Provided by: tcl8.6-doc_8.6.14+dfsg-1build1_all bug

NAME

       Tcl_FSRegister,         Tcl_FSUnregister,         Tcl_FSData,         Tcl_FSMountsChanged,
       Tcl_FSGetFileSystemForPath,   Tcl_FSGetPathType,   Tcl_FSCopyFile,    Tcl_FSCopyDirectory,
       Tcl_FSCreateDirectory,    Tcl_FSDeleteFile,    Tcl_FSRemoveDirectory,    Tcl_FSRenameFile,
       Tcl_FSListVolumes,  Tcl_FSEvalFile,  Tcl_FSEvalFileEx,  Tcl_FSLoadFile,  Tcl_FSUnloadFile,
       Tcl_FSMatchInDirectory,    Tcl_FSLink,   Tcl_FSLstat,   Tcl_FSUtime,   Tcl_FSFileAttrsGet,
       Tcl_FSFileAttrsSet,        Tcl_FSFileAttrStrings,        Tcl_FSStat,         Tcl_FSAccess,
       Tcl_FSOpenFileChannel,  Tcl_FSGetCwd,  Tcl_FSChdir,  Tcl_FSPathSeparator,  Tcl_FSJoinPath,
       Tcl_FSSplitPath,     Tcl_FSEqualPaths,     Tcl_FSGetNormalizedPath,      Tcl_FSJoinToPath,
       Tcl_FSConvertToPathType,           Tcl_FSGetInternalRep,          Tcl_FSGetTranslatedPath,
       Tcl_FSGetTranslatedStringPath,          Tcl_FSNewNativePath,          Tcl_FSGetNativePath,
       Tcl_FSFileSystemInfo,         Tcl_GetAccessTimeFromStat,         Tcl_GetBlockSizeFromStat,
       Tcl_GetBlocksFromStat,        Tcl_GetChangeTimeFromStat,        Tcl_GetDeviceTypeFromStat,
       Tcl_GetFSDeviceFromStat,          Tcl_GetFSInodeFromStat,          Tcl_GetGroupIdFromStat,
       Tcl_GetLinkCountFromStat,      Tcl_GetModeFromStat,       Tcl_GetModificationTimeFromStat,
       Tcl_GetSizeFromStat, Tcl_GetUserIdFromStat, Tcl_AllocStatBuf - procedures to interact with
       any filesystem

SYNOPSIS

       #include <tcl.h>

       int
       Tcl_FSRegister(clientData, fsPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSUnregister(fsPtr)

       ClientData
       Tcl_FSData(fsPtr)

       void
       Tcl_FSMountsChanged(fsPtr)

       const Tcl_Filesystem *
       Tcl_FSGetFileSystemForPath(pathPtr)

       Tcl_PathType
       Tcl_FSGetPathType(pathPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSCopyFile(srcPathPtr, destPathPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSCopyDirectory(srcPathPtr, destPathPtr, errorPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSCreateDirectory(pathPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSDeleteFile(pathPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSRemoveDirectory(pathPtr, int recursive, errorPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSRenameFile(srcPathPtr, destPathPtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSListVolumes(void)

       int
       Tcl_FSEvalFileEx(interp, pathPtr, encodingName)

       int
       Tcl_FSEvalFile(interp, pathPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSLoadFile(interp, pathPtr, sym1, sym2, proc1Ptr, proc2Ptr,
                      loadHandlePtr, unloadProcPtr)

       int                                                                                        │
       Tcl_FSUnloadFile(interp, loadHandle)                                                       │

       int
       Tcl_FSMatchInDirectory(interp, resultPtr, pathPtr, pattern, types)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSLink(linkNamePtr, toPtr, linkAction)

       int
       Tcl_FSLstat(pathPtr, statPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSUtime(pathPtr, tval)

       int
       Tcl_FSFileAttrsGet(interp, int index, pathPtr, objPtrRef)

       int
       Tcl_FSFileAttrsSet(interp, int index, pathPtr, Tcl_Obj *objPtr)

       const char *const *
       Tcl_FSFileAttrStrings(pathPtr, objPtrRef)

       int
       Tcl_FSStat(pathPtr, statPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSAccess(pathPtr, mode)

       Tcl_Channel
       Tcl_FSOpenFileChannel(interp, pathPtr, modeString, permissions)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSGetCwd(interp)

       int
       Tcl_FSChdir(pathPtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSPathSeparator(pathPtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSJoinPath(listObj, elements)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSSplitPath(pathPtr, lenPtr)

       int
       Tcl_FSEqualPaths(firstPtr, secondPtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSGetNormalizedPath(interp, pathPtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSJoinToPath(basePtr, objc, objv)

       int
       Tcl_FSConvertToPathType(interp, pathPtr)

       ClientData
       Tcl_FSGetInternalRep(pathPtr, fsPtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSGetTranslatedPath(interp, pathPtr)

       const char *
       Tcl_FSGetTranslatedStringPath(interp, pathPtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSNewNativePath(fsPtr, clientData)

       const void *
       Tcl_FSGetNativePath(pathPtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_FSFileSystemInfo(pathPtr)

       Tcl_StatBuf *
       Tcl_AllocStatBuf()

       Tcl_WideInt                                                                                │
       Tcl_GetAccessTimeFromStat(statPtr)                                                         │

       unsigned                                                                                   │
       Tcl_GetBlockSizeFromStat(statPtr)                                                          │

       Tcl_WideUInt                                                                               │
       Tcl_GetBlocksFromStat(statPtr)                                                             │

       Tcl_WideInt                                                                                │
       Tcl_GetChangeTimeFromStat(statPtr)                                                         │

       int                                                                                        │
       Tcl_GetDeviceTypeFromStat(statPtr)                                                         │

       unsigned                                                                                   │
       Tcl_GetFSDeviceFromStat(statPtr)                                                           │

       unsigned                                                                                   │
       Tcl_GetFSInodeFromStat(statPtr)                                                            │

       int                                                                                        │
       Tcl_GetGroupIdFromStat(statPtr)                                                            │

       int                                                                                        │
       Tcl_GetLinkCountFromStat(statPtr)                                                          │

       unsigned                                                                                   │
       Tcl_GetModeFromStat(statPtr)                                                               │

       Tcl_WideInt                                                                                │
       Tcl_GetModificationTimeFromStat(statPtr)                                                   │

       Tcl_WideUInt                                                                               │
       Tcl_GetSizeFromStat(statPtr)                                                               │

       int                                                                                        │
       Tcl_GetUserIdFromStat(statPtr)                                                             │

ARGUMENTS

       const Tcl_Filesystem *fsPtr (in)            Points to a structure containing the addresses
                                                   of  procedures  that  can be called to perform
                                                   the various filesystem operations.

       Tcl_Obj *pathPtr (in)                       The path represented by this value is used for
                                                   the  operation  in question. If the value does
                                                   not   already   have    an    internal    path
                                                   representation,  it  will be converted to have
                                                   one.

       Tcl_Obj *srcPathPtr (in)                    As for pathPtr, but used for the  source  file
                                                   for a copy or rename operation.

       Tcl_Obj *destPathPtr (in)                   As  for  pathPtr, but used for the destination
                                                   filename for a copy or rename operation.

       const char *encodingName (in)               The encoding of the data stored  in  the  file
                                                   identified by pathPtr and to be evaluated.

       const char *pattern (in)                    Only   files   or  directories  matching  this
                                                   pattern will be returned.

       Tcl_GlobTypeData *types (in)                Only files or directories  matching  the  type
                                                   descriptions  contained in this structure will
                                                   be returned. This parameter may be NULL.

       Tcl_Interp *interp (in)                     Interpreter  to  use   either   for   results,
                                                   evaluation, or reporting error messages.

       ClientData clientData (in)                  The  native  description  of the path value to
                                                   create.

       Tcl_Obj *firstPtr (in)                      The first of two path values to  compare.  The
                                                   value may be converted to path type.

       Tcl_Obj *secondPtr (in)                     The  second of two path values to compare. The
                                                   value may be converted to path type.

       Tcl_Obj *listObj (in)                       The list of path elements to operate on with a
                                                   join operation.

       int elements (in)                           If non-negative, the number of elements in the
                                                   listObj which should be  joined  together.  If
                                                   negative, then all elements are joined.

       Tcl_Obj **errorPtr (out)                    In  the  case of an error, filled with a value
                                                   containing the name of the file  which  caused
                                                   an    error   in   the   various   copy/rename
                                                   operations.

       Tcl_Obj **objPtrRef (out)                   Filled with a value containing the  result  of
                                                   the operation.

       Tcl_Obj *resultPtr (out)                    Preallocated  value  in  which to store (using
                                                   Tcl_ListObjAppendElement) the list of files or
                                                   directories which are successfully matched.

       int mode (in)                               Mask  consisting of one or more of R_OK, W_OK,
                                                   X_OK and F_OK. R_OK,  W_OK  and  X_OK  request
                                                   checking  whether  the  file  exists  and  has
                                                   read,   write   and    execute    permissions,
                                                   respectively.  F_OK just requests checking for
                                                   the existence of the file.

       Tcl_StatBuf *statPtr (out)                  The structure that contains the  result  of  a
                                                   stat or lstat operation.

       const char *sym1 (in)                       Name  of  a procedure to look up in the file's
                                                   symbol table

       const char *sym2 (in)                       Name of a procedure to look up in  the  file's
                                                   symbol table

       Tcl_PackageInitProc **proc1Ptr (out)        Filled with the init function for this code.

       Tcl_PackageInitProc **proc2Ptr (out)        Filled  with  the  safe-init function for this
                                                   code.

       ClientData *clientDataPtr (out)             Filled with the clientData value  to  pass  to
                                                   this code's unload function when it is called.

       Tcl_LoadHandle *loadHandlePtr (out)         Filled with an abstract token representing the
                                                   loaded file.

       Tcl_FSUnloadFileProc **unloadProcPtr (out)  Filled with the function to use to unload this
                                                   piece of code.

       Tcl_LoadHandle loadHandle (in)              Handle to the loaded library to be unloaded.

       utimbuf *tval (in)                          The  access  and  modification  times  in this
                                                   structure are  read  and  used  to  set  those
                                                   values for a given file.

       const char *modeString (in)                 Specifies  how the file is to be accessed. May
                                                   have any of the values allowed  for  the  mode
                                                   argument to the Tcl open command.

       int permissions (in)                        POSIX-style  permission flags such as 0644. If
                                                   a new file is created, these permissions  will
                                                   be set on the created file.

       int *lenPtr (out)                           If   non-NULL,   filled  with  the  number  of
                                                   elements in the split path.

       Tcl_Obj *basePtr (in)                       The base path on to which to  join  the  given
                                                   elements. May be NULL.

       int objc (in)                               The number of elements in objv.

       Tcl_Obj *const objv[] (in)                  The elements to join to the given base path.

       Tcl_Obj *linkNamePtr (in)                   The name of the link to be created or read.

       Tcl_Obj *toPtr (in)                         What  the  link  called  linkNamePtr should be
                                                   linked  to,  or  NULL  if  the  symbolic  link
                                                   specified by linkNamePtr is to be read.

       int linkAction (in)                         OR-ed  combination  of  flags  indicating what
                                                   kind  of  link  should  be  created  (will  be
                                                   ignored  if  toPtr is NULL). Valid bits to set
                                                   are        TCL_CREATE_SYMBOLIC_LINK        and
                                                   TCL_CREATE_HARD_LINK.  When both flags are set
                                                   and the underlying filesystem can  do  either,
                                                   symbolic links are preferred.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION

       There  are  several  reasons  for  calling the Tcl_FS API functions (e.g. Tcl_FSAccess and
       Tcl_FSStat) rather than calling system level functions  like  access  and  stat  directly.
       First,  they  will  work  cross-platform,  so  an  extension  which calls them should work
       unmodified on Unix and Windows. Second,  the  Windows  implementation  of  some  of  these
       functions fixes some bugs in the system level calls. Third, these function calls deal with
       any “Utf to platform-native” path conversions which may be required  (and  may  cache  the
       results  of  such  conversions  for  greater  efficiency on subsequent calls). Fourth, and
       perhaps most importantly, all of these functions  are  “virtual  filesystem  aware”.   Any
       virtual  filesystem (VFS for short) which has been registered (through Tcl_FSRegister) may
       reroute file access to alternative media or access methods. This means that all  of  these
       functions  (and  therefore the corresponding file, glob, pwd, cd, open, etc. Tcl commands)
       may be operate on “files” which are not native files in the native filesystem.  This  also
       means that any Tcl extension which accesses the filesystem (FS for short) through this API
       is automatically “virtual filesystem aware”.  Of course,  if  an  extension  accesses  the
       native  filesystem directly (through platform-specific APIs, for example), then Tcl cannot
       intercept such calls.

       If appropriate VFSes have been registered, the “files”  may,  to  give  two  examples,  be
       remote  (e.g. situated  on  a  remote  ftp  server)  or archived (e.g. lying inside a .zip
       archive). Such registered filesystems provide a lookup table of functions to implement all
       or  some  of  the functionality listed here. Finally, the Tcl_FSStat and Tcl_FSLstat calls
       abstract away from what the “struct stat” buffer is actually declared to be, allowing  the
       same  code  to  be  used both on systems with and systems without support for files larger
       than 2GB in size.

       The Tcl_FS API is Tcl_Obj-ified and may cache internal  representations  and  other  path-
       related  strings (e.g. the current working directory). One side-effect of this is that one
       must not pass in values with a reference count of zero to any of these functions. If  such
       calls  were  handled,  they  might  result  in memory leaks (under some circumstances, the
       filesystem code may wish to retain a reference to the passed in value, and so one must not
       assume that after any of these calls return, the value still has a reference count of zero
       - it may have been incremented) or in a direct segmentation fault (or other memory  access
       error)  due  to  the  value  being  freed  part way through the complex value manipulation
       required to ensure  that  the  path  is  fully  normalized  and  absolute  for  filesystem
       determination. The practical lesson to learn from this is that

              Tcl_Obj *path = Tcl_NewStringObj(...);
              Tcl_FSWhatever(path);
              Tcl_DecrRefCount(path);

       is  wrong, and may cause memory errors. The path must have its reference count incremented
       before passing it in, or decrementing it. For this reason, values with a  reference  count
       of  zero  are  considered  not  to  be  valid  filesystem paths and calling any Tcl_FS API
       function with such a value will result in no action being taken.

   FS API FUNCTIONS
       Tcl_FSCopyFile attempts to copy the file given by srcPathPtr to the  path  name  given  by
       destPathPtr.   If   the  two  paths  given  lie  in  the  same  filesystem  (according  to
       Tcl_FSGetFileSystemForPath) then that filesystem's “copy file” function is called  (if  it
       is  non-NULL).   Otherwise the function returns -1 and sets the errno global C variable to
       the “EXDEV” POSIX error code (which signifies a “cross-domain link”).

       Tcl_FSCopyDirectory attempts to copy the directory given by srcPathPtr to  the  path  name
       given  by  destPathPtr.  If  the  two paths given lie in the same filesystem (according to
       Tcl_FSGetFileSystemForPath) then that filesystem's “copy file” function is called  (if  it
       is  non-NULL).   Otherwise the function returns -1 and sets the errno global C variable to
       the “EXDEV” POSIX error code (which signifies a “cross-domain link”).

       Tcl_FSCreateDirectory attempts to create the directory given by  pathPtr  by  calling  the
       owning filesystem's “create directory” function.

       Tcl_FSDeleteFile  attempts  to  delete  the  file  given  by pathPtr by calling the owning
       filesystem's “delete file” function.

       Tcl_FSRemoveDirectory attempts to remove the directory given by  pathPtr  by  calling  the
       owning filesystem's “remove directory” function.

       Tcl_FSRenameFile  attempts to rename the file or directory given by srcPathPtr to the path
       name given by destPathPtr. If the two paths given lie in the same filesystem (according to
       Tcl_FSGetFileSystemForPath) then that filesystem's “rename file” function is called (if it
       is non-NULL). Otherwise the function returns -1 and sets the errno global  C  variable  to
       the “EXDEV” POSIX error code (which signifies a “cross-domain link”).

       Tcl_FSListVolumes  calls  each filesystem which has a non-NULL “list volumes” function and
       asks them to return their list of root volumes. It accumulates the return values in a list
       which is returned to the caller (with a reference count of 0).

       Tcl_FSEvalFileEx  reads  the  file  given  by  pathPtr  using  the  encoding identified by
       encodingName and evaluates its contents as a Tcl script. It returns the  same  information
       as  Tcl_EvalObjEx.   If  encodingName is NULL, the system encoding is used for reading the
       file contents.  If the file could not be read then a Tcl error is returned to describe why
       the  file  could  not be read.  The eofchar for files is “\32” (^Z) for all platforms.  If
       you require a “^Z” in code for string comparison, you can use “\032”  or  “\u001a”,  which
       will  be safely substituted by the Tcl interpreter into “^Z”.  Tcl_FSEvalFile is a simpler
       version of Tcl_FSEvalFileEx that always uses the system encoding when reading the file.

       Tcl_FSLoadFile dynamically loads a binary code file into memory and returns the  addresses
       of  two procedures within that file, if they are defined. The appropriate function for the
       filesystem to which pathPtr belongs will be called. If that filesystem does not  implement
       this function (most virtual filesystems will not, because of OS limitations in dynamically
       loading binary code), Tcl will attempt to copy the file to a temporary directory and  load
       that  temporary  file.   Tcl_FSUnloadFile  reverses  the operation, asking for the library │
       indicated by the loadHandle to be removed from the process. Note  that,  unlike  with  the │
       unload command, this does not give the library any opportunity to clean up.

       Both  the  above  functions  return a standard Tcl completion code. If an error occurs, an
       error message is left in the interp's result.

       The token  provided  via  the  variable  indicated  by  loadHandlePtr  may  be  used  with │
       Tcl_FindSymbol.

       Tcl_FSMatchInDirectory  is  used  by the globbing code to search a directory for all files
       which match a given pattern. The appropriate function for the filesystem to which  pathPtr
       belongs will be called.

       The  return  value  is  a  standard  Tcl  result  indicating  whether an error occurred in
       globbing. Error messages are placed in interp (unless interp is NULL, which  is  allowed),
       but good results are placed in the resultPtr given.

       Note  that  the  glob code implements recursive patterns internally, so this function will
       only ever be passed simple patterns, which can be matched using the logic of string match.
       To handle recursion, Tcl will call this function frequently asking only for directories to
       be returned. A special case of being called with a NULL pattern indicates  that  the  path
       needs to be checked only for the correct type.

       Tcl_FSLink  replaces  the  library  version  of  readlink,  and  extends it to support the
       creation of links. The appropriate  function  for  the  filesystem  to  which  linkNamePtr
       belongs will be called.

       If  the  toPtr  is  NULL,  a  “read  link”  action  is  performed. The result is a Tcl_Obj
       specifying the contents of the symbolic link given by linkNamePtr, or  NULL  if  the  link
       could  not  be read. The result is owned by the caller, which should call Tcl_DecrRefCount
       when the result is no longer needed. If the toPtr is not NULL, Tcl should create a link of
       one  of  the  types passed in in the linkAction flag. This flag is an OR'ed combination of
       TCL_CREATE_SYMBOLIC_LINK and TCL_CREATE_HARD_LINK.  Where a choice exists (i.e. more  than
       one  flag  is  passed  in), the Tcl convention is to prefer symbolic links. When a link is
       successfully created, the return value should be toPtr (which is therefore  already  owned
       by the caller). If unsuccessful, NULL is returned.

       Tcl_FSLstat  fills  the Tcl_StatBuf structure statPtr with information about the specified
       file. You do not need any access rights to the file to get this information but  you  need
       search  rights  to  all directories named in the path leading to the file. The Tcl_StatBuf
       structure includes info regarding device, inode (always 0  on  Windows),  privilege  mode,
       nlink  (always  1  on  Windows),  user  id  (always  0  on Windows), group id (always 0 on
       Windows), rdev (same as device on Windows), size,  last  access  time,  last  modification
       time,  and  last  metadata change time.  See PORTABLE STAT RESULT API for a description of
       how to write portable code to allocate and access the Tcl_StatBuf structure.

       If path exists, Tcl_FSLstat returns  0  and  the  stat  structure  is  filled  with  data.
       Otherwise, -1 is returned, and no stat info is given.

       Tcl_FSUtime replaces the library version of utime.

       This returns 0 on success and -1 on error (as per the utime documentation). If successful,
       the function will update the “atime” and “mtime” values of the file given.

       Tcl_FSFileAttrsGet implements read access for the hookable file attributes subcommand. The
       appropriate function for the filesystem to which pathPtr belongs will be called.

       If  the  result  is  TCL_OK,  then  a  value  was  placed in objPtrRef, which will only be
       temporarily valid (unless Tcl_IncrRefCount is called).

       Tcl_FSFileAttrsSet implements write access for the hookable  file  attributes  subcommand.
       The appropriate function for the filesystem to which pathPtr belongs will be called.

       Tcl_FSFileAttrStrings  implements  part  of  the  hookable file attributes subcommand. The
       appropriate function for the filesystem to which pathPtr belongs will be called.

       The called procedure may either return an array of strings, or may instead return NULL and
       place a Tcl list into the given objPtrRef. Tcl will take that list and first increment its
       reference count before using it.  On completion  of  that  use,  Tcl  will  decrement  its
       reference  count. Hence if the list should be disposed of by Tcl when done, it should have
       a reference count of zero, and if the list should  not  be  disposed  of,  the  filesystem
       should ensure it retains a reference count to the value.

       Tcl_FSAccess  checks  whether  the  process  would  be  allowed to read, write or test for
       existence of the file (or other filesystem object) whose name is pathname. If pathname  is
       a  symbolic  link on Unix, then permissions of the file referred by this symbolic link are
       tested.

       On success (all requested permissions granted), zero is returned. On error (at  least  one
       bit  in  mode  asked for a permission that is denied, or some other error occurred), -1 is
       returned.

       Tcl_FSStat fills the Tcl_StatBuf structure statPtr with information  about  the  specified
       file.  You  do not need any access rights to the file to get this information but you need
       search rights to all directories named in the path leading to the  file.  The  Tcl_StatBuf
       structure  includes  info  regarding  device, inode (always 0 on Windows), privilege mode,
       nlink (always 1 on Windows), user id  (always  0  on  Windows),  group  id  (always  0  on
       Windows),  rdev  (same  as  device  on Windows), size, last access time, last modification
       time, and last metadata change time.  See PORTABLE STAT RESULT API for  a  description  of
       how to write portable code to allocate and access the Tcl_StatBuf structure.

       If  path  exists,  Tcl_FSStat  returns  0  and  the  stat  structure  is filled with data.
       Otherwise, -1 is returned, and no stat info is given.

       Tcl_FSOpenFileChannel opens a file specified by pathPtr and returns a channel handle  that
       can  be  used to perform input and output on the file. This API is modeled after the fopen
       procedure of the Unix standard I/O library.  The syntax and meaning of  all  arguments  is
       similar  to  those  given in the Tcl open command when opening a file.  If an error occurs
       while opening the channel, Tcl_FSOpenFileChannel returns NULL and records  a  POSIX  error
       code  that  can  be  retrieved  with  Tcl_GetErrno.   In  addition, if interp is non-NULL,
       Tcl_FSOpenFileChannel leaves an error message in interp's result after any error.

       The newly created channel is not registered in the supplied interpreter; to  register  it,
       use  Tcl_RegisterChannel.   If  one  of the standard channels, stdin, stdout or stderr was
       previously closed, the act of creating the new channel also assigns it  as  a  replacement
       for the standard channel.

       Tcl_FSGetCwd replaces the library version of getcwd.

       It  returns  the  Tcl  library's  current  working directory. This may be different to the
       native platform's working directory, which happens when the current working  directory  is
       not in the native filesystem.

       The  result  is  a  pointer  to a Tcl_Obj specifying the current directory, or NULL if the
       current directory could not be determined. If NULL is returned, an error message  is  left
       in the interp's result.

       The  result  already  has  its  reference  count incremented for the caller. When it is no
       longer needed, that reference count should be decremented.  This  is  needed  for  thread-
       safety  purposes,  to  allow  multiple threads to access this and related functions, while
       ensuring the results are always valid.

       Tcl_FSChdir replaces the library version of chdir. The path is normalized and then  passed
       to  the  filesystem  which claims it. If that filesystem does not implement this function,
       Tcl will fallback to a combination of stat and  access  to  check  whether  the  directory
       exists and has appropriate permissions.

       For  results,  see  chdir documentation. If successful, we keep a record of the successful
       path in cwdPathPtr for subsequent calls to Tcl_FSGetCwd.

       Tcl_FSPathSeparator returns the separator character to be used for most  specific  element
       of the path specified by pathPtr (i.e. the last part of the path).

       The  separator  is  returned  as a Tcl_Obj containing a string of length 1. If the path is
       invalid, NULL is returned.

       Tcl_FSJoinPath takes the given Tcl_Obj, which must be a valid list (which  is  allowed  to
       have a reference count of zero), and returns the path value given by considering the first
       elements elements as valid path segments (each path segment may  be  a  complete  path,  a
       partial  path  or  just  a single possible directory or file name). If any path segment is
       actually an absolute path, then all prior path segments are  discarded.   If  elements  is
       less than 0, we use the entire list.

       It  is  possible  that the returned value is actually an element of the given list, so the
       caller should be careful to increment the reference count of the result before freeing the
       list.

       The returned value, typically with a reference count of zero (but it could be shared under
       some conditions), contains the joined path. The caller must add a reference count  to  the
       value  before using it. In particular, the returned value could be an element of the given
       list, so freeing the list might free the value prematurely if no reference count has  been
       taken.  If the number of elements is zero, then the returned value will be an empty-string
       Tcl_Obj.

       Tcl_FSSplitPath takes the given Tcl_Obj, which should be a valid path, and returns  a  Tcl
       list  value  containing  each segment of that path as an element.  It returns a list value
       with a reference count of zero. If the passed in  lenPtr  is  non-NULL,  the  variable  it
       points to will be updated to contain the number of elements in the returned list.

       Tcl_FSEqualPaths  tests  whether the two paths given represent the same filesystem object.
       It returns 1 if the paths are equal, and 0 if they are different. If either path is  NULL,
       0 is always returned.

       Tcl_FSGetNormalizedPath this important function attempts to extract from the given Tcl_Obj
       a unique normalized path representation, whose string  value  can  be  used  as  a  unique
       identifier for the file.

       It  returns  the  normalized  path value, owned by Tcl, or NULL if the path was invalid or
       could otherwise not be successfully converted.  Extraction of absolute,  normalized  paths
       is  very  efficient (because the filesystem operates on these representations internally),
       although the result when the filesystem contains numerous symbolic links may  not  be  the
       most  user-friendly version of a path. The return value is owned by Tcl and has a lifetime
       equivalent to that of the pathPtr passed in (unless that is a relative path, in which case
       the  normalized  path  value  may  be  freed any time the cwd changes) - the caller can of
       course increment the reference count if it wishes to maintain a copy for longer.

       Tcl_FSJoinToPath takes the given value, which should usually be a valid path or NULL,  and
       joins onto it the array of paths segments given.

       Returns a value, typically with reference count of zero (but it could be shared under some
       conditions), containing the joined path. The caller must add  a  reference  count  to  the
       value  before  using  it.  If any of the values passed into this function (pathPtr or path
       elements) have a reference count of zero, they will be freed when this function returns.

       Tcl_FSConvertToPathType tries to convert the given Tcl_Obj  to  a  valid  Tcl  path  type,
       taking  account  of  the  fact that the cwd may have changed even if this value is already
       supposedly of the correct type.  The filename may begin  with  “~”  (to  indicate  current
       user's home directory) or “~<user>” (to indicate any user's home directory).

       If  the  conversion  succeeds  (i.e. the  value  is  a  valid  path  in one of the current
       filesystems), then TCL_OK is returned. Otherwise  TCL_ERROR  is  returned,  and  an  error
       message may be left in the interpreter.

       Tcl_FSGetInternalRep  extracts  the  internal representation of a given path value, in the
       given filesystem. If the path value belongs to a different filesystem, we return NULL.  If
       the  internal  representation is currently NULL, we attempt to generate it, by calling the
       filesystem's Tcl_FSCreateInternalRepProc.

       Returns NULL or a valid internal path  representation.  This  internal  representation  is
       cached, so that repeated calls to this function will not require additional conversions.

       Tcl_FSGetTranslatedPath attempts to extract the translated path from the given Tcl_Obj.

       If  the  translation  succeeds  (i.e. the  value  is  a  valid path), then it is returned.
       Otherwise NULL will be returned, and an error message may be left in  the  interpreter.  A
       “translated”  path  is  one  which  contains  no “~” or “~user” sequences (these have been
       expanded to their current representation in the filesystem). The value returned  is  owned
       by  the  caller,  which  must store it or call Tcl_DecrRefCount to ensure memory is freed.
       This   function   is   of   little   practical   use,   and   Tcl_FSGetNormalizedPath   or
       Tcl_FSGetNativePath are usually better functions to use for most purposes.

       Tcl_FSGetTranslatedStringPath  does  the  same  as  Tcl_FSGetTranslatedPath, but returns a
       character string or NULL.  The string returned is dynamically allocated and owned  by  the
       caller,   which   must   store   it   or  call  ckfree  to  ensure  it  is  freed.  Again,
       Tcl_FSGetNormalizedPath or Tcl_FSGetNativePath are usually better  functions  to  use  for
       most purposes.

       Tcl_FSNewNativePath  performs something like the reverse of the usual obj->path->nativerep
       conversions. If some code retrieves a path in native form (from, e.g. readlink or a native
       dialog),  and  that  path is to be used at the Tcl level, then calling this function is an
       efficient way of creating the appropriate path value type.

       The resulting value is a pure “path”  value,  which  will  only  receive  a  UTF-8  string
       representation if that is required by some Tcl code.

       Tcl_FSGetNativePath is for use by the Win/Unix native filesystems, so that they can easily
       retrieve the native (char* or TCHAR*)  representation  of  a  path.  This  function  is  a
       convenience wrapper around Tcl_FSGetInternalRep. It may be desirable in the future to have
       non-string-based native representations (for example, on MacOSX, a representation using  a
       fileSpec  of  FSRef structure would probably be more efficient). On Windows a full Unicode
       representation would allow for paths of unlimited length. Currently the representation  is
       simply  a  character  string  which  may  contain  either the relative path or a complete,
       absolute normalized path in the native encoding (complex conditions dictate which of these
       will be provided, so neither can be relied upon, unless the path is known to be absolute).
       If you need a native path which must be absolute, then  you  should  ask  for  the  native
       version of a normalized path. If for some reason a non-absolute, non-normalized version of
       the   path   is   needed,   that    must    be    constructed    separately    (e.g. using
       Tcl_FSGetTranslatedPath).

       The  native  representation  is  cached  so  that repeated calls to this function will not
       require additional conversions. The return value is  owned  by  Tcl  and  has  a  lifetime
       equivalent to that of the pathPtr passed in (unless that is a relative path, in which case
       the native representation may be freed any time the cwd changes).

       Tcl_FSFileSystemInfo returns a list of two elements. The first element is the name of  the
       filesystem  (e.g.   “native”,  “vfs”, “zip”, or “prowrap”, perhaps), and the second is the
       particular type of the given path within that filesystem (which is filesystem  dependent).
       The   second  element  may  be  empty  if  the  filesystem  does  not  provide  a  further
       categorization of files.

       A valid list value is returned, unless the path value is not recognized, when NULL will be
       returned.

       Tcl_FSGetFileSystemForPath returns a pointer to the Tcl_Filesystem which accepts this path
       as valid.

       If no filesystem will accept the path, NULL is returned.

       Tcl_FSGetPathType determines whether the given path is relative to the current  directory,
       relative to the current volume, or absolute.

       It returns one of TCL_PATH_ABSOLUTE, TCL_PATH_RELATIVE, or TCL_PATH_VOLUME_RELATIVE

   PORTABLE STAT RESULT API
       Tcl_AllocStatBuf  allocates  a Tcl_StatBuf on the system heap (which may be deallocated by
       being passed to ckfree). This allows  extensions  to  invoke  Tcl_FSStat  and  Tcl_FSLstat
       without  being dependent on the size of the buffer. That in turn depends on the flags used
       to build Tcl.

       The portable fields of a Tcl_StatBuf may be read using the following  functions,  each  of │
       which returns the value of the corresponding field listed in the table below. Note that on │
       some platforms there may be other fields in the Tcl_StatBuf  as  it  is  an  alias  for  a │
       suitable  system  structure,  but only the portable ones are made available here. See your │
       system documentation for a full description of these fields.                               │

              Access Function                    FieldTcl_GetFSDeviceFromStat            st_dev                                          │
               Tcl_GetFSInodeFromStat             st_ino                                          │
               Tcl_GetModeFromStat                st_mode                                         │
               Tcl_GetLinkCountFromStat           st_nlink                                        │
               Tcl_GetUserIdFromStat              st_uid                                          │
               Tcl_GetGroupIdFromStat             st_gid                                          │
               Tcl_GetDeviceTypeFromStat          st_rdev                                         │
               Tcl_GetAccessTimeFromStat          st_atime                                        │
               Tcl_GetModificationTimeFromStat    st_mtime                                        │
               Tcl_GetChangeTimeFromStat          st_ctime                                        │
               Tcl_GetSizeFromStat                st_size                                         │
               Tcl_GetBlocksFromStat              st_blocks                                       │
               Tcl_GetBlockSizeFromStat           st_blksize                                      │

THE VIRTUAL FILESYSTEM API

       A filesystem provides a Tcl_Filesystem structure that contains pointers to functions  that
       implement  the  various operations on a filesystem; these operations are invoked as needed
       by the generic layer, which generally occurs through the functions listed above.

       The Tcl_Filesystem structures are manipulated using the following methods.

       Tcl_FSRegister takes a pointer to a filesystem structure and an optional piece of data  to
       associated  with that filesystem. On calling this function, Tcl will attach the filesystem
       to the list of known filesystems, and it will become  fully  functional  immediately.  Tcl
       does not check if the same filesystem is registered multiple times (and in general that is
       not a good thing to do). TCL_OK will be returned.

       Tcl_FSUnregister  removes  the  given  filesystem  structure  from  the  list   of   known
       filesystems,  if  it  is  known,  and  returns  TCL_OK. If the filesystem is not currently
       registered, TCL_ERROR is returned.

       Tcl_FSData will return the ClientData  associated  with  the  given  filesystem,  if  that
       filesystem is registered. Otherwise it will return NULL.

       Tcl_FSMountsChanged  is used to inform the Tcl's core that the set of mount points for the
       given (already registered) filesystem have changed, and that cached  file  representations
       may therefore no longer be correct.

   THE TCL_FILESYSTEM STRUCTURE
       The Tcl_Filesystem structure contains the following fields:

              typedef struct Tcl_Filesystem {
                  const char *typeName;
                  int structureLength;
                  Tcl_FSVersion version;
                  Tcl_FSPathInFilesystemProc *pathInFilesystemProc;
                  Tcl_FSDupInternalRepProc *dupInternalRepProc;
                  Tcl_FSFreeInternalRepProc *freeInternalRepProc;
                  Tcl_FSInternalToNormalizedProc *internalToNormalizedProc;
                  Tcl_FSCreateInternalRepProc *createInternalRepProc;
                  Tcl_FSNormalizePathProc *normalizePathProc;
                  Tcl_FSFilesystemPathTypeProc *filesystemPathTypeProc;
                  Tcl_FSFilesystemSeparatorProc *filesystemSeparatorProc;
                  Tcl_FSStatProc *statProc;
                  Tcl_FSAccessProc *accessProc;
                  Tcl_FSOpenFileChannelProc *openFileChannelProc;
                  Tcl_FSMatchInDirectoryProc *matchInDirectoryProc;
                  Tcl_FSUtimeProc *utimeProc;
                  Tcl_FSLinkProc *linkProc;
                  Tcl_FSListVolumesProc *listVolumesProc;
                  Tcl_FSFileAttrStringsProc *fileAttrStringsProc;
                  Tcl_FSFileAttrsGetProc *fileAttrsGetProc;
                  Tcl_FSFileAttrsSetProc *fileAttrsSetProc;
                  Tcl_FSCreateDirectoryProc *createDirectoryProc;
                  Tcl_FSRemoveDirectoryProc *removeDirectoryProc;
                  Tcl_FSDeleteFileProc *deleteFileProc;
                  Tcl_FSCopyFileProc *copyFileProc;
                  Tcl_FSRenameFileProc *renameFileProc;
                  Tcl_FSCopyDirectoryProc *copyDirectoryProc;
                  Tcl_FSLstatProc *lstatProc;
                  Tcl_FSLoadFileProc *loadFileProc;
                  Tcl_FSGetCwdProc *getCwdProc;
                  Tcl_FSChdirProc *chdirProc;
              } Tcl_Filesystem;

       Except  for  the  first three fields in this structure which contain simple data elements,
       all entries contain addresses of functions called  by  the  generic  filesystem  layer  to
       perform the complete range of filesystem related actions.

       The many functions in this structure are broken down into three categories: infrastructure
       functions (almost all of which must be implemented), operational functions (which must  be
       implemented  if  a  complete filesystem is provided), and efficiency functions (which need
       only be implemented if they can be done so efficiently, or if they have side-effects which
       are required by the filesystem; Tcl has less efficient emulations it can fall back on). It
       is important to note that, in the current version of Tcl, most of these fallbacks are only
       used  to  handle  commands  initiated in Tcl, not in C. What this means is, that if a file
       rename command is issued in Tcl, and the relevant filesystem(s)  do  not  implement  their
       Tcl_FSRenameFileProc,  Tcl's  core  will  instead  fallback  on  a  combination  of  other
       filesystem functions (it will use Tcl_FSCopyFileProc followed by Tcl_FSDeleteFileProc, and
       if  Tcl_FSCopyFileProc  is  not  implemented  there  is a further fallback). However, if a
       Tcl_FSRenameFileProc command is issued at the C level, no such fallbacks  occur.  This  is
       true  except  for  the  last four entries in the filesystem table (lstat, load, getcwd and
       chdir) for which fallbacks do in fact occur at the C level.

       Any functions which take path names in Tcl_Obj form take those names in  UTF-8  form.  The
       filesystem infrastructure API is designed to support efficient, cached conversion of these
       UTF-8 paths to other native representations.

   EXAMPLE FILESYSTEM DEFINITION
       Here is the filesystem lookup table used by the “vfs” extension  which  allows  filesystem
       actions to be implemented in Tcl.

              static Tcl_Filesystem vfsFilesystem = {
                  "tclvfs",
                  sizeof(Tcl_Filesystem),
                  TCL_FILESYSTEM_VERSION_1,
                  &VfsPathInFilesystem,
                  &VfsDupInternalRep,
                  &VfsFreeInternalRep,
                  /* No internal to normalized, since we don't create
                   * any pure 'internal' Tcl_Obj path representations */
                  NULL,
                  /* No create native rep function, since we don't use
                   * it and don't choose to support uses of
                   * Tcl_FSNewNativePath */
                  NULL,
                  /* Normalize path isn't needed - we assume paths only
                   * have one representation */
                  NULL,
                  &VfsFilesystemPathType,
                  &VfsFilesystemSeparator,
                  &VfsStat,
                  &VfsAccess,
                  &VfsOpenFileChannel,
                  &VfsMatchInDirectory,
                  &VfsUtime,
                  /* We choose not to support symbolic links inside our
                   * VFS's */
                  NULL,
                  &VfsListVolumes,
                  &VfsFileAttrStrings,
                  &VfsFileAttrsGet,
                  &VfsFileAttrsSet,
                  &VfsCreateDirectory,
                  &VfsRemoveDirectory,
                  &VfsDeleteFile,
                  /* No copy file; use the core fallback mechanism */
                  NULL,
                  /* No rename file; use the core fallback mechanism */
                  NULL,
                  /* No copy directory; use the core fallback mechanism */
                  NULL,
                  /* Core will use stat for lstat */
                  NULL,
                  /* No load; use the core fallback mechanism */
                  NULL,
                  /* We don't need a getcwd or chdir; the core's own
                   * internal value is suitable */
                  NULL,
                  NULL
              };

FILESYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE

       These  fields  contain  basic  information about the filesystem structure and addresses of
       functions which are used to associate a particular filesystem with a file path,  and  deal
       with  the  internal handling of path representations, for example copying and freeing such
       representations.

   TYPENAME
       The typeName field contains a null-terminated string  that  identifies  the  type  of  the
       filesystem implemented, e.g.  “native”, “zip” or “vfs”.

   STRUCTURE LENGTH
       The structureLength field is generally implemented as sizeof(Tcl_Filesystem), and is there
       to allow easier binary backwards compatibility if the size of the structure changes  in  a
       future Tcl release.

   VERSION
       The version field should be set to TCL_FILESYSTEM_VERSION_1.

   PATHINFILESYSTEMPROC
       The  pathInFilesystemProc  field  contains  the  address  of a function which is called to
       determine whether a given path value belongs to this filesystem or not. Tcl will only call
       the  rest  of  the  filesystem  functions with a path for which this function has returned
       TCL_OK.  If the path does not belong, -1 should be returned (the behavior of Tcl  for  any
       other return value is not defined). If TCL_OK is returned, then the optional clientDataPtr
       output parameter can be used to return an internal (filesystem specific) representation of
       the  path, which will be cached inside the path value, and may be retrieved efficiently by
       the other filesystem functions. Tcl will simultaneously cache  the  fact  that  this  path
       belongs  to  this  filesystem.  Such caches are invalidated when filesystem structures are
       added or removed from Tcl's internal list of known filesystems.

              typedef int Tcl_FSPathInFilesystemProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      ClientData *clientDataPtr);

   DUPINTERNALREPPROC
       This function makes a copy of a path's internal representation, and  is  called  when  Tcl
       needs  to  duplicate  a  path  value.  If  NULL,  Tcl  will  simply  not copy the internal
       representation, which may then need to be regenerated later.

              typedef ClientData Tcl_FSDupInternalRepProc(
                      ClientData clientData);

   FREEINTERNALREPPROC
       Free the internal representation. This must be  implemented  if  internal  representations
       need  freeing  (i.e. if  some  memory  is  allocated  when  an  internal representation is
       generated), but may otherwise be NULL.

              typedef void Tcl_FSFreeInternalRepProc(
                      ClientData clientData);

   INTERNALTONORMALIZEDPROC
       Function to convert internal representation to a normalized path.  Only  required  if  the
       filesystem  creates  pure path values with no string/path representation. The return value
       is a Tcl value whose string representation is the normalized path.

              typedef Tcl_Obj *Tcl_FSInternalToNormalizedProc(
                      ClientData clientData);

   CREATEINTERNALREPPROC
       Function to take a path value, and calculate an internal representation for it, and  store
       that  native  representation  in  the  value.  May  be  NULL  if  paths  have  no internal
       representation,  or  if  the  Tcl_FSPathInFilesystemProc  for   this   filesystem   always
       immediately creates an internal representation for paths it accepts.

              typedef ClientData Tcl_FSCreateInternalRepProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr);

   NORMALIZEPATHPROC
       Function  to  normalize  a  path. Should be implemented for all filesystems which can have
       multiple string representations for the same path value. In Tcl, every “path” must have  a
       single  unique  “normalized” string representation. Depending on the filesystem, there may
       be more than one unnormalized string representation which  refers  to  that  path  (e.g. a
       relative path, a path with different character case if the filesystem is case insensitive,
       a path contain a reference to a home directory such as “~”,  a  path  containing  symbolic
       links,  etc).  If the very last component in the path is a symbolic link, it should not be
       converted into the value it points to (but its  case  or  other  aspects  should  be  made
       unique).  All  other  path  components  should  be converted from symbolic links. This one
       exception is required to agree with Tcl's semantics with file delete,  file  rename,  file
       copy  operating on symbolic links.  This function may be called with nextCheckpoint either
       at the beginning of the path (i.e. zero), at the end of the path, or at  any  intermediate
       file  separator  in  the  path. It will never point to any other arbitrary position in the
       path. In the last of the three valid cases, the implementation can assume that the path up
       to and including the file separator is known and normalized.

              typedef int Tcl_FSNormalizePathProc(
                      Tcl_Interp *interp,
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      int nextCheckpoint);

FILESYSTEM OPERATIONS

       The  fields  in  this  section  of  the structure contain addresses of functions which are
       called to carry out the basic filesystem operations. A filesystem which expects to be used
       with  the  complete  standard Tcl command set must implement all of these. If some of them
       are not implemented, then certain Tcl commands may fail when  operating  on  paths  within
       that  filesystem.  However,  in some instances this may be desirable (for example, a read-
       only filesystem should not implement the last four functions, and a filesystem which  does
       not  support  symbolic  links  need not implement the readlink function, etc. The Tcl core
       expects filesystems to behave in this way).

   FILESYSTEMPATHTYPEPROC
       Function to determine the type of a path in this filesystem. May be NULL, in which case no
       type information will be available to users of the filesystem. The “type” is used only for
       informational purposes, and should be returned as the string representation of the Tcl_Obj
       which  is  returned.  A  typical  return  value might be “networked”, “zip” or “ftp”.  The
       Tcl_Obj result is owned by the filesystem and so Tcl will increment the reference count of
       that value if it wishes to retain a reference to it.

              typedef Tcl_Obj *Tcl_FSFilesystemPathTypeProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr);

   FILESYSTEMSEPARATORPROC
       Function  to  return  the  separator  character(s) for this filesystem.  This need only be
       implemented if the filesystem wishes to use a different separator than the standard string
       “/”.   Amongst  other uses, it is returned by the file separator command. The return value
       should be a value with reference count of zero.

              typedef Tcl_Obj *Tcl_FSFilesystemSeparatorProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr);

   STATPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSStat call. Must be implemented for any reasonable  filesystem,
       since many Tcl level commands depend crucially upon it (e.g. file atime, file isdirectory,
       file size, glob).

              typedef int Tcl_FSStatProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      Tcl_StatBuf *statPtr);

       The Tcl_FSStatProc fills the stat structure statPtr with information about  the  specified
       file.  You  do not need any access rights to the file to get this information but you need
       search rights to all directories named in the path leading to the file. The stat structure
       includes info regarding device, inode (always 0 on Windows), privilege mode, nlink (always
       1 on Windows), user id (always 0 on Windows), group id (always 0 on Windows),  rdev  (same
       as  device  on Windows), size, last access time, last modification time, and last metadata
       change time.

       If the file represented by pathPtr exists, the  Tcl_FSStatProc  returns  0  and  the  stat
       structure is filled with data. Otherwise, -1 is returned, and no stat info is given.

   ACCESSPROC
       Function  to  process  a  Tcl_FSAccess  call.  Must  be  implemented  for  any  reasonable
       filesystem, since many Tcl level commands depend crucially upon it (e.g. file exists, file
       readable).

              typedef int Tcl_FSAccessProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      int mode);

       The  Tcl_FSAccessProc  checks  whether the process would be allowed to read, write or test
       for existence of the file (or other filesystem object) whose name is in  pathPtr.  If  the
       pathname  refers  to  a  symbolic  link, then the permissions of the file referred by this
       symbolic link should be tested.

       On success (all requested permissions granted), zero is returned. On error (at  least  one
       bit  in  mode asked for a permission that is denied, or some other  error occurred), -1 is
       returned.

   OPENFILECHANNELPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSOpenFileChannel call. Must be implemented for  any  reasonable
       filesystem,  since  any  operations which require open or accessing a file's contents will
       use it (e.g. open, encoding, and many Tk commands).

              typedef Tcl_Channel Tcl_FSOpenFileChannelProc(
                      Tcl_Interp *interp,
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      int mode,
                      int permissions);

       The Tcl_FSOpenFileChannelProc opens a file specified by  pathPtr  and  returns  a  channel
       handle that can be used to perform input and output on the file. This API is modeled after
       the fopen procedure of the Unix standard I/O  library.  The  syntax  and  meaning  of  all
       arguments is similar to those given in the Tcl open command when opening a file, where the
       mode argument is a combination of the POSIX flags O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY,  etc.  If  an  error
       occurs while opening the channel, the Tcl_FSOpenFileChannelProc returns NULL and records a
       POSIX error code that can be retrieved with Tcl_GetErrno.  In addition, if interp is  non-
       NULL,  the  Tcl_FSOpenFileChannelProc leaves an error message in interp's result after any
       error.

       The newly created channel must  not  be  registered  in  the  supplied  interpreter  by  a
       Tcl_FSOpenFileChannelProc;  that  task  is  up  to the caller of Tcl_FSOpenFileChannel (if
       necessary). If one of the standard  channels,  stdin,  stdout  or  stderr  was  previously
       closed,  the  act  of  creating  the  new channel also assigns it as a replacement for the
       standard channel.

   MATCHINDIRECTORYPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSMatchInDirectory call.  If  not  implemented,  then  glob  and
       recursive  copy  functionality  will  be  lacking  in  the filesystem (and this may impact
       commands like encoding names which use glob functionality internally).

              typedef int Tcl_FSMatchInDirectoryProc(
                      Tcl_Interp *interp,
                      Tcl_Obj *resultPtr,
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      const char *pattern,
                      Tcl_GlobTypeData *types);

       The function should return all files or directories (or other  filesystem  objects)  which
       match  the given pattern and accord with the types specification given. There are two ways
       in which this function may be called. If pattern is NULL, then  pathPtr  is  a  full  path
       specification  of  a  single  file  or directory which should be checked for existence and
       correct type. Otherwise, pathPtr is a directory, the contents of which the function should
       search  for  files or directories which have the correct type. In either case, pathPtr can
       be assumed to be both non-NULL and non-empty.  It  is  not  currently  documented  whether
       pathPtr  will  have a file separator at its end of not, so code should be flexible to both
       possibilities.

       The return value is a standard Tcl result indicating whether  an  error  occurred  in  the
       matching process. Error messages are placed in interp, unless interp in NULL in which case
       no error message need be generated; on a TCL_OK result, results should  be  added  to  the
       resultPtr  value given (which can be assumed to be a valid unshared Tcl list). The matches
       added to resultPtr should include any path prefix given in  pathPtr  (this  usually  means
       they  will  be  absolute  path  specifications).   Note that if no matches are found, that
       simply leads to an empty result; errors are only signaled for actual  file  or  filesystem
       problems which may occur during the matching process.

       The  Tcl_GlobTypeData  structure  passed  in  the  types  parameter contains the following
       fields:

              typedef struct Tcl_GlobTypeData {
                  /* Corresponds to bcdpfls as in 'find -t' */
                  int type;
                  /* Corresponds to file permissions */
                  int perm;
                  /* Acceptable mac type */
                  Tcl_Obj *macType;
                  /* Acceptable mac creator */
                  Tcl_Obj *macCreator;
              } Tcl_GlobTypeData;

       There are two specific cases which it is important to handle correctly, both when types is
       non-NULL.  The  two  cases  are  when  types->types  & TCL_GLOB_TYPE_DIR or types->types &
       TCL_GLOB_TYPE_MOUNT are true (and in particular when the other flags are  false).  In  the
       first  of  these cases, the function must list the contained directories. Tcl uses this to
       implement recursive globbing, so it  is  critical  that  filesystems  implement  directory
       matching correctly. In the second of these cases, with TCL_GLOB_TYPE_MOUNT, the filesystem
       must list the mount points which lie within the given pathPtr (and in this  case,  pathPtr
       need  not  lie  within  the  same  filesystem - different to all other cases in which this
       function is called). Support for this is critical if Tcl is to have  seamless  transitions
       between from one filesystem to another.

   UTIMEPROC
       Function  to  process a Tcl_FSUtime call. Required to allow setting (not reading) of times
       with file mtime, file atime and the open-r/open-w/fcopy implementation of file copy.

              typedef int Tcl_FSUtimeProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      struct utimbuf *tval);

       The access and modification times of the file specified by pathPtr should  be  changed  to
       the values given in the tval structure.

       The return value should be 0 on success and -1 on an error, as with the system utime.

   LINKPROC
       Function  to  process  a  Tcl_FSLink  call.  Should  be implemented only if the filesystem
       supports links, and may otherwise be NULL.

              typedef Tcl_Obj *Tcl_FSLinkProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *linkNamePtr,
                      Tcl_Obj *toPtr,
                      int linkAction);

       If toPtr is NULL, the function is being asked to read the contents of a link.  The  result
       is a Tcl_Obj specifying the contents of the link given by linkNamePtr, or NULL if the link
       could not be read. The result is owned by the caller (and should therefore  have  its  ref
       count incremented before being returned). Any callers should call Tcl_DecrRefCount on this
       result when it is no longer needed.  If toPtr is not NULL, the function should attempt  to
       create  a  link.   The  result in this case should be toPtr if the link was successful and
       NULL otherwise. In this case the result is not owned  by  the  caller  (i.e. no  reference
       count  manipulations  on  either end are needed). See the documentation for Tcl_FSLink for
       the correct interpretation of the linkAction flags.

   LISTVOLUMESPROC
       Function to list any filesystem volumes added by this filesystem.  Should  be  implemented
       only  if  the  filesystem  adds volumes at the head of the filesystem, so that they can be
       returned by file volumes.

              typedef Tcl_Obj *Tcl_FSListVolumesProc(void);

       The result should be a list of volumes added by this filesystem,  or  NULL  (or  an  empty
       list)  if  no  volumes  are  provided.  The  result value is considered to be owned by the
       filesystem (not by Tcl's core), but should be given a reference count for  Tcl.  Tcl  will
       use  the  contents  of  the  list  and  then  decrement  that reference count. This allows
       filesystems to choose whether they actually want to retain a “global list” of  volumes  or
       not  (if  not, they generate the list on the fly and pass it to Tcl with a reference count
       of 1 and then forget about the list, if yes, then  they  simply  increment  the  reference
       count  of  their  global  list  and  pass  it to Tcl which will copy the contents and then
       decrement the count back to where it was).

       Therefore, Tcl considers return values from this proc to be read-only.

   FILEATTRSTRINGSPROC
       Function to list all attribute strings  which  are  valid  for  this  filesystem.  If  not
       implemented  the  filesystem  will  not  support  the file attributes command. This allows
       arbitrary additional information to be attached to files in the filesystem. If it  is  not
       implemented, there is no need to implement the get and set methods.

              typedef const char *const *Tcl_FSFileAttrStringsProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      Tcl_Obj **objPtrRef);

       The  called function may either return an array of strings, or may instead return NULL and
       place a Tcl list into the given objPtrRef. Tcl will take that list and first increment its
       reference  count  before  using  it.   On  completion  of that use, Tcl will decrement its
       reference count. Hence if the list should be disposed of by Tcl when done, it should  have
       a  reference  count  of  zero,  and  if the list should not be disposed of, the filesystem
       should ensure it returns a value with a reference count of at least one.

   FILEATTRSGETPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSFileAttrsGet call, used by file attributes.

              typedef int Tcl_FSFileAttrsGetProc(
                      Tcl_Interp *interp,
                      int index,
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      Tcl_Obj **objPtrRef);

       Returns a standard Tcl return code. The attribute value retrieved,  which  corresponds  to
       the  index'th  element in the list returned by the Tcl_FSFileAttrStringsProc, is a Tcl_Obj
       placed in objPtrRef (if TCL_OK was returned) and is likely to have a  reference  count  of
       zero. Either way we must either store it somewhere (e.g. the Tcl result), or Incr/Decr its
       reference count to ensure it is properly freed.

   FILEATTRSSETPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSFileAttrsSet call, used by file attributes. If the  filesystem
       is read-only, there is no need to implement this.

              typedef int Tcl_FSFileAttrsSetProc(
                      Tcl_Interp *interp,
                      int index,
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      Tcl_Obj *objPtr);

       The   attribute   value   of   the   index'th   element   in  the  list  returned  by  the
       Tcl_FSFileAttrStringsProc should be set to the objPtr given.

   CREATEDIRECTORYPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSCreateDirectory call. Should be implemented unless the  FS  is
       read-only.

              typedef int Tcl_FSCreateDirectoryProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr);

       The  return  value  is  a  standard Tcl result indicating whether an error occurred in the
       process. If successful, a new directory should have been added to the  filesystem  in  the
       location specified by pathPtr.

   REMOVEDIRECTORYPROC
       Function  to  process a Tcl_FSRemoveDirectory call. Should be implemented unless the FS is
       read-only.

              typedef int Tcl_FSRemoveDirectoryProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      int recursive,
                      Tcl_Obj **errorPtr);

       The return value is a standard Tcl result indicating whether  an  error  occurred  in  the
       process.  If  successful, the directory specified by pathPtr should have been removed from
       the filesystem. If the recursive flag is given,  then  a  non-empty  directory  should  be
       deleted  without  error.  If this flag is not given, then and the directory is non-empty a
       POSIX “EEXIST” error should be signaled. If an error does occur, the name of the  file  or
       directory which caused the error should be placed in errorPtr.

   DELETEFILEPROC
       Function  to process a Tcl_FSDeleteFile call. Should be implemented unless the FS is read-
       only.

              typedef int Tcl_FSDeleteFileProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr);

       The return value is a standard Tcl result indicating whether  an  error  occurred  in  the
       process.  If  successful,  the file specified by pathPtr should have been removed from the
       filesystem. Note that, if the filesystem supports symbolic links,  Tcl  will  always  call
       this  function  and not Tcl_FSRemoveDirectoryProc when needed to delete them (even if they
       are symbolic links to directories).

FILESYSTEM EFFICIENCY

       These functions need not be implemented for a particular filesystem because the core has a
       fallback implementation available. See each individual description for the consequences of
       leaving the field NULL.

   LSTATPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSLstat call. If not implemented, Tcl will attempt  to  use  the
       statProc  defined above instead. Therefore it need only be implemented if a filesystem can
       differentiate between stat and lstat calls.

              typedef int Tcl_FSLstatProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      Tcl_StatBuf *statPtr);

       The behavior of this function is very similar to that of the Tcl_FSStatProc defined above,
       except  that  if  it is applied to a symbolic link, it returns information about the link,
       not about the target file.

   COPYFILEPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSCopyFile call. If not implemented Tcl will fall back on  open-
       r,  open-w and fcopy as a copying mechanism.  Therefore it need only be implemented if the
       filesystem can perform that action more efficiently.

              typedef int Tcl_FSCopyFileProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *srcPathPtr,
                      Tcl_Obj *destPathPtr);

       The return value is a standard Tcl result indicating whether  an  error  occurred  in  the
       copying  process.  Note  that, destPathPtr is the name of the file which should become the
       copy of srcPathPtr. It is never the name of a directory into  which  srcPathPtr  could  be
       copied  (i.e. the  function is much simpler than the Tcl level file copy subcommand). Note
       that, if the filesystem supports symbolic links, Tcl will always call  this  function  and
       not  copyDirectoryProc  when  needed  to  copy  them  (even  if they are symbolic links to
       directories). Finally, if the filesystem  determines  it  cannot  support  the  file  copy
       action, calling Tcl_SetErrno(EXDEV) and returning a non-TCL_OK result will tell Tcl to use
       its standard fallback mechanisms.

   RENAMEFILEPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSRenameFile call. If not implemented, Tcl will fall back  on  a
       copy  and  delete  mechanism.  Therefore it need only be implemented if the filesystem can
       perform that action more efficiently.

              typedef int Tcl_FSRenameFileProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *srcPathPtr,
                      Tcl_Obj *destPathPtr);

       The return value is a standard Tcl result indicating whether  an  error  occurred  in  the
       renaming  process.  If the filesystem determines it cannot support the file rename action,
       calling Tcl_SetErrno(EXDEV) and returning a non-TCL_OK result will tell  Tcl  to  use  its
       standard fallback mechanisms.

   COPYDIRECTORYPROC
       Function  to process a Tcl_FSCopyDirectory call. If not implemented, Tcl will fall back on
       a recursive file mkdir, file copy mechanism. Therefore it need only be implemented if  the
       filesystem can perform that action more efficiently.

              typedef int Tcl_FSCopyDirectoryProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *srcPathPtr,
                      Tcl_Obj *destPathPtr,
                      Tcl_Obj **errorPtr);

       The  return  value  is  a  standard Tcl result indicating whether an error occurred in the
       copying process. If an error does occur, the name of the file or  directory  which  caused
       the  error  should  be  placed  in  errorPtr.  Note  that,  destPathPtr is the name of the
       directory-name which should become the mirror-image of srcPathPtr. It is not the name of a
       directory  into  which srcPathPtr should be copied (i.e. the function is much simpler than
       the Tcl level file copy subcommand). Finally,  if  the  filesystem  determines  it  cannot
       support  the directory copy action, calling Tcl_SetErrno(EXDEV) and returning a non-TCL_OK
       result will tell Tcl to use its standard fallback mechanisms.

   LOADFILEPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSLoadFile call. If not implemented, Tcl will  fall  back  on  a
       copy to native-temp followed by a Tcl_FSLoadFile on that temporary copy. Therefore it need
       only be implemented if the filesystem can load code directly, or  it  can  be  implemented
       simply to return TCL_ERROR to disable load functionality in this filesystem entirely.

              typedef int Tcl_FSLoadFileProc(
                      Tcl_Interp *interp,
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr,
                      Tcl_LoadHandle *handlePtr,
                      Tcl_FSUnloadFileProc *unloadProcPtr);

       Returns  a  standard  Tcl completion code. If an error occurs, an error message is left in
       the interp's result. The function dynamically loads a binary code file into memory.  On  a
       successful  load,  the  handlePtr should be filled with a token for the dynamically loaded
       file, and the unloadProcPtr should be filled in with the  address  of  a  procedure.   The
       unload  procedure  will be called with the given Tcl_LoadHandle as its only parameter when
       Tcl needs to unload the file. For example, for the native filesystem,  the  Tcl_LoadHandle
       returned  is  currently  a token which can be used in the private TclpFindSymbol to access
       functions in the new code. Each filesystem is free to  define  the  Tcl_LoadHandle  as  it
       requires.  Finally,  if  the filesystem determines it cannot support the file load action,
       calling Tcl_SetErrno(EXDEV) and returning a non-TCL_OK result will tell  Tcl  to  use  its
       standard fallback mechanisms.

   UNLOADFILEPROC
       Function  to  unload  a previously successfully loaded file. If load was implemented, then
       this should also be implemented, if there is any cleanup action required.

              typedef void Tcl_FSUnloadFileProc(
                      Tcl_LoadHandle loadHandle);

   GETCWDPROC
       Function to process a Tcl_FSGetCwd call. Most filesystems need not implement this. It will
       usually only be called once, if getcwd is called before chdir. May be NULL.

              typedef Tcl_Obj *Tcl_FSGetCwdProc(
                      Tcl_Interp *interp);

       If  the  filesystem  supports  a native notion of a current working directory (which might
       perhaps change independent of Tcl), this function should return that cwd as the result, or
       NULL  if  the  current  directory  could  not  be  determined (e.g. the user does not have
       appropriate permissions on the cwd directory). If NULL is returned, an  error  message  is
       left in the interp's result.

   CHDIRPROC
       Function  to  process a Tcl_FSChdir call. If filesystems do not implement this, it will be
       emulated by a series of directory access checks. Otherwise, virtual filesystems  which  do
       implement  it  need  only respond with a positive return result if the pathPtr is a valid,
       accessible directory in their filesystem. They need not remember the  result,  since  that
       will  be  automatically remembered for use by Tcl_FSGetCwd.  Real filesystems should carry
       out the correct action (i.e. call the correct system chdir API).

              typedef int Tcl_FSChdirProc(
                      Tcl_Obj *pathPtr);

       The Tcl_FSChdirProc changes the  applications  current  working  directory  to  the  value
       specified in pathPtr. The function returns -1 on error or 0 on success.

SEE ALSO

       cd(3tcl),  file(3tcl),  filename(3tcl),  load(3tcl),  open(3tcl), pwd(3tcl), source(3tcl),
       unload(3tcl)

KEYWORDS

       stat, access, filesystem, vfs, virtual filesystem