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NAME

       Tk::Entry - Create and manipulate Entry widgets

SYNOPSIS

           $entry = $parent->Entry(?options?);

STANDARD OPTIONS

       -background    -highlightbackground     -insertontime  -selectforeground
       -borderwidth   -highlightcolor     -insertwidth   -takefocus
       -cursor   -highlightthickness -justify  -textvariable
       -exportselection    -insertbackground   -relief   -xscrollcommand
       -font     -insertborderwidth  -selectbackground
       -foreground    -insertofftime -selectborderwidth

WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS

       Command-Line Name: -disabledbackground
       Database Name:  disabledBackground
       Database Class: DisabledBackground
           Specifies the background color to use when the entry is disabled.  If this option is
           the empty string, the normal background color is used.

       Command-Line Name: -disabledforeground
       Database Name:  disabledForeground
       Database Class: DisabledForeground
           Specifies the foreground color to use when the entry is disabled.  If this option is
           the empty string, the normal foreground color is used.

       Name:     invalidCommand
       Class:    InvalidCommand
       Switch:   -invalidcommand
       Alias:    -invcmd
           Specifies a script to eval when validateCommand returns 0.  Setting it to <undef>
           disables this feature (the default).  The best use of this option is to set it to
           bell.  See Validation below for more information.

       Command-Line Name: -readonlybackground
       Database Name:  readonlyBackground
       Database Class: ReadonlyBackground
           Specifies the background color to use when the entry is read-only.  If this option is
           the empty string, the normal background color is used.

       Name:     show
       Class:    Show
       Switch:   -show
           If this option is specified, then the true contents of the entry are not displayed in
           the window.  Instead, each character in the entry's value will be displayed as the
           first character in the value of this option, such as ``*''.  This is useful, for
           example, if the entry is to be used to enter a password.  If characters in the entry
           are selected and copied elsewhere, the information copied will be what is displayed,
           not the true contents of the entry.

       Name:     state
       Class:    State
       Switch:   -state
           Specifies one of three states for the entry: normal, disabled, or readonly.  If the
           entry is readonly, then the value may not be changed using widget commands and no
           insertion cursor will be displayed, even if the input focus is in the widget; the
           contents of the widget may still be selected.  If the entry is disabled, the value may
           not be changed, no insertion cursor will be displayed, the contents will not be
           selectable, and the entry may be displayed in a different color, depending on the
           values of the -disabledforeground and -disabledbackground options.

       Name:     validate
       Class:    Validate
       Switch:   -validate
           Specifies the mode in which validation should operate: none, focus, focusin, focusout,
           key, or all.  It defaults to none.  When you want validation, you must explicitly
           state which mode you wish to use.  See Validation below for more.

       Name:     validateCommand
       Class:    ValidateCommand
       Switch:   -validatecommand
       Alias:    -vcmd
           Specifies a script to eval when you want to validate the input into the entry widget.
           Setting it to "undef" disables this feature (the default).  This command must return a
           valid boolean value.  If it returns 0 (or the valid boolean equivalent) then it means
           you reject the new edition and it will not occur and the invalidCommand will be
           evaluated if it is set. If it returns 1, then the new edition occurs.  See Validation
           below for more information.

       Name:     width
       Class:    Width
       Switch:   -width
           Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width of the entry window, in
           average-size characters of the widget's font.  If the value is less than or equal to
           zero, the widget picks a size just large enough to hold its current text.

DESCRIPTION

       The Entry method creates a new window (given by the $entry argument) and makes it into an
       entry widget.  Additional options, described above, may be specified on the command line
       or in the option database to configure aspects of the entry such as its colors, font, and
       relief.  The entry command returns its $entry argument.  At the time this command is
       invoked, there must not exist a window named $entry, but $entry's parent must exist.

       An entry is a widget that displays a one-line text string and allows that string to be
       edited using methods described below, which are typically bound to keystrokes and mouse
       actions.  When first created, an entry's string is empty.  A portion of the entry may be
       selected as described below.  If an entry is exporting its selection (see the
       exportSelection option), then it will observe the standard X11 protocols for handling the
       selection;  entry selections are available as type STRING.  Entries also observe the
       standard Tk rules for dealing with the input focus.  When an entry has the input focus it
       displays an insertion cursor to indicate where new characters will be inserted.

       Entries are capable of displaying strings that are too long to fit entirely within the
       widget's window.  In this case, only a portion of the string will be displayed;  methods
       described below may be used to change the view in the window.  Entries use the standard
       xScrollCommand mechanism for interacting with scrollbars (see the description of the
       -xscrollcommand option for details).  They also support scanning, as described below.

VALIDATION

       Validation of entry widgets is derived from part of the patch written by
       jhobbs@cs.uoregon.edu.  This works by setting the validateCommand option to a callback
       which will be evaluated according to the validate option as follows:

       none
           Default.  This means no validation will occur.

       focus
           validateCommand will be called when the entry receives or loses focus.

       focusin
           validateCommand will be called when the entry receives focus.

       focusout
           validateCommand will be called when the entry loses focus.

       key validateCommand will be called when the entry is edited.

       all validateCommand will be called for all above conditions.

       The validateCommand and invalidCommand are called with the following arguments:

       •   The proposed value of the entry.  If you are configuring the entry widget to have a
           new textvariable, this will be the value of that textvariable.

       •   The characters to be added (or deleted). This will be "undef" if validation is due to
           focus, explcit call to validate or if change is due to "-textvariable" changing.

       •   The current value of entry i.e. before the proposed change.

       •   index of char string to be added/deleted, if any. -1 otherwise

       •   type of action. 1 == INSERT, 0 == DELETE, -1 if it's a forced validation or
           textvariable validation

       In general, the textVariable and validateCommand can be dangerous to mix. If you try set
       the textVariable to something that the validateCommand will not accept it will be set back
       to the value of the entry widget.  Using the textVariable for read-only purposes will
       never cause problems.

       The validateCommand will turn itself off by setting validate to none when an error occurs,
       for example when the validateCommand or invalidCommand encounters an error in its script
       while evaluating, or validateCommand does not return a valid boolean value.

       With the perl/Tk version validate option is supposed to be "suspended" while executing the
       validateCommand or the invalidCommand.  This is experimental but in theory either callback
       can "correct" the value of the widget, and override the proposed change. (validateCommand
       should still return false to inhibit the change from happening when it returns.)

WIDGET METHODS

       The Entry method creates a widget object.  This object supports the configure and cget
       methods described in Tk::options which can be used to enquire and modify the options
       described above.  The widget also inherits all the methods provided by the generic
       Tk::Widget class.

       Many of the additional methods for entries take one or more indices as arguments.  An
       index specifies a particular character in the entry's string, in any of the following
       ways:

       number
           Specifies the character as a numerical index, where 0 corresponds to the first
           character in the string.

       anchor
           Indicates the anchor point for the selection, which is set with the selectionFrom and
           selectionAdjust methods.

       end Indicates the character just after the last one in the entry's string.  This is
           equivalent to specifying a numerical index equal to the length of the entry's string.

       insert
           Indicates the character adjacent to and immediately following the insertion cursor.

       sel.first
           Indicates the first character in the selection.  It is an error to use this form if
           the selection isn't in the entry window.

       sel.last
           Indicates the character just after the last one in the selection.  It is an error to
           use this form if the selection isn't in the entry window.

       @number
           In this form, number is treated as an x-coordinate in the entry's window;  the
           character spanning that x-coordinate is used.  For example, ``@0'' indicates the left-
           most character in the window.

       Abbreviations may be used for any of the forms above, e.g. ``e'' or ``sel.f''.  In
       general, out-of-range indices are automatically rounded to the nearest legal value.

       The following additional methods are available for entry widgets:

       $entry->bbox(index)
           Returns a list of four numbers describing the bounding box of the character given by
           index.  The first two elements of the list give the x and y coordinates of the upper-
           left corner of the screen area covered by the character (in pixels relative to the
           widget) and the last two elements give the width and height of the character, in
           pixels.  The bounding box may refer to a region outside the visible area of the
           window.

       $entry->cget(?option?)
           Returns the current value of the configuration option given by option.  Option may
           have any of the values accepted by the entry command.

       $entry->configure(?option?, ?value, option, value, ...?)
           Query or modify the configuration options of the widget.  If no option is specified,
           returns a list describing all of the available options for $entry (see Tk::configure
           for information on the format of this list).  If option is specified with no value,
           then the command returns a list describing the one named option (this list will be
           identical to the corresponding sublist of the value returned if no option is
           specified).  If one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the command
           modifies the given widget option(s) to have the given value(s);  in this case the
           command returns an empty string.  Option may have any of the values accepted by the
           entry command.

       $entry->delete(first, ?last?)
           Delete one or more elements of the entry.  First is the index of the first character
           to delete, and last is the index of the character just after the last one to delete.
           If last isn't specified it defaults to first+1, i.e. a single character is deleted.
           This method returns an empty string.

       $entry->get
           Returns the entry's string.

       $entry->icursor(index)
           Arrange for the insertion cursor to be displayed just before the character given by
           index.  Returns an empty string.

       $entry->index(index)
           Returns the numerical index corresponding to index.

       $entry->insert(index, string)
           Insert the characters of string just before the character indicated by index.  Returns
           an empty string.

       $entry->scan(option, args)
       $entry->scanOption(args)
           This method is used to implement scanning on entries.  It has two forms, depending on
           Option:

           $entry->scanMark(x)
                   Records x and the current view in the entry widget;  used in conjunction with
                   later scanDragto methods.  Typically this method is associated with a mouse
                   button press in the widget.  It returns an empty string.

           $entry->scanDragto(x)
                   This method computes the difference between its x argument and the x argument
                   to the last scanMark method for the widget.  It then adjusts the view left or
                   right by 10 times the difference in x-coordinates.  This method is typically
                   associated with mouse motion events in the widget, to produce the effect of
                   dragging the entry at high speed through the widget.  The return value is an
                   empty string.

       $entry->selection(option, arg)
       $entry->selectionOption(arg)
           This method is used to adjust the selection within an entry.  It has several forms,
           depending on Option:

           $entry->selectionAdjust(index)
                   Locate the end of the selection nearest to the character given by index, and
                   adjust that end of the selection to be at index (i.e including but not going
                   beyond index).  The other end of the selection is made the anchor point for
                   future selectionTo methods.  If the selection isn't currently in the entry,
                   then a new selection is created to include the characters between index and
                   the most recent selection anchor point, inclusive.  Returns an empty string.

           $entry->selectionClear
                   Clear the selection if it is currently in this widget.  If the selection isn't
                   in this widget then the method has no effect.  Returns an empty string.

           $entry->selectionFrom(index)
                   Set the selection anchor point to just before the character given by index.
                   Doesn't change the selection.  Returns an empty string.

           $entry->selectionPresent
                   Returns 1 if there is are characters selected in the entry, 0 if nothing is
                   selected.

           $entry->selectionRange(start, end)
                   Sets the selection to include the characters starting with the one indexed by
                   start and ending with the one just before end.  If end refers to the same
                   character as start or an earlier one, then the entry's selection is cleared.

           $entry->selectionTo(index)
                   If index is before the anchor point, set the selection to the characters from
                   index up to but not including the anchor point.  If index is the same as the
                   anchor point, do nothing.  If index is after the anchor point, set the
                   selection to the characters from the anchor point up to but not including
                   index.  The anchor point is determined by the most recent selectionFrom or
                   selectionAdjust method in this widget.  If the selection isn't in this widget
                   then a new selection is created using the most recent anchor point specified
                   for the widget.  Returns an empty string.

       $entry->validate
           This command is used to force an evaluation of the validateCommand independent of the
           conditions specified by the validate option.  It returns 0 or 1.

       $entry->xview(args)
           This command is used to query and change the horizontal position of the text in the
           widget's window.  It can take any of the following forms:

           $entry->xview
                   Returns a list containing two elements.  Each element is a real fraction
                   between 0 and 1;  together they describe the horizontal span that is visible
                   in the window.  For example, if the first element is .2 and the second element
                   is .7, 20% of the entry's text is off-screen to the left, the middle 50% is
                   visible in the window, and 30% of the text is off-screen to the right.  These
                   are the same values passed to scrollbars via the -xscrollcommand option.

           $entry->xview(index)
                   Adjusts the view in the window so that the character given by index is
                   displayed at the left edge of the window.

           $entry->xviewMoveto(fraction)
                   Adjusts the view in the window so that the character fraction of the way
                   through the text appears at the left edge of the window.  Fraction must be a
                   fraction between 0 and 1.

           $entry->xviewScroll(number, what)
                   This method shifts the view in the window left or right according to number
                   and what.  Number must be an integer.  What must be either units or pages or
                   an abbreviation of one of these.  If what is units, the view adjusts left or
                   right by number average-width characters on the display;  if it is pages then
                   the view adjusts by number screenfuls.  If number is negative then characters
                   farther to the left become visible;  if it is positive then characters farther
                   to the right become visible.

DEFAULT BINDINGS

       Tk automatically creates class bindings for entries that give them the following default
       behavior.  In the descriptions below, ``word'' refers to a contiguous group of letters,
       digits, or ``_'' characters, or any single character other than these.

       [1] Clicking mouse button 1 positions the insertion cursor just before the character
           underneath the mouse cursor, sets the input focus to this widget, and clears any
           selection in the widget.  Dragging with mouse button 1 strokes out a selection between
           the insertion cursor and the character under the mouse.

       [2] Double-clicking with mouse button 1 selects the word under the mouse and positions the
           insertion cursor at the beginning of the word.  Dragging after a double click will
           stroke out a selection consisting of whole words.

       [3] Triple-clicking with mouse button 1 selects all of the text in the entry and positions
           the insertion cursor before the first character.

       [4] The ends of the selection can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 1 while the
           Shift key is down;  this will adjust the end of the selection that was nearest to the
           mouse cursor when button 1 was pressed.  If the button is double-clicked before
           dragging then the selection will be adjusted in units of whole words.

       [5] Clicking mouse button 1 with the Control key down will position the insertion cursor
           in the entry without affecting the selection.

       [6] If any normal printing characters are typed in an entry, they are inserted at the
           point of the insertion cursor.

       [7] The view in the entry can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 2.  If mouse
           button 2 is clicked without moving the mouse, the selection is copied into the entry
           at the position of the mouse cursor.

       [8] If the mouse is dragged out of the entry on the left or right sides while button 1 is
           pressed, the entry will automatically scroll to make more text visible (if there is
           more text off-screen on the side where the mouse left the window).

       [9] The Left and Right keys move the insertion cursor one character to the left or right;
           they also clear any selection in the entry and set the selection anchor.  If Left or
           Right is typed with the Shift key down, then the insertion cursor moves and the
           selection is extended to include the new character.  Control-Left and Control-Right
           move the insertion cursor by words, and Control-Shift-Left and Control-Shift-Right
           move the insertion cursor by words and also extend the selection.  Control-b and
           Control-f behave the same as Left and Right, respectively.  Meta-b and Meta-f behave
           the same as Control-Left and Control-Right, respectively.

       [10]
           The Home key, or Control-a, will move the insertion cursor to the beginning of the
           entry and clear any selection in the entry.  Shift-Home moves the insertion cursor to
           the beginning of the entry and also extends the selection to that point.

       [11]
           The End key, or Control-e, will move the insertion cursor to the end of the entry and
           clear any selection in the entry.  Shift-End moves the cursor to the end and extends
           the selection to that point.

       [12]
           The Select key and Control-Space set the selection anchor to the position of the
           insertion cursor.  They don't affect the current selection.  Shift-Select and Control-
           Shift-Space adjust the selection to the current position of the insertion cursor,
           selecting from the anchor to the insertion cursor if there was not any selection
           previously.

       [13]
           Control-/ selects all the text in the entry.

       [14]
           Control-\ clears any selection in the entry.

       [15]
           The F16 key (labelled Copy on many Sun workstations) or Meta-w copies the selection in
           the widget to the clipboard, if there is a selection.

       [16]
           The F20 key (labelled Cut on many Sun workstations) or Control-w copies the selection
           in the widget to the clipboard and deletes the selection.  If there is no selection in
           the widget then these keys have no effect.

       [17]
           The F18 key (labelled Paste on many Sun workstations) or Control-y inserts the
           contents of the clipboard at the position of the insertion cursor.

       [18]
           The Delete key deletes the selection, if there is one in the entry.  If there is no
           selection, it deletes the character to the right of the insertion cursor.

       [19]
           The BackSpace key and Control-h delete the selection, if there is one in the entry.
           If there is no selection, it deletes the character to the left of the insertion
           cursor.

       [20]
           Control-d deletes the character to the right of the insertion cursor.

       [21]
           Meta-d deletes the word to the right of the insertion cursor.

       [22]
           Control-k deletes all the characters to the right of the insertion cursor.

       [23]
           Control-t reverses the order of the two characters to the right of the insertion
           cursor.

           If the entry is disabled using the -state option, then the entry's view can still be
           adjusted and text in the entry can still be selected, but no insertion cursor will be
           displayed and no text modifications will take place.

           The behavior of entries can be changed by defining new bindings for individual widgets
           or by redefining the class bindings.

KEYWORDS

       entry, widget