).  Each
       subsequent definition of the variable adds the value to the list of previously set values
       for the variable.

           drink = coffee
           drink = tea

       A reference to a list of values is returned when the variable is requested.

           my $beverages = $config->drink();
           print join(", ", @$beverages);      # prints "coffee, tea"

       Variables may also be defined as hash lists (ARGCOUNT = ARGCOUNT_HASH).  Each subsequent
       definition creates a new key and value in the hash array.

           alias l="ls -CF"
           alias e="emacs"

       A reference to the hash is returned when the variable is requested.

           my $aliases = $config->alias();
           foreach my $k (keys %$aliases) {
               print "$k => $aliases->{ $k }\n";
           }

       The '-' prefix can be used to reset a variable to its default value and the '+' prefix can
       be used to set it to 1

           -verbose
           +debug

   VARIABLE EXPANSION
       Variable values may contain references to other AppConfig variables, environment variables
       and/or users' home directories.  These will be expanded depending on the EXPAND value for
       each variable or the GLOBAL EXPAND value.

       Three different expansion types may be applied:

           bin = ~/bin          # expand '~' to home dir if EXPAND_UID
           tmp = ~abw/tmp       # as above, but home dir for user 'abw'

           perl = $bin/perl     # expand value of 'bin' variable if EXPAND_VAR
           ripl = $(bin)/ripl   # as above with explicit parens

           home = ${HOME}       # expand HOME environment var if EXPAND_ENV

       See AppConfig::State for more information on expanding variable values.

       The configuration files may have variables arranged in blocks.  A block header, consisting
       of the block name in square brackets, introduces a configuration block.  The block name
       and an underscore are then prefixed to the names of all variables subsequently referenced
       in that block.  The block continues until the next block definition or to the end of the
       current file.

           [block1]
           foo = 10             # block1_foo = 10

           [block2]
           foo = 20             # block2_foo = 20

   PARSING COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
       There are two methods for processing command line options.  The first, args(), is a small
       and efficient implementation which offers basic functionality.  The second, getopt(),
       offers a more powerful and complete facility by delegating the task to Johan Vroman's
       Getopt::Long module.  The trade-off between args() and getopt() is essentially one of
       speed/size against flexibility.  Use as appropriate.  Both implement on-demand loading of
       modules and incur no overhead until used.

       The args() method is used to parse simple command line options.  It automatically loads
       the AppConfig::Args module and creates an object to process the command line arguments.
       Variables stored in the internal AppConfig::State are automatically updated with values
       specified in the arguments.

       The method should be passed a reference to a list of arguments to parse.  The @ARGV array
       is used if args() is called without parameters.

           $config->args(\@myargs);
           $config->args();               # uses @ARGV

       Arguments are read and shifted from the array until the first is encountered that is not
       prefixed by '-' or '--'.  At that point, the method returns 1 to indicate success, leaving
       any unprocessed arguments remaining in the list.

       Each argument should be the name or alias of a variable prefixed by '-' or '--'.
       Arguments that are not prefixed as such (and are not an additional parameter to a previous
       argument) will cause a warning to be raised.  If the PEDANTIC option is set, the method
       will return 0 immediately.  With PEDANTIC unset (default), the method will continue to
       parse the rest of the arguments, returning 0 when done.

       If the variable is a simple flag (ARGCOUNT = ARGCOUNT_NONE) then it is set to the value 1.
       The variable may be prefixed by "no" to set its value to 0.

           myprog -verbose --debug -notaste     # $config->verbose(1)
                                                # $config->debug(1)
                                                # $config->taste(0)

       Variables that expect an additional argument (ARGCOUNT != 0) will be set to the value of
       the argument following it.

           myprog -f /tmp/myfile                # $config->file('/tmp/file');

       Variables that expect multiple values (ARGCOUNT = ARGCOUNT_LIST or ARGCOUNT_HASH) will
       have successive values added each time the option is encountered.

           myprog -file /tmp/foo -file /tmp/bar # $config->file('/tmp/foo')
                                                # $config->file('/tmp/bar')

           # file => [ '/tmp/foo', '/tmp/bar' ]

           myprog -door "jim=Jim Morrison" -door "ray=Ray Manzarek"
                                           # $config->door("jim=Jim Morrison");
                                           # $config->door("ray=Ray Manzarek");

           # door => { 'jim' => 'Jim Morrison', 'ray' => 'Ray Manzarek' }

       See AppConfig::Args for further details on parsing command line arguments.

       The getopt() method provides a way to use the power and flexibility of the Getopt::Long
       module to parse command line arguments and have the internal values of the AppConfig
       object updates automatically.

       The first (non-list reference) parameters may contain a number of configuration string to
       pass to Getopt::Long::Configure.  A reference to a list of arguments may additionally be
       passed or @ARGV is used by default.

           $config->getopt();                       # uses @ARGV
           $config->getopt(\@myargs);
           $config->getopt(qw(auto_abbrev debug));  # uses @ARGV
           $config->getopt(qw(debug), \@myargs);

       See Getopt::Long for details of the configuration options available.

       The getopt() method constructs a specification string for each internal variable and then
       initializes Getopt::Long with these values.  The specification string is constructed from
       the name, any aliases (delimited by a vertical bar '|') and the value of the ARGS
       parameter.

           $config->define("foo", {
               ARGS  => "=i",
               ALIAS => "bar|baz",
           });

           # Getopt::Long specification: "foo|bar|baz=i"

       Errors and warning generated by the Getopt::Long module are trapped and handled by the
       AppConfig error handler.  This may be a user-defined routine installed with the ERROR
       configuration option.

       Please note that the AppConfig::Getopt interface is still experimental and may not be 100%
       operational.  This is almost undoubtedly due to problems in AppConfig::Getopt rather than
       Getopt::Long.

   PARSING CGI PARAMETERS
       The cgi() method provides an interface to the AppConfig::CGI module for updating variable
       values based on the parameters appended to the URL for a CGI script.  This is commonly
       known as the CGI "GET" method.  The CGI "POST" method is currently not supported.

       Parameter definitions are separated from the CGI script name by a question mark and from
       each other by ampersands.  Where variables have specific values, these are appended to the
       variable with an equals sign:

           http://www.here.com/cgi-bin/myscript?foo=bar&baz=qux&verbose

               # $config->foo('bar');
               # $config->baz('qux');
               # $config->verbose(1);

       Certain values specified in a URL must be escaped in the appropriate manner (see CGI
       specifications at http://www.w3c.org/ for full details).  The AppConfig::CGI module
       automatically unescapes the CGI query string to restore the parameters to their intended
       values.

           http://where.com/mycgi?title=%22The+Wrong+Trousers%22

           # $config->title('"The Wrong Trousers"');

       Please be considerate of the security implications of providing writable access to script
       variables via CGI.

           http://rebel.alliance.com/cgi-bin/...
               .../send_report?file=%2Fetc%2Fpasswd&email=darth%40empire.com

       To avoid any accidental or malicious changing of "private" variables, define only the
       "public" variables before calling the cgi() (or any other) method.  Further variables can
       subsequently be defined which can not be influenced by the CGI parameters.

           $config->define('verbose', 'debug')
           $config->cgi();             # can only set verbose and debug

           $config->define('email', 'file');
           $config->file($cfgfile);    # can set verbose, debug, email + file

CONSTANT DEFINITIONS

       A number of constants are defined by the AppConfig module.  These may be accessed directly
       (e.g. AppConfig::EXPAND_VARS) or by first importing them into the caller's package.
       Constants are imported by specifying their names as arguments to "use AppConfig" or by
       importing a set of constants identified by its "tag set" name.

           use AppConfig qw(ARGCOUNT_NONE ARGCOUNT_ONE);

           use AppConfig qw(:argcount);

       The following tag sets are defined:

       :expand
           The ':expand' tagset defines the following constants:

               EXPAND_NONE
               EXPAND_VAR
               EXPAND_UID
               EXPAND_ENV
               EXPAND_ALL       # EXPAND_VAR | EXPAND_UID | EXPAND_ENV
               EXPAND_WARN

           See AppConfig::File for full details of the use of these constants.

       :argcount
           The ':argcount' tagset defines the following constants:

               ARGCOUNT_NONE
               ARGCOUNT_ONE
               ARGCOUNT_LIST
               ARGCOUNT_HASH

           See AppConfig::State for full details of the use of these constants.

REPOSITORY

       <https://github.com/neilbowers/AppConfig>

AUTHOR

       Andy Wardley, <abw@wardley.org>

       With contributions from Dave Viner, Ijon Tichy, Axel Gerstmair and many others whose names
       have been lost to the sands of time (reminders welcome).

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 1997-2007 Andy Wardley.  All Rights Reserved.

       Copyright (C) 1997,1998 Canon Research Centre Europe Ltd.

       This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself.

SEE ALSO

       AppConfig::State, AppConfig::File, AppConfig::Args, AppConfig::Getopt, AppConfig::CGI,
       Getopt::Long