Provided by: tcl8.6-doc_8.6.14+dfsg-1build1_all bug

NAME

       Tcl_GetEncoding,   Tcl_FreeEncoding,   Tcl_GetEncodingFromObj,   Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString,
       Tcl_ExternalToUtf,   Tcl_UtfToExternalDString,    Tcl_UtfToExternal,    Tcl_WinTCharToUtf,
       Tcl_WinUtfToTChar,               Tcl_GetEncodingName,               Tcl_SetSystemEncoding,
       Tcl_GetEncodingNameFromEnvironment,       Tcl_GetEncodingNames,        Tcl_CreateEncoding,
       Tcl_GetEncodingSearchPath,      Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath,      Tcl_GetDefaultEncodingDir,
       Tcl_SetDefaultEncodingDir - procedures for creating and using encodings

SYNOPSIS

       #include <tcl.h>

       Tcl_Encoding
       Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, name)

       void
       Tcl_FreeEncoding(encoding)

       int
       Tcl_GetEncodingFromObj(interp, objPtr, encodingPtr)

       char *
       Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString(encoding, src, srcLen, dstPtr)

       char *
       Tcl_UtfToExternalDString(encoding, src, srcLen, dstPtr)

       int
       Tcl_ExternalToUtf(interp, encoding, src, srcLen, flags, statePtr,
                         dst, dstLen, srcReadPtr, dstWrotePtr, dstCharsPtr)

       int
       Tcl_UtfToExternal(interp, encoding, src, srcLen, flags, statePtr,
                         dst, dstLen, srcReadPtr, dstWrotePtr, dstCharsPtr)

       char *
       Tcl_WinTCharToUtf(tsrc, srcLen, dstPtr)

       TCHAR *
       Tcl_WinUtfToTChar(src, srcLen, dstPtr)

       const char *
       Tcl_GetEncodingName(encoding)

       int
       Tcl_SetSystemEncoding(interp, name)

       const char *
       Tcl_GetEncodingNameFromEnvironment(bufPtr)

       void
       Tcl_GetEncodingNames(interp)

       Tcl_Encoding
       Tcl_CreateEncoding(typePtr)

       Tcl_Obj *
       Tcl_GetEncodingSearchPath()

       int
       Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath(searchPath)

       const char *
       Tcl_GetDefaultEncodingDir(void)

       void
       Tcl_SetDefaultEncodingDir(path)

ARGUMENTS

       Tcl_Interp *interp (in)                           Interpreter to use for error  reporting,
                                                         or   NULL   if  no  error  reporting  is
                                                         desired.

       const char *name (in)                             Name of encoding to load.

       Tcl_Encoding encoding (in)                        The encoding to query, free, or use  for
                                                         converting  text.   If encoding is NULL,
                                                         the current system encoding is used.

       Tcl_Obj *objPtr (in)                              Name of encoding to get token for.

       Tcl_Encoding *encodingPtr (out)                   Points to storage where  encoding  token
                                                         is to be written.

       const char *src (in)                              For  the Tcl_ExternalToUtf functions, an
                                                         array of bytes in the specified encoding
                                                         that  are to be converted to UTF-8.  For
                                                         the        Tcl_UtfToExternal         and
                                                         Tcl_WinUtfToTChar functions, an array of
                                                         UTF-8 characters to be converted to  the
                                                         specified encoding.

       const TCHAR *tsrc (in)                            An  array of Windows TCHAR characters to
                                                         convert to UTF-8.

       int srcLen (in)                                   Length of src or tsrc in bytes.  If  the
                                                         length   is   negative,   the  encoding-
                                                         specific length of the string is used.

       Tcl_DString *dstPtr (out)                         Pointer  to  an  uninitialized  or  free
                                                         Tcl_DString   in   which  the  converted
                                                         result will be stored.

       int flags (in)                                    Various  flag   bits   OR-ed   together.
                                                         TCL_ENCODING_START  signifies  that  the
                                                         source buffer is the first  block  in  a
                                                         (potentially  multi-block) input stream,
                                                         telling the conversion routine to  reset
                                                         to  an  initial  state  and  perform any
                                                         initialization  that  needs   to   occur
                                                         before  the  first  byte  is  converted.
                                                         TCL_ENCODING_END  signifies   that   the
                                                         source  buffer  is  the  last block in a
                                                         (potentially multi-block) input  stream,
                                                         telling   the   conversion   routine  to
                                                         perform any finalization that  needs  to
                                                         occur  after  the last byte is converted
                                                         and then to reset to an  initial  state.
                                                         TCL_ENCODING_STOPONERROR  signifies that
                                                         the  conversion  routine  should  return
                                                         immediately   upon   reading   a  source
                                                         character that does  not  exist  in  the
                                                         target  encoding;  otherwise  a  default
                                                         fallback character will automatically be
                                                         substituted.

       Tcl_EncodingState *statePtr (in/out)              Used  when  converting a (generally long
                                                         or indefinite length) byte stream  in  a
                                                         piece-by-piece  fashion.  The conversion
                                                         routine  stores  its  current  state  in
                                                         *statePtr    after   src   (the   buffer
                                                         containing the current piece)  has  been
                                                         converted;  that  state information must
                                                         be passed back when converting the  next
                                                         piece  of  the  stream so the conversion
                                                         routine knows what state it was in  when
                                                         it  left  off  at  the  end  of the last
                                                         piece.  May be NULL, in which  case  the
                                                         value specified for flags is ignored and
                                                         the source buffer is assumed to  contain
                                                         the complete string to convert.

       char *dst (out)                                   Buffer  in  which  the  converted result
                                                         will be stored.   No  more  than  dstLen
                                                         bytes will be stored in dst.

       int dstLen (in)                                   The  maximum length of the output buffer
                                                         dst in bytes.

       int *srcReadPtr (out)                             Filled with the number of bytes from src
                                                         that  were actually converted.  This may
                                                         be less than the original source  length
                                                         if  there  was a problem converting some
                                                         source characters.  May be NULL.

       int *dstWrotePtr (out)                            Filled with the  number  of  bytes  that
                                                         were   actually  stored  in  the  output
                                                         buffer as a result  of  the  conversion.
                                                         May be NULL.

       int *dstCharsPtr (out)                            Filled  with  the  number  of characters
                                                         that correspond to the number  of  bytes
                                                         stored  in  the  output  buffer.  May be
                                                         NULL.

       Tcl_DString *bufPtr (out)                         Storage  for   the   prescribed   system
                                                         encoding name.

       const Tcl_EncodingType *typePtr (in)              Structure  that  defines  a  new type of
                                                         encoding.

       Tcl_Obj *searchPath (in)                          List of filesystem directories in  which
                                                         to search for encoding data files.

       const char *path (in)                             A  path  to the location of the encoding
                                                         file.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION

       These routines  convert  between  Tcl's  internal  character  representation,  UTF-8,  and
       character  representations  used  by  various  operating  systems or file systems, such as
       Unicode, ASCII, or Shift-JIS.  When operating on strings, such as such  as  obtaining  the
       names  of  files  or  displaying characters using international fonts, the strings must be
       translated into one or possibly multiple formats that the various system  calls  can  use.
       For  instance,  on a Japanese Unix workstation, a user might obtain a filename represented
       in the EUC-JP file encoding and  then  translate  the  characters  to  the  jisx0208  font
       encoding  in  order  to  display the filename in a Tk widget.  The purpose of the encoding
       package is to help bridge the translation gap.  UTF-8  provides  an  intermediate  staging
       ground for all the various encodings.  In the example above, text would be translated into
       UTF-8 from whatever file encoding the  operating  system  is  using.   Then  it  would  be
       translated from UTF-8 into whatever font encoding the display routines require.

       Some  basic  encodings  are  compiled  into  Tcl.   Others  can  be defined by the user or
       dynamically loaded from encoding files in a platform-independent manner.

DESCRIPTION

       Tcl_GetEncoding finds an encoding given its name.  The name may refer to  a  built-in  Tcl
       encoding,   a  user-defined  encoding  registered  by  calling  Tcl_CreateEncoding,  or  a
       dynamically-loadable encoding file.  The return value  is  a  token  that  represents  the
       encoding  and  can  be used in subsequent calls to procedures such as Tcl_GetEncodingName,
       Tcl_FreeEncoding, and Tcl_UtfToExternal.  If the name  did  not  refer  to  any  known  or
       loadable encoding, NULL is returned and an error message is returned in interp.

       The  encoding  package  maintains a database of all encodings currently in use.  The first
       time name is seen, Tcl_GetEncoding returns an encoding with a reference count  of  1.   If
       the  same  name  is requested further times, then the reference count for that encoding is
       incremented without the overhead of allocating a new encoding and all its associated  data
       structures.

       When  an  encoding  is  no longer needed, Tcl_FreeEncoding should be called to release it.
       When an encoding is no longer in use anywhere (i.e., it has been freed as many times as it
       has  been  gotten)  Tcl_FreeEncoding  will  release all storage the encoding was using and
       delete it from the database.

       Tcl_GetEncodingFromObj treats the string representation of objPtr as an encoding name, and
       finds an encoding with that name, just as Tcl_GetEncoding does. When an encoding is found,
       it is cached within the objPtr value for  future  reference,  the  Tcl_Encoding  token  is
       written  to the storage pointed to by encodingPtr, and the value TCL_OK is returned. If no
       such encoding is found, the value TCL_ERROR is returned, and no  writing  to  *encodingPtr
       takes  place. Just as with Tcl_GetEncoding, the caller should call Tcl_FreeEncoding on the
       resulting encoding token when that token will no longer be used.

       Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString converts a source buffer src from  the  specified  encoding  into
       UTF-8.   The  converted  bytes  are  stored in dstPtr, which is then null-terminated.  The
       caller should eventually call Tcl_DStringFree to free any information  stored  in  dstPtr.
       When  converting,  if  any of the characters in the source buffer cannot be represented in
       the target encoding, a default fallback character will be used.  The  return  value  is  a
       pointer to the value stored in the DString.

       Tcl_ExternalToUtf converts a source buffer src from the specified encoding into UTF-8.  Up
       to srcLen bytes are converted from the source buffer and up to dstLen converted bytes  are
       stored  in  dst.   In  all cases, *srcReadPtr is filled with the number of bytes that were
       successfully converted from src and *dstWrotePtr is filled with the  corresponding  number
       of bytes that were stored in dst.  The return value is one of the following:

              TCL_OK                       All bytes of src were converted.

              TCL_CONVERT_NOSPACE          The destination buffer was not large enough for all of
                                           the converted data; as many characters  as  could  fit
                                           were converted though.

              TCL_CONVERT_MULTIBYTE        The  last  few  bytes  in  the  source buffer were the
                                           beginning of a multibyte sequence, but more bytes were
                                           needed  to  complete this sequence.  A subsequent call
                                           to  the  conversion  routine  should  pass  a   buffer
                                           containing  the unconverted bytes that remained in src
                                           plus some further bytes  from  the  source  stream  to
                                           properly   convert  the  formerly  split-up  multibyte
                                           sequence.

              TCL_CONVERT_SYNTAX           The  source  buffer  contained  an  invalid  character
                                           sequence.  This may occur if the input stream has been
                                           damaged  or  if  the   input   encoding   method   was
                                           misidentified.

              TCL_CONVERT_UNKNOWN          The source buffer contained a character that could not
                                           be   represented   in   the   target   encoding    and
                                           TCL_ENCODING_STOPONERROR was specified.

       Tcl_UtfToExternalDString  converts  a  source  buffer  src  from  UTF-8 into the specified
       encoding.  The converted bytes are stored in dstPtr, which is  then  terminated  with  the
       appropriate  encoding-specific null.  The caller should eventually call Tcl_DStringFree to
       free any information stored in dstPtr.  When converting, if any of the characters  in  the
       source  buffer  cannot be represented in the target encoding, a default fallback character
       will be used.  The return value is a pointer to the value stored in the DString.

       Tcl_UtfToExternal converts a source buffer src from UTF-8 into the specified encoding.  Up
       to  srcLen bytes are converted from the source buffer and up to dstLen converted bytes are
       stored in dst.  In all cases, *srcReadPtr is filled with the number  of  bytes  that  were
       successfully  converted  from src and *dstWrotePtr is filled with the corresponding number
       of bytes that were stored in dst.  The return values are the same as the return values for
       Tcl_ExternalToUtf.

       Tcl_WinUtfToTChar   and  Tcl_WinTCharToUtf  are  Windows-only  convenience  functions  for
       converting between UTF-8 and  Windows  strings  based  on  the  TCHAR  type  which  is  by
       convention a Unicode character on Windows NT.

       Tcl_GetEncodingName  is  roughly  the  inverse of Tcl_GetEncoding.  Given an encoding, the
       return value is the name argument that was  used  to  create  the  encoding.   The  string
       returned  by  Tcl_GetEncodingName  is  only  guaranteed  to  persist until the encoding is
       deleted.  The caller must not modify this string.

       Tcl_SetSystemEncoding sets the default encoding that should  be  used  whenever  the  user
       passes  a NULL value for the encoding argument to any of the other encoding functions.  If
       name is NULL, the system encoding is reset to the default system encoding, binary.  If the
       name  did  not refer to any known or loadable encoding, TCL_ERROR is returned and an error
       message is left in interp.  Otherwise, this procedure increments the  reference  count  of
       the  new  system  encoding, decrements the reference count of the old system encoding, and
       returns TCL_OK.

       Tcl_GetEncodingNameFromEnvironment provides a means for the  Tcl  library  to  report  the
       encoding  name  it  believes to be the correct one to use as the system encoding, based on
       system calls and examination of the environment suitable for  the  platform.   It  accepts
       bufPtr, a pointer to an uninitialized or freed Tcl_DString and writes the encoding name to
       it.  The Tcl_DStringValue is returned.

       Tcl_GetEncodingNames sets the interp result to a list consisting of the names of  all  the
       encodings  that are currently defined or can be dynamically loaded, searching the encoding
       path specified by Tcl_SetDefaultEncodingDir.  This procedure  does  not  ensure  that  the
       dynamically-loadable encoding files contain valid data, but merely that they exist.

       Tcl_CreateEncoding  defines  a new encoding and registers the C procedures that are called
       back to convert between the encoding and UTF-8.  Encodings created  by  Tcl_CreateEncoding
       are  thereafter  visible  in  the  database  used  by  Tcl_GetEncoding.   Just as with the
       Tcl_GetEncoding procedure, the return value is a token that represents  the  encoding  and
       can  be  used in subsequent calls to other encoding functions.  Tcl_CreateEncoding returns
       an encoding with a reference count of 1. If an encoding with the  specified  name  already
       exists,  then  its  entry in the database is replaced with the new encoding; the token for
       the old encoding will remain valid and continue to behave as before, but users of the  new
       token will now call the new encoding procedures.

       The  typePtr  argument  to  Tcl_CreateEncoding  contains information about the name of the
       encoding and the procedures that will be called  to  convert  between  this  encoding  and
       UTF-8.  It is defined as follows:

              typedef struct Tcl_EncodingType {
                  const char *encodingName;
                  Tcl_EncodingConvertProc *toUtfProc;
                  Tcl_EncodingConvertProc *fromUtfProc;
                  Tcl_EncodingFreeProc *freeProc;
                  ClientData clientData;
                  int nullSize;
              } Tcl_EncodingType;

       The  encodingName  provides a string name for the encoding, by which it can be referred in
       other procedures such as Tcl_GetEncoding.  The toUtfProc refers to a callback procedure to
       invoke  to  convert  text  from  this  encoding  into  UTF-8.  The fromUtfProc refers to a
       callback procedure to invoke to convert text from UTF-8 into this encoding.  The  freeProc
       refers  to  a  callback  procedure  to invoke when this encoding is deleted.  The freeProc
       field may be NULL.   The  clientData  contains  an  arbitrary  one-word  value  passed  to
       toUtfProc,  fromUtfProc,  and  freeProc  whenever  they  are called.  Typically, this is a
       pointer to a data structure containing encoding-specific information that can be  used  by
       the  callback  procedures.   For  instance,  two  very similar encodings such as ascii and
       macRoman may use the same callback procedure, but use different values  of  clientData  to
       control  its  behavior.  The nullSize specifies the number of zero bytes that signify end-
       of-string in this encoding.  It must be 1 (for single-byte or  multi-byte  encodings  like
       ASCII  or  Shift-JIS)  or  2  (for  double-byte  encodings  like Unicode).  Constant-sized
       encodings with 3 or more bytes per character (such as CNS11643) are not accepted.

       The   callback   procedures   toUtfProc   and   fromUtfProc   should   match   the    type
       Tcl_EncodingConvertProc:

              typedef int Tcl_EncodingConvertProc(
                      ClientData clientData,
                      const char *src,
                      int srcLen,
                      int flags,
                      Tcl_EncodingState *statePtr,
                      char *dst,
                      int dstLen,
                      int *srcReadPtr,
                      int *dstWrotePtr,
                      int *dstCharsPtr);

       The   toUtfProc  and  fromUtfProc  procedures  are  called  by  the  Tcl_ExternalToUtf  or
       Tcl_UtfToExternal family of functions to perform the actual  conversion.   The  clientData
       parameter  to  these  procedures  is  the  same  as  the  clientData  field  specified  to
       Tcl_CreateEncoding when the encoding was created.  The remaining arguments to the callback
       procedures  are  the same as the arguments, documented at the top, to Tcl_ExternalToUtf or
       Tcl_UtfToExternal, with the following exceptions.  If the srcLen argument to one of  those
       high-level  functions  is negative, the value passed to the callback procedure will be the
       appropriate  encoding-specific  string  length  of  src.   If  any  of   the   srcReadPtr,
       dstWrotePtr,  or  dstCharsPtr  arguments  to  one of the high-level functions is NULL, the
       corresponding value passed to the callback procedure will be a non-NULL location.

       The callback procedure freeProc, if non-NULL, should match the type Tcl_EncodingFreeProc:

              typedef void Tcl_EncodingFreeProc(
                      ClientData clientData);

       This freeProc function is called when the encoding is deleted.  The  clientData  parameter
       is  the same as the clientData field specified to Tcl_CreateEncoding when the encoding was
       created.

       Tcl_GetEncodingSearchPath and Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath are called to access and  set  the
       list of filesystem directories searched for encoding data files.

       The value returned by Tcl_GetEncodingSearchPath is the value stored by the last successful
       call  to  Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath.   If  no  calls  to  Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath   have
       occurred,  Tcl  will  compute  an  initial  value  based on the environment.  There is one
       encoding search path for the entire process, shared by all threads in the process.

       Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath stores searchPath and returns TCL_OK, unless searchPath is not a
       valid Tcl list, which causes TCL_ERROR to be returned.  The elements of searchPath are not
       verified as existing readable filesystem directories.  When searching  for  encoding  data
       files  takes  place,  and  non-existent  or  non-readable  filesystem  directories  on the
       searchPath are silently ignored.

       Tcl_GetDefaultEncodingDir  and  Tcl_SetDefaultEncodingDir  are  obsolete  interfaces  best
       replaced  with calls to Tcl_GetEncodingSearchPath and Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath.  They are
       called to access and set the first element of the searchPath  list.   Since  Tcl  searches
       searchPath  for  encoding data files in list order, these routines establish the “default”
       directory in which to find encoding data files.

ENCODING FILES

       Space would prohibit precompiling into Tcl every  possible  encoding  algorithm,  so  many
       encodings  are  stored on disk as dynamically-loadable encoding files.  This behavior also
       allows the user to create additional encoding files that can  be  loaded  using  the  same
       mechanism.   These  encoding  files  contain  information  about  the tables and/or escape
       sequences used to map between an external encoding and Unicode.  The external encoding may
       consist of single-byte, multi-byte, or double-byte characters.

       Each dynamically-loadable encoding is represented as a text file.  The initial line of the
       file, beginning with a “#” symbol, is a comment that provides a human-readable description
       of  the  file.   The next line identifies the type of encoding file.  It can be one of the
       following letters:

       [1] S  A single-byte encoding, where  one  character  is  always  one  byte  long  in  the
              encoding.  An example is iso8859-1, used by many European languages.

       [2] D  A  double-byte  encoding,  where  one  character  is  always  two bytes long in the
              encoding.  An example is big5, used for Chinese text.

       [3] M  A multi-byte encoding, where one character may be either one  or  two  bytes  long.
              Certain  bytes  are  lead  bytes, indicating that another byte must follow and that
              together the two bytes represent one character.  Other bytes are not lead bytes and
              represent themselves.  An example is shiftjis, used by many Japanese computers.

       [4] E  An  escape-sequence  encoding,  specifying  that  certain sequences of bytes do not
              represent characters, but commands that describe  how  following  bytes  should  be
              interpreted.

       The rest of the lines in the file depend on the type.

       Cases  [1],  [2], and [3] are collectively referred to as table-based encoding files.  The
       lines in a table-based encoding file are in the same format as this example taken from the
       shiftjis encoding (this is not the complete file):

              # Encoding file: shiftjis, multi-byte
              M
              003F 0 40
              00
              0000000100020003000400050006000700080009000A000B000C000D000E000F
              0010001100120013001400150016001700180019001A001B001C001D001E001F
              0020002100220023002400250026002700280029002A002B002C002D002E002F
              0030003100320033003400350036003700380039003A003B003C003D003E003F
              0040004100420043004400450046004700480049004A004B004C004D004E004F
              0050005100520053005400550056005700580059005A005B005C005D005E005F
              0060006100620063006400650066006700680069006A006B006C006D006E006F
              0070007100720073007400750076007700780079007A007B007C007D203E007F
              0080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
              0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
              0000FF61FF62FF63FF64FF65FF66FF67FF68FF69FF6AFF6BFF6CFF6DFF6EFF6F
              FF70FF71FF72FF73FF74FF75FF76FF77FF78FF79FF7AFF7BFF7CFF7DFF7EFF7F
              FF80FF81FF82FF83FF84FF85FF86FF87FF88FF89FF8AFF8BFF8CFF8DFF8EFF8F
              FF90FF91FF92FF93FF94FF95FF96FF97FF98FF99FF9AFF9BFF9CFF9DFF9EFF9F
              0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
              0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
              81
              0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
              0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
              0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
              0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
              300030013002FF0CFF0E30FBFF1AFF1BFF1FFF01309B309C00B4FF4000A8FF3E
              FFE3FF3F30FD30FE309D309E30034EDD30053006300730FC20152010FF0F005C
              301C2016FF5C2026202520182019201C201DFF08FF0930143015FF3BFF3DFF5B
              FF5D30083009300A300B300C300D300E300F30103011FF0B221200B100D70000
              00F7FF1D2260FF1CFF1E22662267221E22342642264000B0203220332103FFE5
              FF0400A200A3FF05FF03FF06FF0AFF2000A72606260525CB25CF25CE25C725C6
              25A125A025B325B225BD25BC203B301221922190219121933013000000000000
              000000000000000000000000000000002208220B2286228722822283222A2229
              000000000000000000000000000000002227222800AC21D221D4220022030000
              0000000000000000000000000000000000000000222022A52312220222072261
              2252226A226B221A223D221D2235222B222C0000000000000000000000000000
              212B2030266F266D266A2020202100B6000000000000000025EF000000000000

       The  third  line of the file is three numbers.  The first number is the fallback character
       (in base 16) to use when converting from UTF-8 to this encoding.  The second number is a 1
       if  this  file represents the encoding for a symbol font, or 0 otherwise.  The last number
       (in base 10) is how many pages of data follow.

       Subsequent lines in the example above are pages that describe how to map from the encoding
       into  2-byte  Unicode.  The first line in a page identifies the page number.  Following it
       are 256 double-byte numbers, arranged as 16 rows of 16 numbers.  Given a character in  the
       encoding,  the  high byte of that character is used to select which page, and the low byte
       of that character is used as an index to select one of the  double-byte  numbers  in  that
       page  -  the  value obtained being the corresponding Unicode character.  By examination of
       the example above, one can see that the characters 0x7E and 0x8163 in shiftjis map to 203E
       and 2026 in Unicode, respectively.

       Following  the  first  page  will  be  all the other pages, each in the same format as the
       first: one number identifying the page followed by 256 double-byte Unicode characters.  If
       a  character  in  the  encoding  maps  to  the  Unicode  character 0000, it means that the
       character does not actually exist.  If all characters on a page would map  to  0000,  that
       page can be omitted.

       Case  [4]  is the escape-sequence encoding file.  The lines in an this type of file are in
       the same format as this example taken from the iso2022-jp encoding:

              # Encoding file: iso2022-jp, escape-driven
              E
              init           {}
              final          {}
              iso8859-1      \x1b(B
              jis0201        \x1b(J
              jis0208        \x1b$@
              jis0208        \x1b$B
              jis0212        \x1b$(D
              gb2312         \x1b$A
              ksc5601        \x1b$(C

       In the file, the first column represents an option and the second column is the associated
       value.   init is a string to emit or expect before the first character is converted, while
       final is a string to emit or expect after the last character.  All other options are names
       of  table-based  encodings;  the  associated  value is the escape-sequence that marks that
       encoding.  Tcl syntax is used for the values; in the above  example,  for  instance,  “{}”
       represents the empty string and “\x1b” represents character 27.

       When  Tcl_GetEncoding encounters an encoding name that has not been loaded, it attempts to
       load an encoding file called name.enc from the encoding  subdirectory  of  each  directory
       that  Tcl searches for its script library.  If the encoding file exists, but is malformed,
       an error message will be left in interp.

KEYWORDS

       utf, encoding, convert