Provided by: libvm-ec2-perl_1.28-4_all bug

NAME

       VM::EC2::REST::instance - VM::EC2 methods for controlling instances

SYNOPSIS

        use VM::EC2 ':standard';

METHODS

       The methods in this section allow you to retrieve information about EC2 instances, launch
       new instances, control the instance lifecycle (e.g. starting and stopping them), and
       fetching the console output from instances.

       Implemented:
        ConfirmProductInstance
        DescribeInstanceAttribute
        DescribeInstances
        DescribeInstanceStatus
        ModifyInstanceAttribute
        RebootInstances
        ResetInstanceAttribute
        RunInstances
        StartInstances
        StopInstances
        TerminateInstances

       Unimplemented:
        (none)

       The primary object manipulated by these methods is VM::EC2::Instance. Please see the
       VM::EC2::Instance manual page for additional methods that allow you to attach and detach
       volumes, modify an instance's attributes, and convert instances into images.

   @instances = $ec2->describe_instances(@instance_ids)
   @instances = $ec2->describe_instances(\%filters)
   @instances = $ec2->describe_instances(-instance_id=>\@ids,-filter=>\%filters)
       Return a series of VM::EC2::Instance objects. Optional arguments are:

        -instance_id     ID of the instance(s) to return information on.
                         This can be a string scalar, or an arrayref.

        -filter          Tags and other filters to apply.

       The filter argument is a hashreference in which the keys are the filter names, and the
       values are the match strings. Some filters accept wildcards.

       A typical filter example:

         $ec2->describe_instances(
           -filter        => {'block-device-mapping.device-name'=>'/dev/sdh',
                              'architecture'                    => 'i386',
                              'tag:Role'                        => 'Server'
                             });

       You may omit the -filter argument name if there are no other arguments:

         $ec2->describe_instances({'block-device-mapping.device-name'=>'/dev/sdh',
                                   'architecture'                    => 'i386',
                                    'tag:Role'                        => 'Server'});

       There are a large number of filters, which are listed in full at
       http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/ApiReference-query-DescribeInstances.html.

       Here is a alpha-sorted list of filter names: architecture, availability-zone,
       block-device-mapping.attach-time, block-device-mapping.delete-on-termination,
       block-device-mapping.device-name, block-device-mapping.status,
       block-device-mapping.volume-id, client-token, dns-name, group-id, group-name, hypervisor,
       image-id, instance-id, instance-lifecycle, instance-state-code, instance-state-name,
       instance-type, instance.group-id, instance.group-name, ip-address, kernel-id, key-name,
       launch-index, launch-time, monitoring-state, owner-id, placement-group-name, platform,
       private-dns-name, private-ip-address, product-code, ramdisk-id, reason, requester-id,
       reservation-id, root-device-name, root-device-type, source-dest-check, spot-instance-
       request-id, state-reason-code, state-reason-message, subnet-id, tag-key, tag-value,
       tag:key, virtualization-type, vpc-id.

       Note that the objects returned from this method are the instances themselves, and not a
       reservation set. The reservation ID can be retrieved from each instance by calling its
       reservationId() method.

   @i = $ec2->run_instances($ami_id)
   @i = $ec2->run_instances(-image_id=>$id,%other_args)
       This method will provision and launch one or more instances given an AMI ID. If
       successful, the method returns a series of VM::EC2::Instance objects.

       If called with a single argument this will be interpreted as the AMI to launch, and all
       other arguments will take their defaults. Otherwise, the arguments will be taken as a
       -parameter=>$argument list.

       Required arguments:
             -image_id       ID of an AMI to launch

       Optional arguments:
             -min_count         Minimum number of instances to launch [1]

             -max_count         Maximum number of instances to launch [1]

             -key_name          Name of the keypair to use

             -security_group_id Security group ID to use for this instance.
                                Use an arrayref for multiple group IDs

             -security_group    Security group name to use for this instance.
                                Use an arrayref for multiple values.

             -user_data         User data to pass to the instances. Do NOT base64
                                encode this. It will be done for you.

             -instance_type     Type of the instance to use. See below for a
                                list.

             -availability_zone The availability zone you want to launch the
                                instance into. Call $ec2->regions for a list.

             -zone              Short version of -availability_aone.

             -placement_zone    Deprecated version of -availability_zone.

             -placement_group   An existing placement group to launch the
                                instance into. Applicable to cluster instances
                                only.

             -tenancy           Specify 'dedicated' to launch the instance on a
                                dedicated server. Only applicable for VPC
                                instances.

             -kernel_id         ID of the kernel to use for the instances,
                                overriding the kernel specified in the image.

             -ramdisk_id        ID of the ramdisk to use for the instances,
                                overriding the ramdisk specified in the image.

             -block_devices     Specify block devices to map onto the instances,
                                overriding the values specified in the image.
                                See below for the syntax of this argument.

             -block_device_mapping  Alias for -block_devices.

             -monitoring        Pass a true value to enable detailed monitoring.

             -subnet_id         ID of the subnet to launch the instance
                                into. Only applicable for VPC instances.

             -termination_protection  Pass true to lock the instance so that it
                                cannot be terminated using the API. Use
                                modify_instance() to unset this if youu wish to
                                terminate the instance later.

             -disable_api_termination -- Same as above.

             -shutdown_behavior Pass "stop" (the default) to stop the instance
                                and save its disk state when "shutdown" is called
                                from within the instance. Stopped instances can
                                be restarted later. Pass "terminate" to
                                instead terminate the instance and discard its
                                state completely.

             -instance_initiated_shutdown_behavior -- Same as above.

             -private_ip_address Assign the instance to a specific IP address
                                from a VPC subnet (VPC only).

             -client_token      Unique identifier that you can provide to ensure
                                idempotency of the request. You can use
                                $ec2->token() to generate a suitable identifier.
                                See http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/
                                    latest/UserGuide/Run_Instance_Idempotency.html

             -network_interfaces  A single network interface specification string
                                or a list of them as an array reference (VPC only).
                                These are described in more detail below.

             -iam_arn           The Amazon resource name (ARN) of the IAM Instance Profile (IIP)
                                  to associate with the instances.

             -iam_name          The name of the IAM instance profile (IIP) to associate with the
                                  instances.

             -ebs_optimized     Boolean. If true, create an EBS-optimized instance
                                (valid only for certain instance types.

       Instance types
           The following is the list of instance types currently allowed by Amazon:

              m1.small   c1.medium  m2.xlarge   cc1.4xlarge  cg1.4xlarge  t1.micro
              m1.large   c1.xlarge  m2.2xlarge
              m1.xlarge             m2.4xlarge

       Block device syntax
           The syntax of -block_devices is identical to what is used by the ec2-run-instances
           command-line tool. Borrowing from the manual page of that tool:

           The format is '<device>=<block-device>', where 'block-device' can be one of the
           following:

               - 'none': indicates that a block device that would be exposed at the
                  specified device should be suppressed. For example: '/dev/sdb=none'

                - 'ephemeral[0-3]': indicates that the Amazon EC2 ephemeral store
                  (instance local storage) should be exposed at the specified device.
                  For example: '/dev/sdc=ephemeral0'.

                - 'vol-12345678': A volume ID will attempt to attach the given volume to the
                  instance, contingent on volume state and availability zone.

                - 'none': Suppress this block device, even if it is mapped in the AMI.

                - '[<snapshot-id>][:<size>[:<delete-on-termination>[:<volume-type>[:<iops>]]]]':
                  indicates that an Amazon EBS volume, created from the specified Amazon EBS
                  snapshot, should be exposed at the specified device. The following
                  combinations are supported:

                    - '<snapshot-id>': the ID of an Amazon EBS snapshot, which must
                      be owned by or restorable by the caller. May be left out if a
                      <size> is specified, creating an empty Amazon EBS volume of
                      the specified size.

                    - '<size>': the size (GiBs) of the Amazon EBS volume to be
                      created. If a snapshot was specified, this may not be smaller
                      than the size of the snapshot itself.

                    - '<delete-on-termination>': indicates whether the Amazon EBS
                       volume should be deleted on instance termination. If not
                       specified, this will default to 'true' and the volume will be
                       deleted.

                    - '<volume-type>': The volume type. One of "standard", "gp2" or "io1".
                       "gp2" is the new general purpose SSD type.

                    - '<iops>': The number of I/O operations per second (IOPS) that
                      the volume supports. A number between 100 to 4000. Only valid
                      for volumes of type "io1".

                    Examples: -block_devices => '/dev/sdb=snap-7eb96d16'
                              -block_devices => '/dev/sdc=snap-7eb96d16:80:false'
                              -block_devices => '/dev/sdd=:120'
                              -block_devices => '/dev/sdc=:120:true:io1:500'

           To provide multiple mappings, use an array reference. In this example, we launch two
           'm1.small' instance in which /dev/sdb is mapped to ephemeral storage and /dev/sdc is
           mapped to a new 100 G EBS volume:

            @i=$ec2->run_instances(-image_id  => 'ami-12345',
                                   -min_count => 2,
                                   -block_devices => ['/dev/sdb=ephemeral0',
                                                      '/dev/sdc=:100:true']
               )

       Network interface syntax
           Each instance has a single primary network interface and private IP address that is
           ordinarily automatically assigned by Amazon. When you are running VPC instances,
           however, you can add additional elastic network interfaces (ENIs) to the instance and
           add secondary private IP addresses to one or more of these ENIs. ENIs can exist
           independently of instances, and be detached and reattached in much the same way as EBS
           volumes. This is explained in detail at
           http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-instance-addressing.html.

           The network configuration can be specified using the -network_interface parameter:

            -network_interfaces => ['eth0=10.10.0.12:subnet-1234567:sg-1234567:true:My Custom Eth0',
                                    'eth1=10.10.1.12,10.10.1.13:subnet-999999:sg-1234567:true:My Custom Eth1']

            or

            -network_interfaces => ['eth0=10.10.0.12:subnet-1234567:sg-1234567:true:My Custom Eth0:true']

           The format is '<device>=<specification>'. The device is an ethernet interface name
           such as eth0, eth1, eth2, etc. The specification has up to five fields, each separated
           by the ":" character. All fields are optional and can be left blank. If missing, AWS
           will choose a default.

             10.10.1.12,10.10.1.13:subnet-999999:sg-1234567:true:My Custom Eth1

           1. IP address(es): A single IP address in standard dot form, or a list of IP addresses
           separated by commas. The first address in the list will become the primary private IP
           address for the interface. Subsequent addresses will become secondary private
           addresses. You may specify "auto" or leave the field blank to have AWS choose an
           address automatically from within the subnetwork. To allocate several secondary IP
           addresses and have AWS pick the addresses automatically, give the count of secondary
           addresses you wish to allocate as an integer following the primary IP address. For
           example, "auto,3" will allocate an automatic primary IP address and three automatic
           secondary addresses, while "10.10.1.12,3" will force the primary address to be
           10.10.1.12 and create three automatic secondary addresses.

           2. Subnetwork ID: The ID of the VPC subnetwork in which the ENI resides. An instance
           may have several ENIs associated with it, and each ENI may be attached to a different
           subnetwork.

           3. Security group IDs: A comma-delimited list of the security group IDs to associate
           with this ENI.

           4. DeleteOnTerminate: True if this ENI should be automatically deleted when the
           instance terminates.

           5. Description: A human-readable description of the ENI.

           6. Associate Public Address: Indicates whether to assign a public IP address to the
           ENI on an instance in a VPC.  Can only be specified as true when a single network
           interface of device index 0 is created.  Defaults to true when launching in a Default
           VPC.

           As an alternative syntax, you may specify the ID of an existing ENI in lieu of the
           primary IP address and other fields. The ENI will be attached to the instance if its
           permissions allow:

            -network_interfaces => 'eth0=eni-123456'

       Return value
           On success, this method returns a list of VM::EC2::Instance objects. If called in a
           scalar context AND only one instance was requested, it will return a single instance
           object (rather than returning a list of size one which is then converted into numeric
           "1", as would be the usual Perl behavior).

           Note that this behavior is different from the Amazon API, which returns a
           ReservationSet. In this API, ask the instances for the the reservation, owner,
           requester, and group information using reservationId(), ownerId(), requesterId() and
           groups() methods.

       Tips
           1. If you have a VM::EC2::Image object returned from
              Describe_images(), you may run it using run_instances():

            my $image = $ec2->describe_images(-image_id  => 'ami-12345');
            $image->run_instances( -min_count => 10,
                                   -block_devices => ['/dev/sdb=ephemeral0',
                                                      '/dev/sdc=:100:true']
               )

           2. It may take a short while for a newly-launched instance to be
               returned by describe_instances(). You may need to sleep for 1-2 seconds
               before current_status() returns the correct value.

           3. Each instance object has a current_status() method which will
              return the current run state of the instance. You may poll this
              method to wait until the instance is running:

              my $instance = $ec2->run_instances(...);
              sleep 1;
              while ($instance->current_status ne 'running') {
                 sleep 5;
              }

           4. The utility method wait_for_instances() will wait until all
              passed instances are in the 'running' or other terminal state.

              my @instances = $ec2->run_instances(...);
              $ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances);

   @s = $ec2->start_instances(@instance_ids)
   @s = $ec2->start_instances(-instance_id=>\@instance_ids)
       Start the instances named by @instance_ids and return one or more
       VM::EC2::Instance::State::Change objects.

       To wait for the all the instance ids to reach their final state ("running" unless an error
       occurs), call wait_for_instances().

       Example:

           # find all stopped instances
           @instances = $ec2->describe_instances(-filter=>{'instance-state-name'=>'stopped'});

           # start them
           $ec2->start_instances(@instances)

           # pause till they are running (or crashed)
           $ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances)

       You can also start an instance by calling the object's start() method:

           $instances[0]->start('wait');  # start instance and wait for it to
                                          # be running

       The objects returned by calling start_instances() indicate the current and previous states
       of the instance. The previous state is typically "stopped" and the current state is
       usually "pending." This information is only current to the time that the start_instances()
       method was called.  To get the current run state of the instance, call its status()
       method:

         die "ouch!" unless $instances[0]->current_status eq 'running';

   @s = $ec2->stop_instances(@instance_ids)
   @s = $ec2->stop_instances(-instance_id=>\@instance_ids,-force=>1)
       Stop the instances named by @instance_ids and return one or more
       VM::EC2::Instance::State::Change objects. In the named parameter version of this method,
       you may optionally provide a -force argument, which if true, forces the instance to halt
       without giving it a chance to run its shutdown procedure (the equivalent of pulling a
       physical machine's plug).

       To wait for instances to reach their final state, call wait_for_instances().

       Example:

           # find all running instances
           @instances = $ec2->describe_instances(-filter=>{'instance-state-name'=>'running'});

           # stop them immediately and wait for confirmation
           $ec2->stop_instances(-instance_id=>\@instances,-force=>1);
           $ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances);

       You can also stop an instance by calling the object's start() method:

           $instances[0]->stop('wait');  # stop first instance and wait for it to
                                         # stop completely

   @s = $ec2->terminate_instances(@instance_ids)
   @s = $ec2->terminate_instances(-instance_id=>\@instance_ids)
       Terminate the instances named by @instance_ids and return one or more
       VM::EC2::Instance::State::Change objects. This method will fail for any instances whose
       termination protection field is set.

       To wait for the all the instances to reach their final state, call wait_for_instances().

       Example:

           # find all instances tagged as "Version 0.5"
           @instances = $ec2->describe_instances({'tag:Version'=>'0.5'});

           # terminate them
           $ec2->terminate_instances(@instances);

       You can also terminate an instance by calling its terminate() method:

           $instances[0]->terminate;

   @s = $ec2->reboot_instances(@instance_ids)
   @s = $ec2->reboot_instances(-instance_id=>\@instance_ids)
       Reboot the instances named by @instance_ids and return one or more
       VM::EC2::Instance::State::Change objects.

       To wait for the all the instances to reach their final state, call wait_for_instances().

       You can also reboot an instance by calling its terminate() method:

           $instances[0]->reboot;

   $boolean = $ec2->confirm_product_instance($instance_id,$product_code,$callback)
   $boolean =
       $ec2->confirm_product_instance(-instance_id=>$instance_id,-product_code=>$product_code,-cb=>$callback)
       Return "true" if the instance indicated by $instance_id is associated with the given
       product code.

   $meta = VM::EC2->instance_metadata
   $meta = $ec2->instance_metadata
       For use on running EC2 instances only: This method returns a VM::EC2::Instance::Metadata
       object that will return information about the currently running instance using the HTTP://
       metadata fields described at
       http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/index.html?instancedata-data-categories.html.
       This is usually fastest way to get runtime information on the current instance.

       Note that this method can be called as either an instance or a class method.

   @data = $ec2->describe_instance_attribute($instance_id,$attribute,$callback)
       This method returns instance attributes. Only one attribute can be retrieved at a time.
       The following is the list of attributes that can be retrieved:

        instanceType                      -- scalar
        kernel                            -- scalar
        ramdisk                           -- scalar
        userData                          -- scalar
        disableApiTermination             -- scalar
        instanceInitiatedShutdownBehavior -- scalar
        rootDeviceName                    -- scalar
        blockDeviceMapping                -- list of hashref
        sourceDestCheck                   -- scalar
        groupSet                          -- list of scalar
        productCodes                      -- list of hashref
        ebsOptimized                      -- scalar
        sriovNetSupport                   -- scalar

       All of these values can be retrieved more conveniently from the VM::EC2::Instance object
       returned from describe_instances(), so there is no attempt to parse the results of this
       call into Perl objects. Therefore, some of the attributes, in particular
       'blockDeviceMapping' will be returned as raw hashrefs.

   $boolean = $ec2->modify_instance_attribute($instance_id,-$attribute_name=>$value)
       This method changes instance attributes. It can only be applied to stopped instances.  The
       following is the list of attributes that can be set:

        -instance_type           -- type of instance, e.g. "m1.small"
        -kernel                  -- kernel id
        -ramdisk                 -- ramdisk id
        -user_data               -- user data
        -termination_protection  -- true to prevent termination from the console
        -disable_api_termination -- same as the above
        -shutdown_behavior       -- "stop" or "terminate"
        -instance_initiated_shutdown_behavior -- same as above
        -root_device_name        -- root device name
        -source_dest_check       -- enable NAT (VPC only)
        -group_id                -- VPC security group
        -block_devices           -- Specify block devices to change
                                    deleteOnTermination flag
        -block_device_mapping    -- Alias for -block_devices
        -ebs_optimization        -- EBS Optimization
        -sriov_net_support       -- Enhanced networking support

       Only one attribute can be changed in a single request. For example:

         $ec2->modify_instance_attribute('i-12345',-kernel=>'aki-f70657b2');

       The result code is true if the attribute was successfully modified, false otherwise. In
       the latter case, $ec2->error() will provide the error message.

       The ability to change the deleteOnTermination flag for attached block devices is not
       documented in the official Amazon API documentation, but appears to work.  The syntax is:

       # turn on deleteOnTermination
        $ec2->modify_instance_attribute(-block_devices=>'/dev/sdf=v-12345') # turn off
       deleteOnTermination
        $ec2->modify_instance_attribute(-block_devices=>'/dev/sdf=v-12345')

       The syntax is slightly different from what is used by -block_devices in run_instances(),
       and is "device=volumeId:boolean". Multiple block devices can be specified using an
       arrayref.

   $boolean = $ec2->reset_instance_attribute($instance_id,$attribute [,$callback])
       This method resets an attribute of the given instance to its default value. Valid
       attributes are "kernel", "ramdisk" and "sourceDestCheck". The result code is true if the
       reset was successful.

   @status_list = $ec2->describe_instance_status(@instance_ids);
   @status_list =
       $ec2->describe_instance_status(-instance_id=>\@ids,-filter=>\%filters,%other_args);
   @status_list = $ec2->describe_instance_status(\%filters);
       This method returns a list of VM::EC2::Instance::Status objects corresponding to status
       checks and scheduled maintenance events on the instances of interest. You may provide a
       list of instances to return information on, a set of filters, or both.

       The filters are described at
       http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/ApiReference-query-DescribeInstanceStatus.html.
       The brief list is:

       availability-zone, event.code, event.description, event.not-after, event.not-before,
       instance-state-name, instance-state-code, system-status.status,
       system-status.reachability, instance-status.status, instance-status.reachability.

       Request arguments are:

         -instance_id            Scalar or array ref containing the instance ID(s) to return
                                  information about (optional).

         -filter                 Filters to apply (optional).

         -include_all_instances  If true, include all instances, including those that are
                                  stopped, pending and shutting down. Otherwise, returns
                                  the status of running instances only.

        -max_results             An integer corresponding to the number of instance items
                                  per response (must be greater than 5).

       If -max_results is specified, then the call will return at most the number of instances
       you requested. You may see whether there are additional results by calling
       more_instance_status(), and then retrieve the next set of results with additional call(s)
       to describe_instance_status():

        my @results = $ec2->describe_instance_status(-max_results => 10);
        do_something(\@results);
        while ($ec2->more_instance_status) {
           @results = $ec2->describe_instance_status;
           do_something(\@results);
        }

       NOTE: As of 29 July 2012, passing -include_all_instances causes an EC2 "unknown parameter"
       error, indicating some mismatch between the documented API and the actual one.

   $t = $ec2->token
       Return a client token for use with start_instances().

   $ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances)
       Wait for all members of the provided list of instances to reach some terminal state
       ("running", "stopped" or "terminated"), and then return a hash reference that maps each
       instance ID to its final state.

       Typical usage:

        my @instances = $image->run_instances(-key_name      =>'My_key',
                                              -security_group=>'default',
                                              -min_count     =>2,
                                              -instance_type => 't1.micro')
                  or die $ec2->error_str;
        my $status = $ec2->wait_for_instances(@instances);
        my @failed = grep {$status->{$_} ne 'running'} @instances;
        print "The following failed: @failed\n";

       If no terminal state is reached within a set timeout, then this method returns undef and
       sets $ec2->error_str() to a suitable message. The timeout, which defaults to 10 minutes
       (600 seconds), can be get or set with $ec2->wait_for_timeout().

SEE ALSO

       VM::EC2

AUTHOR

       Lincoln Stein <lincoln.stein@gmail.com>.

       Copyright (c) 2011 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research

       This package and its accompanying libraries is free software; you can redistribute it
       and/or modify it under the terms of the GPL (either version 1, or at your option, any
       later version) or the Artistic License 2.0.  Refer to LICENSE for the full license text.
       In addition, please see DISCLAIMER.txt for disclaimers of warranty.