Provided by: libgd-perl_2.78-1build3_amd64 bug

NAME

       GD.pm - Interface to Gd Graphics Library

SYNOPSIS

           use GD;

           # create a new image
           $im = GD::Image->new(100,100);

           # allocate some colors
           $white = $im->colorAllocate(255,255,255);
           $black = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,0);
           $red = $im->colorAllocate(255,0,0);
           $blue = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,255);

           # make the background transparent and interlaced
           $im->transparent($white);
           $im->interlaced('true');

           # Put a black frame around the picture
           $im->rectangle(0,0,99,99,$black);

           # Draw a blue oval
           $im->arc(50,50,95,75,0,360,$blue);

           # And fill it with red
           $im->fill(50,50,$red);

           # make sure we are writing to a binary stream
           binmode STDOUT;

           # Convert the image to PNG and print it on standard output
           print $im->png;

DESCRIPTION

       GD.pm is a Perl interface to Thomas Boutell's gd graphics library (version 2.01 or higher;
       see below). GD allows you to create color drawings using a large number of graphics
       primitives, and emit the drawings as PNG files.

       GD defines the following four classes:

       "GD::Image"
            An image class, which holds the image data and accepts graphic primitive method
            calls.

       "GD::Font"
            A font class, which holds static font information and used for text rendering.

       "GD::Polygon"
            A simple polygon object, used for storing lists of vertices prior to rendering a
            polygon into an image.

       "GD::Simple"
            A "simple" class that simplifies the GD::Image API and then adds a set of object-
            oriented drawing methods using turtle graphics, simplified font handling, ability to
            work in polar coordinates, HSV color spaces, and human-readable color names like
            "lightblue". Please see GD::Simple for a description of these methods.

       A Simple Example:

               #!/usr/bin/perl

               use GD;

               # create a new image
               $im = GD::Image->new(100,100);

               # allocate some colors
               $white = $im->colorAllocate(255,255,255);
               $black = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,0);
               $red = $im->colorAllocate(255,0,0);
               $blue = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,255);

               # make the background transparent and interlaced
               $im->transparent($white);
               $im->interlaced('true');

               # Put a black frame around the picture
               $im->rectangle(0,0,99,99,$black);

               # Draw a blue oval
               $im->arc(50,50,95,75,0,360,$blue);

               # And fill it with red
               $im->fill(50,50,$red);

               # make sure we are writing to a binary stream
               binmode STDOUT;

               # Convert the image to PNG and print it on standard output
               print $im->png;

       Notes:

       1. To create a new, empty image, send a new() message to GD::Image, passing it the width
       and height of the image you want to create.  An image object will be returned.  Other
       class methods allow you to initialize an image from a preexisting JPG, PNG, GD, GD2, XBM
       or other supported image files.
       2. Next you will ordinarily add colors to the image's color table. colors are added using
       a colorAllocate() method call.  The three parameters in each call are the red, green and
       blue (rgb) triples for the desired color.  The method returns the index of that color in
       the image's color table.  You should store these indexes for later use.
       3. Now you can do some drawing!  The various graphics primitives are described below.  In
       this example, we do some text drawing, create an oval, and create and draw a polygon.
       4. Polygons are created with a new() message to GD::Polygon.  You can add points to the
       returned polygon one at a time using the addPt() method. The polygon can then be passed to
       an image for rendering.
       5. When you're done drawing, you can convert the image into PNG format by sending it a
       png() message (or any other supported image format).  It will return a (potentially large)
       scalar value containing the binary data for the image.  Ordinarily you will print it out
       at this point or write it to a file.  To ensure portability to platforms that
       differentiate between text and binary files, be sure to call binmode() on the file you are
       writing the image to.

Object Constructors: Creating Images

       See GD::Image for the current list of supported Image formats.

       The following class methods allow you to create new GD::Image objects.

       $image = GD::Image->new([$width,$height],[$truecolor])
       $image = GD::Image->new(*FILEHANDLE)
       $image = GD::Image->new($filename)
       $image = GD::Image->new($data)
           The new() method is the main constructor for the GD::Image class.  Called with two
           integer arguments, it creates a new blank image of the specified width and height. For
           example:

                   $myImage = GD::Image->new(100,100) || die;

           This will create an image that is 100 x 100 pixels wide.  If you don't specify the
           dimensions, a default of 64 x 64 will be chosen.

           The optional third argument, $truecolor, tells new() to create a truecolor GD::Image
           object.  Truecolor images have 24 bits of color data (eight bits each in the red,
           green and blue channels respectively), allowing for precise photograph-quality color
           usage.  If not specified, the image will use an 8-bit palette for compatibility with
           older versions of libgd.

           Alternatively, you may create a GD::Image object based on an existing image by
           providing an open filehandle, a filename, or the image data itself.  The image formats
           automatically recognized and accepted are: GIF, PNG, JPEG, XBM, XPM, BMP, GD2, TIFF,
           WEBP, HEIF or AVIF. Other formats, including WBMP, and GD version 1, cannot be
           recognized automatically at this time.

           If something goes wrong (e.g. insufficient memory), this call will return undef.

       $image = GD::Image->trueColor([0,1])
           For backwards compatibility with scripts previous versions of GD, new images created
           from scratch (width, height) are palette based by default.  To change this default to
           create true color images use:

                   GD::Image->trueColor(1);

           before creating new images.  To switch back to palette based by default, use:

                   GD::Image->trueColor(0);

       $image = GD::Image->newPalette([$width,$height])
       $image = GD::Image->newTrueColor([$width,$height])
           The newPalette() and newTrueColor() methods can be used to explicitly create an
           palette based or true color image regardless of the current setting of trueColor().

       $image = GD::Image->newFromPng($file, [$truecolor])
       $image = GD::Image->newFromPngData($data, [$truecolor])
           The newFromPng() method will create an image from a PNG file read in through the
           provided filehandle or file path.  The filehandle must previously have been opened on
           a valid PNG file or pipe.  If successful, this call will return an initialized image
           which you can then manipulate as you please.  If it fails, which usually happens if
           the thing at the other end of the filehandle is not a valid PNG file, the call returns
           undef.  Notice that the call doesn't automatically close the filehandle for you.  But
           it does call binmode(FILEHANDLE) for you, on platforms where this matters.

           You may use any of the following as the argument:

             1) a simple filehandle, such as STDIN
             2) a filehandle glob, such as *PNG
             3) a reference to a glob, such as \*PNG
             4) an IO::Handle object
             5) the pathname of a file

           In the latter case, newFromPng() will attempt to open the file for you and read the
           PNG information from it.

             Example1:

             open (PNG,"barnswallow.png") || die;
             $myImage = GD::Image->newFromPng(\*PNG) || die;
             close PNG;

             Example2:
             $myImage = GD::Image->newFromPng('barnswallow.png');

           To get information about the size and color usage of the information, you can call the
           image query methods described below. Images created by reading PNG images will be
           truecolor if the image file itself is truecolor. To force the image to be palette-
           based, pass a value of 0 in the optional $truecolor argument.

           The newFromPngData() method will create a new GD::Image initialized with the PNG
           format data contained in $data.

       $image = GD::Image->newFromJpeg($file, [$truecolor])
       $image = GD::Image->newFromJpegData($data, [$truecolor])
           These methods will create an image from a JPEG file.  They work just like newFromPng()
           and newFromPngData(), and will accept the same filehandle and pathname arguments.

           Images created by reading JPEG images will always be truecolor.  To force the image to
           be palette-based, pass a value of 0 in the optional $truecolor argument.

       $image = GD::Image->newFromGif($file, [$truecolor])
       $image = GD::Image->newFromGifData($data)
           These methods will create an image from a GIF file.  They work just like newFromPng()
           and newFromPngData(), and will accept the same filehandle and pathname arguments.

           Images created from GIFs are always 8-bit palette images. To convert to truecolor, you
           must create a truecolor image and then perform a copy.

       $image = GD::Image->newFromXbm($file, [$truecolor])
           This works in exactly the same way as "newFromPng", but reads the contents of an X
           Bitmap (black & white) file:

                   open (XBM,"coredump.xbm") || die;
                   $myImage = GD::Image->newFromXbm(\*XBM) || die;
                   close XBM;

           There is no newFromXbmData() function, because there is no corresponding function in
           the gd library.

       $image = GD::Image->newFromWBMP($file)
           This works in exactly the same way as "newFromPng", but reads the contents of a
           Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap (WBMP) file:

                   open (WBMP,"coredump.wbmp") || die;
                   $myImage = GD::Image->newFromWBMP(\*WBMP) || die;
                   close WBMP;

           There is no newFromWBMPData() function, because there is no corresponding function in
           the gd library.

       $image = GD::Image->newFromBmp($file)
           This works in exactly the same way as "newFromPng", but reads the contents of a
           Windows Bitmap (BMP) file:

                   open (BMP,"coredump.bmp") || die;
                   $myImage = GD::Image->newFromBmp(\*BMP) || die;
                   close BMP;

           There is no newFromBmpData() function, because there is no corresponding function in
           the gd library.

       $image = GD::Image->newFromGd($file)
       $image = GD::Image->newFromGdData($data)
           NOTE: GD and GD2 support was dropped witn libgd 2.3.2.

           These methods initialize a GD::Image from a Gd file, filehandle, or data.  Gd is Tom
           Boutell's disk-based storage format, intended for the rare case when you need to read
           and write the image to disk quickly.  It's not intended for regular use, because,
           unlike PNG or JPEG, no image compression is performed and these files can become BIG.

                   $myImage = GD::Image->newFromGd("godzilla.gd") || die;
                   close GDF;

       $image = GD::Image->newFromGd2($file)
       $image = GD::Image->newFromGd2Data($data)
           NOTE: GD and GD2 support was dropped witn libgd 2.3.2.

           This works in exactly the same way as newFromGd() and newFromGdData, but use the new
           compressed GD2 image format.

       $image = GD::Image->newFromGd2Part($file,srcX,srcY,width,height)
           This class method allows you to read in just a portion of a GD2 image file.  In
           addition to a filehandle, it accepts the top-left corner and dimensions (width,height)
           of the region of the image to read.  For example:

                   open (GDF,"godzilla.gd2") || die;
                   $myImage = GD::Image->newFromGd2Part(\*GDF,10,20,100,100) || die;
                   close GDF;

           This reads a 100x100 square portion of the image starting from position (10,20).

       $image = GD::Image->newFromXpm($filename)
           This creates a new GD::Image object starting from a filename.  This is unlike the
           other newFrom() functions because it does not take a filehandle.  This difference
           comes from an inconsistency in the underlying gd library.

                   $myImage = GD::Image->newFromXpm('earth.xpm') || die;

           This function is only available if libgd was compiled with XPM support.

           NOTE: The libgd library is unable to read certain XPM files, returning an all-black
           image instead.

       $bool = GD::supportsFileType($filename, $is_writing)
           This returns a TRUE or FALSE value, if libgd supports reading or when the 2nd argument
           is 1, if libgd supports writing the given filetype, depending on the filename
           extension. Only with libgd versions >= gd-2.1.1.

           Assuming LibGD is compiled with support for these image types, the following
           extensions are supported:

               .gif
               .gd, .gd2
               .wbmp
               .bmp
               .xbm
               .tga
               .png
               .jpg, .jpeg
               .tiff, .tif
               .webp
               .heic, .heix
               .avif
               .xpm

           Filenames are parsed case-insensitively.  .avifs is not yet suppurted upstream in
           libavif.

GD::Image Methods

       Once a GD::Image object is created, you can draw with it, copy it, and merge two images.
       When you are finished manipulating the object, you can convert it into a standard image
       file format to output or save to a file.

   Image Data Output Methods
       The following methods convert the internal drawing format into standard output file
       formats.

       $pngdata = $image->png([$compression_level])
           This returns the image data in PNG format.  You can then print it, pipe it to a
           display program, or write it to a file.  Example:

                   $png_data = $myImage->png;
                   open (DISPLAY,"| display -") || die;
                   binmode DISPLAY;
                   print DISPLAY $png_data;
                   close DISPLAY;

           Note the use of binmode().  This is crucial for portability to DOSish platforms.

           The optional $compression_level argument controls the amount of compression to apply
           to the output PNG image.  Values range from 0-9, where 0 means no compression (largest
           files, highest quality) and 9 means maximum compression (smallest files, worst
           quality).  A compression level of -1 uses the default compression level selected when
           zlib was compiled on your system, and is the same as calling png() with no argument.
           Be careful not to confuse this argument with the jpeg() quality argument, which ranges
           from 0-100 and has the opposite meaning from compression (higher numbers give higher
           quality).

       $gifdata = $image->gifanimbegin([$GlobalCM [, $Loops]])
           For libgd version 2.0.33 and higher, this call begins an animated GIF by returning the
           data that comprises animated gif image file header.  After you call this method, call
           gifanimadd() one or more times to add the frames of the image. Then call gifanimend().
           Each frame must be the same width and height.

           A typical sequence will look like this:

             my $gifdata = $image->gifanimbegin;
             $gifdata   .= $image->gifanimadd;    # first frame
             for (1..100) {
                # make a frame of right size
                my $frame  = GD::Image->new($image->getBounds);
                add_frame_data($frame);              # add the data for this frame
                $gifdata   .= $frame->gifanimadd;     # add frame
             }
             $gifdata   .= $image->gifanimend;   # finish the animated GIF
             print $gifdata;                     # write animated gif to STDOUT

           If you do not wish to store the data in memory, you can print it to stdout or a file.

           The image that you call gifanimbegin on is used to set the image size, color
           resolution and color map.  If argument $GlobalCM is 1, the image color map becomes the
           GIF89a global color map.  If $Loops is given and >= 0, the NETSCAPE2.0 application
           extension is created, with looping count.  Looping count 0 means forever.

       $gifdata = $image->gifanimadd([$LocalCM [, $LeftOfs [, $TopOfs [, $Delay [, $Disposal [,
       $previm]]]]]])
           Returns the data that comprises one animated gif image frame.  You can then print it,
           pipe it to a display program, or write it to a file.  With $LeftOfs and $TopOfs you
           can place this frame in different offset than (0,0) inside the image screen.  Delay
           between the previous frame and this frame is in 1/100s units.  Disposal is usually and
           by default 1.  Compression is activated by giving the previous image as a parameter.
           This function then compares the images and only writes the changed pixels to the new
           frame in animation.  The Disposal parameter for optimized animations must be set to 1,
           also for the first frame.  $LeftOfs and $TopOfs parameters are ignored for optimized
           frames.

       $gifdata = $image->gifanimend()
           Returns the data for end segment of animated gif file.  It always returns string ';'.
           This string must be printed to an animated gif file after all image frames to properly
           terminate it according to GIF file syntax.  Image object is not used at all in this
           method.

       $jpegdata = $image->jpeg([$quality])
           This returns the image data in JPEG format.  You can then print it, pipe it to a
           display program, or write it to a file.  You may pass an optional quality score to
           jpeg() in order to control the JPEG quality.  This should be an integer between 0 and
           100.  Higher quality scores give larger files and better image quality.  If you don't
           specify the quality, jpeg() will choose a good default.

       $gifdata = $image->gif().
           This returns the image data in GIF format.  You can then print it, pipe it to a
           display program, or write it to a file.

       $gddata = $image->gd
           This returns the image data in GD format.  You can then print it, pipe it to a display
           program, or write it to a file.  Example:

                   binmode MYOUTFILE;
                   print MYOUTFILE $myImage->gd;

       $gd2data = $image->gd2
           Same as gd(), except that it returns the data in compressed GD2 format.

       $bmpdata = $image->bmp([$compression])
           This returns the image data in BMP format, which is a Windows Bitmap.  If compression
           is set to 1, it will use RLE compression on the pixel data; otherwise, setting it to 0
           (the default) will leave the BMP pixel data uncompressed.

       $wbmpdata = $image->wbmp([$foreground])
           This returns the image data in WBMP format, which is a black-and-white image format.
           Provide the index of the color to become the foreground color.  All other pixels will
           be considered background.

       $tiffdata = $image->tiff()
           This returns the image data in TIFF format.

       $webpdata = $image->webp([$quality])
           This returns the image data in WEBP format, with the optional quality argument.  The
           default is 80, also chosen by the value -1.  A quality value of >= 101 is considered
           Lossless.

       $webpdata = $image->heif([$quality])
           This returns the truecolor image data in HEIF format, with the optional quality and
           speed arguments.  If truecolor is not set, this fails.  The default quality is 80,
           also chosen by the value -1.  A quality value of 200 is considered Lossless.

       $webpdata = $image->avif([$quality,$speed])
           This returns the truecolor image data in AVIF format, with the AVif encoder and 444
           chroma, and the optional quality argument.  If truecolor is not set, this fails.  The
           default compression quality 1-100 is -1, the default speed 0-10 is 6.

       $success = $image->_file($filename)
           Writes an image to a file in the format indicated by the filename, with libgd versions
           >= gd-2.1.1.

           File type is determined by the extension of the file name.  See "supportsFiletype" for
           an overview of the parsing.

           For file types that require extra arguments, "_file" attempts to use sane defaults:

             C<gdImageGd2> chunk size = 0, compression is enabled.
             C<gdImageJpeg>        quality = -1 (i.e. the reasonable default)
             C<gdImageWBMP>        foreground is the darkest available color
             C<gdImageWEBP>        quality default
             C<gdImageHEIF>        quality default, codes = HEVC, chroma = 444
             C<gdImageAVIF>        quality default, speed = 6

           Everything else is called with the two-argument function and so will use the default
           values.

           "_file" and the underlying libgd "gdImageFile" has some rudimentary error detection
           and will return FALSE (0) if a detectable error occurred.  However, the image loaders
           do not normally return their error status so a result of TRUE (1) does **not** mean
           the file was saved successfully.

   Color Control
       These methods allow you to control and manipulate the GD::Image color table for palette,
       non-truecolor images.

       $index = $image->colorAllocate(red,green,blue)
           This allocates a color with the specified red, green and blue components and returns
           its index in the color table, if specified.  The first color allocated in this way
           becomes the image's background color.  (255,255,255) is white (all pixels on).
           (0,0,0) is black (all pixels off).  (255,0,0) is fully saturated red.  (127,127,127)
           is 50% gray.  You can find plenty of examples in /usr/X11/lib/X11/rgb.txt.

           If no colors are allocated, then this function returns -1.

           Example:

                   $black = $myImage->colorAllocate(0,0,0); #background color
                   $white = $myImage->colorAllocate(255,255,255);
                   $peachpuff = $myImage->colorAllocate(255,218,185);

       $index = $image->colorAllocateAlpha(reg,green,blue,alpha)
           This allocates a color with the specified red, green, and blue components, plus the
           specified alpha channel.  The alpha value may range from 0 (opaque) to 127
           (transparent).  The "alphaBlending" function changes the way this alpha channel
           affects the resulting image.

       $image->colorDeallocate(colorIndex)
           This marks the color at the specified index as being ripe for reallocation.  The next
           time colorAllocate is used, this entry will be replaced.  You can call this method
           several times to deallocate multiple colors.  There's no function result from this
           call.

           Example:

                   $myImage->colorDeallocate($peachpuff);
                   $peachy = $myImage->colorAllocate(255,210,185);

       $index = $image->colorClosest(red,green,blue)
           This returns the index of the color closest in the color table to the red green and
           blue components specified.  If no colors have yet been allocated, then this call
           returns -1.

           Example:

                   $apricot = $myImage->colorClosest(255,200,180);

       $index = $image->colorClosestAlpha(red,green,blue,alpha)
           This returns the index of the color closest in the color table to the red green blue
           and alpha components specified.  If no colors have yet been allocated, then this call
           returns -1.

           Example:

                   $apricot = $myImage->colorClosestAlpha(255,200,180,0);

       $index = $image->colorClosestHWB(red,green,blue)
           This also attempts to return the color closest in the color table to the red green and
           blue components specified. It uses a Hue/White/Black color representation to make the
           selected color more likely to match human perceptions of similar colors.

           If no colors have yet been allocated, then this call returns -1.

           Example:

                   $mostred = $myImage->colorClosestHWB(255,0,0);

       $index = $image->colorExact(red,green,blue)
           This returns the index of a color that exactly matches the specified red green and
           blue components.  If such a color is not in the color table, this call returns -1.

                   $rosey = $myImage->colorExact(255,100,80);
                   warn "Everything's coming up roses.\n" if $rosey >= 0;

       $index = $image->colorExactAlpha(red,green,blue,alpha)
           This returns the index of a color that exactly matches the specified red green blue
           and alpha components.  If such a color is not in the color table, this call returns
           -1.

                   $rosey = $myImage->colorExactAlpha(255,100,80,0);
                   warn "Everything's coming up roses.\n" if $rosey >= 0;

       $index = $image->colorResolve(red,green,blue)
           This returns the index of a color that exactly matches the specified red green and
           blue components.  If such a color is not in the color table and there is room, then
           this method allocates the color in the color table and returns its index.

                   $rosey = $myImage->colorResolve(255,100,80);
                   warn "Everything's coming up roses.\n" if $rosey >= 0;

       $index = $image->colorResolveAlpha(red,green,blue,alpha)
           This returns the index of a color that exactly matches the specified red green blue
           and alpha components.  If such a color is not in the color table and there is room,
           then this method allocates the color in the color table and returns its index.

                   $rosey = $myImage->colorResolveAlpha(255,100,80,0);
                   warn "Everything's coming up roses.\n" if $rosey >= 0;

       $colorsTotal = $image->colorsTotal object method
           This returns the total number of colors allocated in the object.

                   $maxColors = $myImage->colorsTotal;

           In the case of a TrueColor image, this call will return undef.

       $index = $image->getPixel(x,y) object method
           This returns the color table index underneath the specified point.  It can be combined
           with rgb() to obtain the rgb color underneath the pixel.

           Example:

                   $index = $myImage->getPixel(20,100);
                   ($r,$g,$b) = $myImage->rgb($index);

       ($red,$green,$blue) = $image->rgb($index)
           This returns a list containing the red, green and blue components of the specified
           color index.

           Example:

                   @RGB = $myImage->rgb($peachy);

       ($alpha) = $image->alpha($index)
           This returns an item containing the alpha component of the specified color index.

           Example:

                   @RGB = $myImage->rgb($peachy);

       $image->transparent($colorIndex)
           This marks the color at the specified index as being transparent.  Portions of the
           image drawn in this color will be invisible.  This is useful for creating paintbrushes
           of odd shapes, as well as for making PNG backgrounds transparent for displaying on the
           Web.  Only one color can be transparent at any time. To disable transparency, specify
           -1 for the index.

           If you call this method without any parameters, it will return the current index of
           the transparent color, or -1 if none.

           Example:

                   open(PNG,"test.png");
                   $im = GD::Image->newFromPng(PNG);
                   $white = $im->colorClosest(255,255,255); # find white
                   $im->transparent($white);
                   binmode STDOUT;
                   print $im->png;

   Special Colors
       GD implements a number of special colors that can be used to achieve special effects.
       They are constants defined in the GD:: namespace, but automatically exported into your
       namespace when the GD module is loaded.

       $image->setBrush($image)
           You can draw lines and shapes using a brush pattern.  Brushes are just palette, not
           TrueColor, images that you can create and manipulate in the usual way. When you draw
           with them, their contents are used for the color and shape of the lines.

           To make a brushed line, you must create or load the brush first, then assign it to the
           image using setBrush().  You can then draw in that with that brush using the gdBrushed
           special color.  It's often useful to set the background of the brush to transparent so
           that the non-colored parts don't overwrite other parts of your image.

           Example:

                   # Create a brush at an angle
                   $diagonal_brush = GD::Image->new(5,5);
                   $white = $diagonal_brush->colorAllocate(255,255,255);
                   $black = $diagonal_brush->colorAllocate(0,0,0);
                   $diagonal_brush->transparent($white);
                   $diagonal_brush->line(0,4,4,0,$black); # NE diagonal

                   # Set the brush
                   $myImage->setBrush($diagonal_brush);

                   # Draw a circle using the brush
                   $myImage->arc(50,50,25,25,0,360,gdBrushed);

       $image->setThickness($thickness)
           Lines drawn with line(), rectangle(), arc(), and so forth are 1 pixel thick by
           default.  Call setThickness() to change the line drawing width.

       $image->setStyle(@colors)
           Styled lines consist of an arbitrary series of repeated colors and are useful for
           generating dotted and dashed lines.  To create a styled line, use setStyle() to
           specify a repeating series of colors.  It accepts an array consisting of one or more
           color indexes.  Then draw using the gdStyled special color.  Another special color,
           gdTransparent can be used to introduce holes in the line, as the example shows.

           Example:

                   # Set a style consisting of 4 pixels of yellow,
                   # 4 pixels of blue, and a 2 pixel gap
                   $myImage->setStyle($yellow,$yellow,$yellow,$yellow,
                                      $blue,$blue,$blue,$blue,
                                      gdTransparent,gdTransparent);
                   $myImage->arc(50,50,25,25,0,360,gdStyled);

           To combine the "gdStyled" and "gdBrushed" behaviors, you can specify
           "gdStyledBrushed".  In this case, a pixel from the current brush pattern is rendered
           wherever the color specified in setStyle() is neither gdTransparent nor 0.

       gdTiled
           Draw filled shapes and flood fills using a pattern.  The pattern is just another
           image.  The image will be tiled multiple times in order to fill the required space,
           creating wallpaper effects.  You must call "setTile" in order to define the particular
           tile pattern you'll use for drawing when you specify the gdTiled color.  details.

       gdStyled
           The gdStyled color is used for creating dashed and dotted lines.  A styled line can
           contain any series of colors and is created using the setStyled() command.

       gdAntiAliased
           The "gdAntiAliased" color is used for drawing lines with antialiasing turned on.
           Antialiasing will blend the jagged edges of lines with the background, creating a
           smoother look.  The actual color drawn is set with setAntiAliased().

       $image->setAntiAliased($color)
           "Antialiasing" is a process by which jagged edges associated with line drawing can be
           reduced by blending the foreground color with an appropriate percentage of the
           background, depending on how much of the pixel in question is actually within the
           boundaries of the line being drawn. All line-drawing methods, such as line() and
           polygon, will draw antialiased lines if the special "color" gdAntiAliased is used when
           calling them.

           setAntiAliased() is used to specify the actual foreground color to be used when
           drawing antialiased lines. You may set any color to be the foreground, however as of
           libgd version 2.0.12 an alpha channel component is not supported.

           Antialiased lines can be drawn on both truecolor and palette-based images. However,
           attempts to draw antialiased lines on highly complex palette-based backgrounds may not
           give satisfactory results, due to the limited number of colors available in the
           palette. Antialiased line-drawing on simple backgrounds should work well with palette-
           based images; otherwise create or fetch a truecolor image instead. When using palette-
           based images, be sure to allocate a broad spectrum of colors in order to have
           sufficient colors for the antialiasing to use.

       $image->setAntiAliasedDontBlend($color,[$flag])
           Normally, when drawing lines with the special gdAntiAliased "color," blending with the
           background to reduce jagged edges is the desired behavior. However, when it is desired
           that lines not be blended with one particular color when it is encountered in the
           background, the setAntiAliasedDontBlend() method can be used to indicate the special
           color that the foreground should stand out more clearly against.

           Once turned on, you can turn this feature off by calling setAntiAliasedDontBlend()
           with a second argument of 0:

             $image->setAntiAliasedDontBlend($color,0);

   Drawing Commands
       These methods allow you to draw lines, rectangles, and ellipses, as well as to perform
       various special operations like flood-fill.

       $image->setPixel($x,$y,$color)
           This sets the pixel at (x,y) to the specified color index.  No value is returned from
           this method.  The coordinate system starts at the upper left at (0,0) and gets larger
           as you go down and to the right.  You can use a real color, or one of the special
           colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed can be specified.

           Example:

                   # This assumes $peach already allocated
                   $myImage->setPixel(50,50,$peach);

       $image->line($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2,$color)
           This draws a line from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) of the specified color.  You can use a real
           color, or one of the special colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed.

           Example:

                   # Draw a diagonal line using the currently defined
                   # paintbrush pattern.
                   $myImage->line(0,0,150,150,gdBrushed);

       $image->dashedLine($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2,$color)
           DEPRECATED: The libgd library provides this method solely for backward compatibility
           with libgd version 1.0, and there have been reports that it no longer works as
           expected. Please use the setStyle() and gdStyled methods as described below.

           This draws a dashed line from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) in the specified color.  A more
           powerful way to generate arbitrary dashed and dotted lines is to use the setStyle()
           method described below and to draw with the special color gdStyled.

           Example:

                   $myImage->dashedLine(0,0,150,150,$blue);

       $image->rectangle($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2,$color)
           This draws a rectangle with the specified color.  (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) are the upper
           left and lower right corners respectively.  Both real color indexes and the special
           colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed are accepted.

           Example:

                   $myImage->rectangle(10,10,100,100,$rose);

       $image->filledRectangle($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2,$color) =item $image->setTile($otherimage)
           This draws a rectangle filled with the specified color.  You can use a real color, or
           the special fill color gdTiled to fill the polygon with a pattern.

           Example:

                   # read in a fill pattern and set it
                   $tile = GD::Image->newFromPng('happyface.png');
                   $myImage->setTile($tile);

                   # draw the rectangle, filling it with the pattern
                   $myImage->filledRectangle(10,10,150,200,gdTiled);

       $image->openPolygon($polygon,$color)
           This draws a polygon with the specified color.  The polygon must be created first (see
           below).  The polygon must have at least three vertices.  If the last vertex doesn't
           close the polygon, the method will close it for you.  Both real color indexes and the
           special colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed can be specified.

           Example:

                   $poly = GD::Polygon->new;
                   $poly->addPt(50,0);
                   $poly->addPt(99,99);
                   $poly->addPt(0,99);
                   $myImage->openPolygon($poly,$blue);

       $image->unclosedPolygon($polygon,$color)
           This draws a sequence of connected lines with the specified color, without connecting
           the first and last point to a closed polygon.  The polygon must be created first (see
           below).  The polygon must have at least three vertices.  Both real color indexes and
           the special colors gdBrushed, gdStyled and gdStyledBrushed can be specified.

           You need libgd 2.0.33 or higher to use this feature.

           Example:

                   $poly = GD::Polygon->new;
                   $poly->addPt(50,0);
                   $poly->addPt(99,99);
                   $poly->addPt(0,99);
                   $myImage->unclosedPolygon($poly,$blue);

       $image->filledPolygon($poly,$color)
           This draws a polygon filled with the specified color.  You can use a real color, or
           the special fill color gdTiled to fill the polygon with a pattern.

           Example:

                   # make a polygon
                   $poly = GD::Polygon->new;
                   $poly->addPt(50,0);
                   $poly->addPt(99,99);
                   $poly->addPt(0,99);

                   # draw the polygon, filling it with a color
                   $myImage->filledPolygon($poly,$peachpuff);

       $image->ellipse($cx,$cy,$width,$height,$color)
       $image->filledEllipse($cx,$cy,$width,$height,$color)
           These methods() draw ellipses. ($cx,$cy) is the center of the arc, and
           ($width,$height) specify the ellipse width and height, respectively.  filledEllipse()
           is like Ellipse() except that the former produces filled versions of the ellipse.

       $image->arc($cx,$cy,$width,$height,$start,$end,$color)
           This draws arcs and ellipses.  (cx,cy) are the center of the arc, and (width,height)
           specify the width and height, respectively.  The portion of the ellipse covered by the
           arc are controlled by start and end, both of which are given in degrees from 0 to 360.
           Zero is at the right end of the ellipse, and angles increase clockwise.  To specify a
           complete ellipse, use 0 and 360 as the starting and ending angles.  To draw a circle,
           use the same value for width and height.

           You can specify a normal color or one of the special colors gdBrushed, gdStyled, or
           gdStyledBrushed.

           Example:

                   # draw a semicircle centered at 100,100
                   $myImage->arc(100,100,50,50,0,180,$blue);

       $image->filledArc($cx,$cy,$width,$height,$start,$end,$color [,$arc_style])
           This method is like arc() except that it colors in the pie wedge with the selected
           color.  $arc_style is optional.  If present it is a bitwise OR of the following
           constants:

             gdArc           connect start & end points of arc with a rounded edge
             gdChord         connect start & end points of arc with a straight line
             gdPie           synonym for gdChord
             gdNoFill        outline the arc or chord
             gdEdged         connect beginning and ending of the arc to the center

           gdArc and gdChord are mutually exclusive.  gdChord just connects the starting and
           ending angles with a straight line, while gdArc produces a rounded edge. gdPie is a
           synonym for gdArc. gdNoFill indicates that the arc or chord should be outlined, not
           filled. gdEdged, used together with gdNoFill, indicates that the beginning and ending
           angles should be connected to the center; this is a good way to outline (rather than
           fill) a "pie slice."

           Example:

             $image->filledArc(100,100,50,50,0,90,$blue,gdEdged|gdNoFill);

       $image->fill($x,$y,$color)
           This method flood-fills regions with the specified color.  The color will spread
           through the image, starting at point (x,y), until it is stopped by a pixel of a
           different color from the starting pixel (this is similar to the "paintbucket" in many
           popular drawing toys).  You can specify a normal color, or the special color gdTiled,
           to flood-fill with patterns.

           Example:

                   # Draw a rectangle, and then make its interior blue
                   $myImage->rectangle(10,10,100,100,$black);
                   $myImage->fill(50,50,$blue);

       $image->fillToBorder($x,$y,$bordercolor,$color)
           Like "fill", this method flood-fills regions with the specified color, starting at
           position (x,y).  However, instead of stopping when it hits a pixel of a different
           color than the starting pixel, flooding will only stop when it hits the color
           specified by bordercolor.  You must specify a normal indexed color for the
           bordercolor.  However, you are free to use the gdTiled color for the fill.

           Example:

                   # This has the same effect as the previous example
                   $myImage->rectangle(10,10,100,100,$black);
                   $myImage->fillToBorder(50,50,$black,$blue);

   Image Copying Commands
       Two methods are provided for copying a rectangular region from one image to another.  One
       method copies a region without resizing it.  The other allows you to stretch the region
       during the copy operation.

       With either of these methods it is important to know that the routines will attempt to
       flesh out the destination image's color table to match the colors that are being copied
       from the source.  If the destination's color table is already full, then the routines will
       attempt to find the best match, with varying results.

       $image->copy($sourceImage,$dstX,$dstY,$srcX,$srcY,$width,$height)
           This is the simplest of the several copy operations, copying the specified region from
           the source image to the destination image (the one performing the method call).
           (srcX,srcY) specify the upper left corner of a rectangle in the source image, and
           (width,height) give the width and height of the region to copy.  (dstX,dstY) control
           where in the destination image to stamp the copy.  You can use the same image for both
           the source and the destination, but the source and destination regions must not
           overlap or strange things will happen.

           Example:

                   $myImage = GD::Image->new(100,100);
                   ... various drawing stuff ...
                   $srcImage = GD::Image->new(50,50);
                   ... more drawing stuff ...
                   # copy a 25x25 pixel region from $srcImage to
                   # the rectangle starting at (10,10) in $myImage
                   $myImage->copy($srcImage,10,10,0,0,25,25);

       $image->clone()
           Make a copy of the image and return it as a new object.  The new image will look
           identical.  However, it may differ in the size of the color palette and other
           nonessential details.

           Example:

                   $myImage = GD::Image->new(100,100);
                   ... various drawing stuff ...
                   $copy = $myImage->clone;

       $image->copyMerge($sourceImage,$dstX,$dstY,
                               $srcX,$srcY,$width,$height,$percent)

           This copies the indicated rectangle from the source image to the destination image,
           merging the colors to the extent specified by percent (an integer between 0 and 100).
           Specifying 100% has the same effect as copy() -- replacing the destination pixels with
           the source image.  This is most useful for highlighting an area by merging in a solid
           rectangle.

           Example:

                   $myImage = GD::Image->new(100,100);
                   ... various drawing stuff ...
                   $redImage = GD::Image->new(50,50);
                   ... more drawing stuff ...
                   # copy a 25x25 pixel region from $srcImage to
                   # the rectangle starting at (10,10) in $myImage, merging 50%
                   $myImage->copyMerge($srcImage,10,10,0,0,25,25,50);

       $image->copyMergeGray($sourceImage,$dstX,$dstY,
                               $srcX,$srcY,$width,$height,$percent)

           This is identical to copyMerge() except that it preserves the hue of the source by
           converting all the pixels of the destination rectangle to grayscale before merging.

       $image->copyResized($sourceImage,$dstX,$dstY,
                               $srcX,$srcY,$destW,$destH,$srcW,$srcH)

           This method is similar to copy() but allows you to choose different sizes for the
           source and destination rectangles.  The source and destination rectangle's are
           specified independently by (srcW,srcH) and (destW,destH) respectively.  copyResized()
           will stretch or shrink the image to accommodate the size requirements.

           Example:

                   $myImage = GD::Image->new(100,100);
                   ... various drawing stuff ...
                   $srcImage = GD::Image->new(50,50);
                   ... more drawing stuff ...
                   # copy a 25x25 pixel region from $srcImage to
                   # a larger rectangle starting at (10,10) in $myImage
                   $myImage->copyResized($srcImage,10,10,0,0,50,50,25,25);

       $image->copyResampled($sourceImage,$dstX,$dstY,
                               $srcX,$srcY,$destW,$destH,$srcW,$srcH)

           This method is similar to copyResized() but provides "smooth" copying from a large
           image to a smaller one, using a weighted average of the pixels of the source area
           rather than selecting one representative pixel. This method is identical to
           copyResized() when the destination image is a palette image.

       $image->copyRotated($sourceImage,$dstX,$dstY,
                               $srcX,$srcY,$width,$height,$angle)

           Like copyResized() but the $angle argument specifies an arbitrary amount to rotate the
           image counter clockwise (in degrees).  In addition, $dstX and $dstY species the center
           of the destination image, and not the top left corner.

       $image->trueColorToPalette([$dither], [$colors])
           This method converts a truecolor image to a palette image. The code for this function
           was originally drawn from the Independent JPEG Group library code, which is excellent.
           The code has been modified to preserve as much alpha channel information as possible
           in the resulting palette, in addition to preserving colors as well as possible. This
           does not work as well as might be hoped. It is usually best to simply produce a
           truecolor output image instead, which guarantees the highest output quality.  Both the
           dithering (0/1, default=0) and maximum number of colors used (<=256, default =
           gdMaxColors) can be specified.

       $image = $sourceImage->createPaletteFromTrueColor([$dither], [$colors])
           Creates a new palette image from a truecolor image. Same as above, but returns a new
           image.

           Don't use these function -- write real truecolor PNGs and JPEGs. The disk space gain
           of conversion to palette is not great (for small images it can be negative) and the
           quality loss is ugly.

       $error = $image->colorMatch($otherimage)
           Bring the palette colors in $otherimage to be closer to truecolor $image.  A negative
           return value is a failure.

             -1 image must be True Color
             -2 otherimage must be indexed
             -3 the images are meant to be the same dimensions
             -4 At least 1 color in otherimage must be allocated

           This method is only available with libgd >= 2.1.0

       $image = $sourceImage->neuQuant($maxcolor=256,$samplefactor=5)
           Creates a new palette image from a truecolor image.

           samplefactor   The quantization precision between 1 (highest quality) and 10
           (fastest).
           maxcolor  The number of desired palette entries.

           This is the same as createPaletteFromTrueColor with the quantization method
           GD_QUANT_NEUQUANT. This does not support dithering.  This method is only available
           with libgd >= 2.1.0

   Image Transformation Commands
       Gd provides these simple image transformations, non-interpolated.

       $image = $sourceImage->copyRotate90()
       $image = $sourceImage->copyRotate180()
       $image = $sourceImage->copyRotate270()
       $image = $sourceImage->copyFlipHorizontal()
       $image = $sourceImage->copyFlipVertical()
       $image = $sourceImage->copyTranspose()
       $image = $sourceImage->copyReverseTranspose()
           These methods can be used to rotate, flip, or transpose an image.  The result of the
           method is a copy of the image.

       $image->rotate180()
       $image->flipHorizontal()
       $image->flipVertical()
           These methods are similar to the copy* versions, but instead modify the image in
           place.

   Image Interpolation Methods
       Since libgd 2.1.0 there are better transformation methods, with these interpolation
       methods:

         GD_BELL                - Bell
         GD_BESSEL              - Bessel
         GD_BILINEAR_FIXED      - fixed point bilinear
         GD_BICUBIC             - Bicubic
         GD_BICUBIC_FIXED       - fixed point bicubic integer
         GD_BLACKMAN            - Blackman
         GD_BOX                 - Box
         GD_BSPLINE             - BSpline
         GD_CATMULLROM          - Catmullrom
         GD_GAUSSIAN            - Gaussian
         GD_GENERALIZED_CUBIC   - Generalized cubic
         GD_HERMITE             - Hermite
         GD_HAMMING             - Hamming
         GD_HANNING             - Hannig
         GD_MITCHELL            - Mitchell
         GD_NEAREST_NEIGHBOUR   - Nearest neighbour interpolation
         GD_POWER               - Power
         GD_QUADRATIC           - Quadratic
         GD_SINC                - Sinc
         GD_TRIANGLE            - Triangle
         GD_WEIGHTED4           - 4 pixels weighted bilinear interpolation
         GD_LINEAR              - bilinear interpolation

       $image->interpolationMethod( [$method] )
           Gets or sets the interpolation methods for all subsequent interpolations.  See above
           for the valid values.  Only available since libgd 2.2.0

       $image->copyScaleInterpolated( width, height )
           Returns a copy, using interpolation.

       $image->copyRotateInterpolated( angle, bgcolor )
           Returns a copy, using interpolation.

   Image Filter Commands
       Gd also provides some common image filters, they modify the image in place and return TRUE
       if modified or FALSE if not.  Most of them need libgd >= 2.1.0, with older versions those
       functions are undefined.

       $ok = $image->scatter($sub, $plus)
           if $sub and $plus are 0, nothing is changed, TRUE is returned.  if $sub >= $plus,
           nothing is changed, FALSE is returned.  else random pixels are changed.

       $ok = $image->scatterColor($sub, $plus, @colors)
           Similar to scatter, but using the given array of colors, i.e. palette indices.

       $ok = $image->pixelate($blocksize, $mode)
           if $blocksize <= 0, nothing is changed, FALSE is returned.  if $blocksize == 1,
           nothing is changed, TRUE is returned.  else the following modes are observed:
             GD_PIXELATE_UPPERLEFT
             GD_PIXELATE_AVERAGE

       $ok = $image->negate()
       $ok = $image->grayscale()
       $ok = $image->brightness($add)
           $add: -255..255

       $ok = $image->contrast($contrast)
           $contrast: a double value. The contrast adjustment value. Negative values increase,
           positive values decrease the contrast. The larger the absolute value, the stronger the
           effect.

       $ok = $image->color($red,$green,$blue,$alpha)
           Change channel values of an image.

             $red   - The value to add to the red channel of all pixels.
             $green - The value to add to the green channel of all pixels.
             $blue  - The value to add to the blue channel of all pixels.
             $alpha - The value to add to the alpha channel of all pixels.

       $ok = $image->selectiveBlur()
       $ok = $image->edgeDetectQuick()
       $ok = $image->gaussianBlur()
       $ok = $image->emboss()
       $ok = $image->meanRemoval()
       $ok = $image->smooth($weight)
       $image = $sourceImage->copyGaussianBlurred($radius, $sigma)
           $radius: int, the blur radius (*not* diameter--range is 2*radius + 1) a radius, not a
           diameter so a radius of 2 (for example) will blur across a region 5 pixels across (2
           to the center, 1 for the center itself and another 2 to the other edge).

           $sigma: the sigma value or a value <= 0.0 to use the computed default.  represents the
           "fatness" of the curve (lower == fatter).

           The result is always truecolor.

   Character and String Drawing
       GD allows you to draw characters and strings, either in normal horizontal orientation or
       rotated 90 degrees.  These routines use a GD::Font object, described in more detail below.
       There are four built-in monospaced fonts, available in the global variables gdGiantFont,
       gdLargeFont, gdMediumBoldFont, gdSmallFont and gdTinyFont.

       In addition, you can use the load() method to load GD-formatted bitmap font files at
       runtime. You can create these bitmap files from X11 BDF-format files using the bdf2gd.pl
       script, which should have been installed with GD (see the bdf_scripts directory if it
       wasn't).  The format happens to be identical to the old-style MSDOS bitmap ".fnt" files,
       so you can use one of those directly if you happen to have one.

       For writing proportional scalable fonts, GD offers the stringFT() method, which allows you
       to load and render any TrueType font on your system.

       $image->string($font,$x,$y,$string,$color)
           This method draws a string starting at position (x,y) in the specified font and color.
           Your choices of fonts are gdSmallFont, gdMediumBoldFont, gdTinyFont, gdLargeFont and
           gdGiantFont.

           Example:

                   $myImage->string(gdSmallFont,2,10,"Peachy Keen",$peach);

       $image->stringUp($font,$x,$y,$string,$color)
           Just like the previous call, but draws the text rotated counterclockwise 90 degrees.

       $image->char($font,$x,$y,$char,$color)
       $image->charUp($font,$x,$y,$char,$color)
           These methods draw single characters at position (x,y) in the specified font and
           color.  They're carry-overs from the C interface, where there is a distinction between
           characters and strings.  Perl is insensible to such subtle distinctions.

       $font = GD::Font->load($fontfilepath)
           This method dynamically loads a font file, returning a font that you can use in
           subsequent calls to drawing methods.  For example:

              my $courier = GD::Font->load('./courierR12.fnt') or die "Can't load font";
              $image->string($courier,2,10,"Peachy Keen",$peach);

           Font files must be in GD binary format, as described above.

       @bounds = $image->stringFT($fgcolor,$fontname,$ptsize,$angle,$x,$y,$string)
       @bounds = GD::Image->stringFT($fgcolor,$fontname,$ptsize,$angle,$x,$y,$string)
       @bounds = $image->stringFT($fgcolor,$fontname,$ptsize,$angle,$x,$y,$string,\%options)
           This method uses TrueType to draw a scaled, antialiased string using the TrueType
           vector font of your choice.  It requires that libgd to have been compiled with
           TrueType support, and for the appropriate TrueType font to be installed on your
           system.

           The arguments are as follows:

             fgcolor    Color index to draw the string in
             fontname   A path to the TrueType (.ttf) font file or a font pattern.
             ptsize     The desired point size (may be fractional)
             angle      The rotation angle, in radians (positive values rotate counter clockwise)
             x,y        X and Y coordinates to start drawing the string
             string     The string itself

           If successful, the method returns an eight-element list giving the boundaries of the
           rendered string:

            @bounds[0,1]  Lower left corner (x,y)
            @bounds[2,3]  Lower right corner (x,y)
            @bounds[4,5]  Upper right corner (x,y)
            @bounds[6,7]  Upper left corner (x,y)

           In case of an error (such as the font not being available, or FT support not being
           available), the method returns an empty list and sets $@ to the error message.

           The fontname argument is the name of the font, which can be a full pathname to a .ttf
           file, or if not the paths in $ENV{GDFONTPATH} will be searched or if empty the libgd
           compiled DEFAULT_FONTPATH.  The TrueType extensions .ttf, .pfa, .pfb or .dfont can be
           omitted.

           The string may contain UTF-8 sequences like: "&#192;"

           You may also call this method from the GD::Image class name, in which case it doesn't
           do any actual drawing, but returns the bounding box using an inexpensive operation.
           You can use this to perform layout operations prior to drawing.

           Using a negative color index will disable antialiasing, as described in the libgd
           manual page at <http://www.boutell.com/gd/manual2.0.9.html#gdImageStringFT>.

           An optional 8th argument allows you to pass a hashref of options to stringFT().
           Several hashkeys are recognized: linespacing, charmap, resolution, and kerning.

           The value of linespacing is supposed to be a multiple of the character height, so
           setting linespacing to 2.0 will result in double-spaced lines of text.  However the
           current version of libgd (2.0.12) does not do this.  Instead the linespacing seems to
           be double what is provided in this argument.  So use a spacing of 0.5 to get
           separation of exactly one line of text.  In practice, a spacing of 0.6 seems to give
           nice results.  Another thing to watch out for is that successive lines of text should
           be separated by the "\r\n" characters, not just "\n".

           The value of charmap is one of "Unicode", "Shift_JIS" and "Big5".  The interaction
           between Perl, Unicode and libgd is not clear to me, and you should experiment a bit if
           you want to use this feature.

           The value of resolution is the vertical and horizontal resolution, in DPI, in the
           format "hdpi,vdpi".  If present, the resolution will be passed to the Freetype
           rendering engine as a hint to improve the appearance of the rendered font.

           The value of kerning is a flag.  Set it to false to turn off the default kerning of
           text.

           Example:

            $gd->stringFT($black,'/c/windows/Fonts/pala.ttf',40,0,20,90,
                         "hi there\r\nbye now",
                         {linespacing=>0.6,
                          charmap  => 'Unicode',
                         });

           If GD was compiled with fontconfig support, and the fontconfig library is available on
           your system, then you can use a font name pattern instead of a path.  Patterns are
           described in fontconfig and will look something like this "Times:italic".  For
           backward compatibility, this feature is disabled by default.  You must enable it by
           calling useFontConfig(1) prior to the stringFT() call.

              $image->useFontConfig(1);

           For backward compatibility with older versions of the FreeType library, the alias
           stringTTF() is also recognized.

       $hasfontconfig = $image->useFontConfig($flag)
           Call useFontConfig() with a value of 1 in order to enable support for fontconfig font
           patterns (see stringFT).  Regardless of the value of $flag, this method will return a
           true value if the fontconfig library is present, or false otherwise.

           This method can also be called as a class method of GD::Image;

       $result =
       $image->stringFTCircle($cx,$cy,$radius,$textRadius,$fillPortion,$font,$points,$top,$bottom,$fgcolor)
           This draws text in a circle. Currently (libgd 2.0.33) this function does not work for
           me, but the interface is provided for completeness.  The call signature is somewhat
           complex.  Here is an excerpt from the libgd manual page:

           Draws the text strings specified by top and bottom on the image, curved along the edge
           of a circle of radius radius, with its center at cx and cy. top is written clockwise
           along the top; bottom is written counterclockwise along the bottom. textRadius
           determines the "height" of each character; if textRadius is 1/2 of radius, characters
           extend halfway from the edge to the center. fillPortion varies from 0 to 1.0, with
           useful values from about 0.4 to 0.9, and determines how much of the 180 degrees of arc
           assigned to each section of text is actually occupied by text; 0.9 looks better than
           1.0 which is rather crowded. font is a freetype font; see gdImageStringFT. points is
           passed to the freetype engine and has an effect on hinting; although the size of the
           text is determined by radius, textRadius, and fillPortion, you should pass a point
           size that "hints" appropriately -- if you know the text will be large, pass a large
           point size such as 24.0 to get the best results. fgcolor can be any color, and may
           have an alpha component, do blending, etc.

           Returns a true value on success.

   Alpha channels
       The alpha channel methods allow you to control the way drawings are processed according to
       the alpha channel. When true color is turned on, colors are encoded as four bytes, in
       which the last three bytes are the RGB color values, and the first byte is the alpha
       channel.  Therefore the hexadecimal representation of a non transparent RGB color will be:
       C=0x00(rr)(bb)(bb)

       When alpha blending is turned on, you can use the first byte of the color to control the
       transparency, meaning that a rectangle painted with color 0x00(rr)(bb)(bb) will be opaque,
       and another one painted with 0x7f(rr)(gg)(bb) will be transparent. The Alpha value must be
       >= 0 and <= 0x7f.

       $image->alphaBlending($integer)
           The alphaBlending() method allows for two different modes of drawing on truecolor
           images. In blending mode, which is on by default (libgd 2.0.2 and above), the alpha
           channel component of the color supplied to all drawing functions, such as "setPixel",
           determines how much of the underlying color should be allowed to shine through. As a
           result, GD automatically blends the existing color at that point with the drawing
           color, and stores the result in the image. The resulting pixel is opaque. In non-
           blending mode, the drawing color is copied literally with its alpha channel
           information, replacing the destination pixel. Blending mode is not available when
           drawing on palette images.

           Pass a value of 1 for blending mode, and 0 for non-blending mode.

       $image->saveAlpha($saveAlpha)
           By default, GD (libgd 2.0.2 and above) does not attempt to save full alpha channel
           information (as opposed to single-color transparency) when saving PNG images. (PNG is
           currently the only output format supported by gd which can accommodate alpha channel
           information.) This saves space in the output file. If you wish to create an image with
           alpha channel information for use with tools that support it, call saveAlpha(1) to
           turn on saving of such information, and call alphaBlending(0) to turn off alpha
           blending within the library so that alpha channel information is actually stored in
           the image rather than being composited immediately at the time that drawing functions
           are invoked.

   Miscellaneous Image Methods
       These are various utility methods that are useful in some circumstances.

       $image->interlaced([$flag])
           This method sets or queries the image's interlaced setting.  Interlace produces a cool
           venetian blinds effect on certain viewers.  Provide a true parameter to set the
           interlace attribute.  Provide undef to disable it.  Call the method without parameters
           to find out the current setting.

       ($width,$height) = $image->getBounds()
           This method will return a two-member list containing the width and height of the
           image.  You query but not change the size of the image once it's created.

       $width = $image->width
       $height = $image->height
           Return the width and height of the image, respectively.

       $is_truecolor = $image->isTrueColor()
           This method will return a Boolean representing whether the image is true color or not.

       $flag = $image1->compare($image2)
           Compare two images and return a bitmap describing the differences found, if any.  The
           return value must be logically AND'ed with one or more constants in order to determine
           the differences.  The following constants are available:

             GD_CMP_IMAGE             The two images look different
             GD_CMP_NUM_COLORS        The two images have different numbers of colors
             GD_CMP_COLOR             The two images' palettes differ
             GD_CMP_SIZE_X            The two images differ in the horizontal dimension
             GD_CMP_SIZE_Y            The two images differ in the vertical dimension
             GD_CMP_TRANSPARENT       The two images have different transparency
             GD_CMP_BACKGROUND        The two images have different background colors
             GD_CMP_INTERLACE         The two images differ in their interlace
             GD_CMP_TRUECOLOR         The two images are not both true color

           The most important of these is GD_CMP_IMAGE, which will tell you whether the two
           images will look different, ignoring differences in the order of colors in the color
           palette and other invisible changes.  The constants are not imported by default, but
           must be imported individually or by importing the :cmp tag.  Example:

             use GD qw(:DEFAULT :cmp);
             # get $image1 from somewhere
             # get $image2 from somewhere
             if ($image1->compare($image2) & GD_CMP_IMAGE) {
                warn "images differ!";
             }

       $image->clip($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2)
       ($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2) = $image->clip
           Set or get the clipping rectangle.  When the clipping rectangle is set, all drawing
           will be clipped to occur within this rectangle.  The clipping rectangle is initially
           set to be equal to the boundaries of the whole image. Change it by calling clip() with
           the coordinates of the new clipping rectangle.  Calling clip() without any arguments
           will return the current clipping rectangle.

       $flag = $image->boundsSafe($x,$y)
           The boundsSafe() method will return true if the point indicated by ($x,$y) is within
           the clipping rectangle, or false if it is not.  If the clipping rectangle has not been
           set, then it will return true if the point lies within the image boundaries.

   Grouping Methods
       GD does not support grouping of objects, but GD::SVG does. In that subclass, the following
       methods declare new groups of graphical objects:

       $image->startGroup([$id,\%style])
       $image->endGroup()
       $group = $image->newGroup
           See GD::SVG for information.

Polygons

       A few primitive polygon creation and manipulation methods are provided.  They aren't part
       of the Gd library, but I thought they might be handy to have around (they're borrowed from
       my qd.pl Quickdraw library).  Also see GD::Polyline.

       $poly = GD::Polygon->new
          Create an empty polygon with no vertices.

                  $poly = GD::Polygon->new;

       $poly->addPt($x,$y)
          Add point (x,y) to the polygon.

                  $poly->addPt(0,0);
                  $poly->addPt(0,50);
                  $poly->addPt(25,25);
                  $myImage->fillPoly($poly,$blue);

       ($x,$y) = $poly->getPt($index)
          Retrieve the point at the specified vertex.

                  ($x,$y) = $poly->getPt(2);

       $poly->setPt($index,$x,$y)
          Change the value of an already existing vertex.  It is an error to set a vertex that
          isn't already defined.

                  $poly->setPt(2,100,100);

       ($x,$y) = $poly->deletePt($index)
          Delete the specified vertex, returning its value.

                  ($x,$y) = $poly->deletePt(1);

       $poly->clear()
          Delete all vertices, restoring the polygon to its initial empty state.

       $poly->toPt($dx,$dy)
          Draw from current vertex to a new vertex, using relative (dx,dy) coordinates.  If this
          is the first point, act like addPt().

                  $poly->addPt(0,0);
                  $poly->toPt(0,50);
                  $poly->toPt(25,-25);
                  $myImage->fillPoly($poly,$blue);

       $vertex_count = $poly->length
          Return the number of vertices in the polygon.

                  $points = $poly->length;

       @vertices = $poly->vertices
          Return a list of all the vertices in the polygon object.  Each member of the list is a
          reference to an (x,y) array.

                  @vertices = $poly->vertices;
                  foreach $v (@vertices)
                     print join(",",@$v),"\n";
                  }

       @rect = $poly->bounds
          Return the smallest rectangle that completely encloses the polygon.  The return value
          is an array containing the (left,top,right,bottom) of the rectangle.

                  ($left,$top,$right,$bottom) = $poly->bounds;

       $poly->offset($dx,$dy)
          Offset all the vertices of the polygon by the specified horizontal (dh) and vertical
          (dy) amounts.  Positive numbers move the polygon down and to the right.

                  $poly->offset(10,30);

       $poly->map($srcL,$srcT,$srcR,$srcB,$destL,$dstT,$dstR,$dstB)
          Map the polygon from a source rectangle to an equivalent position in a destination
          rectangle, moving it and resizing it as necessary.  See polys.pl for an example of how
          this works.  Both the source and destination rectangles are given in
          (left,top,right,bottom) coordinates.  For convenience, you can use the polygon's own
          bounding box as the source rectangle.

                  # Make the polygon really tall
                  $poly->map($poly->bounds,0,0,50,200);

       $poly->scale($sx,$sy, [$tx,$ty])
          Scale each vertex of the polygon by the X and Y factors indicated by sx and sy.  For
          example scale(2,2) will make the polygon twice as large.  For best results, move the
          center of the polygon to position (0,0) before you scale, then move it back to its
          previous position.  Accepts an optional offset vector.

       $poly->transform($sx,$rx,$ry,$sy, $tx,$ty)
          Run each vertex of the polygon through a 2D affine transformation matrix, where sx and
          sy are the X and Y scaling factors, rx and ry are the X and Y rotation factors, and tx
          and ty are X and Y offsets.  See the Adobe PostScript Reference, page 154 for a full
          explanation, or experiment.

          libgd:

              The transformation matrix is created using 6 numbers:
              matrix[0] == xx
              matrix[1] == yx
              matrix[2] == xy
              matrix[3] == xy (probably meaning yy here)
              matrix[4] == x0
              matrix[5] == y0
              where the transformation of a given point (x,y) is given by:

              x_new = xx * x + xy * y + x0;
              y_new = yx * x + yy * y + y0;

   GD::Polyline
       Please see GD::Polyline for information on creating open polygons and splines.

Font Utilities

       The libgd library (used by the Perl GD library) has built-in support for about half a
       dozen fonts, which were converted from public-domain X Windows fonts.  For more fonts,
       compile libgd with TrueType support and use the stringFT() call.

       If you wish to add more built-in fonts, the directory bdf_scripts contains two contributed
       utilities that may help you convert X-Windows BDF-format fonts into the format that libgd
       uses internally.  However these scripts were written for earlier versions of GD which
       included its own mini-gd library.  These scripts will have to be adapted for use with
       libgd, and the libgd library itself will have to be recompiled and linked!  Please do not
       contact me for help with these scripts: they are unsupported.

       Each of these fonts is available both as an imported global (e.g. gdSmallFont) and as a
       package method (e.g. GD::Font->Small).

       gdSmallFont
       GD::Font->Small
            This is the basic small font, "borrowed" from a well known public domain 6x12 font.

       gdLargeFont
       GD::Font->Large
            This is the basic large font, "borrowed" from a well known public domain 8x16 font.

       gdMediumBoldFont
       GD::Font->MediumBold
            This is a bold font intermediate in size between the small and large fonts, borrowed
            from a public domain 7x13 font;

       gdTinyFont
       GD::Font->Tiny
            This is a tiny, almost unreadable font, 5x8 pixels wide.

       gdGiantFont
       GD::Font->Giant
            This is a 9x15 bold font converted by Jan Pazdziora from a sans serif X11 font.

       $font->nchars
            This returns the number of characters in the font.

                    print "The large font contains ",gdLargeFont->nchars," characters\n";

       $font->offset
            This returns the ASCII value of the first character in the font

       $width = $font->width
       $height = $font->height
       "height"
            These return the width and height of the font.

              ($w,$h) = (gdLargeFont->width,gdLargeFont->height);

Helper Functions

       GD::LIBGD_VERSION
           Returns a number of the libgd VERSION, like 2.0204, 2.0033 or 2.01.

       GD::VERSION_STRING
           Returns the string of the libgd VERSION, like "2.2.4".

       GD::constant

Obtaining the C-language version of gd

       libgd, the C-language version of gd, can be obtained at URL http://libgd.org/  Directions
       for installing and using it can be found at that site.  Please do not contact me for help
       with libgd.

AUTHOR

       The GD.pm interface is copyright 1995-2010, Lincoln D. Stein. This package and its
       accompanying libraries is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
       the terms of the GPL (either version 1, or at your option, any later version) or the
       Artistic License 2.0.  Refer to LICENSE for the full license text.  package for details.

       The latest versions of GD.pm are available at

         https://github.com/lstein/Perl-GD

SEE ALSO

       GD::Polyline, GD::SVG, GD::Simple, Image::Magick